219 results on '"Cox, Sean"'
Search Results
202. Managing Baltic Sea Fisheries under Contrasting Production and Predation Regimes: Ecosystem Model Analyses
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Hansson, Sture, Hjerne, Olle, Harvey, Chris, Kitchell, James F., Cox, Sean P., and Essington, Timothy E.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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203. Creating Acadia National Park: The Biography of George Bucknam Dorr.
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COX, SEAN
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NONFICTION - Published
- 2018
204. MILITARY LETTER OF THE MONTH.
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Cox, Sean
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MOTORCYCLES - Abstract
The article shares the views of the author on the magazine especially on how it kept him going while in Iraq as well as a brief description of his '03 GSXR-1000 motorcycle.
- Published
- 2010
205. Chemiluminescence of Mn 2+ -activated Rubisco: temperature and pH responses differ between L 2 and L 8 S 8 forms, and inhibitors provide no evidence for involvement of active oxygen species
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Cox, Sean D., Lilley, Ross McC., and Andrews, T. John
- Abstract
Chemiluminescence associated with the oxygenase activity of Mn 2+ -activated D-ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was investigated using the L 8 S 8 enzymes from spinach and Synechococcus PCC6301, and the L 2 enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Chemi-luminescence was measured with a luminometer and oxygenase activity with an oxygen electrode. The relative luminescence yield (light emitted per oxygenase turnover) in the steady-state at pH 8.1 was highest with spinach Rubisco; the enzymes from Synechococcus and R. rubrum exhibited approximately one half and one fifth, respectively, of the spinach value. The relative luminescence yield from the L 8 S 8 enzymes was unaffected by temperature (2040°C) and pH (7.69.0). In contrast, the luminescence yield of R. rubrum Rubisco varied with temperature and pH, and its O 2 -consuming activity exhibited a lower activation energy than that of the L 8 S 8 enzymes. The singlet O 2 -reactive compounds diazabi-cyclo[ 2.2.2]octane and 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium dinitrate (lucigenin) had no effect on chemi-luminescence. Other compounds tested inhibited chemiluminescence but also inhibited O 2 consumption. The inhibition of chemiluminescence of spinach Rubisco required several seconds to exert its maximal effect, implying that the inhibitors had access to the active site only at a particular stage of the catalytic cycle. The data are consistent with the Mn 2+ ion at the active site being the source of the luminescence. Keywords: manganese, luminescence, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, oxygenase, singlet oxygen.
- Published
- 1999
206. Capitalism Russian-Style (Book Review).
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Cox, Sean M.
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NONFICTION ,ECONOMIC conditions in Russia, 1991- - Abstract
Reviews the book `Capitalism Russian-Style,' by Thane Gustafson.
- Published
- 2000
207. The conflict in Kosovo and Syria in the context of Tito and Hafız al Assad's policies (Comparative study)
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Yossef, Saleh, Cox, Sean Mıchael, and Siyaset ve Sosyal Bilimler Ana Bilim Dalı
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Siyasal Bilimler ,Conflict ,Syria ,Political Science ,International Relations ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Kosovo ,Assad, Beashar ,Tito, Josip Bronz ,International relations ,Conflict management ,Social justice ,International policy - Abstract
Bu çalışma, Tito ve Beşar Esad'ın, Suriye ve Kosova çatışmasına verimli bir zemin sağlamak için birtakım politikalarını anlatıyor, aynı zamanda medya ve bazı çalışmalar hala bu dönemleri ve politikaları 'durağan dönem' yada 'başarılı politikalar' olarak tasvir ediyor. Ama özgürlük ve sosyal adalet konuları ile ilgili bazı hak ve talep baskıları hesaba katılmadı. Dahası halkların bileşenleri ve etnik kökenlerinin dikkate alınmadan tek partili 'komünizm ve sosyalizm' yükümlülüğü. Bu politikalar, Kosova ve Suriye'deki toplumun tüm katmanları tarafından itibarsızlaştırılmadı, daha doğrusu ileri düzeylerde kıvılcımlanan şiddet çatışmaları olan artan ırksal ve etnik uyumsuzluğa neden oldu. Hem Suriye hem Kosova, demir yumruk tarafından maruz bırakılan sosyal, politik ve ekonomik durağanlık açısından geçici