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Based on the first-principles method of density functional theory, the microscopic mechanism of the effect of addition of alloying element Ru content on the stability and elastic properties of Laves phase TaCr2 was investigated by parameters such as formation enthalpy, electronic structure, and elastic constants. The addition of Ru atoms tends to preferentially occupy the lattice sites of Cr. With the increase in the Ru content, the alloying ability of Ta8Cr16−nRun (n = 0–6) becomes progressively weaker, the stability gradually decreases, whereas the Poisson's ratio grows. The bonding peak appears to drop and widen, weakening the bonding strength of Ta–Cr atoms, rendering the shear deformation to be performed easily, thereby improving toughness. When the Ru content rises to 20.83 at%, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the alloy attain the maximum value, the brittleness diminishes to the most extent, the resistance to elastic deformation is the strongest, as well at the optimum fracture toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microhaplotypes (MHs) were first recommended by Prof. Kidd for use in forensics because they can improve human identification, kinship analysis, mixture deconvolution, and ancestry prediction. Since their introduction, extensive research has demonstrated the advantages of MHs in forensic applications and provided useful data for different populations. Currently, two databases, ALFRED (ALlele FREquency Database) and MicroHapDB (MicroHaplotype DataBase), house the published MH information and population data. We previously constructed a single nucleotide polymorphism SNP-SNP MH database (D-SNPsDB) of MHs within 50 bp on the whole human genome for 26 populations integrating basic data such as physical genome positions, mapping of variant identifiers (rsIDs), allele frequencies, and basic variant information. Building upon the previous research, we further selected MHs containing at least two variants (SNPs and/or insertions/deletions [InDels]) within a short DNA fragment (≤ 50 bp) in 26 populations based on the 1000 Genomes Project dataset (Phase 3) to construct a more comprehensive database. Subsequently, we established a user-friendly website that allows users to search the MH database (MHBase) based on their research objectives and study population to find suitable loci and provides other functions such as querying reported loci, performing online calculations using the PHASE software, and calculating ancestral-related parameters. The loci in the database are classified as SNP-based MHs, which include only SNPs, and InDel-including MHs, which contain at least one InDel. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the MHBase and an analysis of shared loci at the global and continental levels, ancestral markers, the genetic distance within loci, and mapping with the genome annotation file. The website is an accessible and useful tool for researchers engaged in marker discovery, population studies, assay development, and panel design. • A database of MHs (MHBase) with ≥2 SNPs/InDels within 50 bp in 26 populations was constructed. • We explored the forensic application potential of the database. • A website was established to access the MH database (MHBase) according to user interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have gained considerable attention owing to their excellent mechanical properties. In this study, the combined effects of vanadium (V) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and strengthening mechanism of Ti 2 ZrNbHfV x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1, respectively) are investigated. The results indicate that all Ti 2 ZrNbHfV x alloys present a BCC single phase with a typical dendritic microstructure. The yield strength (YS) increase with the increasing V content. Among them, the Ti 2 ZrNbHfV RHEA has a YS of up to 1008 MPa, a compressive strain of >50%, and a specific yield strength (SYS) of 134.20 KPa·m3·kg−1. Furthermore, the Vickers hardness increases from 230.23 to 328.80 HV. High YS is mainly derived from solid-solution and fine-grain strengthening. The YS of Ti 2 ZrNbHfV x RHEAs is mostly obtained from atomic radius and shear modulus misfits, according to the solution strengthening model. The present study provides not only a solution for achieving a strength-ductility synergy but also insights into the development of RHEAs with excellent mechanical properties. [Display omitted] • A series of novel RHEAs with excellent strength and ductility was designed by alloying means. • The TiZrNbHfV RHEA has a yield strength of 1008 MPa and a compressive plasticity >50%. • The comprehensive effect of V addition on mechanical properties has been investigated. • Strength improvement was attributed to the solid solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]