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The primary pollutants emitted from mobile sources have become one of the main sources of urban air pollution. In this study, the primary pollutants CO, HC, NOx and PM from mobile sources in Zibo city, China are studied. Firstly, the localized mobile-source pollutant emission factors are corrected using vehicle emission experiments; secondly, multi-source data fusion is performed using road network data, road traffic data, air quality and meteorological data; then, the corrected pollutant emission factors and multi-source data are used to construct a localized emission measurement model and dispersion simulation model, visualize the emission distribution and propose residual concentration correction to accurately obtain the pollutant sharing rate. The results show that the pollutant emission trends are highly coupled with the distribution of urban residents’ working hours. Based on the localized dispersion model used to analyze the pollutant traceability at air monitoring stations, the emission sharing rate of NOx is the largest, and according to the analysis of the changing trend of mobile-source emission sharing rate, the mobile source pollutants in Zibo are mainly influenced by pollutant emissions from road motor vehicles. This study provides data support and a theoretical basis for the management of the transportation industry to carry out exhaust gas control of motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery and to make decisions related to improving the air environment (delineating the scope of low emission zones).

Pd-based heterogeneous nanocatalysts have wide application in chemical industry. However, the traditional synthesis process contains multi-steps such as impregnation, dry, calcination and reduction. The pre-synthesis nanoparticles process can reduce the steps, but need to remove the surfactants, which are added in the synthesis process. In this work, a facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis process named as single molecular precursor method was successfully developed to prepare Pd/Mg(OH)2 heterogeneous nanocatalysts with clean surface. The as-synthesized Pd/Mg(OH)2 heterogeneous nanocatalysts show excellent performance for CO direct esterification to dimethyl oxalate (DMO). The WTY (weight time yield) of DMO can reach the high-performance of 2544 g kgcat.−1 h−1, while the conversion of CO is 62.6% and selectivity to DMO is 90.8%. The single molecular precursor method developed by this work can be extended to other supported noble metal nanocatalysts.

Numerical modeling based on volume of fluid (VOF) method is conducted and experimentally validated for the two-phase flow and heat transfer in a loop thermosyphon for wide filling ratios. The resul...

Charge-separated states with a lifetime scale of seconds or longer not only favor studies using various steady-state analysis techniques but are important for light-energy conversion and other applications. Through a steric-hindrance-induced method, unprecedented photoinduced generation of a partially charge separated (PCS) state with a lifetime of days has been detected in the "visual" mode during the decay of excited states to a commonly observed fully charge separated (FCS) state for viologen analogues. One pale yellow 4,4'-bipyridine-based metalloviologen compound, with an interannular dihedral angle of 1.84° in 4,4'-bipyridine, directly decays to the purple FCS state after photoexcitation. The other pale yellow compound, with a similar coordination framework but a larger interannular dihedral angle (33.74°), changes first to a yellow PCS state and then relaxes slowly (in the dark in Ar, ca. 2 days; 70 °C in Ar, ca. 1 h) to the purple FCS state. The two-step coloration phenomenon is unprecedented for viologen compounds and their analogues and also rather rare for other photochromic species. EPR and Raman data reveal that photoinduced charge separation first generates univalent zinc and radicals and then the received electron in Zn(I) slowly distributes further to 4,4'-bipyridine. Reduction of π-conjugation and a direct to indirect change in band gap account for the prolongation of the relaxation process and the capture of the PCS state. These findings help to understand and control decay processes of excited states and provide a potential design strategy for multicolor photochromism, light-energy conversion with high efficiency, or other applications.

Erasable inkless printing and anti-counterfeiting are two important applications of photochromic materials. However, there are few studies that focus on their different requirements of fading time....

