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This study proposes the adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales for the assessment of individual propensity for sexual excitation and sexual inhibition. The scale was located online and it was administered with other measures of sexual functioning. The questionnaires were answered by 796 individuals from the general population (18-84 years old). The Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded a factorial structure which was similar to the one proposed originally (Sexual Excitation Scale, SES; and two Sexual Inhibition Scales, SIS1 and SIS2), which was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The scale was equivalent between men and women, as it reached strict invariance. Internal consistency is adequate. The SES dimension is positively related to sexual desire, while SIS1 and SIS2 are negatively related to it. The two measures of sexual inhibition are associated with worse sexual functioning. Men show higher scores on SES and women on SIS1.

ResumenSe presentó una mujer de 74 años al servicio de urgencias del HRAEBI, ISSSTE, el día 2 de septiembre de 2010 con datos de desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico, hipotensión y conjuntivitis bilateral. Sus signos vitales durante su estancia en urgencias fueron: tensión arterial, 80/40mmHg; temperatura, 38.5°C; frecuencia respiratoria, 22rpm; frecuencia cardíaca 89lpm Se interconsulta al servicio de Oftalmología quienes diagnosticaron celulitis orbitaria bilateral, con no percepción de luz en ambos ojos e igualmente ausencia de reflejos pupilares. Se inició tratamiento con antibióticos intravenosos y se solicitó tomografía computarizada de órbitas y cerebro. Se internó para estabilizar su estado general; durante su estancia se diagnosticó diabetes mellitus y estado inmunosupresivo por datos de candidiasis oral y otros síntomas. La tomografía mostró celulitis orbitaria bilateral con formación de abscesos orbitarios, sin datos de proceso infeccioso a nivel bucal o de senos paranasales. La evolución de la celulitis fue tórpida a pesar de la terapia antibiótica cuádruple (cefotaxima, vancomicina, metronidazol y clindamicina; posteriormente imipenem, clindamicina y vancomicina) con desarrollo de endoftalmitis bilateral por lo cual fue necesario eviscerar ambos ojos. Se tomó cultivo directo del vítreo y 3 días después se encontró como germen causal Klebsiella pneumoniae.AbstractA 74 year old woman visited the emergency room of the HRAEBI, on September the 2nd, 2010, presenting hypotension, hydroelectrolitic disbalance and bilateral conjunctivitis. Her vital signs were: Blood pressure 80/40mmHg, T 38.5°C, RF 22 breaths/min, HR 89 beats per minute. The ophthalmologist's examination revealed bilateral orbital cellulitis, with absence of vision in both eyes and absence of pupillary reflexes. She was started on multiple intravenous antibiotic therapies, and computed tomography scans of the orbits and brain was requested. For stabilization of her general conditions she was admitted on hospitalization, and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed. She did not have prior diagnosis of diabetes. Also an immunosuppressive condition was diagnosed too due to oral candidiasis plus other symptoms. The tomography showed a bilateral orbital cellulitis with brain abscess formation, without an infection process in teeth or paranasal sinuses. Her evolution was torpid, although the antibiotic therapy and a bilateral endophthalmitis was evolved and therefore it was necessary to eviscerate both globes. We took a vitreous fluid for culture and three days later, the microbiologic results showed Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is defined as a chronic inflammatory condition causing continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon without granulomas on biopsy. It affects the rectum, and, to a variable extent, the colon in continuity and is characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) regimens are recommended as first-line induction therapy for mild to moderately active pediatric UC and for maintenance of remission regardless of other initial treatments. In large clinical trials in adults, mesalamine intolerance was found in 2-5 % of the patients. We present a case of an 8-year-old female patient with intolerance to mesalamine and proctitis resistant to conventional therapy who responded to rectal tacrolimus treatment. The patient started with a dose of 2 mg/day at night with an excellent response. She reported feeling better than any of the previously prescribed treatments and without feeling the discomfort of previously administered enemas. After four weeks of treatment, the dose was reduced to 2 mg/week with no relapses. Tacrolimus suppositories were very well tolerated, and no adverse effects have been reported. Although only very little data has been published, rectal tacrolimus seems to be safe and of efficacy in ulcerative proctitis resistant to standard therapy.