bir evrede ve bu, yetersiz olan sürdürülebilir durağanlığı düşürüyor. This study addresses a set of Tito and Hafez Al-Assad's policies provided a fertile ground to the conflict in Syria and Kosovo, at the time some of the studies and media are still portraying these periods and policies as the `stable period` or `Successful policies`. However, it did not take into account the suppression of many demands and rights related to the issues of freedom and social justice. Moreover, the imposition of the one-party ideology `communism and socialism` regardless of the ethnicities and components of peoples. These policies did not discredit by all segments of society in Syria and Kosovo, rather it led to increased racial and ethnic dissonance which sparked violent conflict in later stages. Both Syria and Kosovo were in a temporary phase of social, political and economic stability imposed by the iron fist and it has fallen short of sustainable stability 83
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- 2019
208. Decision making in NATO from the political economy perspective
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Mazi, Mehmet, Cox, Sean Mıchael, and Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Küreselleşme Ana Bilim Dalı
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Siyasal Bilimler ,Political economics ,Political Science ,International Relations ,Neo-institutionalism ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Collective actions ,Security ,International security strategies ,International security ,North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı NATO'da kurumsal olarak kullanılan karar alma mekanizmasınınkolektif eylem teorisinden istifade ile politik ekonomi bakış açısıyla irdelenmesidir.Küreselleşme ile birlikte güncel güvenlik çevresi giderek artan şekilde karmaşık ve iç-içegeçmiş bir yapı sergilemektedir. Hiçbir ülke böyle bir ortamda tek başına güvenliğinisağlayacak yeterlikte değildir. Bu nedenle uluslararası işbirliğini geliştirecek kurumsalyapılara her zamankinden fazla ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda NATO'nun kaydadeğer bilgi birikimi ve tecrübesi yanı sıra ispat edilmiş yetenekleri bulunmaktadır. İşte bunedenle NATO'da işe yarayan ve sorun çıkartan hususların belirlenmesi daha iyikurumsal tasarımların ortaya çıkartılmasını mümkün kılacak; bu sayede küreselgüvenliğin iyileştirilmesi için adım atılacaktır. Uluslararası politik ekonomi bu incelemekapsamında son derece etkin araçlara sahiptir. Güvenlik artan bir şekilde paylaşılan varlıkdurumuna gelmiştir. Birden fazla devletin paylaşılan varlık olarak tanımlanan güvenliğiortak olarak elde etmeleri için bazı kurumsal tedbirlere gereksinim bulunmaktadır. İsterküresel ister bölgesel olsun tüm güvenlik teşkilatları yapılarını bu esaslar çerçevesindetasarlamak zorunda kalacağından NATO'dan alınacak dersler büyük fayda sağlayacaktır. This research aims to examine institutional decision-making scheme in NATO through a political economy perspective using collective action theory. Together with globalizationcontemporary security environment has become more intertwined and complex than ever.No single country is able to overcome such heavy burden so that suitable institutionalmechanisms are needed. NATO has considerable background and proven capabilities inthis regard. Therefore, examining what is working well and what is not working in NATOcan enable better institutional designs towards global security. The international politicaleconomy provides prominent tools in this manner. Security has become more of a publicgood than ever before and collective action is required for many security-relatedproblems. Either regional or global, all security organizations have lessons to be learnedfrom NATO. 78
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- 2018
209. An analysis of China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) utilizing complex interdependence theory
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Gülsoy, Uluç, Cox, Sean Mıchael, and Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Küreselleşme Ana Bilim Dalı
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China ,Trade routes ,Economics ,International Relations ,CPEC ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Complex interdependence ,Pakistan ,Ekonomi - Abstract
