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Safety system always involves variation on account of the epistemic uncertainty of the inputs. Therefore, it is significant to identify the uncertainty source of the output for the safety system. Sensitivity analysis (SA) which measures the effect of variance variation of inputs on the absolute change in the variance of system unsafety is a useful tool for identifying the importance of inputs. A finite difference method has been proposed to estimate the effect in the existing work. This method may be numerical unstable or inaccuracy and is computational heavy. In order to overcome these issues, an advanced method which combing the simulation method and the analytical deduction of the partial derivative is established in this paper to estimate the SA indices. Discussion and several examples are introduced to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method when comparing with the finite difference method.

Based on the models of Lion and Kardelky (2004) and Hofer and Lion (2009), a finite viscoelastic (FVE) constitutive model, considering the predeformation-, frequency- and amplitude-dependent properties, has been proposed in our earlier paper [1]. FVE model is applied to investigating the dynamic characteristics of the multifunctional structure with the viscoelastic components. Combing FVE model with the finite element theory, the dynamic model of the multifunctional structure could be obtained. Additionally, the parametric identification and the experimental verification are also given via the frequency-sweep tests. The results show that the computational data agree well with the experimental data. FVE model has made a success of expressing the dynamic characteristics of the viscoelastic materials utilized in the multifunctional structure. The multifunctional structure technology has been verified by in-orbit experiments.

The paper describes the correlation of the changed manufacturing and technological conditions of the spinning device applicable in the textile industry with the change of the dynamic parameters of the spinning rotor bearings. Special ball bearings for textile machines are designed for high rotational speeds and relatively low loads. They are characterized by high dimensional accuracy and reliable running, which guarantees their great utility value. In the diagnostics of the spinning machine spindle high-speed bearings, absolute vibrations were measured according to the recommendation of STN ISO 10816-3 norm. The conducted experiments focused primarily on the assessment of the impact of the unstable technological process on the change of the monitored dynamic parameters. The measurements showed a statistical increase of the measured dynamic parameters by 50% when the spinning machine spindle rotor speed was increased by 15%. The measured vibration values showed that technological instability (rotor clogging by fiber during combing and subsequent braking and speed deceleration, a signal from a damaged drive belt, variable dynamic imbalance of the rotor, and at the same time an uneven bowl wear caused by the fiber friction) had a noticeable impact.

Traditional finite element method (FEM) using linear triangular element is overly-stiff and generally natural frequencies calculated would be too high. The newly developed node-based smoothed point interpolation method (NS-PIM) has overly-soft stiffness, which makes it provide natural frequencies smaller than the exact ones and has the problem of temporally instability. So this work proposed a node-based partly smoothed point interpolation method (NPS-PIM) by combing the ideas of both FEM and NS-PIM through node-based partly strain smoothing operation. Owing to the properly constructed stiffness, detailed numerical study has shown that the NPS-PIM not only successfully overcomes the temporal instability existing in the NS-PIM, but also provides more accurate results than both FEM and NS-PIM models. The use of linear triangular background cells makes the present method very competitive for solving practical engineering problems with complicated shapes.

An accurate algorithm by combing Gram–Schmidt orthonormalization and least square ellipse fitting technology is proposed, which could be used for phase extraction from two or three interferograms. ...

