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Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of negative energy balance (NEB) on the final growth of the dominant ovarian follicle in Holstein cows. Material and Methods Cows at 14 to 21 d postpartum from an intensive dairy farm were randomly selected and allocated into a positive energy balance group (PEB, with β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level < 1.2 mmol/L, n = 15) and an NEB group (BHBA > 1.2 mmol/L, n = 15). Plasma samples were collected at 21, 50 and 55 d postpartum to assess the concentrations of energy metabolites, minerals, hormones and cytokines. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasound on days 50 and 55 (120 hours later) to evaluate the diameter of the largest follicle. Results Compared with PEB cows, there were a more severe body condition loss and a lower milk yield in NEB cows (P < 0.05) and these had greater concentrations of plasma BHBA, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, urea nitrogen, growth hormone, interleukin 6, and fibroblast growth factor 21 and lesser concentrations of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and angiopoietin-like protein 8 on d 21 (P < 0.05), while plasma minerals were not affected by energy status (P > 0.05). These changes persisted until the end of the study period (50–55 days postpartum) resulting in a lower follicular growth rate for cows in the NEB than the PEB group. Conclusion These observations indicate that follicular growth rate is associated with measurable changes in energy metabolite, hormone and cytokine concentrations caused by early postpartum NEB.

The presence of excess glucose in blood is regarded as a sweet hurt for patients with diabetes. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in human plasma, which undergoes severe non-enzymatic glycation with glucose in patients with diabetes; this modifies the structure and function of HSA. Furthermore, the advanced glycation end products produced by glycated HSA can cause pathological damage to the human body through various signaling pathways, eventually leading to complications of diabetes. Many potential glycation sites on HSA have different degrees of sensitivity to glucose concentration. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the in vivo glycation sites of HSA; it also discusses the effects of glycation on the structure and function of HSA. Moreover, it addresses the relationship between HSA glycation and diabetes complications. Finally, it focuses on the value of non-enzymatic glycation of HSA in diabetes-related clinical applications.

The separation of C2H2 from C2H2/CO2 mixture is of great importance, yet highly challenging in the petrochemical industry due to their similar physicochemical properties. While open-metal sites (OMSs) in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are known to possess high affinity toward C2H2, its selective adsorption performance regulated by the electronic state of the same OMSs remains unexplored. Here, we report a metal electronic-state manipulation approach to construct a pair of isostructural Fe-MOFs, namely LIFM-26(Fe[II]/Fe[III]) and LIFM-27(Fe[III]) with different Fe[II] or Fe[III] oxidation states on the Fe centers, which display mixed-valent Fe[II]/Fe[III] centers in the former and sole Fe[III] centers in the latter. Remarkably, LIFM-26(Fe[II]/Fe[III]) shows significantly enhanced C2H2 uptake capacity than LIFM-27(Fe[III]), attested by adsorption isotherms and IAST calculations, as well as simulated and experimental breakthrough experiments. Furthermore, in situ infrared (IR) and molecular calculations unveil that the presence of Fe[II] in LIFM-26(Fe[II]/Fe[III]) results in stronger Fe[II]–C2H2 interactions than Fe[III]–C2H2, which plays a key role in the C2H2/CO2 separation.

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We consider the regular black holes solution with cosmic strings(RBHCS) in the rotation parameter by assuming the Newman-Janis method. After this, we study thermodynamical property (i.e., Hawking temperature $T_H$) for the RBHCS in the presence of spin parameter. Moreover, we study the graphical interpretation of Hawking temperature with event horizon to check the physical and stable form of RBHCS under the effect of Newman-Janis algorithm. We graphically show that the RBHCS in the context of Newman-Janis algorithm are colder than the Schwarzschild black hole. Furthermore, we investigate the quantum corrected temperature for RBHCS in Newman-Janis method by incorporating generalized uncertainty principle. We have also analyzed the graphical interpretation of corrected temperature $T'_{H}$ versus $r_{+}$ and study the stable condition of RBHCS in Newman-Janis method in the presence of gravity parameter effects. Finally, the corrected entropy for RBHCS with rotation parameter is analyzed., 12 pages,7 figures, version accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics A

The integrable Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel (LPD) equation originating in nonlinear fiber is studied in this work via the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach. First, we give the spectral analysis of the Lax pair, from which an RH problem is formulated. Afterwards, by solving the special RH problem with reflectionless under the conditions of irregularity, the formula of general [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions can be obtained. In addition, the localized structures and dynamic behaviors of the breathers and solitons corresponding to the real part, imaginary part and modulus of the resulting solution [Formula: see text] are shown graphically and discussed in detail. Unlike 1- or 2-order breathers and solitons, 3-order breathers and soliton solutions rapidly collapse when they interact with each other. This phenomenon results in unbounded amplitudes which imply that higher-order solitons are not a simple nonlinear superposition of basic soliton solutions.

