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BACKGROUND: Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in cancer is a priority for the public health agenda. A systematic assessment and benchmarking of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer across many countries and over time in Europe is not yet available.METHODS: Census-linked, whole-of-population cancer-specific mortality data by socioeconomic position, as measured by education level, and sex were collected, harmonized, analysed, and compared across 18 countries during 1990-2015, in adults aged 40-79. We computed absolute and relative educational inequalities; temporal trends using estimated-annual-percentage-changes; the share of cancer mortality linked to educational inequalities.FINDINGS: Everywhere in Europe, lower-educated individuals have higher mortality rates for nearly all cancer-types relative to their more highly-educated counterparts, particularly for tobacco/infection-related cancers [relative risk of lung cancer mortality for lower- versus higher-educated = 2.4 (95% confidence intervals: 2.1-2.8) among men; = 1.8 (95% confidence intervals: 1.5-2.1) among women]. However, the magnitude of inequalities varies greatly by country and over time, predominantly due to differences in cancer mortality among lower-educated groups, as for many cancer-types higher-educated have more similar (and lower) rates, irrespective of the country. Inequalities were generally greater in Baltic/Central/East-Europe and smaller in South-Europe, although among women large and rising inequalities were found in North-Europe (relative risk of all cancer mortality for lower- versus higher-educated ≥1.4 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and the England/Wales). Among men, rate differences (per 100,000 person-years) in total-cancer mortality for lower-vs-higher-educated groups ranged from 110 (Sweden) to 559 (Czech Republic); among women from approximately null (Slovenia, Italy, Spain) to 176 (Denmark). Lung cancer was the largest contributor to inequalities in total-cancer mortality (between-country range: men, 29-61%; women, 10-56%). 32% of cancer deaths in men and 16% in women (but up to 46% and 24%, respectively in Baltic/Central/East-Europe) were associated with educational inequalities.INTERPRETATION: Cancer mortality in Europe is largely driven by levels and trends of cancer mortality rates in lower-education groups. Even Nordic-countries, with a long-established tradition of equitable welfare and social justice policies, witness increases in cancer inequalities among women. These results call for a systematic measurement, monitoring and action upon the remarkable socioeconomic inequalities in cancer existing in Europe.FUNDING: This study was done as part of the LIFEPATH project, which has received financial support from the European Commission (Horizon 2020 grant number 633666), and the DEMETRIQ project, which received support from the European Commission (grant numbers FP7-CP-FP and 278511). SV and WN were supported by the French Institut National du Cancer (INCa) (Grant number 2018-116). PM was supported by the Academy of Finland (#308247, # 345219) and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 101019329). The work by Mall Leinsalu was supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant PRG722).

Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory and communication theory of resilience (CTR), the current study investigated how women narratively constructed resilience surrounding pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the adverse effects of stress on pregnant individuals and their babies, it is important to understand the triggers and process of resilience in this context. We interviewed 21 cisgender women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic to solicit their stories of stress and resilience. Findings revealed that pregnant women managed structural, informational, and interpersonal stressors unique to the COVID-19 pandemic. They engaged in re-storying to reconcile the gap between their expected pregnancy, fueled by the U.S. master narrative of pregnancy and birth, and their lived pregnancy during a pandemic. Participants demonstrated narrative resilience through

The association between alcohol intake and stomach cancer risk remains controversial. We undertook a pooled analysis of data from six large‐scale Japanese cohort studies with 256 478 participants on this topic. Alcohol intake as ethanol was estimated using a validated questionnaire. The participants were followed for incidence of stomach cancer. We calculated study‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stomach cancer according to alcohol intake using a Cox regression model. Summary HRs were estimated by pooling the study‐specific HRs using a random‐effects model. During 4 265 551 person‐years of follow‐up, 8586 stomach cancer cases were identified. In men, the multivariate‐adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of stomach cancer were 1.00 (0.87‐1.15) for occasional drinkers, and 1.00 (0.91‐1.11) for, Alcohol intake increased stomach cancer risk in men, and heavy drinkers showed a greater point estimate of risk for proximal cancer than for distal cancer.

While reactions between ions and neutral molecules in the gas phase have been studied extensively, reactions between molecular ions of same polarity remain relatively unexplored. Herein we show that reactions between fragment ions generated in the gas phase and molecular ions of the same polarity are possible by soft-landing of both reagents on surfaces. The reactive [B12 I11 ]1- anion was deposited on a surface layer built up by landing the generally unreactive [B12 I12 ]2- . Ex-situ analysis of the generated material shows that [B24 I23 ]3- was formed. A computational study shows that the product is metastable in the gas phase, but a charge-balanced environment of a grounded surface may stabilize the triply charged product, as suggested by model calculations. This opens new opportunities for the generation of highly charged clusters using unconventional building blocks from the gas phase.

