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El presente trabajo lleva consigo la investigación del Derecho Penal en su parte general, y encaminada directamente a la Teoría del Delito. Aquí damos plena relevancia a la determinación del Error de Prohibición, su naturaleza e importancia dentro de la parte dogmática de la culpabilidad. También se analiza la situación propia en la que se encontraba posicionada como una causa de exculpación de la conducta y la pena frente al cometimiento de un injusto. También nos hemos enfocado a ver las causas por las que no fue implementado en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal que entró en vigencia en el año 2014, así como también verificar si podía tener aplicación en ese momento, esto en relación a lo que se encontraba establecido en el artículo 34 del mencionado código; y, consecuentemente, ver la actual situación en la que se encuentra desarrollado en la reforma de dicha norma en diciembre del 2019 y que entró en vigencia en junio del presente año 2020 The present work carries with it the investigation of Criminal Law in this general part, and directed directly to the Theory of Crime. Here we give full relevance to the determination of the Prohibition Error, its nature and importance within the dogmatic part of guilt. The situation itself in which it was positioned as a cause for exoneration of the conduct and the penalty for committing an unjust is also analyzed. We have also focused on seeing the causes for which it was not implemented in the Código Orgánico Integral Penal that came into force in 2014, as well as verifying if it could be applied at that time, this in relation to what was established in article 34 of the aforementioned code; and consequently see the current situation in which it is developed in the reform of said standard in December 201 and that entered into force in June of this year 2020 Magíster en Derecho Penal Cuenca

With the steady development and growth of distributed power energy resources (DERs), traditional distribution networks are being transformed in active distribution networks (ADNs), characterized by the presence of microgrids. Therefore, optimization of microgrid's resources has gained importance. The main challenges on optimization of microgrids are the high penetration of renewables such as PV and wind power, since these sources have an intermittent behavior that increases uncertainties, and managing DERs and energy transactions with the distribution system. This work proposes a framework for the day-ahead optimal operation planning of a microgrid containing batteries, controllable loads, PV generation, and thermal generation that accounts for the uncertainties using a robust optimization (RO) approach. The microgrid network feeders were also represented, aiming to ensure compliance with the operational constraints such as bus voltages and feeders' capacity limits. The system was modeled as a mixed-integer linear programming problem (MILP) and solved using a two-stage decomposition via a column and constraint generation algorithm (C&CG). The results indicate that the proposed framework can solve the microgrid optimization problem within reasonable computational time (< 5s) and demonstrate the importance of considering uncertainties, since a mere 15% uncertainty in load and PV generation forecast caused a 29,8% increase in daily operational costs.

Distribution networks typically have unbalanced loads; however, most works on Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) use single-phase representations. This paper proposes a linear alternate current (AC) three-phase optimal power flow (OPF) for a day-ahead operation planning of ADNs and microgrids. The proposed AC linear three-phase optimal power flow model is based on polar coordinate systems and considering some consistent approximations for linearization of power flow equations. The shunts admittances of the network and the mutual impedances between phases of the three-phase lines are considered in the model. In this paper, the proposed linear AC three-phase OPF model is used to define the optimal day-ahead operation planning of active distribution systems and microgrids with three-phase feeders and three-phase distributed generators (DG) and energy storage (ES). Since this model proposes a three-phase representation of the system, it provides more accurate results, making it an effective tool for optimal planning of the ADN operation. The proposed model is illustrated using the IEEE 34-bus test system and results show its effectiveness and excellent performance, presenting an error of less than 4% for the voltage magnitude of the buses and less than 2% for the apparent power flow of the lines, when compared with non-linear models.

Methods We present a detailed clinical, laboratory, electroencephalogram/magnetic resonance imaging description and a 4-month follow-up of a case of stroke and provoked seizures as manifestation of angel's trumpet intoxication. Results/discussion A 76-year-old woman presented with stuporous state evolving in 48 hours in bilateral mydriasis, vomiting, global aphasia, confusion, and stereotyped movement. An interictal electroencephalogram, performed 72 hours later, showed frequent generalized epileptiform discharges, and a brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed 2 small subcortical lesions in the right frontal lobe on diffusion weighted imaging sequences. When completely recovered, she could tell that she had mistaken angel's trumpet flowers for pumpkin flowers, so she had eaten them. Conclusions Angel's trumpet intoxication is a neurological emergency that deserves attention of both the media in matter of plant poisoning and the scientific forums because of the high lethal potential to better choose the diagnostic and therapeutic process.