Ekonomi, askeriye ve politika alanlarında son elli yıl içinde başarılanlar, Çin'i bir büyük güç yapmıştır. Bölgesel ve küresel güç dağılımında olan değişikliklerin pek çoğu Çin'in menfaatine hizmet etmiştir. Çin, küresel güç dengelerinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuştur. Çin'in gücünün sürdürülebilirliği, düzenli enerji ve ham madde ikmali ve ticaret yollarının güvenliği gibi dışsal etkenlere bağımlılık göstermektedir. The Belt and Road Initiative (Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Teşebbüsü) ve bu projenin bir parçası olan China Pakistan Economic Corridor (Çin Pakistan Ekonomik Koridoru) projesi bu tezin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bir küresel güç ve komünist ülke, devlet otoritesinin çok zayıf olduğu, büyük sorunlar içindeki bir başka ülkeye yatırım yapıyor. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa birliği gibi küresel yatırımcıların aksine, Pakistan'daki demokrasi seviyesi, hukukun üstünlüğü kuralının etkinliği gibi hususlar, Çin için yatırım yapmanın zorunlu bir ön kuralı olmamıştır. İki ülke arasında pek çok asimetri olduğu halde, CPEC projesi her iki taraf için de kazançlı sonuçlar yaratacaktır. Netice itibariyle CPEC projesi, Pakistan'ın ekonomik, askeri, politik ve sosyal gelişmesine hizmet ettiği kadar, Çin'in büyük güç politikalarına da hizmet edecektir. Bu tez, 21.yüzyıla ait olan CPEC projesinin, 70'li yıllara ait karmaşık bağımlılık teorisi şartlarını yerine getirip getirmediğini sorgulayıp, analiz edecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çin, Pakistan, CPEC, Karmaşık Bağımlılık Teorisi The economic, military and political achievements of the last five decades have made China a great power. Regional and global distribution of power are subject to major changes, in many occasions, in favor of China. China is an undeniable part of all global power equations. The sustainability of Chinese power depend on many external elements such as regular energy and raw material supply and security of trade routes. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its important stage, the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project is the important part of this thesis. A global power and a communist country is investing into a failing state/collapsing country. Unlike many other global investors, such as the United States and the European Union, the level of democracy or rule of law in Pakistan are not imperative pre-investment conditions for China. There are many asymmetries between the two countries but CPEC creates win-win results. The final frontier of CPEC not only serves the economic, military, politic and social development of Pakistan but it also serves the great power politics of China. This thesis will try to analyze and examine the compliance of the complex interdependence theory of 1970's with the CPEC project of 21st century.Keywords: China, Pakistan, CPEC, Complex Interdependence 77
- Published
- 2018
210. Marginal damage cost functions for particulate organic carbon loading from open-net pen salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada.
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Ayouqi, Hossein, Knowler, Duncan, Reid, Gregor, and Cox, Sean
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SALMON farming , *COLLOIDAL carbon , *COST functions , *DIRECT costing , *MARICULTURE - Abstract
Increasing production of salmon open-net pen culture has raised concerns about the negative impact of this aquaculture technology on the marine environment. In British Columbia (BC), Canada, benthic deposition of organic nutrients (faeces and waste feed) is identified as a potential source of localized environmental degradation from salmon farming. In this paper, we develop a marginal damage cost function to provide a quantitative monetary measure for potential environmental impacts of simulated salmon farms, representative of typical BC net pen sites. The development of the functions is done by integrating the outputs of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with the results of an organic deposition model (NewDEPOMOD). The resulting relationships can be used to find efficient policies and sustainable operation strategies that balance salmon production with the external cost to the marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
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211. Understanding the impact of positive and negative preconditions on a country's development
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Daudzai, Ahmad Sayer, Cox, Sean Mıchael, and Siyaset ve Sosyal Bilimler Ana Bilim Dalı
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Development policies ,Siyasal Bilimler ,Development finance institutions ,Developing cities ,Political Science ,Developed countries ,Business systems ,Businessmen ,Development assistances ,Development ,Developing countries - Abstract