In order to discover pesticidal lead compounds with high activity and low toxicity, a series of novel benzamides substituted with pyrazole-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole were designed via bioisosterism. The chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed via 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS analysis. The preliminary bioassay showed that most compounds exhibited good lethal activities against Mythimna separate, Helicoverpa armigera, Ostrinia nubilalis and Spodoptera frugiperda at 500 mg/L. Particularly in the case of Mythimna separate, compound 14q (70%) exhibited obvious insecticidal activity. In addition, compound 14h demonstrated good fungicidal activity against Pyricularia oryae with an inhibition rate of 77.8%, and compounds 14e, 14k, 14n and 14r also showed certain antifungal activities (55.6–66.7%). The zebrafish toxicity test showed that the LC50 of compound 14h was 14.01 mg/L, which indicated that it may be used as a potential leading compound for further structural optimization.

To develop new compounds with high activity, broad spectrum and low-toxicity, 17 benzamides substituted with quinoline-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole were designed using the splicing principle of active substructures and were synthesized. The biological activities were evaluated against 10 fungi, indicating that some of the synthetic compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities. For example, at 50 mg/L, the inhibitory activity of 13p (3-Cl-4-Cl substituted, 86.1%) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was superior to that of quinoxyfen (77.8%), and the inhibitory activity of 13f (3-CF3 substituted, 77.8%) was comparable to that of quinoxyfen. The fungicidal activities of 13f and 13p to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were better than that of quinoxyfen (14.19 mg/L), with EC50 of 6.67 mg/L and 5.17 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of 13p was 19.42 mg/L, classifying it as a low-toxic compound.

A facile and effective synthesis of 2-chloromethylpyridines was developed by a one-pot reaction of 2-alkylpyridin-N-oxides and triphosgene at room temperature. As starting materials, N-oxides of 2-alkylpyridine derivatives, including 2-alkylpyridines, 2-methyl quinolines, and phenanthroline, can react rapidly with triphosgene in the presence of triethylamine, affording 2-chloromethylpyridines in good to excellent yields (52-95%). Using the 2-methylquinoline substrate for the mechanistic study, it has been well demonstrated that the chlorination reaction undergoes a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, which can be observed as a reversible process by monitoring the intermediates. Moreover, the chlorination reaction can be used to construct a rapid and sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of phosgene.

AIM: To observe and compare the changes of macular vascular density and retinal thickness in children and adolescents with different degrees using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), then analyze their correlation.METHODS: Our prospective cross-sectional study included 230 eyes of 115 children and adolescents aged 6-18a. According to spherical equivalent power(SE), they were divided into four groups: emmetropia group(32 eyes of 16 cases), mild myopia group(94 eyes of 47 cases), moderate myopia group(68 eyes of 34 cases), and high myopia group(36 eyes of 18 cases). Using RTVue XR scans of the 6mm×6mm region of the macula, the system automatically divided it into three rings: 1mm(fovea)ring, 1mm-3mm(parafovea)ring, and 3mm-6mm(perifovea)ring. And each ring was further divided into four quadrants: temporal(T), superior(S), nasal(N), and inferior(I). Quantitatively analysis was performed for the superficial and deep capillary densities and retinal thickness of each sector.RESULTS: The superficial capillary density in the macula was in turn significantly decreased as in emmetropia(44.4±3.5)%, mild myopia(44.8±3.8)%, moderate myopia(44.3±3.8)%, and high myopia(42.6±4.5)% groups(F=2.963,P=0.033). The superficial capillary density of parafovea's temporal side were(46.1±3.5)%,(46.8±5.1)%,(46.2±4.3)%, and(43.8±5.5)% in the four groups, respectively(F=3.436, P=0.018). Similarly, the deep capillary density of the four groups was(49.9±4.1)%,(48.4±4.7)%,(47.9±5.5)%, and(45.3±4.7)%, respectively(F=4.806, P=0.003). The deep capillary density of the perifovea was(49±4.4)%,(47.2±5.2)%,(46.6±6)%, and(43.6±5.1)% in the 4 groups, respectively(F=5.495, P=0.001). The retinal thickness of the four groups was 293.9±12.9, 295.5±13.0, 290.9±12.0, and 284.5±10.7 μm(F=6.606, P