Resumen Objetivo La erotofobia-erotofilia alude al tipo de reaccion emocional que las personas experimentan ante los estimulos sexuales. El instrumento de evaluacion mas empleado es el Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS), formado por 21 items. Dada la ausencia de estudios que analicen su validez de contenido, y teniendo en cuenta la falta de consenso acerca de su estructura factorial, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar su validez de contenido, con el fin de seleccionar aquellos items que mejor representen al constructo erotofobia-erotofilia para desarrollar una version breve. Material y metodo Para examinar la validez de contenido se emplearon 5 expertos en sexualidad. El SOS, junto a otros autoinformes para evaluar asertividad sexual, funcionamiento sexual, actitudes hacia las fantasias sexuales y deseo sexual, fueron aplicados a una muestra de 3.218 adultos heterosexuales (1.555 varones y 1.663 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 84 anos, seleccionados entre la poblacion general espanola mediante muestreo no probabilistico por conglomerados. Resultados A partir del juicio de expertos, unicamente 6 de los 21 items originales cumplieron con los criterios fijados para valorar la representatividad del constructo. La nueva version breve de 6 items (SOS-6) presenta una estructura unidimensional, y alcanza una adecuada fiabilidad (α = 0,74) y validez convergente al correlacionar sus puntuaciones con asertividad sexual, satisfaccion sexual, deseo sexual, funcionamiento sexual y actitudes positivas hacia las fantasias sexuales. Ademas, se proponen baremos para la escala, por sexo y rango de edad. Conclusiones La version espanola breve del SOS de 6 items es fiable y valida.

Resumen Objetivo Examinar la prevalencia de alteraciones del funcionamiento sexual de hombres y mujeres mayores, y analizar el efecto que la edad, la asertividad sexual, las actitudes sexuales y el abuso de pareja tienen sobre su funcionamiento sexual. Material y metodo Cuatrocientas cinco personas (48,4% varones y 51,6% mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 55 y 80 anos, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo incidental, contestan a las versiones validadas en poblacion espanola del MGH-SFQ, HISA, SOS, HISF e ISA. Resultados El 39% de los varones y el 58% de las mujeres presentan algun tipo de dificultad en su funcionamiento sexual. En los hombres, la edad predice de forma negativa el funcionamiento sexual (β = −0,29), mientras que la asertividad sexual de inicio (β = 0,26) y la de rechazo-ausencia de timidez sexual (β = 0,17) lo hacen en sentido positivo. En las mujeres tambien se encuentra una relacion negativa entre edad y funcionamiento sexual (β = −0,41); ademas, en su caso, la asertividad sexual de rechazo-ausencia de timidez (β = 0,17), las actitudes favorables hacia las fantasias sexuales (β = 0,26), el abuso de pareja no fisico (β = −0,20), asi como la interaccion entre la edad y las actitudes hacia las fantasias sexuales (β = 0,21) predicen su funcionamiento sexual. Conclusiones Las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales, que no necesariamente van acompanadas de insatisfaccion. La edad, la asertividad sexual, y las actitudes sexuales y el abuso psicologico en el caso de las mujeres son predictores del funcionamiento sexual en personas mayores.

Purpose Currently, there is no consensus concerning the possible beneficial colonic and systemic effects of prebiotic-containing infant formula. This study assesses whether the feeding of a galactooligosaccharides (GOS)-containing infant formula (0.44 g/dl of GOS) and the subsequent feeding of a GOS-containing follow-on formula (0.50 g/dl of GOS) have a prebiotic effect on intestinal microbiota that helps to decrease infections and allergy manifestations in healthy infants during the first year of life. Methods A multicentre, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 365 healthy term infants enrolled before 8 weeks of age and randomly assigned to a formula with or without GOS, until 12 months of age. The incidence of infections and allergy manifestations, the antibiotics prescribed and faecal characteristics were recorded up to 12 months of age, while faecal samples were collected up to 4 months for the measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A, short-chain fatty acids and microbiota. Results A prebiotic effect on the faecal analysis was observed at 4 months of life. The GOS group showed a lower faecal pH (P = 0.019), a lower decreasing trend in secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078), lower butyric acid concentration (P = 0.040) and an increase in Bifidobacterium counts (P = 0.010). Changes in faecal characteristics involved greater frequency (P < 0.001) and softer consistency (P < 0.05). The incidence of infections or allergic manifestations during the first year of life was similar in both groups, with no statistical differences (P > 0.05). Conclusions The feeding of GOS-containing infant formula produced a definite prebiotic effect consisting of changes in faecal composition and microbiota, and in faecal consistency and the frequency of defaecation. No changes in the incidence of infection or allergic manifestation during the first year of life were observed.