Bu araştırma, azgelişmiş bir ülkenin, gelişmekte olan bir ülkeye dönüşmesinin birparçası olan çeşitli ön koşulları keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çevre kalkınmasınıetkinleştiren bu ön koşulların etkisi, onların göstermiş olduğu tesire göre sıralanır.Bu yazıda ele alınan ön koşullar, güvenlik, güçlü kurumlar, olumlu iklim / coğrafya,eğitim düzeyi, yolsuzluk seviyesi ve yüksek nüfus artışı oranıdır. Bu konulardevamlı olarak ekonomik, politik, sosyolojik ve insancıl çevrelerdetartışılmaktadır. Çok büyük öneme sahip olmasının nedeni, dünya nüfusununçoğunluğunun hâlâ yiyecek, eğitim, temiz içme suyu, sağlık bakımı ve çatışmavarlığı yüzünden milyarlarca insanın yoksulluğuyla ya da yakınında yaşamasıgerçeğidir, bunların hepsi azgelişmişliğin semptomlarıdır. Az gelişmiş bir ülkeden,gelişmekte olan bir ülkeye dönüşen bu karmaşık adım, bazı ülkeler tarafındanbaşarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fakat her başarılı geçiş için, kalkınmada başarısızolan birçok ülke olmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ön koşul, İlerleme, Güvenlik, Gelenek, Coğrafya, Tahsil,ahlaki çöküntü, nüfus büyüme This research aims to explore the various pre-conditions that are part of a country'stransition from being underdeveloped towards becoming a developing country. Theeffect of these pre-conditions on the enabling of the environment for developmentis ranked according to their impact. The pre-conditions discussed in this researchare security, strong institutions, favorable climate/geography, level of education,level of corruption, and high rate of population growth. These topics are regularlydiscussed in economic, political, sociological, and humanitarian circles. The reasonbehind its immense importance is the fact that the majority of the world'spopulation still lives in or close to poverty with billions of people suffering dailydue to a lack of food, education, clean drinking water, healthcare and the presenceof conflict, all of which are symptoms of underdevelopment. This complextransition from being an underdeveloped to a developing country has beensuccessfully achieved by some countries. But for every successful transition therehave been many countries that failed to succeed in the take-off towardsdevelopment.Keywords: Pre-conditions, Development, Security, 158
- Published
- 2017
212. Genetic structure in the Sherpa and neighboring Nepalese populations
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Nayia Petousi, Yunden Droma, Hugh Montgomery, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Choongwon Jeong, Sean Cox, Nobumitsu Kobayashi, Dhana Raj Aryal, Peter A. Robbins, Masao Ota, Amy M. Cole, Anna Di Rienzo, Paolo Gasparini, Masayuki Hanaoka, Cole, Amy M., Cox, Sean, Jeong, Choongwon, Petousi, Nayia, Aryal, Dhana R., Droma, Yunden, Hanaoka, Masayuki, Ota, Masao, Kobayashi, Nobumitsu, Gasparini, Paolo, Montgomery, Hugh, Robbins, Peter, Di Rienzo, Anna, and Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gene Flow ,Genotype ,Population structure ,Ethnic group ,Genetic relationship ,Principal component analysi ,Admixture ,Biology ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Gene flow ,03 medical and health sciences ,Consanguinity ,Asian People ,Nepal ,Nepalese ,Ethnicity ,Leukocytes ,Genetics ,Humans ,10. No inequality ,Principal component analysis ,Sherpa ,Subpopulations ,Tibetan ,Biotechnology ,Subpopulation ,Likelihood Functions ,Principal Component Analysis ,Chromosomes, Human, Y ,DNA ,030104 developmental biology ,Isolated population ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetic structure ,Gene pool ,Research Article - Abstract
Background We set out to describe the fine-scale population structure across the Eastern region of Nepal. To date there is relatively little known about the genetic structure of the Sherpa residing in Nepal and their genetic relationship with the Nepalese. We assembled dense genotype data from a total of 1245 individuals representing Nepal and a variety of different populations resident across the greater Himalayan region including Tibet, China, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kirghizstan. We performed analysis of principal components, admixture and homozygosity. Results We identified clear substructure across populations resident in the Himalayan arc, with genetic structure broadly mirroring geographical features of the region. Ethnic subgroups within Nepal show distinct genetic structure, on both admixture and principal component analysis. We detected differential proportions of ancestry from northern Himalayan populations across Nepalese subgroups, with the Nepalese Rai, Magar and Tamang carrying the greatest proportions of Tibetan ancestry. Conclusions We show that populations dwelling on the Himalayan plateau have had a clear impact on the Northern Indian gene pool. We illustrate how the Sherpa are a remarkably isolated population, with little gene flow from surrounding Nepalese populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3469-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2017