Production of ethylene glycol from coal is a particularly interesting route as it is an economic alternative to the petrochemical-based route. In this process, effectively generating dimethyl oxalate (DMO) is a crucial step by CO oxidative coupling reaction under Pd-based catalysts. However, the aggregation of Pd species over the support is still an issue that relates to the deterioration of catalytic activity and stability. To this end, enhancing the metal–support interaction is urgently required. In this work, hierarchical Nb2O5 (H-Nb2O5) microspheres with abundant oxygen defects were synthesized to anchor the Pd species thus promoting the electron transfer between Pd species and Nb species associated with the generation of interfacial Pd-NbOx sites. Besides, the thinned electron density of Pd species resulting from the electron-withdrawing effect of Nb species is beneficial for activating the adsorbed CO molecules, leading to superior catalytic activity. The Pd/H-Nb2O5 catalyst exhibited 63.1% of CO conversion (theoretical maximum conversion: 64.3%) and 92.9% of DMO selectivity, with a DMO weight time yield of 1297.9 g kgcat.−1 h−1, and remained robust even after 50 h of time on stream evaluation. Current work provides a deep insight into the CO activation mechanism and helps improve the catalytic stability by boosting interfacial electron interaction via oxygen defects induction, and also sheds light on the design and synthesis of high-performance catalysts in other heterogeneous catalysis fields.

The nonlinear optical (NLO) efficiency (dij) and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of a material are mainly determined by their covalency and ionicity, respectively, the incompatibility between which makes balancing the dij and LIDT challenging in an IR NLO material. The topological feature (fractal dimension) of the electron localization function (ELF) map (distribution of covalency and ionicity) was evaluated for a series of NLO materials, and, phenomenologically, the fine mixing of covalency and ionicity will benefit a balanced dij and LIDT. Chemical bonds with different interaction strengths were introduced simultaneously to mix the covalency and iconicity finely, and three new IR NLO sulfides, A2Ba3Li6Ga28S49 (A = K, 1; Rb, 2; Cs, 3), were obtained. They exhibit a strong NLO efficiency (1.9–2.1 × AgGaS2 at 1064 nm and 0.5–0.6 × AgGaS2 at 1910 nm) and high LIDTs (16.7–18.0 × AgGaS2), which fulfill the criteria of being promising IR NLO candidates. This study provides a new method for designing high-performance IR NLO materials based on the topological features of the ELF.

Solid-state materials with adjustable luminescence properties have always been a research hotspot due to their potential applications in optical data recording, display and ink-free printing. Further research on the multiform light-controlled luminescent switches will create a new perspective. We synthesized two isostructural compounds, namely [Me(ipbp)Cl] H2O (ipbp = 1-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium, Me = Cd (1), Me = Zn (2)). In the solid-state, they not only show excitation-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence emission in a wide spectral range but also exhibit good time-dependent photoluminescence emission. This study could provide a broad perspective for the development of multiform light-controlled luminescent switches.

By increasing contact between pre-existing paramagnetic centers and photoinduced radicals, a photochromic single-molecule magnet with large magnetization change (+20.9%) at room temperature and paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition was successfully achieved. The increasing amplitude of magnetization was the largest among the radical-based photomagnetic systems.

Luminescent multidentate naphthalene-sulfonic moieties and non-toxic barium ions worked synergistically to fabricate scintillating barium-based metal–organic frameworks into latent applications of X-ray dosage detection with their merited intrinsic energy resolution.

Photochromic materials with different color changes are highly desirable for color indicators, anticounterfeiting marks, decoration, and other applications. Group modification and coordination with...

Mixed-anionic compounds have caught considerable attention due to their flexible coordination manners and abundant physical properties. Four new chalcohalides RbIn

The dramatic miniaturization and integration of electronic devices call for next-generation thermally conductive interface materials with higher service performance and long-term stability. In addition to enhancing the inherent thermal conductivity of materials, it is noteworthy to pay attention to the thermal contact resistance. Herein, we synthesized a polyurethane with hierarchical hydrogen bonding to realize high surface adhesion with substrates; another key was incorporating aluminum oxide modified by a deformable liquid metal to improve the thermo-conductive capability and offer the freedom of polymeric segmental motions. These molecular and structural designs endow the composite with high isotropic thermal conductivity, electrical insulation and temperature-responsive reversible adhesion, which enable low thermal resistance and durable thermal contact with substrates without the need for external pressure.