This paper highlights an innovative, low-cost rapid-prototyping method for generating microfluidic chips with extraordinary short fabrication times of only a few minutes. Microchannels and inlet/outlet ports are created by controlled deposition of aqueous microdroplets on a cooled surface resulting in printed ice microstructures, which are in turn coated with a UV-curable acrylic cover layer. Thawing leaves an inverse imprint as a microchannel structure. For an exemplary case, we applied this technology for creating a microfluidic chip for cell-customized optical-cell analysis. The chip design includes containers for cell cultivation and analysis. Container shape, length, position, and angle relative to the main channel were iteratively optimized to cultivate and analyze different cell types. With the chip, we performed physiological analyses of morphologically distinct prokaryotic Corynebacterium glutamicum DM1919, eukaryotic Hansenula polymorpha RB11 MOX-GFP, and phototrophic Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells via quantitative time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. The technology is not limited to rapid prototyping of complex biocompatible microfluidics. Further exploration may include printing with different materials other than water, printing on other substrates in-situ biofunctionalization, the inclusion of electrodes and many other applications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Molecular diagnostics provide a rapid and sensitive diagnosis of gastroenteritis compared with a stool culture. In this study, we seek to describe the changes in medical management and outcomes of children with Salmonella gastroenteritis as our hospital system adopted molecular diagnostics. METHODS This study is a retrospective chart review of children RESULTS Of 965 eligible patients with Salmonella gastroenteritis, 264 (27%) had a stool molecular test and 701 (73%) only had a stool culture performed. Groups were similar in age and presentation. Those diagnosed by molecular methods had higher hospitalization rates (69% vs 50%, P CONCLUSIONS The rapid diagnosis of Salmonella gastroenteritis by molecular methods was associated with increased hospital admission rates, blood culture obtainment, and antibiotic use. This suggests possible overmedicalization of uncomplicated Salmonella gastroenteritis, and clinicians should remain cognizant of the possibility of providing low-value care for uncomplicated disease.

In 2005, a new type of mass spectrometer was commercialised for the first time, the Thermo Fisher Scientific OrbitrapTM. Using a Quadro-Logarithmic Electrostatic Ion Trap technology, Orbitrap mass spectrometers are able to reach ultra-high mass resolution1. For a decade, the Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace (LPC2E) is developing a spatialised version of the Orbitrap, the CosmOrbitrap2, to bring this high resolution in space exploration. The CosmOrbitrap is intended to be the mass analyser and acquisition system of laser ablation mass spectrometers aiming for planetary bodies like Europa or the Moon3,4.In this context, OLYMPIA - Orbitrap anaLYser MultiPle IonisAtion – has been develop to be used as a new laboratory test bench, and is adaptable to different ionisation methods. After a successful study of planetary atmosphere analogues using Electron Ionisation (EI)5, we now coupled OLYMPIA with the Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption technique to analyse liquid water samples. For example, LILBID is able to accurately reproduce hypervelocity impact ionisation icy grains mass spectra6, such as those recorded by the Comic Dust Analyser7 (CDA) onboard Cassini in the vicinity of Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus. The LILBID setup is usually coupled with a Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, with a mass resolution of ~800 m/Δm. By coupling the LILBID technique to OLYMPIA and its Orbitrap analyser, we are now able to record hypervelocity icy grains analogue mass spectra with ultra-high mass resolution. The setup is currently able to measure H2O+ and H3O+ ions with a mass resolution of around 150.000 m/Δm (FWHM), with the spectral appearance matching mass spectra of icy grains impact ionisation in an impact velocity range of 15 to 20km/s. Future work aims to simulate lower impact velocities below 15 km/s as they are typically expected for flyby or orbiter missions.Those results will be implemented in the LILBID database8, and will be useful for the calibration and future data interpretation of the SUrface Dust Analyser (SUDA) mass spectrometer9, which will be onboard NASA’s Europa Clipper mission10 to characterize the habitability of Jupiter’s icy moon Europa. References1. Makarov, A. Electrostatic Axially Harmonic Orbital Trapping: A High-Performance Technique of Mass Analysis. Anal. Chem. 72, 1156–1162 (2000).2. Briois, C. et al. Orbitrap mass analyser for in situ characterisation of planetary environments: Performance evaluation of a laboratory prototype. Planet. Space Sci. 131, 33–45 (2016).3. Arevalo, R. et al. An Orbitrap-based laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometer designed for spaceflight. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 32, 1875–1886 (2018).4. L. Willhite et al. CORALS: A Laser Desorption/Ablation Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer for In Situ Exploration of Europa, 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-13, doi: 10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438221.5. Zymak, I. et al. OLYMPIA - a compact laboratory Orbitrap-based high-resolution mass spectrometer laboratory set-up: Performance studies for gas composition measurement in analogues of planetary environments. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU21/EGU21-8424.html (2021) doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8424.6. Klenner, F. et al. Analogue spectra for impact ionization mass spectra of water ice grains obtained at different impact speeds in space. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 33, 1751–1760 (2019).7. Srama, R. et al. The Cassini cosmic dust analyser. Space Sci. Rev. Volume 114, 465–518 (2004).8. Klenner, F. et al. Developing a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption Spectral Database as Reference for Spaceborne Mass Spectrometers. Earth and Space Science Under Review (2022).9. Kempf, S. et al. SUDA: A Dust Mass Spectrometer for Compositional Surface Mapping for a Mission to Europa. European Planetary Science Congress 2014, EPSC2014-229.10. Howell, S. M. & Pappalardo, R. T. NASA’s Europa Clipper—a mission to a potentially habitable ocean world. Nat. Commun. 11, 1311 (2020).