Background: Oxadiazole fragment is one of the most prevalent structures in biochemicals, especially in the research of new pesticides. It is necessary to develop new insecticides with a different mode of action for the treatment of insecticide resistance problems. And, it is worth exploring the new active insecticidal lead structures with oxadiazole fragments. Methods: We used a “splicing up” method introducing the trifluoromethyl-oxadiazole moiety to 3- (ethylsulfonyl)-pyridine structure, and replaced the 6-position on the pyridine ring by different substituted amines. Then, a series of novel 3-(ethylsulfonyl)-pyridines containing trifluoromethyloxadiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. All these title compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS. Results: The primary insecticidal activity results indicated that some of them (A1-A7, A10, A13- A14) exhibited good mortality against Mythimna separate at 500 mg/L (80-100%), and compounds A13 and A14 have moderate insecticidal activity against M. separate at 250 mg/L (50-55%). Discussion: The bioassay results showed that the designed compounds did not achieve excellent insecticidal activity by introducing the potential oxadiazole fragment. Therefore, it seems that the special physicochemical properties of the oxadiazole fragment should be considered in fragment splicing-based design. Conclusion: According to the bioassay studies, the results revealed that compounds A13 and A14 may provide useful information for further designing of efficient insecticides.

Background Previous studies investigated the potential mechanism of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) from extracranial artery plaque, but there has been no study other than a case report on high-risk intracranial plaque in ESUS. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the issue by evaluating the morphology and composition of intracranial plaque in patients with ESUS and small-vessel disease (SVD) using 3.0-T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Two hundred forty-three consecutive patients with ESUS and 160 patients with SVD-associated stroke between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Multidimensional parameters involving the presence of plaque on both sides, including remodeling index (RI), plaque burden, presence of discontinuity of plaque surface, thick fibrous cap, intraplaque hemorrhage, and complicated American Heart Association type VI plaque at the maximal luminal narrowing site, were evaluated using intracranial high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Results Among 243 patients with ESUS, the prevalence of intracranial plaque was much higher in the ipsilateral than the contralateral side (63.8% vs. 42.8%; odds ratio [OR]: 5.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.83 to 9.73), a finding that was not evident in patients with SVD (35.6% vs. 30.6%; OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 0.87 to 5.26; p = 0.134). Logistic analysis showed that RI was independently associated with ESUS in model 1 (OR: 2.329; 95% CI: 1.686 to 3.217; p Conclusions The present study supports an etiologic role of high-risk nonstenotic intracranial plaque in ESUS.

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease is a microvascular complication of diabetes with complex pathogenesis. Wingless signaling-mediated renal fibrosis is associated with diabetic kidney disease. Dickkopf-1, a negative regulator of Wingless, has been proven to participate in renal fibrosis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation. However, whether serum Dickkopf-1 levels are associated with diabetic kidney disease remains unclear. AIM To assess the relationship between serum Dickkopf-1 levels and albuminuria in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Seventy-three type 2 diabetes patients and 24 healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. Diabetic individuals were separated into normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria groups based on their urinary albumin/creatinine ratios (UACRs). Clinical characteristics and metabolic indices were recorded. Serum Dickkopf-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS No significant difference in serum Dickkopf-1 levels was found between healthy individuals and the normal albuminuria group. However, the levels in the microalbuminuria group were significantly lower than those in the normal albuminuria group (P = 0.017), and those in the macroalbuminuria group were the lowest. Bivariate analysis revealed that serum Dickkopf-1 levels were positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c level (r = 0.368, P < 0.01) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.339, P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with diabetes duration (r = -0.231, P = 0.050), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.369, P = 0.001), serum creatinine level (r = -0.325, P < 0.01), and UACR (r = -0.459, P < 0.01). Multiple and logistic regression showed that serum Dickkopf-1 levels were independently associated with UACR (odds ratio = 0.627, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION Serum Dickkopf-1 levels are negatively associated with UACR. Lower serum Dickkopf-1 levels could be a critical risk factor for albuminuria in diabetes.

