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Coconut (Cocos nucifera) sap is one of the natural drinks, being traditionally tapped from unopened inflorescences of the coconut palms. In the present study, microbial quality of coconut sap that was collected using three methods; Treatment 1: application of hal bark (Vateria copallifera) to the 4L clay pots (TM), Treatment 2: Novel sap collection method (NSM), Treatment 3: application of 5g of hal bark in to 30 cm X 50 cm polythene bag in 4L clay pots (MTM) were evaluated. Sap was collected for 12 h duration and Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast and Mold Count (YMC) were determined. Colonies were isolated and preserved. DNA extractions of microbes were done by CTAB (Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) method with modification. ITS1 forward and ITS4 reverse primers were used to identify yeast species and 27 forward and 1492 reverse primers were used for the bacterial species in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Amplified products were separated using 1.5 % agarose gel and purified DNA was sent into Macrogene Korea for sequencing. Four types (A, B, C and D) of distinct microbial colonies were isolated from the differently collected coconut sap samples. DNA homology data revealed that, A is Naumannella halotolerans only presented in NSM. B and C Serratia marcescens, are Achromobacter xylosoxidans contained in TM and MTM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D) was found in all the collection system. The collection method affects for the microbial quality and quantity of unfermented coconut sap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-based archival tags are increasingly being used on free- ranging marine vertebrates to study their movements using geolocation estimates. These methods use algorithms that incorporate threshold light techniques to determine longitude and latitude. More recently, researchers have begun using sea surface temperature (SST) to determine latitude in temperate regions. The accuracy and application of these algorithms have not been validated on free-ranging birds. Errors in both geolocation methods were quantified by double-tagging Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis Rothschild) and black-footed (P. nigripes Audubon) albatrosses with both leg-mounted archival tags that measured SST and ambient light, and satellite transmitters. Laysan albatrosses were captured and released from breeding colonies on Tern Island, northwestern Hawaiian Islands (23 degrees 52'N, 166 degrees 17'W) and Guadalupe Island, Mexico (28 degrees 31'N, 118 degrees 10'W) and black-footed albatrosses from Tern Island. Studies were carried out between December 2002 and March 2003. For all birds combined, the mean +/- SD great circle (GC) distance between light-based locations and satellite-derived locations was 400 +/- 298 km (n=131). Errors in geolocation positions were reduced to 202 +/- 171 km (n=154) when light-based longitude and SST-based latitude (i.e. SST/light) were used to establish locations. The SST/light method produced comparable results for two Laysan albatross populations that traveled within distinctly different oceanic regions (open ocean vs more coastal) whereas light-based methods produced greater errors in the coastal population. Archival tags deployed on black-footed albatrosses returned a significantly higher proportion of lower-quality locations, which was attributed to interference of the light sensor on the tag. Overall, the results demonstrate that combining measures of light-based longitude and SST-based latitude significantly reduces the error in location estimates for albatrosses and can provide valid latitude estimates during the equinoxes, when light-based latitude measurements are indeterminate.

Field metabolic rates (FMR) and activity patterns of black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophrys were measured while at sea and on nest during the incubation stage at Kerguelen Island, southwestern Indian Ocean. Activity-specific metabolic rates of five albatrosses at sea (FMRat-sea) were measured using doubly labeled water (DLW), and by equipping birds with wet-dry activity data loggers that determined when birds were in flight or on the water. The metabolic rates of four birds incubating their eggs (FMRon-nest) were also measured using DLW. The mean+/-SD FMRat-sea of albatrosses was 611+/-96 kJ kg(-1) d(-1) compared to FMRon-nest of 196+/-52 0 kg(-1) d(-1). While at sea, albatrosses spent 52.9+/-8.2% (N = 3) of their time in flight and they landed on the water 41.2+/-13.9 times per day. The FMR of black-browed albatrosses appear to be intermediate to that of three other albatross species. Based on at-sea activity, the power requirement of flight was estimated to be 8.7 W kg(-1) (or 4.0 x predicted BMR), which is high compared to other albatross species, but may be explained by the high activity levels of the birds when at sea. The FMRat-sea of albatrosses, when scaled with body mass, are lower than other seabirds of similar body size, which probably reflects the economical nature of their soaring flight.

Jaqueline S da Silva,1 Daniele Gabriel-Costa,1 Roberto T Sudo,1 Hao Wang,2 Leanne Groban,2 Emanuele B Ferraz,3 José Hamilton M Nascimento,3 Carlos Alberto M Fraga,1 Eliezer J Barreiro,1 Gisele Zapata-Sudo1 1Research Program Development of Drugs, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; 3Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Background: This work evaluated the hypothesis that 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl-2- thienylhydrazone (LASSBio-294), an agonist of adenosine A2A receptor, could be beneficial for preventing cardiac dysfunction due to hypertension associated with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into four groups (six animals per group): sham-operation (SHR-Sham), and myocardial infarction rats (SHR-MI) were treated orally either with vehicle or LASSBio-294 (10 and 20 mg.kg-1.d-1) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamic parameters measured left ventricle (LV) structure and function. Exercise tolerance was evaluated using a treadmill test. Cardiac remodeling was accessed by LV collagen deposition and tumor necrosis factor α expression. Results: Early mitral inflow velocity was significantly reduced in the SHR-MI group, and there was significant recovery in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with LASSBio-294. Exercise intolerance observed in the SHR-MI group was prevented by 10 mg.kg-1.d-1 of LASSBio-294, and exercise tolerance exceeded that of the SHR-Sham group at 20 mg.kg-1.d-1. LV end-diastolic pressure increased after MI, and this was prevented by 10 and 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 of LASSBio-294. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase levels were restored in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with LASSBio-294. Fibrosis and inflammatory processes were also counteracted by LASSBio-294, with reductions in LV collagen deposition and tumor necrosis factor α expression. Conclusion: In summary, oral administration of LASSBio-294 after MI in a dose-dependent manner prevented the development of cardiac dysfunction, demonstrating this compound’s potential as an alternative treatment for heart failure in the setting of ischemic heart disease with superimposed chronic hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, myocardial infarction, LASSBio-294 and agonist of adenosine receptor A2A

With the transition from the paradigm of the Industrial Age to the Knowledge Age,management of intangible assets has become essential for the success and survival oforganizations. In this sense, in order to improve the management of the knowledge producedat the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina campus Araranguá, this work is mainly focused onidentifying which knowledge management practices exist in this institution. Thus, with theresults expected that it has a clearer view of the procedures for creating, developing, storingand sharing your knowledge. For it was made an exploratory research where by means of aquestionnaire, containing eighteen knowledge management practices, we identified whichexist in the organization from the point of view of their managers. With the results it wasconcluded that the institution makes use of all the identified practices, even if informally,especially Patent and Trademark Management. This highlights the concern of the campuswith the management of their knowledge, the potential of which adds value to their servicesenhancing regional development and ensuring the fulfillment of its mission.