As auxins are among the most important phytohormones, the regulation of auxin homeostasis is complex. Generally, auxin conjugates, especially IAA glucosides, are predominant at high auxin levels. Previous research on terminal glucosylation focused mainly on the O-position, while IAA-N-glucoside and IAA-Asp-N-glucoside have been neglected since their discovery in 2001. In our study, IAA-Asp-N-glucoside was found to be specifically abundant (as high as 4.13 mg/g) in the seeds of 58 ginkgo cultivars. Furthermore, a novel N-glucosyltransferase, termed GbNGT1, was identified via differential transcriptome analysis and in vitro enzymatic testing. It was found that GbNGT1 could catalyze IAA-Asp and IAA to form their corresponding N-glucosides. The enzyme was demonstrated to possess a specific catalytic capacity toward the N-position of the IAA-amino acid or IAA from 52 substrates. Docking and site-directed mutagenesis of this enzyme confirmed that the E15G mutant could almost completely abolish its N-glucosylation ability toward IAA-Asp and IAA in vitro and in vivo. The IAA modification of GbNGT1 and GbGH3.5 was verified by transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. The effect of GbNGT1 on IAA distribution promotes root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Exploration of a new nonlinear optical (NLO)-active functional motif is important in the rational design of promising infrared (IR) NLO materials. Compared with typical tetrahedral MQ4 (M = IIB, II...

The conformation of glutathione is of great significance for its biological function. In this study, the absorption spectra of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in the frequency range of 0.5–12.0 THz were obtained by air plasma terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The results demonstrated that GSH had rich characteristic absorption peaks in the THz region, while GSSG presented a monotonous absorption spectrum without obvious peaks. Combined with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), GSH had a certain crystal structure and GSSG was amorphous, suggesting that the THz spectroscopy was sensitive to the molecular structure and crystal form. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation based on the GSH crystal structure was performed to simulate the THz absorption spectrum and analyze the vibrational property. The result showed that GSH molecule could form rich inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds which helped to constrain flexible peptide. Lattice vibrations and hydrogen bonds of GSH could effectively resonate with THz waves. The different THz absorption peaks of GSH corresponded to different collective or local molecular vibrations which were closely related to the hydrogen bonding interactions. The study may help to deepen the understanding of GSH molecular conformation and weak interactions.

Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common ophthalmology diseases. With the improvement of non-invasive tear extraction methods, tear protein analysis becomes a best choice for the diagnosis and evaluation of efficacy of dry eye. Methods that have been used for tear proteomics research include protein chip technology and mass spectrometry. The relationship between the protein in the tear fluid and its concentration and different pathological conditions has important value in the research of dry eye syndromes. This article reviews the latest developments in the field, the application of tear proteomics research and current practical issues,it will provide highlights for the understanding of molecular mechanism of dry eye syndromes and benefits for potential molecular diagnosis of dry eye syndromes in the future.

In virtue of high capacity and low manufacturing expense, transition metal carbonates (TMCs) have recently arisen enormous research interests as the anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the low electrical conductivity and unstable cycle performance impeded their further development. In this work, Co-B compounds are surface-engineered for the first time onto the mixed single-phase Mn0.33Co0.67CO3 microspheres to accelerate the reaction kinetics and suppress the volume fluctuation of the electrodes during Li+ insertion/extraction. Specifically, Co-B nanoflakes not only function as the robust mechanical bridges between Mn0.33Co0.67CO3 primary nanoparticles, but also provide extra pathways for electron/charge transport, both of which facilitate the improvement of electrochemical behaviors. Morever, the synergetic effect between Mn0.33Co0.67CO3 and Co-B nanoflakes allow a high flux of Li+ across the interface to provide signifcantly boosted Li+ diffusivity. Impressively, the Mn0.33Co0.67CO3@Co-B electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 806 mA h g−1 over 500 cycles at a high rate of 1.0 A g−1, demonstrating its superior cycling stability. Therefore, surface engineering of borides may be an effective and promising way to improve the electrochemical behaviors of conversion type anodes like TMCs.