Early detection of cervical lesions, accurate diagnosis of cervical lesions, and timely and effective therapy can effectively avoid the occurrence of cervical cancer or improve the survival rate of patients. In this paper, the spectra of tissue sections of cervical inflammation (n = 60), CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) I (n = 30), CIN II (n = 30), CIN III (n = 30), cervical squamous cell carcinoma (n = 30), and cervical adenocarcinoma (n = 30) were collected by a confocal Raman micro-spectrometer (LabRAM HR Evolution, Horiba France SAS, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France). The Raman spectra of six kinds of cervical tissues were analyzed, the dominant Raman peaks of different kinds of tissues were summarized, and the differences in chemical composition between the six tissue samples were compared. An independent sample t test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to analyze the difference of average relative intensity of Raman spectra of six types of cervical tissues. The difference of relative intensity of Raman spectra of six kinds of tissues can reflect the difference of biochemical components in six kinds of tissues and the characteristic of biochemical components in different kinds of tissues. The classification models of cervical inflammation, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical adenocarcinoma were established by using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Six types of cervical tissues were classified and identified with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 85.7%. This study laid a foundation for the application of Raman spectroscopy in the clinical diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

Four hemicyanine probes for selectively detecting sulfites (HSO3−/SO32−) have been constructed by the condensation reaction of 7-substituted (CN, Br, H and OH) phenothiazine aldehyde with 1-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylindolium iodide. All four probes show a fast and sensitive response to HSO3−/SO32− via a Michael addition, with a detection limit lower than 40 nM based on monitoring their UV/vis absorption changes. Although all four probes display an increase in fluorescence when responding to HSO3−/SO32−, the increment is larger for the probe with an electron-withdrawing group than the probe with an electron-donating group, except for Br. Thus, among four probes the 7-cyano probe (PI-CN) possesses the largest fluorescent response to HSO3−/SO32−, and the lowest detection limit (7.5 nM). More expediently and easily, a film and a test paper with PI-CN have been prepared to detect HSO3−/SO32− in a sample aqueous solution selectively. Finally, the detection of HSO3−/SO32− by PI-CN in biological environments has been demonstrated by cell imaging.

Negative energy balance (NEB) is an important risk factor for the dairy cow’s anoestrus. The purpose of the experiment is to screen out differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the follicular fluid (FF) of cows with anoestrus caused by NEB and oestrus from positive energy balance (PEB). NEB and PEB holstein cows were selected 14–21 days postpartum according to the serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and glucose (Glu). Based on the follicle diameter at 55–60 days postpartum, the two groups were assigned into the anoestrus group (NEB-A; n = 6; follicular diameter < 8 mm) and oestrus group (PEB-E; n = 6; follicular diameter: 15–20 mm). Their FF was aspirated in vivo to screen out DEPs, and analysed by bioinformatics. Five DEPs were verified by western blotting (WB). The study identified 367 proteins. Compared with PEB-E, NEB-A expressed 135 downregulated DEPs and 37 upregulated DEPs. RBP4 (retinol-binding protein 4), adiponectin B, SOD (superoxide dismutase), IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2), and CRP (C-reactive protein) were verified by WB, their may have confirmed that cellular lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and cellular immune function are related to follicular development and anoestrus.Highlights367 proteins identified in the Follicle fluid of dairy cows 55–60 days postpartum.In the Negative energy balance-anoestrus group, 172 differentially expressed proteins were identified—135 upregulated DEPs and 37 downregulated DEPs.Confirmed that postpartum Negative energy balance may affect cows’ oestrus behaviour or performance during early lactation by lipid metabolism, the IGF regulation system, and immune and complement systems. 367 proteins identified in the Follicle fluid of dairy cows 55–60 days postpartum. In the Negative energy balance-anoestrus group, 172 differentially expressed proteins were identified—135 upregulated DEPs and 37 downregulated DEPs. Confirmed that postpartum Negative energy balance may affect cows’ oestrus behaviour or performance during early lactation by lipid metabolism, the IGF regulation system, and immune and complement systems.