Sleep medicine in general and psychology in particular have recently developed cognitive behavioral treatment for narcolepsy (CBT-N). Despite a growing interest in this topic, most studies since 2007 have reviewed CBT applications for other sleep disorders. Currently, 6 reviews have been published on narcolepsy, with an expert consensus being reached that CBT represented an important adjunctive treatment for the disease. The current paper reviews the need for CBT applications for narcolepsy by generalizing the application of multicomponent treatments and performing studies that extrapolate the results obtained from multicenter studies. Nineteen studies were found in which the need-for-treatment guidelines identified the use of CBT for narcolepsy. Three additional studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral measures and multicomponent treatments for which treatment protocols have been proposed.

Focused ultrasound with microbubbles has been used to noninvasively and selectively deliver pharmacological agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for treating brain diseases. Acoustic cavitation monitoring could serve as an on-line tool to assess and control the treatment. While it demonstrated a strong correlation in small animals, its translation to primates remains in question due to the anatomically different and highly heterogeneous brain structures with gray and white matteras well as dense vasculature. In addition, the drug delivery efficiency and the BBB opening volume have never been shown to be predictable through cavitation monitoring in primates. This study aimed at determining how cavitation activity is correlated with the amount and concentration of gadolinium delivered through the BBB and its associated delivery efficiency as well as the BBB opening volume in non-human primates. Another important finding entails the effect of heterogeneous brain anatomy and vasculature of a primate brain, i.e., presence of large cerebral vessels, gray and white matter that will also affect the cavitation activity associated with variation of BBB opening in different tissue types, which is not typically observed in small animals. Both these new findings are critical in the primate brain and provide essential information for clinical applications.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines predict adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) outpatients. However, the prognostic significance of LUS in patients admitted with acute HF is unclear. Our study population was derived from a cohort of patients admitted to a tertiary health care center in Mexico City

The development and mass use of TIC’s, as well as the changes occurred in the way people and organizations connect (relate) with the information and knowledge have generated new challenges for citizens of the XXI Century, who should constantly update their knowledge, (knowledge throughout life) and they should have good skills in order to share, create, search, analyze, represent, evaluate and use information for tackling problems and needs that appear in daily life. This paper presents the results of the research ''Proposal of Formation for the Development of Informational Competency in Community Librarians of Bogotá''. In the research we worked with 42 community librarians from different neighborhoods and 12 students of tenth semester of the Systems of Information and Documentation program. These students participated in the implementation and validation phase of the formation proposal. In the first part of the paper, we present a a contextualization of the research and the methodology used. Afterwards, we state the find0. ings, regarding informational profile of the librarians and several elements on which the formation proposal was structured. In the last part , we draw some conclusions obtained from the process.

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un modelo predictivo del tipo de experiencia sexual, a traves de la evaluacion de una serie de variables psicologicas y sociodemograficas. La muestra, representativa de la poblacion de adolescentes escolarizados de Chiriqui (Panama), esta formada por 1.897 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 anos (M = 16.25; DT = 1.47). Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas en funcion del tipo de experiencia sexual. Ademas, el sexo, la religion, el nivel de estudios del padre, el locus de control interno, la autoeficacia, la comunicacion con la madre, la comunicacion con amigos y la susceptibilidad, resultaron ser variables predictoras del tipo de experiencia sexual.