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213. Yükseköğretim kurumlarının ulusal alanda pazarlama çalışmaları Türkiye - Avrupa - Birleşik Krallık ve ABD kapsamlı analizi
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Öztürk, Nilgül, Cox, Sean Mıchael, and Pazarlama Ana Bilim Dalı
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Marketing ,Education marketing ,Social media ,Technology utilization ,Universities ,Higher education institutions ,Eğitim ve Öğretim ,Education system ,Education and Training ,Higher education system - Abstract
Yükseköğretim Kurumlarının Ulusal Alanda Pazarlama Çalışmalar tezi ile, pazarlamanın geçmişi, farklı ülkelerin yükseköğretim sistemlerinin incelenmesi ve örnek alınan üniversitelerin pazarlama çalışmalarını incelenerek karşılaştırılması esas alınmıştır. Pazarlama araçlarının eğitim sistemindeki önemi ve kullanımı üzerine belirlenen kurumların yapmış olduğu markalaşma, uluslararası öğrenci kayıtları ile ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Kurumların bulundukları ülkelerdeki eğitim sistemi ile birlikte teknolojinin, sosyal medya araçlarının kullanımının pazarlama çalışmalarını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Marketing of Higher Education Institution in International Area Thesis will evaluate history of marketing; compare their education systems and marketing tools at universities and colleges in different countries. It will explore a variety of trends that have developed within higher education marketing, enrollment, branding, and recruitment. Discussing a close consideration of how technology is impacting higher education, including emerging trends in the use of technology, social marketing channels and relationship marketing. 117
- Published
- 2016
214. Western Balkans in European Union: Case of Albania
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Topalli, Ilda, Cox, Sean Mıchael, Öner, Selcen, and Diğer
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International Relations ,Membership ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Full membership ,Albania ,Integration ,Balkans ,European Union - Abstract
Bu yazı Balkanlar ve Avrupa Birliği arasındaki ilişkiyi ayrıntılı inceliyor. En başından günümüze kadar Avrupa Birliği´ne giriş olanaklaarı oluşturmak ve buna bir fırsat kazanmak için bu ülkelerin tüm politikalarını analiz ediyor. Özellikle Arnavutluk ülkesi üzerine yoğunlaşarak, Avrupa Birliği´ne üye olmadan once katetmesi gerekne her aşamayı ve bugüne kadar atılmış her adımı araştırmamda paylaşıyorum. The Thesis analyses and examines the relation between the Balkans and European Union, since the very beginning of the negotiations until nowadays, the possibilities of the highly wanted European Integration and the measures that are being taken from all these countries in order to be able to earn an entry ticket to the Union. Concentrating specifically in the country of Albania the study tries to bring in focus all the steps a country should undertake before he becomes a full member of the European Union and what has been done so far. 55
- Published
- 2016
215. In the pits: teaching from the bottom up
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Sean M. Cox, Doğuş Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, and Cox, Sean M.
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Sociology and Political Science ,Mining engineering ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Political science ,Teacher ,Relevant Anecdotes ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Top-down and bottom-up design ,Education - Abstract
I felt compelled to write this brief essay after glancing through “The Teacher” section of the recent issues of PS. There are several articles exhorting young educators, soon-to-be educators, or those considering pursuing a career in academia to think about what it means to get in front of a classroom and impart that information which we believe will make a world of difference to our students. These eminent scholars with years of cumulative experience offer sage advice, relevant anecdotes, and a rosy perspective on how exploring alternative avenues of information dissemination will make the classroom experience more positive and fruitful for instructor and student alike.
