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info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Comm. 10th European Nutrition Conference – Paris (France), 10-07-2007

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SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: le.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ed.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

FLWNO, info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Comm. Meeting of the Belgian Society of Fundamental and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology – Brussels, 06.05.2006

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Comm. 19th World Diabetes Congress – Cape Town (South Africa), 05.12.2006

Considering the insufficient supply of long-chain polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids often prevailing in Western populations, this report deals mainly with alterations of Ca2+ fluxes and Ca2+-dependent insulin secretory events in isolated pancreatic islets from ω-3-depleted rats. In terms of 45Ca2+ handling, the islets from ω-3-depleted rats, compared with those from normal animals, displayed an unaltered responsiveness to an increase in extracellular K+ concentration, a lower inflow rate and lower fractional outflow rate of the divalent cation, and higher 45Ca2+-labeled cellular pool(s) at isotopic equilibrium. The latter anomaly was corrected 120 min after intravenous injection of a novel medium-chain triglyceride-fish oil (MCT:FO) emulsion, distinct from a control ω-3-poor MCT-olive oil (MCT:OO) emulsion. At 8.3 mM D-glucose, insulin release was higher in islets from ω-3-depleted rats vs. control animals, coinciding with a higher cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The relative magnitude of the increase in insulin output attributable to a rise in D-glucose as well as extracellular Ca 2+ or K+ concentration, to the absence vs. presence of verapamil and to the presence vs. absence of extracellular Ca2+, theophylline, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or Ba2+, was always more pronounced in islets from ω-3-depleted rats injected with the MCT:OO compared with the MCT:FO emulsion. A comparable situation prevailed when comparing islets from noninjected ω-3-depleted and normal rats. In light of these and previous findings, we propose that an impairment of Na +,K+-ATPase activity plays a major, although not an exclusive, role in the perturbation of Ca2+ fluxes and Ca 2+-dependent secretory events in the islets from ω-3-depleted rats. Copyright © 2006 the American Physiological Society., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Comm. 6es Journées Francophones de Nutrition – Nice (France), 29.11.2006

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The liver phospholipid and triglyceride content and/or fatty acid pattern differ(s) not solely in normal versus diabetic rats, but also in distinct rat models of diabetes mellitus. The present study reveals that a comparable situation prevails in the brain. Fed and overnight fasted female normal rats (N) and Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK), as well as fed rats rendered diabetic by a prior injection 3 days before sacrifice of streptozotocin (STZ) were examined. The brain phospholipid content, expressed as milligrams of fatty acids per gram wet weight, was comparable in all groups of rats, with an overall mean value of 31.2 ± 0.8 (n = 22). The GK rats differed from N and STZ rats by lower C18:0/C18:1ω9 and C18:2ω6/C18:3ω6 ratios and a lower C20:5ω3 content of brain phospholipids. The total amount of fatty acids in triglycerides was 7-8 times higher in GK than N and STZ rats. The GK rats differed from N and STZ rats by lower C16:0/C16:1ω7, C18:0/C18:1ω9 and (C16:0 + C16:1ω7)/(C18:0 + C18:1ω9) ratios in triglycerides. These findings extend to the brain, the knowledge of alterations in phospholipid and triglyceride content and/or fatty acid pattern in GK rats, as compared to N or STZ rats. The former rats indeed displayed: (i) an apparently increased activity of Δ9- and Δ6-desaturases, as suggested by the phospholipid measurements, and a decreased C20:5ω3 content in such phospholipids; (ii) a dramatic increase in brain triglyceride content; and (iii) an increased activity of Δ9-desaturase, as well as elongase, as judged from the triglyceride data. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerine (NTG), are widely used for their potent vasodilator capacity in the management of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Unfortunately, their beneficial effect is rapidly lost due to the development of nitrate tolerance, which is translated by an impaired vasorelaxation to NTG and an increased oxidative stress production. Although the mechanisms of the development of nitrate tolerance are still not fully elucidated, much interest has been focused in treating nitrate-receiving patients together with other drugs in order to overcome the development of nitrate tolerance. The Nitric Oxide generating enzyme, eNOS, and the superoxide anion generating enzyme, NAD(P)H oxidase, have been suggested to play a role in the development of nitrate tolerance. The aim of this study was to analyse the underlying mechanism by which ramipril, an ACE inhibitor and rosuvastatin, a new molecule of the statin class, are able to protect against the development of nitrate tolerance in the aortas isolated from rats, wild-type (wt) and eNOS-/- mice. These results show that ramipril as well as rosuvastatin are able to protect against the development of nitrate tolerance in the wt and eNOS-/- mice aortas suggesting that eNOS is not necessary for their protective effect. The aortas from nitrate tolerant rats and mice showed a significant increase in the NAD(P)H oxidase activation compared to the aortas from the control and from the co-treated ramipril+NTG or rosuvastatin+NTG animals. In line with these findings were the results obtained by RT-PCR analysis: the mRNA expression of the different subunits of the NAD(P)H oxidase, such as gp91phox, p22phox, were significantly decreased after rosuvastatin or ramipril treatment in wt and eNOS-/- mice aortas. Apocynin, the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor was also able to inhibit the development of nitrate tolerance in the rat and mouse aortas. In conclusion, these results suggest that rosuvastatin and ramipril, Doctorat en sciences pharmaceutiques, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La ghréline est un peptide de 28 acides aminés, produit principalement par l’estomac et caractérisé par la présence d’un groupement octanoyl sur la sérine en position 3 (Kojima et al. 1999). La ghréline stimule la libération de l’hormone de croissance (GH) et régule la prise alimentaire et le métabolisme énergétique (Gualillo et al. 2003). Ces activités biologiques sont principalement médiées par le « growth hormone secretagogue receptor » (GHS-R). Deux sous-types de GHS-R, produits par épissage alternatif d’un même gène, ont été clonés :le GHS-R 1a, dont l’activation entraîne une libération de calcium via la formation d’inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), et le GHS-R 1b, qui ne semble pas lié à une activité biologique (Howard et al. 1996). La première partie de mon travail de thèse consistait en l’étude de la dégradation de la ghréline. La ghréline circule dans le sang principalement sous forme de des-acyl ghréline, une forme de ghréline dépourvue du groupement octanoyl qui ne se lie pas au GHS-R 1a. Peu d’études ont été réalisées sur le catabolisme de la ghréline. Les enzymes impliquées dans la dégradation de la ghréline étant des régulateurs importants de son activité biologique, le but de cette étude était d’identifier les sites de clivage et les enzymes impliquées dans la dégradation de la ghréline par du sérum, des sous-fractions plasmatiques et des homogénats de tissus. Nous avons montré qu’au contact de sérum humain et de rat, la ghréline est désoctanoylée, sans protéolyse. Dans le sérum humain, nous avons montré que la butyrylcholinestérase et la « platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase » (PAF-AH), une phospholipase associée aux lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL), sont impliquées dans ce phénomène (articles n°1 et n°2). En parallèle, nous avons montré que la ghréline peut être transportée dans la circulation sanguine par les lipoprotéines riches en triglycérides (TRL), les LDL, et les lipoprotéines de haute et de très haute densité (HDL et VHDL) (a, Doctorat en sciences pharmaceutiques, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