Orientador: Marcos Nobre Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas Resumo: Pretendemos analisar a ética do discurso a partir do seu requisito de uma identidade pós-convencional. Valemo-nos, num primeiro momento, do novo lugar ocupado pela filosofia no quadro da modernidade e sua atuação como ciência reconstrutiva. Num segundo momento, ocupamo-nos com a compreensão da teoria da evolução social habermasiana, implícita no processo de racionalização do mundo da vida, com o propósito de aclarar a constituição das sociedades pós-convencionais. Em seguida acompanhamos a reconstrução dos estágios da consciência moral empreendida pela psicologia do desenvolvimento, com intuito de verificar as condições que permitem ao indivíduo agir e julgar segundo princípios universais. Por último, examinamos o funcionamento da lógica do discurso prático com o intento de assegurar a fundamentação do princípio moral pós-convencional Abstract: We intend to analysis the ethic of the discourse ITomhis requirement of an identity ostconventional. We are valuable, on the first moment, ofthe new site occupied by philosophy in the square of modernity and its actuation as reconstructive science. In a second moment, we occupy with the comprehension of theory of the habermasian social evolution, implicate of the process of rationalizing of the life world, with the purpose to make clear the constitution of the societies post-conventional. Following we follow the reconstruction ofthe periods ofthe moral conscience undertaking by the development of the psychology, with the intention to verify the conditions that permit to the individualproceed and to judge second universal principIes.At last, we examine the function of the logical of the practical speech with the intent of assert the basis of the moral principIe post-conventional Mestrado Mestre em Filosofia

Fluid lubricants are routinely used to reduce friction in a wide range of applications, from car engines to machinery and hard-disk drives. However, their efficiency can be significantly influenced by the ambient conditions they are exposed to, in particular humidity. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the well-documented impact of water on lubrication remains limited, hindering the improvement of tribological formulations. Here, we use Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and shear force spectroscopy to investigate the structural and dynamical behaviour of a model lubricant, hexadecane, confined between an AFM probe and a hydrophilic mica surface at different temperatures and humidities. We show that both the nanoscale structure and the tribological behaviour of the system are dominated by the nucleation of water nanodroplets at the interface. The process is favoured at higher temperature and can be explained with classical nucleation theory whereby the droplets become stable when larger than 20 nm to 50 nm size, depending on the ambient conditions. Below this threshold, a molecularly thin film of water molecules coats the surface uniformly. Highly localised shear measurements demonstrate a detrimental impact of the nanodroplets on shear with a twofold increase in the lubricated friction force. However, this can be mitigated by the adjunction of an amphiphilic additive, here oleic acid.

The enzymatic oxidation process that causes black spots on shrimp, named melanosis, leads to spoilage and economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce melan...

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an environmentally friendly anodizing technique that produces ceramic coatings using high voltage discharges. To the present work this technique was applied to treat aluminum surfaces using a pulsed current supply and sodium silicate electrolyte. The effect of the duty cycle and treatment time on the morphology, phase composition and tribo-mechanical properties of the formed layer was investigated. The current density was maintained at 12 A/dm2, with two different duty cycles, 30% and 50%, for total period of 100 μs. For each duty cycle two different treatment times (2 min and 12 min) was used. During each treatment, the voltage was monitored to determine the start of the rupture of the passive oxide layer. It was demonstrated that the increase in the duty cycle from 30% to 50% influenced the thickness and porosity of the film, verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Phase γ-Al2O3 was predominant on the surface of the samples treated by PEO, although occurrence of mullite and α-Al2O3 were also observed. There was an inversion in the intensities of the diffraction peaks Al (200) and Al (111) after the formation of the oxide phase, suggesting a preferential oxidation in the Al (111) direction. The PEO process allows tuning of the hardness, yield strength and wear resistance by controlling film thickness, porosity and phases present. Keywords: PEO, Plasma, Duty cycle, Aluminum oxide, Nanohardness, Wear rate