- Published
- 2003
216. Orta Asya'da liderlik modellerinde tarihsel etkiler ve modern alternatifler
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Sean M. Cox, Doğuş Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, and Cox, Sean M.
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Leadership Models ,Geography ,Central Asia ,Orta Asya ,Democratic Transition ,Central asia ,Kemalism ,Demokratik Dönüşüm ,Cartography ,Humanities ,Liderlik Modelleri ,Kemalizm - Abstract
The 1991 demise of the Soviet Union that led to the emancipation of many Central Asian states, also led to a grab for power by a variety of leadership types. Although the characteristics of leadership types in the 1990s were diverse, few followed the pattern of Samuel Huntington's Third Wave of authoritarian transition, whereby authoritarian regimes were abandoned in favor of democratically elected and democratically oriented governments. Historically, Eurasia has had little experience with popular government. This is reflected in the general characteristics of leadership types in the post-Soviet era, which closely follow three regional historical influences - the early Islamic Emperors, the Mongolian Khans and the Russian Tsars (and later Soviet leaders). This article examines the historic influences on Eurasian leadership types and the impact of these types on the politics, societies and economies of these same states. It will be argued that at the current stage of political development, it would ultimately benefit the states of Central Asia to follow, at this time, the most successful Eurasian model to date, that of Kemal Atatürk and Turkey, rather than to push for a fully participatory democracy or sustain the post-Soviet personal dictatorships that have prospered throughout Central Asia. Sovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşü Orta Asya’da bir çok yeni devletin ortaya çıkmasına ve çeşitli yönetim modellerinin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. 1990’lar sonrası yönetim modelleri çeşitlilik göstermesine rağmen bunlardan çok az bir kısmı Samuel Huntington’ın otoriter rejimlerin dönüşümünde Üçüncü Dalga olarak adlandırdığı yolu izlemiştir. Bu tez, demokratik sistemler ve demokratik yollarla seçilmiş hükümetlerin otoriter rejimlere her zaman tercih edileceğini savunmaktadır. Ancak, tarihsel olarak bakıldığında Avrasya bölgesinde seçimle gelen hükümetlere ilişkin deneyimin çok az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum Sovyetler Birliği’nin yıkılması sonrasındaki yönetim modellerinin özelliklerinde de gözlenmektedir. Söz konusu yönetim modelleri esasen üç tarihsel dönemin etkilerinin sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlar İslam imparatorları, Moğol Hanları ve Rus Çarlarının (ve daha sonraki Sovyet liderlerinin) dönemleridir. Bu çalışmada, Avrasya yönetim modellerinin tarihsel etkileri incelenmekte ve bunların söz konusu bölge ülkelerindeki siyasete, topluma ve ekonomik yapılara ne şekilde yansıdığı tartışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, halihazırdaki siyasi gelişim seviyeleri çerçevesinde söz konusu ülkelerin, günümüze kadar görülen en başarılı Avrasya modeli olan Türkiye’yi ve Kemal Atatürk’ü örnek almalarının, tam katılımcı demokrasiye geçiş veya Sovyetler sonrası diktatörlük rejimleri alternatiflerine göre çok daha yararlı olacağı belirtilmektedir.
- Published
- 2002
217. Chronic hepatitis C elimination prison initiative: HCV-intensive test and treat, a whole prisoner population HCV test-and-treat program in England.