The aim of this study was to uncover certain physical properties of cashmere fibres obtained from goat hair in Van, Turkey, and determine their usability in the textile sector. For this purpose 36 hair goats were studied, aged between two and three years old, obtained from breeders at Van Yuzuncu Yil University Livestock Facilities and the Ozalp and Baskale districts of Van, with twelve goats being taken from each breeder. The sample of hairs were collected by combing three areas of the goat’s body (shoulder, flank and rump). The analysis indicated that the cashmere length of two-year-old hair goats was longer than that of three-year-old hair goats. There was no linear relationship between the differences among cashmere elasticity and yield properties and the altitude levels of the districts. It was determined that the fibre diameter of the cashmere of hair goats in Van was acceptable for the textile sector and competitive with major cashmere-producing countries. Key words : cashmere features, hair goat, Van province.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of a locally manufactured combined tillage implement (moldboard plow + ripper) in one of the fields of the kufa university faculty of agriculture. The experiment was included two factors , the first factor is combing the ripper to mold board plow in five level these are fixing the combined ripper shanks while the shanks points oriented in two different levels with and opposite to the plowing direction , two levels of different ripper depths the same depth and 5 cm above the depth of mold board plow share and the fifth level is control treatment ( mold board plow alone ) .The second factor was the plowing operation speed at five levels (1.4, 2.0 , 3.6 and 4.7) Km.hr ¹ . the experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment with RCBD , the LSD test at 5 % was used to compare between means .The results of the research were showed that combining the locally manufactured ripper implement to mold board plow resulted in significant increase in the number of soil clods with the desired diameter (5-10 cm ) very low number of soil block with diameter larger than 10 cm , more even soil roughness and the actual productivity has not decreased to the extent that it affects the efficient performance of the tillage process compared to the use at the mold board plow alone .

A kind of shell-and-tube heat exchangers with fold baffles was proposed to eliminate the triangular leakage zones between adjacent baffles. An effective algorithm combing second-order polynomial response surface method and multi-objective genetic algorithm was adopted to study the effect of fold baffle configuration parameters on the performance of flow and heat transfer. The helical angle, overlapped degree and shell-side inlet velocity were chosen as design parameters, and the Nusselt number and shell-side pressure drop were considered as objective functions. The results show that both the Nusselt number and shell-side pressure drop increase with the decrease of helical angle and shell-side inlet velocity, and increase with the increasing overlapped degree. A set of Pareto-optimal points were obtained, and the optimization results illustrate a good agreement with CFD simulation data with the relative deviation less than ±3%. And the empirical correlations of Nusselt number and friction coefficient were obtained based on response surface method, the helical angle and overlapped degree were fitted into empirical correlations as correction factors for the first time. It is found that the adjusted coefficient of determination of the Nusselt number and friction coefficient is 0.943 and 0.999, respectively, which illustrate the fitting is correct and reliable.

This paper proposes a new breed of solid-state transformer (SST) distribution tail system mainly based on hybrid cascaded multilevel converter and resonant DC-DC converters between medium-voltage distribution and low-voltage customer side. The proposed SST topology mainly combines per-phase cascaded H-bridge converters based on the DC transformers (DCTs) with the square-wave two-level VSC based on the assembled DCT together. The proposed system can offer the operational flexibility for active and reactive power control for medium-voltage side based on the simplified single-stage control system structure concept thanks to the characteristics of the resonant DC-DC converters working under the quasi-resonant mode. Additionally, compared to the existing SST systems, it offers better features such as smaller space volume, simpler control system, lower unit cost, etc. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed SST distribution tail system, this paper assesses its dynamic performance during steady-state and network alterations, including its response to medium-voltage ac-side unbalance.

For the emerging demands of three-dimensional (3D) profile measurement in daily life, a smartphone-based 3D profilometry based on structured light was presented in this paper. To measure 3D profiles within a large depth range, a method combing binary code and phase-shifting was employed. Applying anti-phase complementary binary code patterns successfully overcame the defocusing issue of both the camera and projector. It also helped reduce the influence of objects’ surface reflectivity and the phase unwrapping error. For a depth range of 1100 mm, an average height reconstruction error lower than 2 mm can be achieved with this system.