Se determinó la viabilidad financiera para la producción y exportación de gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) hacia el mercado español, involucrando aspectos ambienta­les, técnicos y económicos. Se presentan las diferentes alternativas de producción de la gulupa, el proceso de comercialización y la exportación a España, fundamen­tadas en métodos de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio que implicaron la caracterización, identificación y diagnós­tico situacional. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los com­portamientos del mercado, los hábitos de consumo de los españoles, importaciones y exportaciones, y las rela­ciones económicas y políticas entre los dos países. De esta forma se encontraron las potencialidades de la gulupa, los costos que implican la construcción del cultivo y los beneficios financieros que tendría el productor al cose­char gulupa de calidad exportable, que satisfagan la demanda del mercado español. Lo anterior sustentado por la viabilidad financiera que alcanza después de recu­perar el capital invertido y cubrir el costo de oportunidad, así como su recuperación de la inversión inicial en el sexto año.

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the opinions of the scientific community of psychologists on the question if psychology is a health profession. Nowadays, the subject is even more important as there are laws, as for example the Ley de Ordenación de Profesiones Sanitarias (LOPS) [Law for theOrganization of the Health Professions] in Spain that should be based on the concept that psychology is or is not a health profession. Moreover, the creation of the common curricula for the whole Europe needs the general agreement and no individual opinion can be valid for these purposes. The present study shows the opinion of 803 scientists who have published at least one article in a clinical or multidisciplinary psychology journal included in the Web of Science, from 42 different countries, 23 major fields of psychology and 32 orientations. The results show that, in general, the participants answered that psychology is a health profession, which is even more evident in case of clinical psychology.

Introduction To date, it has been difficult to address the issue of sexual functioning and drug use, and many approaches to it have basic problems and methodological errors. Aim The present cross‐sectional study compared the sexual functioning scores of a group of drug users with those of a group of nondrug users. It explored the relationship between drug abstinence and sexual functioning. Main Outcome Measures A sample of 905 males participated in this study (549 met the substance dependence criteria and 356 were controls). All of them were assessed with the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire‐Drugs version. Method The assessment was conducted from September 2009 to January 2011. The clinical sample was evaluated in nine different substance abuse treatment facilities. Results Results show that, overall, all dimensions (pleasure, desire, arousal, and orgasm) were moderately impaired. Yet, differences regarding preferred substance were observed. Pleasure and orgasm were the two areas most significantly impaired. In these areas, all drugs seemed to negatively affect sexual functioning. However, desire and arousal were not affected by all the substances. In addition, at least after 2 weeks of drug abstinence, no relationship was found between drug abstinence and improvement in sexual functioning. The sample studied had an average of 1 year of drug abstinence and was found to have poorer sexual functioning than the control group. Conclusions Therefore, these results seem to contradict those that argue that drug use only impairs sexual functioning temporarily. Moreover, they suggest that sexual functioning does not improve just by stopping drug use. Vallejo‐Medina P and Sierra JC. Effect of drug use and influence of abstinence on sexual functioning in a Spanish male drug‐dependent sample: A multisite study. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.