Noncentrosymmetry (NCS) is a prerequisite for second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In this work, a new polycation-substitution-induced centrosymmetry (CS)-to-NCS transformation strategy was applied in CS RbGaS2, affording two novel NCS salt-inclusion chalcogenides: [ABa2Cl][Ga4S8] (A = Rb, 1; Cs, 2). Remarkably, they exhibit the key merits of both Vis and IR NLO candidates, including strong phase-matchable second harmonic generation intensities (10.4-15.3 × KH2PO4 at 1064 nm; 0.9-1.0 × AgGaS2 at 1910 nm), high laser-induced damage thresholds (11-12 × AgGaS2), and a wide transparent window. Their prominent NLO performances originate from the orderly packing of T2-supertetrahedral Ga4S10 motifs resulting from the template effect of acentric polycation [ClA2Ba3]7+. The CS-to-NCS transformation first realized by polycation-substitution-induced NLO-functional motif ordering provides an effective approach for designing new NLO materials.

The accessory sec system consisting of seven conserved components is commonly distributed among pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria for the secretion of serine-rich-repeat proteins (SRRPs). Asp1/2/3 protein complex in the system is responsible for both the O-acetylation of GlcNAc and delivering SRRPs to SecA2. However, the molecular mechanism of how Asp1/2/3 transport SRRPs remains unknown. Here, we report the complex structure of Asp1/2/3 from Streptococcus pneumoniae at 2.9 A. Further functional assays indicated that Asp1/2/3 can stimulate the ATPase activity of SecA2. In addition, the deletion of asp1/2/3 gene resulted in the accumulation of a secreted version of PsrP with an altered glycoform in protoplast fraction of the mutant cell, which suggested the modification/transport coupling of the substrate. Altogether, these findings not only provide structural basis for further investigations on the transport process of SRRPs, but also uncover the indispensable role of Asp1/2/3 in the accessory sec system.

Extending photoresponse ranges of semiconductors to the entire ultraviolet–visible (UV)–shortwave near-infrared (SWIR) region (ca. 200–3000 nm) is highly desirable to reduce complexity and cost of photodetectors or to promote power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The observed up limit of photoresponse for organic-based semiconductors is about 1800 nm, far from covering the UV–SWIR region. Here we develop a cyanide-bridged layer-directed intercalation approach and obtain a series of two viologen-based 2D semiconductors with multispectral photoresponse. In these compounds, infinitely π-stacked redox-active N-methyl bipyridinium cations with near-planar structures are sandwiched by cyanide-bridged MnII–FeIII or ZnII–FeIII layers. Radical–π interactions among the infinitely π-stacked N-methyl bipyridinium components favor the extension of absorption range. Both semiconductors show light/thermo-induced color change with the formation of stable radicals. They have intrinsic photocurrent response in the range of at least 355–2400 nm, which exceeds all reported values for known single-component organic-based semiconductors., Developing new materials with broadband photoresponse is highly desirable for realizing commercial photodetectors with extended detection ranges. Here, the authors report a cyanide-bridged layer-directed intercalation approach to design viologen compounds with enhanced broadband photoresponse.

Liquid noble gases are widely used as targets in low background search experiments, particularly in direct dark matter search experiments. 83mKr is an excellent low-energy internal calibration source for future larger liquid noble gas detectors. To calibrate liquid argon detector with 83mKr in different drift fields and to study the correlation between light yield and drift fields. A dual-phase LAr prototype detector was designed to study the 83mKr responses in liquid argon. 83mKr atoms are produced through the decay of 83Rb and introduced into the LAr detector through the circulating purification system. We report that the light yield reaches 7.26 ± 0.02 pe/keV for 41.5 keV from 83mKr and 7.66 ± 0.01 pe/keV for 511 keV from 22Na, as a comparison. After stopping the fill, the rate decays of 83mKr are with a fitted half-life of 1.83 ± 0.11 h, which is consistent with the reported value of 1.83 ± 0.02 h. The light yield that varies with the drift electric field from 0 to 200 V/cm has also been reported.