To study the effect of non-uniform temperature decreases of the charge caused by charge transfer and press fast closing processes on the fiber orientation and warpage of the thermoformed part, a co-simulation method combing LS-DYNA and Moldex3D is proposed to model thermoforming of a seatback outer part from thermoplastic prepregs, which includes transfer of the prepreg charge from heating oven to tools, gravity loading, thermoforming as well as cooling. The seatback outer part was physically thermoformed, and X-ray computed tomography scans and 3D scans were carried out to verify the simulation accuracy in terms of predicting fiber orientation and warpage of the part, respectively. It is found that fiber re-orientation mainly occurred in central layers of the formed part, while the fiber orientations in the layers closest to the surfaces remained nearly unchanged. The maximum warpage of the formed part varies nearly linearly with the temperature difference between the edge and the center of the charge. The steps of the charge transfer and press fast closing, which were ignored in numerical simulation in literatures, have a significant impact on the warpage and fiber orientation of the formed part. In addition, parametric study reveals that tool temperature exhibits the most significant effect on the warpage and residual stresses of the part over other investigated process parameters including initial charge temperature, closing rate, holding time, and holding force. It is suggested to minimize tool temperature while ensuring complete filling.

A three-dimensional micromechanical analysis model was established to investigate the force-bearing mechanisms and damage in fiber reinforce composite plates. In the proposed model, the matrix and fibers were described by the extended layerwise method (XLWM) and the three-dimensional bar elements, respectively. The final governing equation of composite with damage was developed from combing the governing equations of matrix and fibers by the displacement compatibility conditions at the coupling interfaces. The equivalent material property of matrix calculated by the volume faction of fibers was used to remove the contribution of the redundant matrix shaved the overlapping region with fibers. In the numerical examples, the unidirectional composite plates with damage were investigated to validate the proposed model, and the results calculated by the proposed model are compared with those of the 3D elastic models developed in the general commercial finite element code. In addition, the effects of the damage on the stress distribution in fibers were investigated.

In previous studies, an asymmetric product is formed by shear spinning. The wall of the product couldn't be perpendicular to the bottom since the thickness of the wall would reduce to zero in shear spinning. In order to break through the limitation and form an oblique cylindrical shape, an asymmetric multipass spinning method combing conventional spinning with asymmetric spinning was developed in this research. The roller trajectory of asymmetric multipass spinning is deduced. The thickness variation is discussed by analyzing the movement of the roller. The thickness distribution and the surface quality with different experiment parameters are discussed. It indicates that a smaller roller feed rate f and a smaller incremental angle ∆α can improve the surface quality.

In both, laboratory and industry, tremendous attention is paid to discover an effective technique to produce uniform, controllable and (super) hydrophilic surfaces over large areas that are useful in a wide range of applications. In this investigation, by combing porous anodic alumina ( PAA ) film with nano-structures and microarray of aluminum, the hydrophilicity of hybrid nano-micro structure has been significantly improved. It is found some factors can affect the hydrophilicity of film, such as the size and aspect ratio of microarray, the thickness of nano- PAA film etc. Comparing with pure nano- PAA films and microarray, the hybrid nano-micro structure can provide uniform surface with significantly better hydrophilicity. The improvement can be up to 84%. Also, this technique exhibits good stability and repeatability for industrial production. By optimizing the thickness of nano- PAA film and aspect ratio of micro-structures, super-hydrophilicity can be reached. This study has obvious prospect in the fields of chemical industry, biomedical engineering and lab-on-a-chip applications.

Flax harvesting consists of serial technological processes: pulling, separation of seed bolls from stalks, stalks spreading out, turning during a rest, picking up of them and baling in large packages, loading, and transportation. One of the most important operations is seed balls separation from stalks. Determination of parameter of intensity of flex balls combing by deseeder operation is a little studied. Parameter of intensity of a separation doesn't show clearly its dependence on design features and an operating mode of the unit. The authors considered this relation by the example of the comb deseeder which has different tines on a ridge with accidentally decreasing spacing towards the end. The existing deseeders do not provide qualitative combings of flax stalks. Therefore, theoretical and pilot researches of the ridge comb deseeder were conducted. The program and a technique of researches of the comb deseeder were developed. The theoretical basics of intensity of combing by the comb deseeder are covered. The various factors influence damageability of stalks: geometrical parameters of tines, number of at the same time operating combs, sequence of combing, ratio of tines speeds and gripping conveyor. Characteristics of a combed layer, a flax maturing level, the weight-average values of efficiency of single influence belong to the factors influencing intensity of combing. In the flax harvesters LK-4A and LKV-4A with increase in frequency of the comb deseeder to 2.87 rpm and speeds of the gripping conveyor from 1.54 to 1.58 meter per second the intensity decreased up to 3.02 tine per centimeter, and combing purity increased up to 98 percent. So, intensity 3.02 tine per centimeter should be considered as minimum admissible, and combing purity should be increased no more than by 2 percent.