Height adjustment is currently recommended for Z-score bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. At present there are no studies that evaluate the prevalence of low BMD in paediatric patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in Spain following current recommendations.To evaluate low BMD in JIA in paediatric patients with JIA in Spain following the latest recommendations, as well as to assess associated factors.Observational cross-sectional study of Spanish JIA patients from 5 to 16 years-old, followed-up in a Paediatric Rheumatology Unit between July 2014 and July 2015. Anthropometric, clinical and treatment data were recorded. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone metabolism parameters were collected, and a completed diet and exercise questionnaire was obtained.A total of 92 children participated. The population prevalence estimation of low BMD was less than 5% (95% CI). A significant positive correlation was found in the multiple linear regression analysis between the body mass index percentile (B: 0.021; P.001) and lean mass index (B: 0.0002; P=.012), and BMD Z-score adjusted for height (Z-SAH). A significant negative correlation was found between fat mass index (B: -0.0001; P=.018) and serum type I collagen N-propeptide (B: -0,0006; P=.036) and Z-SAH.Low BMD prevalence in JIA patients in our population is low. An adequate nutritional status and the prevalence of lean over fat mass seem to promote the acquisition of bone mass. Those JIA patients with lower BMD could be subjected to an increase of bone turnover.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License.-- et al., [Objectives]: Treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Patients should be followed-up with dietary interviews and serology as CD markers to ensure adherence to the diet. However, none of these methods offer an accurate measure of dietary compliance. Our aim was to evaluate the measurement of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stools as a marker of GFD adherence in CD patients and compare it with traditional methods of GFD monitoring. [Methods]: We performed a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study including 188 CD patients on GFD and 84 healthy controls. Subjects were given a dietary questionnaire and fecal GIP quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) IgA and anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (anti-DGP) IgA antibodies were measured simultaneously. [Results]: Of the 188 celiac patients, 56 (29.8%) had detectable GIP levels in stools. There was significant association between age and GIP in stools that revealed increasing dietary transgressions with advancing age (39.2% in subjects ≥13 years old) and with gender in certain age groups (60% in men ≥13 years old). No association was found between fecal GIP and dietary questionnaire or anti-tTG antibodies. However, association was detected between GIP and anti-DGP antibodies, although 46 of the 53 GIP stool-positive patients were negative for anti-DGP. [Conclusions]: Detection of gluten peptides in stools reveals limitations of traditional methods for monitoring GFD in celiac patients. The GIP ELISA enables direct and quantitative assessment of gluten exposure early after ingestion and could aid in the diagnosis and clinical management of nonresponsive CD and refractory CD. Trial registration number NCT02711397., This work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and FEDER funds (DELIAC, IPT-2011-0952-900000), and Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía (SINGLUCHECK, 1737/0118).

The dual control model (DCM) postulates the involvement of relatively independent inhibitory and excitatory systems, which together provide a “double control” over sexual response and associated behavior (Janssen & Bancroft, 2007). Based on this model, the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales assess the propensity for sexual excitation and sexual inhibition. This research focused on analyzing some psychometric properties of this questionnaire and developing a Spanish version in men. The sample consisted of 823 heterosexual men of ages ranging from 18 to 74 years. Confirmatory factor analysis generated a version of the scale that consisted of 34 items (11 items with the worst factor loadings were eliminated) distributed in four factors (one sexual excitation factor and three sexual inhibition factors). This is consistent with the DCM of sexual response. The four factors demonstrated good reliability coefficients except for sexual inhibition due to the threat of performance consequences, which was found to have a low internal consistency. Consequently, this is something that will be addressed in future studies. The four factors were found to have good test–retest reliability. The measures of the Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales had good validity properties and a coherent relationship with sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia.

The objective of this study was to unveil the potential mechanism of focused ultrasound (FUS)-enhanced intranasal (IN) brain drug delivery and assess its feasibility in the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Delivery outcomes of fluorescently-labeled dextrans to mouse brains by IN administration either before or after FUS sonication were compared to evaluate whether FUS enhances IN delivery by active pumping or passive diffusion. Fluorescence imaging of brain slices found that IN administration followed by FUS sonication achieved significantly higher delivery than IN administration only, while pre-treatment by FUS sonication followed by IN administration was not significantly different from IN administration only. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a promising neurotrophic factor for the treatment of many central nervous system diseases, was delivered by IN followed by FUS to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique and compared with the established FUS technique where drugs are injected intravenously. Immunohistochemistry staining of BDNF revealed that FUS-enhanced IN delivery achieved similar locally enhanced delivery as the established FUS technique. This study suggested that FUS enhances IN brain drug delivery by FUS-induced active pumping of the drug and demonstrated that FUS-enhanced IN delivery is a promising technique for noninvasive and localized delivery of therapeutic molecules to the brain.

