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[Display omitted] • CuS doped with redox-reversible W species can achieve efficient PAA activation. • CH 3 C(O)OO is the main radical responsible for the TC abatement. • The Cu(I) site on the W-CuS surface is the main active site for PAA activation. • The reductive W(IV) component effectively promotes the Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycle. Recently, activation of peracetic acid (PAA) with the copper-based heterogeneous catalysts has been applied for organic pollutant abatement, yet the efficiency is limited by the sluggish Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycling. Regarding that reductive W(IV) can continuously effectively promote the regeneration of Cu(I) via the redox-reversible W(IV)/W(VI) couple, the W(IV) component is introduced to copper sulfide for efficient activation of PAA (simplified as the W-CuS/PAA process). Morphological and structural characterizations validate the incorporation of W(IV) component into the CuS lattice structure. Under neutral conditions, tetracycline (TC) can be completely removed within 30 min with the apparent first-order rate constant 5 times higher than that of the CuS/PAA process. CH 3 C(=O)OO is demonstrated as the main radical responsible for TC abatement by radical quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The redox properties and electron transfer capacity of CuS are significantly improved by the W(IV) component. The reductive W(IV) and S(–II) components facilitate the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycling with the concomitant generation of reactive radicals. In addition, the influence of various parameters and coexisting anions on TC abatement is systematically investigated. Four degradation pathways of TC are put forward and the toxicity of intermediates is evaluated. The W-CuS/PAA process shows superior reuse performance and excellent adaptability in different water matrices. This study highlights the capability of the W(IV) to modulate the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycle and proposes a feasible activator amelioration strategy for the efficient activation of PAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCOVID-19 was first discovered in December 2019 and has since evolved into a pandemic. ObjectiveTo address this global health crisis, artificial intelligence (AI) has been deployed at various levels of the health care system. However, AI has both potential benefits and limitations. We therefore conducted a review of AI applications for COVID-19. MethodsWe performed an extensive search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases for COVID-19–related English-language studies published between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. We supplemented the database search with reference list checks. A thematic analysis and narrative review of AI applications for COVID-19 was conducted. ResultsIn total, 11 papers were included for review. AI was applied to COVID-19 in four areas: diagnosis, public health, clinical decision making, and therapeutics. We identified several limitations including insufficient data, omission of multimodal methods of AI-based assessment, delay in realization of benefits, poor internal/external validation, inability to be used by laypersons, inability to be used in resource-poor settings, presence of ethical pitfalls, and presence of legal barriers. AI could potentially be explored in four other areas: surveillance, combination with big data, operation of other core clinical services, and management of patients with COVID-19. ConclusionsIn view of the continuing increase in the number of cases, and given that multiple waves of infections may occur, there is a need for effective methods to help control the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its shortcomings, AI holds the potential to greatly augment existing human efforts, which may otherwise be overwhelmed by high patient numbers.

Cocrystallization of 2-aminothiazole/2-aminobenzothiazole with a set of organic acids got a total of ten crystalline salts. The ten salts have been examined by XRD, IR and elemental analysis and the melting points of all salts were also reported. Their structural and supramolecular aspects are fully analyzed. The result reveals that among all the investigated crystalline solids the hetero N in thiazole kernels are protonated when the organic acids are deprotonated and the crystal packing is interpreted in terms of the strong charge-assisted N–H⋯O H-bond from the NH+ and the deprotonated acidic groups. Except the N–H⋯O H-bonds, the O–H⋯O H-bonds were found at 2 and 7 – 10. 1 and 3 have the additional N–H⋯Cl H-bonds, 7 displayed the N–H⋯Br H-bond. The N–H⋯N H-bonds were occurred in 1 and 2. There were O–H⋯S H-bonds in 2 and 9. Further analysis of the crystal packing of the salts told that a different set of additional O–O, O–S, Cl–S, S–C, Br–S, CH–O, CH–S, CH–Cl/CH 2 –Cl, CH-π, O-π, Cl-π and π-π contacts contribute to the stabilization and expansion of the total frameworks. For the interplay of the various weak nonbonding contacts these structures took on homo or hetero supramolecular synthons or both. The recognition of the base-acid in all the multicomponent crystals is based on the typical R 2 2(8) synthon except 1 and 9 – 10. Due to the synergetic effect of these weak bonds, 1 – 10 display 1D-3D structures. Image 1 • Ten organic salts have been prepared and characterized. • The different H-bonds in the salts have been analyzed. • The synthons were analyzed. • Discrete ions can be brought into 1D/3D structures via non-covalent bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the