CO esterification to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an attractive route, although the catalyst is the main problem restricting the industrialization of this route. Supported palladium catalysts have been often used for this route. However, the effect of the support is not always clear. In this work, we firstly introduced three metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials as catalyst supports, namely UiO-66, MIL-101 and MOF-5, and studied the effect of Lewis acid sites in the MOFs supports on the catalytic activity and selectivity for CO esterification to DMC. Interestingly, the Pd(II)/UiO-66 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance to the other catalysts, with 87.9% CO conversion and 98.5% DMC selectivity due to the abundant Lewis acid sites in UiO-66. It was proven that UiO-66 with more defects would have a large number of Lewis acid sites, and the catalytic performance was positively correlated with the number of Lewis acid sites in MOFs supports, which can be demonstrated by characterization by NH3-TPD, pyridine-IR, XPS and in situ DRIRS. The current work not only revealed the relationship between the Lewis acidity of the support and catalytic performance, but also promotes the development of practical catalysts for CO esterification to DMC.

Utilization of photochromism in photo-switchable white-light emitters (WLEs) is a challenging task. In an effort to achieve this, we have recently developed a new Gd-MOF using a photoactive pyridinium-based inner salt. The compound shows interesting photoswitchable bluish white light to greenish yellow light emission as a result of electron transfer, a phenomenon that has not been observed previously in photochromic crystal compounds.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 4,5-diaryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one by using 1,1′-(arylmethylene)diurea and 1-aryl-2-propanone as substrates was developed. The reactions proceeded efficiently in the presence of Cs2CO3 to give the desired products in moderate to good yields with wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, serving as an attractive alternative or complement to the previously reported methods for the facile assembly of biologically and pharmaceutically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones.

Two new phases, Na2MSn2Se6 (M = Zn/Cd), exhibiting overall high quality parameters for infrared nonlinear optical applications were synthesized based on a new atom response theory aided searching approach.

CeO2–x quantum dots with massive oxygen vacancies are obtained by a one-step single molecular synthesis strategy. The yield of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol is more than 5 times that for commercial CeO2 nanoparticles.

Drawbacks, such as low laser damage threshold (LDT), of existing IR nonlinear optical (NLO) materials necessitate the exploration of new candidates. Promising candidates should have been found in the Ba–In–Q (Q = S, Se) system close to the well-known IR NLO (Ba, Sr)–(Ga, Al)–Q system, but all known Ba–In–Q phases are centrosymmetric (CS), precluding them from being NLO-active. Two new chalcogenides, Ba13Zn7In12S38 (1) and Ba12Zn8In12Se38 (2), were obtained by the introduction of d10 Zn2+ in the Ba–In–Q (Q = S, Se) system, where mixing Zn2+ in In3+ sites resulted in non-centrosymmetric transformation. Their structures comprised rare impeller-like chalcogenide units containing four-membered tetrahedral cluster or T2-supertetrahedra blades. Remarkably, strong phase-matchable second harmonic generation efficiency (0.6 × AGS), high LDT (24 × AGS), wide IR transparency region, and congruent melting characteristic make 1 be a good candidate for high power IR-NLO applications. The current work provided an avenue to design IR NLO materials in NLO-active motifs containing CS chalcogenide systems by the incorporation of d10 metals.

Background Digital clinical measures based on data collected by wearable devices have seen rapid growth in both clinical trials and healthcare. The widely-used measures based on wearables are epoch-based physical activity counts using accelerometer data. Even though activity counts have been the backbone of thousands of clinical and epidemiological studies, there are large variations of the algorithms that compute counts and their associated parameters – many of which have often been kept proprietary by device providers. This lack of transparency has hindered comparability between studies using different devices and limited their broader clinical applicability. ActiGraph devices have been the most-used wearable accelerometer devices for over two decades. Results Recognizing the importance of data transparency, interpretability and interoperability to both research and clinical use, we here describe the detailed counts algorithms of five generations of ActiGraph devices going back to the first AM7164 model, and publish the current counts algorithm in ActiGraph’s ActiLife and CentrePoint software as a standalone Python package for research use. Conclusion We believe that this material will provide a useful resource for the research community, accelerate digital health science and facilitate clinical applications of wearable accelerometry.