Noninvasive brain stimulation using focused ultrasound has many potential applications as a research and clinical tool. Here, we investigated the effect of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with systemically administered microbubbles on visual-motor decision-making behavior in monkeys. We applied FUS to the putamen in one hemisphere to open the blood-brain barrier, and then tested behavioral performance 3-4 hours later. On days when the monkeys were treated with FUS, their decisions were faster and more accurate than days without sonication. The performance improvement suggested both a shift in the decision criterion and an enhancement of the use of sensory evidence in the decision process. FUS also interacted with the effect of a low dose of haloperidol. The results suggest that a two-minute application of FUS can have a sustained impact on performance of complex cognitive tasks, and may increase the efficacy of psychoactive medications. The results lend further support to the idea that the dorsal striatum plays an integral role in evidence- and reward-based decision-making.

Introduction and objectives Metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) is an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease, with biopsy as fundamental diagnostic tool. There are few references to MCD in children, with a 0.5-1% estimated incidence in adults. There is no consensus about its therapeutic approach. We describe our diagnostic and therapeutic experience in MCD. Results Four cases of MCD are described in our Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit in a tertiary care hospital. The age at diagnosis was between 7 and 13 years. Lesions appeared before the diagnosis of Crohn's disease in three of them, and during the course of the disease in another one, with genital location in three patients and bilateral pretibial region in the other. All four cases demonstrated non-caseificant granulomas on biopsy. Only two patients used exclusive enteral nutrition therapy with complete resolution, while other two cases received a combination of therapies (corticosteroids, azathioprine, tacrolimus, infliximab and adalimumab) because of recurrence. Only one case required surgery after poor clinical control. Conclusion The MCD is infrequent but must always be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in Crohn's disease, considering it could be the debut of the disease. We will rely on biopsy anyway for definitive diagnosis. In this series the genital region is verified as the most commonly affected in children. The therapeutic approach does not differ from the management of intestinal involvement.

Objetivo: Dada la ausencia de estudios psicométricos del Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) en España, se plantea llevar a cabo su validación en la población española, examinando su fiabilidad y validez (de constructo y convergente). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Población general. Realizado en 20 provincias españolas. Participantes: Muestra de 3.050 sujetos (45,41% varones y 54,59% mujeres), seleccionados mediante procedimiento no probabilístico por cuotas, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 83 años (media = 41,51; DE = 13,45). Mediciones: Versiones españolas del MGH-SFQ, Sexual Assertiveness Scale, Sexual Desire Inventory e Index of Sexual Satisfaction. Resultados: El MGH-SFQ mostró una estructura unidimensional que explica un 71,35% de la varianza en la muestra de varones y un 83,56% en la de mujeres, alcanzando una fiabilidad de consistencia interna de 0,90 y 0,93, respectivamente. Asimismo, presenta una adecuada validez convergente al correlacionar sus puntuaciones con la asertividad para iniciar actividades sexuales, el deseo sexual diádico y la satisfacción sexual. El MGH-SFQ reveló también capacidad para identificar un mayor porcentaje de mujeres que de hombres con disfunciones sexuales y para detectar un incremento en su prevalencia a medida que aumenta la edad. Conclusiones: La versión española del MGH-SFQ se presenta como un autoinforme fiable y válido para la evaluación de las disfunciones sexuales en España. Sus bondades psicométricas, junto con su brevedad y sencillez en la aplicación, le convierten en un instrumento idóneo para identificar dificultades en el funcionamiento sexual en general o en alguna de las fases de la respuesta sexual en particular. Objective: Due to the lack of psychometric studies using the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ) in Spain, its Spanish validation is proposed in the present study, by analysing its reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: General population. Conducted in 20 provinces. Participants: The sample consisted of 3,050 participants (45.41% men and 54.59% women) and was selected using a quota convenience sampling procedure. They ranged in age from 18 to 83 years-old (M = 41.51; SD = 13.45). Main measurements: Spanish versions of the MGH-SFQ, Sexual Assertiveness Scale, Sexual Desire Inventory, and Index of Sexual Satisfaction. Results: The MGH-SFQ showed a single dimensional structure, which explained 71.35% of variance in men and 83.56% in women. Reliability values were .90 and .93, respectively. Convergent validity was adequate as their scores were positively correlated to initiation sexual assertiveness, dyadic sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction. The MGH-SFQ identified that females showed more sexual dysfunctions than males, and detected more sexual dysfunctions as age increases. Conclusions: The Spanish validation of the MGH-SFQ is a reliable and valid self-reporting questionnaire to assess sexual dysfunctions in Spain. Its psychometric goodness of fit, together with its brevity and ease of use, make it a useful instrument to detect overall, as well as particular sexual dysfunctions. Este trabajo forma parte del Proyecto de Investigación SEJ2007-61824 financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