In this paper, the finite-time outer synchronization between two complex dynamical networks with noise perturbation is considered. Combing the adaptive and finite-time control technologies, a novel adaptive finite-time controller is designed. Based on the finite-time stability theory of stochastic differential equations, sufficient conditions for the finite-time stochastic outer synchronization between two complex networks with identical as well as nonidentical configurations are obtained, respectively. Finally, numerical examples are examined to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical results.

Functional inner-wear being currently sold is being made without regard to the characteristics of various sports events. The purpose of this study is to identify this problem and to investigate the effect of sports taping on golf swing when wearing functional inner-wear. The subjects of this study were 8 male golfers belonging to Korea Professional Golf Association, and Launch monitor and Trackman were used to find out golf club action, ball pitch, distance, etc. There are three types of clubs: driver, wood, and iron, and the first experiment was carried out using only functional inner-wear. In the second experiment, we experimented with functional inner-wear after sports taping, and we compared and analyzed the distance depending on each experiment, the speed of the ball and the club, and the accuracy of the club face. The results of the study were as follows. As a result of driving distance, according to the presence of sports taping on functional inner-wear, there was a statistically significant difference in the driving swing and wood swing, for club and ball speed, there was a statistically significant difference only in the driving swing. Regarding the accuracy by the presence of sports taping on inner-wear, there was a statistically significant difference in the driving swing, wood swing, and iron swing. In conclusion, the sports taping in the functional inner-wear had a positive effect on golf performance improvement, and we hope that golf inner-wear these two specifications combing will be developed in the future.

Previous studies revealed that the error of pole coordinate prediction will significantly increase for a prediction period longer than 100 days, and this is mainly caused by short period oscillations. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which is increasingly popular and has advantages over classical wavelet decomposition, can be used to remove short period variations from observed time series of pole coordinates. A hybrid model combing EMD and extreme learning machine (ELM), where high frequency signals are removed and processed time series is then modeled and predicted, is summarized in this paper. The prediction performance of the hybrid model is compared with that of the ELM-only method created from original time series. The results show that the proposed hybrid model outperforms the pure ELM method for both short-term and long-term prediction of pole coordinates. The improvement of prediction accuracy up to 360 days in the future is found to be 24.91% and 26.79% on average in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) for the x p and y p components of pole coordinates, respectively.

In this paper, a hybrid approach of combing two machine learning algorithms is proposed to detect the different possible attacks by performing effective feature selection and classification. This system uses Random Forest algorithm for the feature selection to find the most important features combined with Classification and Regression Trees (CART) for the classification of the different attack classes. The proposed system was tested using the UNSW-NB15 dataset and the results show that the proposed method achieves a good performance compared with the existing algorithms.

This paper describes a facile approach to prepare cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) by chemical hydrolysis of cellulose fibres with tension, which eliminates the conventional requirement of high temperature and mechanical agitation/sonication. Furthermore, it gives the advantage of controlled spherical morphology. For this purpose, 60 psi load has been employed perpendicularly to the axis of fibres passing between rollers of different rotations per minute. This mechanism stretches the fibres to produce tension in them. Combing has also been employed to remove inherited immature and short fibres so that only the fibres with uniform tension can be utilized for chemical hydrolysis. The combing enhances uniformity and crystallinity index that were analysed by Uster Uniformity Test and X-ray Diffractogram respectively. Effect of tension was further investigated thermogravimetrically. Morphology of cellulose nanoparticles was studied by Atomic force microscopy that showed 8–16 nm amorphous spherical (CNPs) as the outcome of chemical hydrolysis of fibres with tension.

