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The article studies the histopathology of grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of New Zealand farmed red deer. The authors classified the MLNs used in the experiment as either low risk or high risk for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. They report that the age, sex and origin of the deer were found to be associated with the presence of one or more features, such as follicular hyperplasia, positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain, focal granulomas, and foci of macrophages containing lipopigment.

Solid-state systems such as P donors in Si have considerable potential for the realization of scalable quantum computation. Recent experimental work in this area has focused on implanted Si:P double quantum dots (DQDs) that represent a preliminary step towards the realization of single donor charge-based qubits. This paper focuses on the techniques involved in analysing the charge transfer within such DQD devices and understanding the impact of fabrication parameters on this process. We show that misalignment between the buried dots and surface gates affects the charge transfer behaviour, and identify some of the challenges posed by reducing the size of the metallic dot to the few donor regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determinative laboratory tests which distinguish Rhodococcus fascians from all other coryneform plant pathogenic bacteria were used to compare strains of this species with representative strains of Clavibacter spp. and Curtobacterium spp. The strains were also compared by colony hybridization using genomic DNA from R. fascians as a probe. Only strains of R. fascians authenticated with the determinative tests gave positive reactions to the probe. The pathogenicity of strains was tested in seedlings of Lathyrus odoratus L. (sweetpea) grown in soil, and aseptically in agar in tubes. Fasciation was induced in sweetpea by 20 strains of R. fascians from Begonia sp., Brodiaea laxa, Canca X heilbornn nm. pentagona, C. pubescens, Dahlia sp., Fragaria x ananassa, Lathyrus odoratus, and Verbascum nigrum. Strains of R. fascums from Chrysanthemum sp., Gladiolus sp., and Justida brandegeana did not induce fasciation in sweetpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors affecting use of fields by sandhill cranes were studied during 4 years near Last Mountain Lake, Saskatchewan. Depending on the year, 550&ndash700 fields (56% cereals) along roadside transects were observed up to twice dally from mid-August to late October. Over 95% of the cranes observed were on cereal fields. Excluding crops other than cereals, 65% were on awnless hard spring wheat, 21 % on soft durum wheat and 11% on barley. Some preference was shown for durum wheat, which comprised 10% of the cereal crops. Cranes tended to use harvested cereal fields in preference to swathed (windrowed) cereal. Use of harvested barley and hard spring wheat (but not durum wheat) fields was directly related to abundance of waste grain. Most foraging occurred within 8 km of roosting sites. Scaring or hunting cranes had no appreciable effect on their use of fields. Cranes were tolerant of a wide range of landscape and crop variables. Where cranes are a potential threat to cereal crops, harvesting the standing crop (foregoing swathing) has the greatest promise for preventing damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on obesity and its treatment. Increased exercise alone is an effective way of losing weight. It is difficult to assess accurately the risks of being obese, but data from the life insurance companies clearly indicate that those who are overweight are more likely to die prematurely, especially those who are grossly obese. There is also an increased morbidity from cardiovascular diseases. These risks can be lessened by a reduction of weight. At present, there is no easy or quick treatment for the obese. Most patients will require a complete re-education as to their diet with restriction of their intake of food and a permanent control of the number of calories they eat. In this article, two controversial forms of therapy in the management of the obese patient are discussed-the use of appetite suppressant drugs and intestinal by-pass surgery.

The article focuses on issues related to parenteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition is known also as intravenous feeding or hyperalimentation. Although widespread clinical use of parenteral feeding is relatively recent many attempts have been made during the past 100 years to nourish patients by the intravenous route. Glucose is the ideal carbohydrate in most cases of short-term parenteral nutrition and is probably the most popular. The technique for infusing parenteral nutrition varies widely. A peripheral vein can be used for short term infusion but the risk of phlebitis is high, especially with hyperosmolar solutions and the current trend is to opt more and more for central venous cannulation via either one of the arm veins or the subclavian vein.

Increasing Commonwealth Government desire to establish national priorities for road expenditure was successfully thwarted by constitutionally powerful State Governments until the early 1980s Political considerations interfered with the consistently efficiency-orientated national priorities suggested by the Commonwealth Government's advisory organisation. The paper evaluates efficiency, equality and equity as potential bases for road funding, before analysing what happened over the period 1972-86. The 1982 ABRD program allowed the Commonwealth to impose its priorities in an area of State constitutional authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]