Computational Literary Studies Infrastructure, funded by the Horizon2020 grant scheme, is a four-year, pan-European project that aims to unify the diverse landscape of computational text analysis, in terms of available texts, tools, methods, practices and so forth, within its growing international user community. The project started out in February 2021, meaning that it has been underway for just over a year. In our poster we discuss the various deliverables and activities that have come out of the CLS INFRA project in its first quarter to give an idea of its impact in practice.&nbsp

This deliverable summarises the work done to compile a comprehensive overview of the landscape of literary corpora and sources currently available. It describes the methodological approach of the work group and analyses the various challenges encountered in the effort to collect information about these resources and consolidate them into a structured form. Based on an initial inventory of 86 corpora or corpus sets, the report exemplifies their wide variety with respect to structure, context and purpose, and consequently the differing modes of provisioning. It also proposes a technological path towards making this information searchable via a central discovery catalogue by discussing principal design decisions regarding the data model and the technology stack needed for such a task.

This is a revew of the present-day data lanscape prepared as deliverable 5.1. in the framework of the Horizon2020 Project "Computational Literary Studies Infrastracture". It contains following sections: 1. Introduction: Enhancing Data Findability and Accessibility……………………..……..4 2. Reference Case Studies Highlighting Research Context and Corpus Design (Haiku, Slovak Novel)…………………………………………………………………………..7 3.Research Context: Impact of the Digital Paradigm on Literary Text Collections….…..9 3.1. “Literary” (Return of Essentialism, Poetics, and Classifications)……………………..12 3.2. “Text” (between Bag of Words and Ordered Hierarchy of Content Objects)………..15 3.3. Modelling vs. Exploratory Approaches to Textual Data……………………………….18 3.4. Use Case: Collecting the Haiku………………………………………………………….20 4. Corpus Design: Methods of Selection and Sampling (Use Case: the Slovak Novel)….23 4.1. Typology of Corpora According to Their Purpose……………………………………..25 4.1.1. General-Purpose Collections……………………………………………………….....26 4.1.2. Reference Corpora (Subcorpora of)………………………………………………….28 4.1.3. Digital Critical Editions………………………………………………………………….29 4.1.4. Monitor Corpora…………………………………………………………………………30 4.1.5. Corpora Compiled on the Basis of a Research Question…………………………..31 4.1.6. Opportunistic Corpora………………………………………………………………….31 4.2. Key Considerations for Selection and Sampling (Relative to Different Types of Corpora, e.g. Exploratory or Modelling)…………………………………………...…………32 4.2.1. Corpus Architecture / Composition (Size, Eligibility, Structuring of Texts and Annotations, Entity Typing)……………………………………………………………………34 4.2.2. Completeness…………………………………………………………………………..36 4.2.3. Representativeness…………………….………………………………………………37 4.2.4. Proportion (Balance)……………………………………………………………………38 4.2.5. Frequent Biases………………………………………………………………………...39 4.3. Data Formats………………………………………………………………………………41 4.4. Metadata’s Formats and Structures (Generic vs. Domain-Specific Repositories)….42 4.5. Access to Corpus Data: Retrieval Tools (GUI, APIs, OAI-PMH)…………………….45 5. Legal and Ethical Considerations………………………………………………………….46 6. Outlook……………………………………………………………………………………….51 &nbsp