Background Acid straightener products are widely used, and it can cause changes in the hair shaft properties. The pH value of these products established by ANVISA (Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency) as secure is above 2.0. However, the industries are interested in working at lower pH values in order to increase the straightening effect. Unfortunately, there are a lot of products in the market with pH value under the permitted. Objective Analyze two different pH values (1.0 and 2.0) of acid straightener formulation and the influence of this difference in the hair shaft properties. In order to provide information to professionals as cosmetologists, dermatologists, and hairdressers. Methods Combing and colorimetric analyses, tensile strength, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and tryptophan content. Results The tresses treated at pH 1.0 had a better result in the straightening capacity, improving the combing test in 59.4%, while those at pH 2.0, only in 33.0% compared with virgin hair. However, the tensile strength, at pH 1.0 decreased by 16.0% and 9.0% to the pH 2.0. In addition, the tryptophan content was lower in the tresses treated with formulation at pH 1.0. The DSC analysis showed impairment in the straightened tresses. The images by ESEM, indicated a possible formation of a film around the fiber. Conclusions It was possible to conclude that the pH value interferes in the hair shaft properties. Tresses treated with pH 1.0 had more modifications than tresses treated with pH 2.0.

We explain the basic idea of linear mixed model (LMM), including parameter estimation and model selection criteria. Moreover, the algorithm of singular value decomposition (SVD) is also mentioned. After introducing the related R packages to implement these two models, we compare the mean absolute errors of LMM and SVD when different numbers of historical ratings are given. Then a hybrid recommender system is developed to combine these two models together. Such system is proven to have higher accuracy than single LMM and SVD model. And it might have practical value in different fields in the future.

To solve the problem of information loss in multispectral image color reproduction, a new algorithm for reconstructing spectral reflectance is proposed. Based on the traditional matrix R theory, the improved method is obtained by combing ICA and smoothing pseudo-inverse method. We choose the standard color target Color Checker 24 and IT8.7/4 as training and test samples respectively and design the reconstruction experiment. By calculating the spectrum and chromaticity accuracy of ICA, the traditional matrix R and the proposed method, the effect of the new algorithm is verified. The results show that the improved method’s spectrum error and chromaticity error of the training and test color samples are significantly lower than the other two methods. That is, the proposed method improves the spectral information loss of the reconstructed spectrum in the spectral image acquisition system of the multichannel digital camera. It has important significance for solving the problem of mesmerism, and realizing the true color reproduction of the object in the changing observation environment.

This paper extends the service quality model by using the service blueprint theory. Through combing traditional perceived service quality indicators with the characteristics of service informationization, this paper adds two dimensions of “running once at most” and “information quality”, then, constructs 58 evaluation index systems. Based on data from the random questionnaires of all kinds of electricity users, the empirical results of the service quality model show that: Consumers pay more attention to “running once at most” and information quality. Based on this, author puts forward suggestion on improving service items such as “running once at most” and information quality as well as how to using this extending model.

Taking Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area as an example, on the basis of combing the literature and combining the characteristics of the intelligent scenic area, a smart landscape composed of 14 indicators.

One of important avionics problems is creation of integrated systems combing several functions, such as radio navigation, communication, radar, etc. The possibility of creating scanning antenna arrays with several beams formed at different frequencies is quite essential for the problem [1, 2].