We consider complex projective schemes defined by quadratic equations and satisfying a technical hypothesis on the fibres of the rational map associated to the linear system of quadrics defining X. Our assumption is related to the syzygies of the defining equations and, in particular, it is weaker than properties N2 , and K2 . In this setting, we show that the degree d of is bounded by a function of its codimension c, whose asymptotic behavior is given by , thus improving the obvious bound . More precisely, we get the bound . Furthermore, if X satisfies property or , we obtain the better bound . Some classification results are also given when equality holds.

Introducción: Las mujeres no están representadas de manera igualitaria respecto a los hombres a lo largo de las categorías profesionales del sistema científico. Varios estudios demuestran que el primer escalón donde se verifica una disminución del número de mujeres es el doctorado. El objetivo de este estudio era evaluar el rendimiento global y por área de conocimiento en el doctorado en función del sexo. Método: Como medida de rendimiento, se comparó el número de tesis doctorales registradas en la base de datos de Tesis Españolas Ordenadas TESEO del Ministerio de Educación del Gobierno de España entre 2002 y 2009 por sexo en una muestra 3.463 doctorandos (1.724 mujeres, 1.739 hombres). Resultados: El análisis del rendimiento diferencial por sexo no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas a nivel global ni por áreas de conocimiento. Conclusiones: El presente estudio confirma que, cuando los doctorandos son beneficiarios de una beca predoctoral y en condiciones igualitarias, no existen diferencias de rendimiento en programas de doctorado en función del sexo. Introduction: Unlike men, women are not equally represented in the different professional categories of the scientific system. According to several studies, the first noticeable decrease in the number of women takes place in doctoral degrees. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in performance in doctoral degrees both globally and by areas of knowledge. Method: As a measure of performance, the number of doctoral theses registered in the Ordered Spanish Theses (TESEO) data base between 2002 and 2009 was compared across sex in a sample of 3.463 PhD students (1.724 women, 1.739 men). Results: The differential analysis did not show any statistically significant difference either at the global level or any specific area of knowledge. Conclusion: This study confirms that, when PhD students are given a pre-doctoral scholarship, there is not any sex difference in performance in doctoral degrees. El estudio ha sido financiado parcialmente por la Dirección General de Universidades. Referencia: EA2008-0208.

ResumenUn tema relevante pero poco estudiado en el marco de la universidad espanola es el de las normativas de los estudios de doctorado y su posible influencia en el numero de tesis doctorales que se defienden. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar si existe relacion entre las normativas de los estudios de postgrado y el numero de tesis doctorales leidas en funcion del numero de funcionarios doctores en cada universidad publica espanola en el periodo 2000–2007. Se analizaron las normativas que rigen los estudios de postgrado de todas las universidades publicas espanolas, a la vez que se clasifico a estas en tres grupos en funcion de su productividad en tesis doctorales. Los resultados muestran que las universidades cuentan con gran autonomia para regular sus estudios, pero respetando el marco que establece el Real Decreto 1393/2007, que regula los estudios universitarios oficiales en Espana. En la discusion se resalta la importancia de las normativas de doctorado, junto a otros factores, en l...

The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the scales of the Spanish version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A; Butcher et al., 1992). Two samples of 939 and 109 Spanish adolescents ages 14 to 18 years were assessed with the MMPI-A in their school environment. The first sample responded to the inventory once, whereas the second sample responded to it on 2 occasions with a 2-week interval between sessions. Results showed no significant differences in means or variances between the first and the second test administration for most MMPI-A scales. Test-retest reliability ranged between .62 (Amorality, Ma(1)) and .92 (Immaturity, IMM); most correlations exceeded .70. Internal consistency values for the MMPI-A scales in the pretest and posttest were very similar overall. External validity of the MMPI-A was demonstrated through several significant correlations between its scales and YSR/11-18 syndromes and social interaction measures. The highest correlations were established between the Anxious/Depressed YSR/11-18 scale and other MMPI-A scales such as Schizophrenia (Sc), Welsh's Anxiety (A), Adolescent-Anxiety (A-anx) and Adolescent-Alienation (A-aln), and between the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale and the MMPI-A Adolescent-Social Discomfort (A-sod) scale.