As early as 2001, the need for the ‘functional motif theory’ was pointed out, to assist the rational design of functional materials. The properties of materials are determined by their functional motifs and how they are arranged in the materials. Uncovering functional motifs and their arrangements is crucial in understanding the properties of materials and rationally designing new materials of desired properties. The functional motifs of materials are the critical microstructural units (e.g. constituent components and building blocks) that play a decisive role in generating certain material functions, and can not be replaced with other structural units without the loss, or significant suppression, of relevant functions. The role of functional motifs and their arrangement in materials, with representative examples, is presented. The microscopic structures of these examples can be classified into six types on a length scale smaller than ∼10 nm with maximum subatomic resolution, i.e. crystal, magnetic, aperiodic, defect, local and electronic structures. Functional motif analysis can be employed in the function-oriented design of materials, as elucidated by taking infrared non-linear optical materials as an example. Machine learning is more efficient in predicting material properties and screening materials with high efficiency than high-throughput experimentation and high-throughput calculations. In order to extract functional motifs and find their quantitative relationships, the development of sufficiently reliable databases for material structures and properties is imperative.

Drought stress caused by water deficit reduces plant productivity in many regions of the world. In plants, basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors regulate a wide range of cellular activities related to growth, development and stress response; however, the role of tomato SlbHLHs in drought stress responses remains elusive. Here, we used reverse genetics approaches to reveal the function of SlbHLH96, which is induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We found that SlbHLH96 functions as a positive regulator of drought tolerance in tomato. Overexpression of SlbHLH96 in tomato improves drought tolerance by stimulating the expression of genes encoding antioxidants, ABA signaling molecules and stress-related proteins. In contrast, silencing of SlbHLH96 in tomato reduces drought tolerance. SlbHLH96 physically interacts with an ethylene-responsive factor, SlERF4, and silencing of SlERF4 in tomato also decreases drought tolerance. Furthermore, SlbHLH96 can repress the expression of the ABA catabolic gene, SlCYP707A2, through direct binding to its promoter. Our results uncover a novel mechanism of SlbHLH96-mediated drought tolerance in tomato plants, which can be exploited for breeding drought-resilient crops.

Movie and TV subtitles are frequently employed in natural language processing (NLP) applications, but there are limited Japanese-Chinese bilingual corpora accessible as a dataset to train neural machine translation (NMT) models. In our previous study, we effectively constructed a corpus of a considerable size containing bilingual text data in both Japanese and Chinese by collecting subtitle text data from websites that host movies and television series. The unsatisfactory translation performance of the initial corpus, Web-Crawled Corpus of Japanese and Chinese (WCC-JC 1.0), was predominantly caused by the limited number of sentence pairs. To address this shortcoming, we thoroughly analyzed the issues associated with the construction of WCC-JC 1.0 and constructed the WCC-JC 2.0 corpus by first collecting subtitle data from movie and TV series websites. Then, we manually aligned a large number of high-quality sentence pairs. Our efforts resulted in a new corpus that includes about 1.4 million sentence pairs, an 87% increase compared with WCC-JC 1.0. As a result, WCC-JC 2.0 is now among the largest publicly available Japanese-Chinese bilingual corpora in the world. To assess the performance of WCC-JC 2.0, we calculated the BLEU scores relative to other comparative corpora and performed manual evaluations of the translation results generated by translation models trained on WCC-JC 2.0. We provide WCC-JC 2.0 as a free download for research purposes only.