agreement and repeatability of scotopic pupil size measurement using 2WIN-S (Adaptica, Padova, Italy) portable refractor in Chinese adults. This prospective non-randomized open-label controlled study assessed the scotopic pupil size of 100 right eyes using OPD-Scan III (Optical path difference) (Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) and 2WIN-S. OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S measure pupil size using infrared light and detector, while 2WIN-S measures bilateral eyes simultaneously, OPD-Scan III measures unilateral eyes individually. Participants were first measured once using OPD-Scan III and two consecutive measurements were performed using 2WIN-S after 15 min of rest interval. The primary outcome was to evaluate the agreement between 2WIN-S and OPD-Scan III, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate the repeatability of 2WIN-S. Scotopic pupil size of 100 right eyes of 100 adults (28 male and 72 female) aged 18–53 years (mean 36 ± 12 years) was assessed using OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S, respectively. The mean scotopic pupil size of OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S was recorded to be 6.24 ± 0.88 mm and 6.27 ± 0.81 mm, respectively. For the mean scotopic pupil size of OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S the difference was − 0.03 mm (95%CI − 0.10 to 0.04 mm), p = 0.445, the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) was − 0.71 to 0.66 mm. ICC between the two devices was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.94) (ICC > 0.9 indicates excellent consistency). Coefficients of repeatability (CoR) of 2WIN-S was 0.37, which has a high repeatability. For the mean scotopic pupil size of 2WIN-S of the repeated measurements, the difference was -0.04 mm (95%CI − 0.08 to 0.01 mm), p = 0.019, the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) was − 0.41 to 0.32 mm, with a narrow LOA. However, the majority of the variations were less than ± 0.50 mm (98% of scotopic pupil size measurements were below this threshold), within the clinically acceptable range (± 0.50 mm). Our study showed excellent agreement between 2WIN-S and OPD-Scan III (ICC > 0.9) and a good repeatability of 2WIN-S (CoR = 0.37). This study suggests a novel technique for measuring pupillary responses in low light conditions, which can be considered an alternative to OPD-Scan III in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The G‐protein‐coupled human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a promising therapeutic target for pain management, inflammation, obesity, and substance abuse disorders. The structures of CB1‐Gi complexes in synthetic agonist‐bound forms have been resolved to date. However, the commercial drug recognition and Gq coupling mechanisms of CB1 remain elusive. Herein, the cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structure of CB1‐Gq complex, in fenofibrate‐bound form, at near‐atomic resolution, is reported. The structure elucidates the delicate mechanisms of the precise fenofibrate recognition and Gq protein coupling by CB1 and will facilitate future drug discovery and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evolutionarily conserved protein FBXO9 acts as a substrate receptor for the SKP1-cullin-1-RBX1 ubiquitin ligase and is implicated in cancer, exhibiting either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic effects depending on the specific tumor type. However, their role in lung cancer metastasis remains unclear. Methods: Lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA-based shRNA sequences for gene-specific knockdown were generated, and Lenti-CRISPR-Cas9 vectors containing gene-specific sgRNA sequences were designed. Gene overexpression was achieved using doxycycline-inducible lentiviral constructs, while gene knockdown or knockout cells were generated using shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9, respectively. Functional assays included migration, clonogenic survival assays, tumor sphere assays, and protein interaction studies using mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblot analysis. Results: This study identified FBXO9 as a crucial regulator that suppresses lung cancer cell migration, tumor sphere growth and restricts metastasis. We showed that FBXO9 facilitates the ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit A (ATP6V1A) of the Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), resulting in its interaction with the cytoplasmic chaperone HSPA8 and subsequent sequestration within the cytoplasm. This process hinders the assembly of functional V-ATPase, resulting in reduced vesicular acidification. In contrast, depletion of FBXO9 reduced ATP6V1A ubiquitination, resulting in increased V-ATPase assembly and vesicular acidification, thus promoting pro-metastatic Wnt signaling and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibitors targeting V-ATPase in inhibiting lung cancer metastasis in a mouse model. Finally, we established a correlation between lower FBXO9 levels and poorer survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Conclusion: These findings collectively elucidate the critical role of FBXO9 in regulating V-ATPase assembly and provide a molecular basis for FBXO9's function in inhibiting lung cancer metastasis. This highlights the potential therapeutic opportunities of FBXO9 supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthy lifestyles are crucial for preventing chronic diseases. Nonetheless, approximately 90% of Chinese community residents regularly engage in at least one unhealthy lifestyle. Mobile smart devices-based health interventions (mHealth) that incorporate theoretical frameworks regarding behavioral change in interaction with the environment may provide an appealing and cost-effective approach for promoting sustainable adaptations of healthier lifestyles. We designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of a socioecological model-guided, smart device-based, and self-management-oriented lifestyles (3SLIFE) intervention, to promote healthy lifestyles among Chinese community residents. Methods: This two-arm, parallel, cluster-RCT with a 6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up period foresees to randomize a total of 20 communities/villages from 4 townships in a 1:1 ratio to either intervention or control. Within these communities, a total of at least 256 community residents will be enrolled. The experimental group will receive a multi-level intervention based on the socioecological model supplemented with a multi-dimensional empowerment approach. The control group will receive information only. The primary outcome is the reduction of modifiable unhealthy lifestyles at six months, including smoking, excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unbalanced diet, and overweight/obesity. A reduction by one unhealthy behavior measured with the Healthy Lifestyle Index Score (HLIS) will be considered favorable. Secondary outcomes include reduction of specific unhealthy lifestyles at 3 months, 9 months, and 12 months, and mental health outcomes such as depression measured with PHQ-9, social outcomes such as social support measured with the modified Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, clinical outcomes such as obesity, and biomedical outcomes such as the development of gut microbiota. Data will be analyzed with mixed effects generalized linear models with family and link function determined by outcome distribution and accounting for clustering of participants in communities. Discussion: This study will provide evidence concerning the effect of a mHealth intervention that incorporates a behavioral change theoretical framework on cultivating and maintaining healthy lifestyles in community residents. The study will provide insights into research on and application of similar mHealth intervention strategies to promote healthy lifestyles in community populations and settings. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2300070575. Date of registration: April 17, 2023. https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Asymptomatic lacrimal canaliculus stones causing many stones without symptoms are rare. The patient recovered well within a week after dacryolith removal. This diagnosis is prevalent in this age group. However, asymptomatic nasolacrimal obstruction should be considered. Dacryoliths, also known as symptomatic stones, are frequently observed in the lacrimal drainage system. These stones manifest through symptoms such as conjunctivitis, discharge, and epiphora. Nevertheless, the occurrence of numerous stones in the lacrimal canaliculus, in the absence of apparent symptoms, is uncommon. In this study, we present a case with the presence of several stones within the inferior lacrimal canaliculus. A female patient, aged 74, appeared with bilateral senile cataracts and was scheduled for cataract surgery. During a standard ocular examination, it was observed that the tear meniscus height in the left eye had a greater magnitude compared with the right eye. Canaliculitis with dacryolith was verified using a series of diagnostic procedures, including physical inspection, fluorescent dye disappearance test, palpation, 50 Mhz ultrasound biomicroscope scan, and irrigation of the lacrimal canaliculi. Upon surgical investigation, the canaliculus obstruction was confirmed, characterized by the existence of many tiny dacryolith formations inside the inferior canalicular system. Following the surgical excision of the dacryoliths, the patient experienced a full remission within a week. While it is common for individuals in this age range to receive this diagnosis, it is important to consider silent nasolacrimal blockage as a potential alternative diagnosis. It is important to note that the presence of dacryoliths in the lacrimal drainage system might manifest independently of conjunctivitis. No discernible risk indicators were found in relation to the aforementioned patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high probability of hydrogen leaking from narrow cracks of the vessels, an experimental study is conducted to investigate the spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen released into a tube through inlets with different narrowness, including circular, square (length-width ratio χ = 1), and two slit shapes of χ = 2 and 3, with the same area. Pressure transducers and photoelectric sensors are used to detect shock wave dynamic variation and ignition occurrence. The results indicate that narrow inlets weaken the shock wave intensity and speed, and the weakening effect increases with narrowness. Moreover, spontaneous ignition is affected. The minimum burst pressure required for spontaneous ignition is higher in the cases with square and slit inlets. Most significantly, when χ is 3 , it is 2.5 times that of circular inlet. Meanwhile, for narrow inlets, the ignition flame intensity and speed are enhanced, and the inlet of χ = 2 has the greatest impact. • The influence of narrow releasing ports on self-ignition hydrogen is investigated. • Narrow ports weaken the shock wave intensity and speed. • It requires higher burst pressure for self-ignition under narrow ports. • The flame intensity is enhanced under narrow ports. • Different narrowness of the ports brings different effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simple protocol affords various N-alkylated sulfonamides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockers including tocilizumab and sarilumab were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2021 for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The use of sarilumab or tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients has been related to a reduction in mortality compared to standard care. Recent evidence has emerged concerning drug-induced liver injury (DILI) after sarilumab or tocilizumab applications in COVID-19 patients. Aims: The study aimed to estimate DILI associated with sarilumab or tocilizumab in treating moderate to severe patients infected with SARS-Cov-2. Methods: We conducted a retrospective pharmacovigilance study by data mining of the FDA's adverse event reporting systems (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2021 in confirmed COVID-19 patients. We analyzed DILI cases associated with tocilizumab or sarilumab in treating COVID-19 patients from the FAERS during this period. Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis of COVID-19 patients were utilized for case analysis, and we also next compared the onset time and fatality rates of DILI following tocilizumab or sarilumab. Results: A total of 275 cases of TCZ or SAR-related DILI reports were extracted. A total of 192 AEs cases were related to tocilizumab (TCZ), and 83 were related to sarilumab (SAR). In patients treated with TCZ, most were < 75 years old (51.57%), with more male than female (46.35% vs. 13.02%). The correlation between IL-6 receptor antagonists and DILI was stronger in SAR (ROR = 12.94; 95%CI 9.6–17.44) than in TCZ (ROR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.14–1.55). The onset time of DILI was different between TCZ and SAR, and a significant difference was observed in TCZ than SAR (P < 0.0001). A significant difference was observed in the mortality rate of TCZ and SAR (P = 0.0009). DILI associated with COVID-19 patients treated with TCZ appeared to have earlier onset-time (1(0–46) day) VS. SAR (3.5(0–27) day). Conclusion: This study shows strict monitor ought to be paid for TCZ or SAR when used for COVID-19 patients with poor liver function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Zinc finger and bric-a-brac/tramtrack/broad (ZBTB) domain-containing proteins have been reported to be associated with many tumors' development. However, in tumor initiation and progression, the role of ZBTB9, one of the protein family, and its prognostic value were yet to be elucidated in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC). Methods: We used R software and online bioinformatics analysis tools such as GEPIA2, cBioPortal, TIMER2, Metascape, UALCAN, STRING, TISIDB, and COSMIC to investigate ZBTB9's characteristics and function in LIHC, including abnormal expression, carcinogenic role, related signaling pathways and prognostic value. Furthermore, cell experiments (such as formation, wound healing, and transwell assays) and analyses based on clinical samples (such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and promoter methylation analysis) were conducted to verify pivotal conclusions. Results: ZBTB9 was overexpressed in LIHC samples compared to adjacent normal tissues. Through the analysis of genomic alteration and promoter hypomethylation, the clinical value and etiology of abnormal expression of ZBTB9 were preliminarily exlpored. Subsequent evidence showed that it could result in tumor progression and poor prognosis via activating cell cycle, DNA repair, MYC, and KRAS-associated signaling pathways as well as rendering immune dysregulation. After the knockdown of ZBTB9, evidently inhibited capacities of tumor cells proliferation and migration were observed. These results together indicated that ZBTB9 could be a promising prognostic biomarker and had the potential value to offer novel therapeutic targets for LIHC treatment. Conclusions: ZBTB9 was identified as a novel biomarker to predict the prognosis and tumor progression in LIHC, and a promising therapeutic target to invert tumor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive system. The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased significantly in China in recent years. Various clinical and pathological indicators are helpful for the diagnosis, clinical staging and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to observe the correlation between the expression of mismatch repair protein and serum tumor markers and Ki-67 proliferation index in colorectal cancer, and to analyze the prognostic value of mismatch repair protein, serum tumor markers and Ki-67 proliferation index. Methods: Data of 234 patients with colorectal cancer were collected after surgery in Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from July 2014 to June 2018, and the preoperative serum levels of tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, CA12-5), Ki-67 proliferation index and mismatch repair protein expression rate in surgical specimens were analyzed, in order to find the relationship between these clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Results: Among 234 postoperative specimens of colorectal cancer patients, a total of 29 cases (12.4%) had defective expression of mismatch repair protein (dMMR), and 205 cases (87.6%) had normal expression of mismatch repair protein (pMMR). In the correlation analysis of clinicopathological features, there were statistically significant differences in tumor primary site, differentiation type, stage, T stage and lymph node metastasis between dMMR group and pMMR group (P