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Halford R, Christensen L, Cox S, Sheehan J, Brew I, Gillyon-Powell M, Threadgold G, O'Moore É, Troke PJF, and Jones A
- Abstract
Background and Aim: Prison residents are at high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV test-and-treat initiatives within prisons provide an opportunity to engage with prison residents and achieve HCV micro-elimination. The aim of the prison HCV-intensive test and treat initiative was to screen over 95% of all prison residents for HCV infection within a defined number of days determined by the size of the prison population and to initiate treatment within 7-14 days of a positive HCV RNA diagnosis., Methods: An HCV-intensive test and treat toolkit was developed based on learnings from pilot HCV-intensive test and treat events. From January 2020 to September 2021, 13 HCV-intensive test and treat events took place at prisons in England selected based on high levels of reception blood-borne virus testing and good access to peers from The Hepatitis C Trust., Results: Among a total of 8487 residents, 8139 (95.9%) underwent testing for HCV. Across the 13 prisons included, HCV antibody and RNA prevalence was 8.2% and 1.5%, respectively. The treatment initiation rate among HCV RNA-positive individuals ( n = 124) was 79.0%., Conclusion: The HCV-intensive test and treat initiative presented here provides a feasible and rapid test-and-treat process to achieve HCV elimination within individual prisons. The HCV-intensive test and treat toolkit can be adapted for rapid HCV testing and treatment events at other prisons in the United Kingdom and worldwide., Competing Interests: Iain Brew has received honoraria from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, and consulting fees and support for attending meetings from Gilead Sciences. Andy Jones is an employee of and owns stock in Gilead Sciences. Philip Troke was an employee of Gilead Sciences at the time of engagement in this project; he is now an employee of GSK and owns shares in both Gilead Sciences and GSK. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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218. Chinook salmon diversity contributes to fishery stability and trade-offs with mixed-stock harvest.
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Connors BM, Siegle MR, Harding J, Rossi S, Staton BA, Jones ML, Bradford MJ, Brown R, Bechtol B, Doherty B, Cox S, and Sutherland BJG
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- Animals, Ecosystem, Conservation of Natural Resources, Canada, Fisheries, Salmon genetics
- Abstract
Variation among populations in life history and intrinsic population characteristics (i.e., population diversity) helps maintain resilience to environmental change and dampen interannual variability in ecosystem services. As a result, ecological variation, and the processes that generate it, is considered central to strategies for managing risks to ecosystems in an increasingly variable and uncertain world. However, characterizing population diversity is difficult, particularly in large and remote regions, which often prevents its formal consideration in management advice. We combined genetic stock identification of archived scale and tissue samples with state-space run-reconstruction models to estimate migration timing and annual return abundance for eight geographically and genetically distinct Chinook salmon populations within the Canadian portion of the Yukon River. We found that among-population variation in migration timing and return abundances resulted in aggregate return migrations that were 2.1 times longer and 1.4 times more stable than if they had composed a single homogeneous population. We then fit state-space spawner-recruitment models to the annual return abundances to characterize among-population diversity in intrinsic productivity and population size and their consequences for the fisheries they support. Productivity and carrying capacity varied among populations by approximately 2.4-fold (2.9 to 6.9 recruits per spawner) and three-fold (8800 to 27,000 spawners), respectively. This diversity implies an equilibrium trade-off between harvesting of the population aggregate and the conservation of individual populations whereby the harvest rate predicted to maximize aggregate harvests comes at the cost of overfishing ~40% of the populations but with a relatively low risk of extirpating the weakest ones. Our findings illustrate how population diversity in one of the largest salmon-producing river basins in the world contributes to fishery stability and food security in a region where salmon have high cultural and subsistence value. More generally, our work demonstrates the utility of molecular analyses of archived biological material for characterizing diversity in biological systems and its benefits and consequences for trade-offs in decision-making., (© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Forcing axioms and the complexity of non-stationary ideals.
- Author
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Cox S and Lücke P
- Abstract
We study the influence of strong forcing axioms on the complexity of the non-stationary ideal on ω 2 and its restrictions to certain cofinalities. Our main result shows that the strengthening MM + + of Martin's Maximum does not decide whether the restriction of the non-stationary ideal on ω 2 to sets of ordinals of countable cofinality is Δ 1 -definable by formulas with parameters in H ( ω 3 ) . The techniques developed in the proof of this result also allow us to prove analogous results for the full non-stationary ideal on ω 2 and strong forcing axioms that are compatible with CH . Finally, we answer a question of S. Friedman, Wu and Zdomskyy by showing that the Δ 1 -definability of the non-stationary ideal on ω 2 is compatible with arbitrary large values of the continuum function at ω 2 ., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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