The article considers the issue that further improvement of the grain combine design with the classical threshing-separating device is possible due to the development of its technological scheme based on the principle of modular construction and stationary process of threshing grain mass. To achieve this goal, the problems were solved, by which laws were revealed and a mathematical description of the technological process of the combine harvester was given, as well as patterns characterizing the effect of straw on the process of grain mass threshing were revealed. In the course of research and evaluation of the effectiveness of the combine harvester's usage the basic laws characterizing the technological process of combine harvester with the classical threshing-separating device are established. The change of the working speed of the combine depends on the technological properties of grain crops. It is revealed that the coefficient of solomitol grain mass δc is possible to reduce during combining grain crops through the application of high-cut stems. It was found that with the increase in the height of the cut of the stems (wheat) from 0.10 to 0.20 m, the coefficient of straw content of the grain mass decreases from 0.726 to 0.578. The additional material of experimental studies to determine the coefficient of straw content of the grain mass δc depending on the diameter and length of the pinned part of the stem is presented. When harvesting grain crops by the method of combing, a grain-bearing mass is formed, which is characterized by a random ratio of the fractions of the straw of the stalk of the annular part. The chaotic structure of plant parts temosolomida mass poses new challenges to supply it in the threshing-machine combine harvester with a classic threshingseparating device. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.

The possibility of using fuzzy cognitive maps in the operation of the production line for the fabrication of space-filling nonwoven fabric is considered. A technique of cognitive simulation of complex dynamical objects is determined and a list of concepts that characterize the state of the flow line is presented. Modernization of the electrotechnical complex with the use of a multi-motor electric drive is proposed based on an analysis and simulation of a cognitive map. A dependence of the quality of the weave produced by a combing machine on the speed and linear density of the fibers is found. The problem of impacts against the machine case when the direction of travel of the carriages changes is solved through the use of separate electric motors that assure smooth and independent control.

We theoretically present a method for equalizing modal gain in a six-LP-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier by combing two sections of erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) with different doping profiles. In the two EDFs, the dopant distributions are designed to be spatially mismatched to mainly support the optical amplification of different spatial modes. The optimum fiber designs have been found by employing genetic algorithm optimization when pumped by LP11 mode, resulting in less than 1.0 dB DMG over 25 nm bandwidth in the C-band for the six-LP signal modes. In addition, tolerance study of various fiber parameters has been carried out theoretically to assess fabrication challenge in realizing a desirable amplification performance.

This paper proposed a method using statistic methods with untagged and tagged data to detect Chinese new words. Chinese sentences have no blank to segment the characters to build words. So Chinese word segmentation has been a hot research field for a long time. Chinese word segmentation needs tagged data and dictionary. The dictionary should always be updated, thus there will be less out of vocabulary words in the model. It will cost a lot of time to collect new words manually, and it has many limitations such as the mount of the words. Term frequency, pointwise mutual information and entropy are applied to detect new Chinese new words. They are based on the untagged data by statistic methods. Hidden markov model is used to segment Chinese sentences and detect new words. Hidden markov model need tagged data to train the model. Hidden markov model can learn the probability of a character's position of a word such as begin, middle, end or single. We combine these two methods: one method to use the untagged data and an other to use the tagged data. The untagged data has many resources and it does't cost any human operation, but it is not so accurate. The tagged data is tagged by human, so it is accurate and reliable, but it takes a lot time to tag it, only a few of data is free to use to train the method. In short, we try to use tagged data and untagged data at the same time by combing pointwise mutual information, entropy and hidden markov model. The experiment shows the new word candidates number is reduced from 306% to 173% compared to the training dictionary number, but the real words number is only reduced 4%.

To improve the objective complexity’s inaccurate and less effective in estimating the time and training requirement analyzing, the subjective complexity is introduced. The external, subjective factors such as environment, personal ability is applied to establish the rush repair subjective complexity measurement model by combing weight with support vector which is called improved weight support vector regression model (IWSVR). To solve this model high efficiently, the genetic algorithm meothod which is crossed and viated by cloud model is introduced. Then, the model is validated by the correlativity between the subjective complexity and personal performance (time). The result proves that both the generalization ability and accuracy are better than normal SVR model in personal time estimating and the subjective complexity is better than objective complexity in predicting the personal performance.

