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Aspergillus fumigatus(Af) se propage sous forme de spores qui peuvent pénétrer dans le tractus respiratoire où elles sont éliminées par le système de défense immunitaire innée. En présence d’un déficit immunitaire, les spores peuvent former des filaments. Nous avons montré que les cellules épithéliales bronchiques (CEB) infectées par Afsont activées en présence des filaments et synthétisent, une chimiokine pro-inflammatoire, l’interleukine 8 (IL-8) [1]. Les ligands fongiques et les récepteurs cellulaires impliqués dans cette interaction ne sont pas connus. Une équoipe a mis en évidence que EphA2 (ephrin type-À récepteur 2), un récepteur exprimé par les cellules épithéliales orales, interagissait avec une levure, Candidaalbicans, et induisait la synthèse d’IL-8 via l’activation de EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) et du facteur de transcription STAT3 [2]. En nous basant sur ces données, notre but est de décrire les voies de signalisation cellulaires et d’identifier les ligands fongiques impliqués dans la réponse inflammatoire des CEB infectées par Af.

Objective To describe the spontaneous evolution of age-related changes affecting knee joint articular cartilage, walking speed and a serum biomarker of cartilage remodeling in C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice.Design Histological changes were assessed by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score (0=normal, 6=vertical clefts/erosion to the calcified cartilage extending >75% of the articular surface) in newborn, 1-week- and 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month-old C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice, walking speed by the Locotronic system, and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) content by ELISA in 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice.Results Mean (SD) OARSI score significantly increased from 0.2 (0.3) to 1.3 (0.6) (p=0.03) between 1 and 3 months of age and from 1.3 (0.6) to 3.3 (0.6) (p=0.04) between 3 and 6 months of age. Mean walking speed was stable between 1 and 6 months of age but significantly decreased from 11.4 (1.8) to 3.2 (0.8) cm.s-1 (p=0.03) between 6 and 9 months of age. Serum CTX-II content was maximal at 1 month of age, then decreased from 12.2 (8.5) to 2.4 (8.4) pg/ml (p=0.02) between 1 and 3 months of age, remaining low and stable thereafter.Conclusions C57BL/6-JRj wild-type male mice showed continuously increasing osteoarthritic changes but delayed decreasing walking speed with age. These variations were maximal between 3 and 9 months of age. Maximal serum CTX-II content preceded these changes.

Le pronostic des troubles du contrôle des impulsions (TCI) reste peu étudié dans la maladie de Parkinson (MP).

MRI abnormalities included cerebrovascular lesions, perfusion abnormalities, cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum, intensive care unit–related complications, white matter–enhancing lesions, and basal ganglia abnormalities.

Little information is available on the official postgraduate and subspecialty training programs in movement disorders (MD) in Europe and North Africa. To survey the accessible MD clinical training in these regions. We designed a survey on clinical training in MD in different medical fields, at postgraduate and specialized levels. We assessed the characteristics of the participants and the facilities for MD care in their respective countries. We examined whether there are structured, or even accredited postgraduate, or subspecialty MD training programs in neurology, neurosurgery, internal medicine, geriatrics, neuroradiology, neuropediatrics, and general practice. Participants also shared their suggestions and needs. The survey was completed in 31/49 countries. Structured postgraduate MD programs in neurology exist in 20 countries; structured neurology subspecialty training exists in 14 countries and is being developed in two additional countries. Certified neurology subspecialty training was reported to exist in 7 countries. Recommended reading lists, printed books, and other materials are the most popular educational tools, while courses, lectures, webinars, and case presentations are the most popular learning formats. Mandatory activities and skills to be certified were not defined in 15/31 countries. Most participants expressed their need for a mandatory postgraduate MD program and for certified MD sub-specialization programs in neurology. Certified postgraduate and subspecialty training exists only in a minority of European countries and was not found in the surveyed Egypt and Tunisia. MD training should be improved in many countries.

Blood pressure is an important measure for monitoring hypertension and other cardiac diseases. Learned societies recommend following specific guidelines when measuring it. With the growing market of connected sensors, also known as the Internet of Things, the general public can be guided in performing a blood pressure measurement in compliance with international recommendations. In this article, we address commercialized blood pressure monitors and discuss how it is possible to improve measurement reliability by combining data from different sources in accordance with guidelines. To this purpose, we investigate the connected sensors market and determine which recommendations can be checked by commercialized sensors to guide users in performing a reliable blood pressure measurement.

Bien que la mucoviscidose soit une maladie monogénique, une diversité phénotypique considérable est observée chez des patients portant les mêmes mutations de CFTR. Grâce au développement d’outils nouveaux et puissants pour la réalisation d’études génétiques, de nombreux gènes appelés « gènes modificateurs » ont été découverts comme étant associés à la sévérité de l’atteinte pulmonaire chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Parmi ces gènes, le gène SLC6A14 pourrait moduler la réponse anti-infectieuse et l’intégrité de l’épithélium des voies aériennes, constituant ainsi une cible thérapeutique potentielle pour améliorer la fonction respiratoire des patients.

Le principe du traitement de la maladie de Parkinson repose sur le remplacement dopaminergique pour corriger les symptômes moteurs. La levodopa, précurseur de la dopamine, reste le traitement de référence auquel s’associent les agonistes dopaminergiques ou des inhibiteurs du métabolisme de la dopamine. L’optimisation du traitement est nécessaire pour retarder puis traiter les complications motrices (fluctuations et dyskinésies). Quand l’équilibre thérapeutique ne peut être obtenu, le recours à des traitements de seconde ligne peut être nécessaire pour rétablir la stimulation dopaminergique continue par stimulation intracérébrale ou par administration continue de médicaments dopaminergiques à l’aide de dispositifs médicaux. Des développements pharmacologiques récents ont permis d’élargir l’arsenal thérapeutique des médicaments dopaminergiques et d’améliorer les dispositifs médicaux de stimulation continue. Ces améliorations incrémentielles offrent la possibilité de personnaliser au mieux la prise en charge des patients mais aucun traitement n’est aujourd’hui capable de stopper ou même de ralentir la progression de la maladie de Parkinson. Les progrès scientifiques ont permis d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques qui devront être testées dans des sous-populations homogènes de patients stratifiés sur la base de leurs mécanismes.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, among which impulse control disorders behaviors (ICD) emerge as significant non-motor manifestations. ICD in PD patients, including pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive buying, among others, lead to considerable impairment and reduced quality of life. This review aims to explore the multifaceted risk factors associated with ICD in PD patients, including clinical, pharmacological, and genetic aspects, to enhance early identification, prevention, and management strategies.

One of the objectives of the French expert centers for Parkinson's disease (NS-Park) network was to determine a consensus procedure for assessing cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's. This article presents this procedure and briefly describes the selected tests.

The SERPINA1Z allele is associated with cystic fibrosis (CF)-related liver disease (CFLD), a common manifestation in patients with CF. We estimated CFLD incidence based on the SERPINA1genotype in 3328 CF patients with CFLD-phenotype information.

Cognitive impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting approximately 40 to 70% of patients. We developed a psycho-educational program (ADACOG program) to allow patients to cope with cognitive deficits. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the impact of the ADACOG program on subjective self-reported cognitive impairments, quality of life, anxiety, depression and self-esteem in MS patients.