The Tuojiang River has multiple water sources and serious pollution problems, but its hydrological mechanism in the upper reaches is still unclear. To better understand the hydrological characteristics of the Tuojiang River, the isotopic compositions of its precipitation, river water and groundwater in the upper reaches have been investigated from May 2018 to April 2019. The results indicated that the isotope values of precipitation, river water and groundwater fluctuate significantly throughout the year with depleted value in the wet season and enriched value in the dry season. Spatially, the isotope values of river water increase gradually from upstream to downstream. River water is the main source of recharge to groundwater and precipitation is the minor one. The isotope-based hydrograph separation shows that the Mianyuan River and Pihe River contribute more greatly to Tuojiang River than the Shiting River and Yazi River. The mean residence time of river water from the Tuojiang River varies from 0.95 to 1.49 years, which indicates that rivers in the upper reaches of the Tuojiang River respond to precipitation quickly. This study proved the usefulness of stable isotopes to identify the different water cycle components and reflect the pollution problem in multiple water source confluence areas.

Background: Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare hereditary disease. A correct diagnosis of this disease might be delayed due to its rarity. Therefore, a deep understanding of the characteristics of this condition is necessary to assist in early diagnosis.Case presentation: A 16-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with the complaint of abdominal pain. The patient was examined to consider the diagnosis of acute portal vein thrombosis. In the previously-consulted hospital, the patient was diagnosed with "splenomegaly, portal hypertension, and hypoxemia" and treated with splenic resection. After surgery, he began developing portal vein thrombosis. Since the patient had the classic triad of reticulate hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia, these observations in combination with the patient's genetic testing report for hereditary diseases prepared outside our hospital led to the diagnosis of congenital dyskeratosis in our hospital. Conclusion: In the absence of any other evident reasons, when the patient presents with changes in the skin, nails, leukoplakia, etc., and multiple organ functions are affected at the same time, a diagnosis of dyskeratosis congenita should be suspected. A better understanding of the genetics underlying this rare disease condition would assist in improving its diagnosis and better monitoring disease progression and treatment.

The improper use of phosgene, either as a chemical warfare agent or a leak during chemical production, causes significant risks to human life and property. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a rapid and highly selective method for the detection of phosgene. In this article, a highly selective fluorescent sensor ONB with a BODIPY unit as a fluorophore and o-aminophenol as a reactive site was constructed for the selective and rapid detection of phosgene in solution. The ONB-containing nanofibers were sprayed onto a non-woven fabric by electrostatic spinning and cut into test films, which can be used well for the detection of gaseous phosgene. While, there were no reported bio-imaging applications for phosgene detection. In this work, nasal mucosa and lung samples from the mice exposed to gaseous phosgene after dropping the ONB solution through the nasal cavity achieved bio-imaging applications successfully.

Background: A meta-analysis was conducted to study the efficacy of sexual stimulation during the conservative treatment of distal ureteral stones. Methods: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) devoted to comparing the efficacy of sexual stimulus and placebo in treatment of distal ureteral stones were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The retrieval time ranged from the inception to December 31, 2021. RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by the stone passage rate and time and analgesic use. Results: A total of 6 RCTs comprising 535 cases of distal ureteral stones were included. 273 cases were associated with sexual intercourse or masturbation 3-4 times a week, and 262 cases received only conventional medical treatment. The pooled results showed that the 2-week (RR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.34, 2.33]) and 4-week (RR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.29, 1.69]) expulsion rates of the intervention group were significantly higher than in the control group (psConclusion: Proper sexual stimulation, such as sexual intercourse or masturbation 3-4 times weekly, can enhance the spontaneous expulsion of distal ureteral stones in patients presenting tolerable pain.

To evaluate the ability of the ForenSeqA total of 50 Zhejiang She ethnic group samples were sequenced with the ForenSeq kit on the MiSeq FGx platform. The data was analyzed using ForenSeqA total of 448 sequence polymorphic alleles were detected in 50 samples of Zhejiang She ethnic group. Compared with fragment length polymorphism detected by PCR-CE, 82 alleles were increased by MPS detection based on ForenSeq kit, and 7 SNPs variation were detected in the flanking regions of 6 loci. The 22 male individuals were genotyped, and total 19 haplotypes were detected in 24 Y chromosome STRs of these 22 males. The cumulative discrimination power of the 27 autosomal STRs was 1-8.87×10Based on MPS typing technology, using the ForenSeq kit greatly improves the detection efficiency. In addition, the 58 STRs have good genetic polymorphisms in Zhejiang She ethnic group, which are suitable for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic application.