A titanium surface nitrided by plasma contains nitrogen ions that guarantee resistance to corrosion and biocompatibility. Despite this, no descriptions concerning the influence of the expression of cell adhesion proteins and their influence on osteogenic cell differentiation are available. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the response of murine pre‐osteoblastic cells (MC3T3‐E1) cultured on nitrided titanium surfaces. Pre‐osteoblastic cells were grown on polished titanium discs, used as controls, and on previously characterized plasma‐nitrided titanium discs. Cells from both groups were submitted to the MTT cell viability test. The expressions of α5, α2, and β1 integrin were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, while osteocalcin expression was assessed by flow cytometry. The nitrided surface presented higher α2 and β1 integrin expressions, as well as osteocalcin expression, when compared to the polished surface, with no alterations in cell viability. These findings seem to suggest that the plasma nitriding treatment produces a titanium surface with the potential for effective in vitro osseointegration.

The electrical system is becoming more robust with the insertion of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the need for energy autonomy by consumers, given that the current scenario is a growth in demand for electric energy. This paper aims to apply a computational model capable of determining the optimal hourly allocation of controllable loads in residence, as well as studying the optimal dispatch of residential microgrids considering management on the demand side. In addition, this paper presents an economic feasibility analysis of residential microgrids considering distributed generation from wind and solar sources, distributed storage, electric vehicles, and residential controllable loads. Thus, it was possible to conclude that in residence, the insertion of distributed energy generation and storage elements can present a significant reduction in electric energy costs, which can be even greater if these elements are associated with optimized controllable load management.

RESUMO Cera de carnaúba é utilizada, com sucesso, em revestimento de frutos por formar uma barreira contra a perda de umidade, troca de gases e ação antimicrobiana. No presente trabalho, pretende-se melhorar esta última propriedade através do tratamento por plasma. Plasma produzido por descarga de barreira dielétrica (DBD), usando pulsos de voltagem de 45 kV, repetidos na frequência de 405 Hz, durante 9 min, foi aplicado diretamente sobre esporos de fungo Colletotrichum brevisporum (4x104 conidia.cm-1) ou sobre superfície dos revestimentos de cera. Verificou-se que o revestimento, após tratado por plasma, apresentou resistência antifúngica equivalente àquela existente quando aplicada diretamente sobre os fungos. Este resultado foi justificado com base na literatura, em que o tratamento com plasma em lipídios estimula a oxidação das cadeias lipídicas, resultando na formação de compostos carboxílicos, que possuem propriedades antimicrobianas. ABSTRACT Carnauba wax is successfully used in fruit coating to produce a barrier against moisture loss, gas exchange and microbial action. The present study aims to improve this latter property by plasma treatment. Plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), using voltage pulses of 45 kV, repeated at the frequency of 405 Hz, for 9 min, was applied directly to spores of the fungus Colletotrichum brevisporum (4x104 conidia.cm-1) or on the surface of wax coatings. It was found that the coating, after being treated by plasma, presented antifungal resistance equivalent to that existing when applied directly to the fungi. This result was justified based on the literature, in which plasma treatment with lipids stimulates the oxidation of lipid chains, resulting in the formation of carboxylic compounds, which have antimicrobial properties.

Modern bio-chemical sensors rely on functional interfacial architectures with well-defined structural nano-motifs over a physical transducer. Gold-coated interfaces are of particular interest for their desirable chemical (functionalization) and optical (plasmonic) properties. Here we investigate the cleaning and polishing of polycrystalline gold films in preparation of advanced surface functionalization. We focus on soft wet chemical etching to decrease the small-scale roughness commonly observed after evaporation or sputtering of gold. We show that optimized surfaces are obtained by etching in solutions of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. We systematically quantify the films wettability, surface nano-topography, UV-VIS spectrum and the electrochemical and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) changes throughout the etching process. Optimal results are obtained by etching with a HCl(37%):H2O2(30%):H2O mixture, with a volume ratio of reagents 3:3:94 during 15-20 minutes at room temperature for the main step. This reduces by a factor two the root-mean-square roughness, removes contaminants, increases hydrophilicity and modifies the gold surface by Au(Cl)x complexes. Significantly, the resulting the surface is hydrophilic enough to prevent globular proteins such as HSA to unfold upon deposition at concentrations more than ~1 mg/mL. Our protocol offers a simple, reliable and rapid method for the preparation of gold surface in view of further functionalization including the binding of receptor layers and various micro- and nanostructures required in chemical and biochemical sensing.