SCOPUS: ed.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Pres. 9th International Symposium on Molecular Medicine – Hersonissos (Creta), 12.10.2006

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Second generation rats depleted in long-chain polyunsaturated omega3 fatty acids are currently used as an animal model for the insufficient dietary supply of such fatty acids often prevailing in Western populations. The present study deals mainly with the effects of a novel medium-chain triglyceride: fish oil emulsion (MCT:FO), as compared to a control medium-chain triglyceride:olive oil emulsion (MCT: OO), administered as an intravenous bolus to the omega3-depleted rats 60-120 min before sacrifice upon selected biochemical and biophysical variables. The major findings consisted of a severe decrease of the omega3 fatty acid content of liver lipids in non-injected omega3-depleted rats and its partial correction after injection of the MCT:FO emulsion. The omega3-depleted rats also displayed liver steatosis, increased incorporation of long-chain polyunsaturated omega6 fatty acids in liver phospholipids and increased activity of liver Delta9-desaturase. As judged from the effects of ouabain upon 86Rb net uptake by isolated pancreatic islets, the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase was virtually abolished in the omega3-depleted rats. The latter defect was corrected by prior intravenous injection of the MCT:FO emulsion, this coinciding with suppression of the excessive secretory response to a number of insulin secretagogues otherwise observed in the islets of omega3-depleted rats injected or not with the MCT:OO emulsion., Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Background: Results of a pilot study suggested that cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) improved LDL phenotype in moderately overweight subjects with LDL phenotype B. Objective: Initiated by the results of this pilot study, we have specifically designed a study to test the hypothesis that cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid improves LDL phenotype in moderately overweight subjects with LDL phenotype B. Effects on the serum lipid profile, on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and on clinical parameters were also examined. Design: Volunteers with LDL phenotype B were divided into three groups consuming daily a drinkable dairy product not enriched with CLA (placebo, n = 34), the same dairy product enriched with 3 g c9, t11 CLA (n = 34), or the dairy product enriched with 3 g t10, c12 CLA (n = 19) for 13 weeks. Results: Median changes in the proportions of plasma small dense LDL were -2.0% in the control group and -0.1% in the c9, t11 CLA and t10, c12 CLA groups (p = 0.981 for the differences between the groups). c9, t11 CLA or t10, c12 CLA did also not affect serum concentrations of LDL and HDL cholesterol, and of triacylglycerol, and plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin. Conclusions: In humans with LDL phenotype B, c9, t11 CLA and t10, c12 CLA do not beneficially change risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A rapid supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be indicated in some acute conditions because of the ability of n-3 PUFA to decrease inflammatory responses and cell sensitivity to various stimuli, and to improve endothelial dysfunction. To achieve these objectives, n-3 PUFA content needs to be quickly raised in cell membranes of key organs. Intravenous fish oil (FO) emulsions are available but their slow hydrolysis limits their infusion rate. Mixtures containing both FO triglycerides and medium chain triglycerides may overcome this problem. These new preparations are rapidly cleared from plasma and efficiently deliver n-3 PUFA to several tissues, largely via direct particle uptake. Recent data suggest that n-3 PUFA incorporation in phospholipids promptly modulates important cell functions. This review also focuses on a novel approach to rapidly supply n-3 PUFA to targeted organs which may offer interesting perspectives in the management of acute illnesses. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Hypercholesterolemia is a frequent complication in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine A (CsA). Whether it is preferable to treat hypercholesterolemia with statins or to switch patients from CsA to tacrolimus (TRL) has not been investigated., Controlled Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Attention was recently drawn to differences in the fatty acid pattern of liver phospholipids and triglycerides in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present study extends this knowledge to epididymal or parametrial adipose tissue lipids. The fatty acid pattern of such lipids was established in four fed female normal rats, four overnight fasted female normal rats, six fed female rats rendered diabetic by an injection of streptozotocin 3 days before sacrifice (STZ rats), and four female and four male Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK rats) also examined in the fed or fasted state. In addition to the fasting-induced and diabetes-related changes in plasma D-glucose and insulin concentrations, differences in either the weight percentage of fatty acids or the paired ratio between distinct fatty acids were often encountered. For instance, in the GK rats, gender differences were observed in the weight percentage of C18:2omega6, as well as C18:2omega6/C18:3omega6, C18:3omega6/C20:4omega6, C20:5omega3/C22:5omega3 and C22:5omega3/C22:6omega3 ratios. When compared to normal rats, the activity of Delta9-desaturase was markedly increased in GK rats and, to a lesser extent, in STZ rats. Starvation also increased to some extent the activity of Delta9-desaturase. The relative content of C22:6omega3 was also higher in diabetic than in normal rats. Further differences between GK and STZ rats concerned the generation of C18:3omega6 from C18:2omega6, C20:4omega6 from C18:3omega6, and C20:5omega3 from C18:3omega3. Several differences found in the adipose tissue of GK versus STZ rats were reminiscent of those recently identified in the liver triglycerides of these two types of diabetic animals, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism, possibly linked to the higher insulinemia of GK rats versus STZ rats., Comparative Study, Journal Article, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: cp.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Coronary hypersensitivity to serotonin promotes platelet aggregation, entailing the progression of the atherosclerotic process. This abnormality is a common finding in cardiac transplant recipients and may be triggered by reactive oxygen species, which plays a main role in the inflammatory process. Hence, this study aimed to determine the influence of intimal hyperplasia on this abnormality and its reversibility after acute supplementation with the superoxide anion scavenger vitamin C. Therefore, intracoronary injections of serotonin (3 microg), bradykinin (600 ng), and nitroglycerin (isosorbide dinitrate 200 microg) were administered to 21 cardiac transplant recipients (1 year after transplantation) with normal coronary angiographic results; the serotonin injections were repeated after intracoronary vitamin C supplementation (40 mg/min for 14 minutes). In the segments in which serotonin effects were the most pronounced, the diameter changes were measured by quantitative angiography, and vessel wall morphology was studied by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The IVUS examination revealed moderate to severe intimal thickening (total area - luminal area/total area) in 9 patients (group 1) of 25 +/- 2%, compatible with the early stage of graft vasculopathy. In this group, hypersensitivity to serotonin remained unchanged after intracoronary vitamin C supplementation, from -21 +/- 3% (percentage from baseline) to -25 +/- 3%, whereas in the other 12 patients with mild intimal thickening (9 +/- 1%; group 2), hypersensitivity to serotonin was attenuated from -20 +/- 5% to -4 +/- 6% (p <0.01). In contrast, the responses to bradykinin and isosorbide dinitrate were similar in the 2 groups. In group 1, plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -8) were significantly enhanced. For all the patients studied, the effect of vitamin C on the response to serotonin was significantly correlated with the intimal thickening. In co, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SYL-009976 = Volume 3, MED4 - PATO062, info:eu-repo/semantics/published, 18

Comm. 11ème Congrès International de l'Association des Chercheurs en Activités Physiques et Sportives (ACAPS) - Paris (France), 26.10.2005, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Comm. 41st Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes - Athens (Greece), 10.09.2005

info:eu-repo/semantics/published, Comm. 41st Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes - Athens (Greece), 10.09.2005