This paper presents personnel evacuation computer simulation for scientific research building under emergency condition. This computer simulation gives out the whole evacuation process and provide the total evacuation time, usage of each exit and person density in the building. A simulation is carried out for the case that the meeting is held in this building for different evacuation scheme. Simulation results show that evacuation time will be reduced with implementing proper guidance and utilizing all exits nearby under emergency. By combing the simulation results and simple numerical model, an optimized personnel evacuation scheme is provided and it reduces the total evacuation time and enhances escape efficiency.

Infrared measurement is one of important means for pelagic space instrumentation. Abnormal pixels would impair imaging quality of infrared detector and bring bad influence for display enhancing. In this paper, it presents an abnormal pixel detecting method combing statistics and frequency information and an improved display enhancing method tolerating abnormal pixels based on the detecting result. Real image experiment result shows that it could effectively detect abnormal pixels and improve display enhancing performance.

Purpose: Through combing the 40 years’ history of the development of Chinese educational policy research, this article attempts to sort out the efforts and lessons learned by researchers in the field of education policy in China. Design/Approach/Methods: As one of the earliest scholars engaged in the study of Chinese education policy, based on the academic publications, symposia, and thematic research, the author has found efforts in four directions in the field: proposals for policy-oriented research and research-oriented policy, disciplinization-based endeavors, empirical research on theory-guided educational policy, and guidance on major educational policy research topics and a think tank for educational policy decisions. Findings: This article argues that there is now a correspondence among the ideas, themes, forms, and frameworks of the educational reform promulgated by the government in recent years that have appeared in educational policy research, but there is no clear demarcation of what makes an educational policy researcher; no stable academic community has been formed that might strive together toward the foundation of a disciplinary paradigm, the rational organization of academic ideas, and the establishment and handing over of a theoretical framework to a succeeding generation. Originality/Value: This article takes a step back to claim that a paradigm for Chinese educational policy research is still nascent in the arduous process of formulation.

In the present work, a hybrid MMC-MMV approach is developed for designing additive manufacturing-oriented shell-graded-infill structures. The key idea is to describe the geometry of a shell-graded-infill structure explicitly using some geometry parameters. To this end, a set of morphable voids is adopted to describe the boundary of the coating shell, while a set of morphable components combing with a coordinate perturbation technique are introduced to represent the graded infill distribution. Under such treatment, both the crisp boundary of the coating shell and the graded infill can be optimized simultaneously, with a small number of design variables. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Micro-milling is one of the emerging tool-based micro-manufacturing processes to fabricate miniaturized features on different materials. Still, there is a need of enhancement in tooling performance as the tool wear and breakage significantly affect the produced feature quality. Hard coating of the tool is a significant approach to improve its tooling performance by reducing the tool wear and tool breakage. However, the coating can increase the edge radius which increases the cutting forces. Therefore, the prior prediction of cutting forces is very much essential to enhance the tooling performance. We proposed an analytical approach for prediction of cutting forces by combing FEM simulation for orthogonal cutting followed by mechanistic modelling by the consideration of tool run out, minimum chip thickness and elastic recovery for TiAlN-coated tool. Finally, adequacy of the model is verified by experiments, and good agreement between predicted and experimental results is observed.

A method of driving DSRD device to produce high power and high repetition frequency electromagnetic pulses by synthesizing output current of multi-channel series LC resonant circuit is introduced in this paper. A new method of pulse power compression by combing different diameter DSRD devices is proposed. An electromagnetic pulse generator with an output pulse front 2~3ns, an output power of 100KW and a repetition rate of 200 KHz has been manufactured and tested.

Data detection is among the most crucial process task for massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. In this letter, we propose a novel efficient high precision soft-output data detection algorithm, which iteratively generates a signal vector and reduces its complexity meanwhile. This algorithm guarantees its significant error-rate performance and reduced complexity by combing an optimization method, ADMM, and modified neighborhood search algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed detection achieves superior performance over the existing methods at low computational complexity.