Recently, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs)-based anode materials (oxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphides, borides, and carbides) have been extensively investigated in the field of energy conversion and storage. This is due to PBAs’ unique properties, including high theoretical specific capacity, environmental friendly, and low cost. We thoroughly discussed the formation of PBAs in conjunction with other materials. The performance of composite materials improves the electrochemical performance of its energy storage materials. Furthermore, new insights are provided for the manufacture of low-cost, high-capacity, and long-life battery materials in order to solve the difficulties in different electrode materials, combined with advanced manufacturing technology and principles. Finally, PBAs and their composites’ future challenges and opportunities are discussed.

Active travel is associated with various health, environmental, social, and economic benefits. However, barriers exist in active travel activities and promotion. In particular, cycling and walking tend to be more severely affected by inclement weather than encapsulated modes, such as passenger and transit vehicles. This study analyzes the impacts of weather and climate conditional changes on the usage of twin multi-use trails in Seattle, United States. Both comparative analysis and residual regression analysis methods are used to examine the impacts. The buffered effects of rainfall on cycling and walking are particularly investigated. The findings indicate that at the daily level, weather conditions are more influential on active travel on the two trails on weekdays than on weekends. Nevertheless, cyclists and pedestrians on weekdays tend to be more resilient to weather influence than weekend riders and walkers at the hourly level. Cycling could be more severely influenced by weather condition changes than walking, especially on weekdays. The concurrent rainfall not only affects the concurrent active travel, but it also affects the usage of trails 1 h earlier. Comparatively, the delay effects of rainfall on active travel can last a longer period of time for cycling on weekdays. Note that self-selection in a time-series data analysis, particularly at a finer temporal scale, must be controlled. This study discusses the implications of these findings and highlights the potentials of accurate real-time or near real-time weather prediction, weather information push service for active travelers, and facilities’ clearing in improving the cycling and walking experience.

Detection of oxygen though color change is highly desirable for rapid qualitative analysis like the case of pH test papers. This work demonstrates

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Xue-Jun Wang,1,* Xiao-Ying Li,1,* Xiao-Cong Guo,1,* Li Liu,1 You-You Jin,1 Yun-Qiong Lu,1 Yao-Jia-Ni Cao,1 Jun-Yi Long,1 Huan-Gan Wu,2 Dan Zhang,2 Guang Yang,2 Jue Hong,2 Yan-Ting Yang,2 Xiao-Peng Ma1,2 1Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao-Peng Ma; Yan-Ting Yang, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email pengpengma@163.com; tcmyyt@126.comBackground: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is receiving growing attention in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the mechanism by which herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) regulates the expression and functions of lncRNAs in CD rats is still unclear. The aim of our study is to identify lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network potential biological functions in CD.Methods: RNA sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing were carried out to analyze lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles among the CD rats, normal control rats, and CD rats after HPM treatment and constructed the potential related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Then, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to explore potentially important genes in ceRNA networks.Results: A total of 189 lncRNAs, 32 miRNAs and 463 mRNAs were determined as differentially expressed (DE) genes in CD rats compared to normal control rats, and 161 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs and 130 mRNAs were identified as remarkably DE genes in CD rats after HPM treatment compared to CD rats. GO analysis indicated that the target genes were most enriched in cAMP and in KEGG pathway analysis the main pathways included adipocytokine, PPAR, AMPK, FoxO and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Finally, qRT-PCR results confirmed that lncRNA LOC102550026 sponged miRNA-34c-5p to regulate the intestinal immune inflammatory response by targeting Pck1.Conclusion: By constructing a ceRNA network with lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA, PCR verification, and KEGG analysis, we revealed that LOC102550026/miRNA-34c-5p/Pck1 axis and adipocytokine, PPAR, AMPK, FoxO, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways might regulate the intestinal immune-inflammatory response, and HPM may regulate the lncRNA LOC102550026/miR-34c-5p/Pck1 axis and adipocytokine, PPAR, AMPK, FoxO, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, thus improving intestinal inflammation in CD. These findings may be novel potential targets in CD.Keywords: herb-partitioned moxibustion, Crohn’s disease, lncRNA, ceRNA, lncRNA LOC102550026/miR-34c-5p/Pck1 axis