Sob condicoes ainda desconhecidas, cristais denominados de flor de sal, ou fleur de sel, como e comumente conhecido, pode ser formado na superficie de uma salmoura supersaturada durante a evaporacao da agua do mar nas salinas. Visando produzir flor de sal de uma maneira controlada e fazer melhor uso da solucao residual de salinas, denominada de agua-mae, o presente trabalho foi proposto. O mecanismo de crescimento, morfologia, microestrutura e composicao quimica dos sais obtidos foram estudados durante a evaporacao da agua-mae, cuja densidade variou de 1,230 g/cm³ para 1,244 g/cm³, mantendo fixos o gradiente termico e umidade relativa do ar. Analises quimicas, microestruturais e morfologicas foram usadas para caracterizacao. Cristais cubicos ocos foram obtidos cujas concentracoes ionicas foram dependents da densidade da solucao. O tamanho e massa dos cristais tambem foram dependentes da densidade da solucao. As amostras apresentaram fases contendo sulfatos como NaK3(SO4)2, Mg (SO4). (H2O) e K2SO4, cuja porcentagem aumentou levemente com o aumento da densidade. Mesmo assim, as porcentagens de NaCl foram acima de 90% para todas as amostras, mostrando que e possivel extrair flor de sal de alta pureza a partir de uma solucao residual hipersalina. Palavras chaves: flor de sal, agua-mae, crescimento de cristais, mecanismo, salina.

A 12.4 kDa laminarin (LM) composed of &beta, (1&rarr, 3)-glucan with &beta, 6)-branches was extracted from brown seaweed Lobophora variegata and modified via carboxylation using dielectric barrier discharge (LMC), conjugation with gallic acid (LMG), and sulfation (LMS). Analyses of the chemical composition of LMC, LMG, and LMS yielded 11.7% carboxyl groups, 1.5% gallic acid, and 1.4% sulfate content, respectively. Antioxidant activities of native and modified laminarins were assessed using six different in vitro methods. Sulfation stopped the antioxidant activities of LM. On the other hand, carboxylation improved cooper chelation (1.2 times). LMG was found to be a more efficient antioxidant agent than LM in terms of copper chelation (1.3 times), reducing power (1.3 times), and total antioxidant capacity (80 times). Gallic acid conjugation was further confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy analyses. LMG also did not induce cell death or affect the cell cycle of Madin&ndash, Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. On the contrary, LMG protected MDCK cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Taken together, these results show that LMG has the potent antioxidant capacity, and, therefore, potential applications in pharmacological and functional food products.

Control of BO6 octahedral rotations at the heterointerfaces of dissimilar ABO3 perovskites has emerged as a powerful route for engineering novel physical properties. However, its impact length scale is constrained at 2–6 unit cells close to the interface and the octahedral rotations relax quickly into bulk tilt angles away from interface. Here, a long‐range (up to 12 unit cells) suppression of MnO6 octahedral rotations in La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 through the formation of superlattices with SrTiO3 can be achieved. The suppressed MnO6 octahedral rotations strongly modify the magnetic and electronic properties of La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 and hence create a new ferromagnetic insulating state with enhanced Curie temperature of 235 K. The emergent properties in La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 arise from a preferential occupation of the out‐of‐plane Mn d 3z 2−r 2 orbital and a reduced Mn eg bandwidth, induced by the suppressed octahedral rotations. The realization of long‐range tuning of BO6 octahedra via superlattices can be applicable to other strongly correlated perovskites for exploring new emergent quantum phenomena.