We present a slightly different formulation of Zak's theorem on tangencies as well as some applications. In particular, we obtain a better bound on the dimension of the dual variety of a manifold and we classify extremal and next-to-extremal cases when its secant variety does not fill up the ambient projective space.

ResumenEn Espana, en las ultimas decadas, se ha incrementado la inversion en investigacion y en el doctorado. Sin embargo, la tasa de exito en estos estudios es del 11%. Entre las ayudas para realizar el doctorado destacan los programas de Formacion del Profesorado Universitario (FPU) y de Formacion del Personal Investigador (FPI). El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una evaluacion del rendimiento de las becas FPU y FPI en funcion de la tasa de tesis doctorales. Se seleccionaron 3.711 becarios y se busco sus nombres en el sistema de gestion de tesis doctorales espanolas, TESEO. En los resultados obtenidos se observa que el porcentaje de exito del programa FPU es de 37,9% y del 44,7% para el FPI. Los becarios FPU muestran un 6,8% menos de tesis respecto a los FPI. Con estos datos cabria plantearse el revisar la modalidad de estos programas de financiacion dado que en ambos casos el numero de tesis es inferior al 50%.

The Youth Self-Report (YSR/11-18) is a widely used child-report measure that assesses problem behaviors along two “broadband scales”: internalizing and externalizing. It also scores eight empirically based syndromes and DSM-oriented scales and provides a summary of total problems. Although the YSR was designed for youths ages 11-18, no studies have systematically evaluated whether youths under the age of 11 can make valid reports using the YSR broad-band, syndrome and DSM-oriented scales. It is a parallel form to the caretaker-completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and teacher-completed Teacher Report Form (TRF). Few studies related to YSR/11-18 (Achenbach, & Rescorla, 2000, 2001) factor structure were carried out in Spanish children and adolescent population. This study analyses the factor structure of this assessment tool, in 961 Spanish adolescents attending school from 13 to 18 years old. A principal components method was used to extract the factors followed by a Varimax rotation. According to current research, each sex was treated separately, and only items referred to misbehavior (105 out of 119) were included. Seven first-order common factors were found in both, boys and girls: Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Delinquent Behavior, Aggressive Behavior, Attention Problems, Thought Problems and Relational Problems. Factoring of these seven syndromes led to a single second-order factor in younger males. Older males and females showed labeled internalize and externalize symptoms. These results resembled that obtained in former studies with Spanish population.

En este artículo presentaré la tesis de que la ciencia ha continuado pensandoaristotélicamente en función del concepto de sustancia y propondré otra variable independiente: la sustantividad. Para ello, echaré mano brevemente de los horizontes de comprensión que Xavier Zubiri ha encontrado en Occidente (movilidad y nihilidad), para luego mostrar por qué nuestra situación intelectual nos invita a pensar en las estructuras de las cosas desde un horizonte que podría llamarse de la complejidad.

The study analyzed psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness in a Spanish sample of 400 men and 453 women who had had a partner for the last 6 mo. or longer at the time of the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a two-factor solution with the factors Initiation and No shyness/Refusal. Internal consistency values for total scores were .87 and .83 for the factors, respectively. Convergent validity tests were also satisfactory. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the Spanish version of the scale has appropriate psychometric properties.

The use of temporary pacing has increased dramatically with the rapid growth of TAVR and other structural heart procedures. Complications of temporary transvenous pacing leads include dislodgement causing loss of pace capture, arrhythmias and cardiac perforation. We report the results of a multi

A well-known conjecture asserts that smooth threefolds are quadratically normal with the only exception of the Palatini scroll. As a corollary of a more general statement we obtain the following result, which is related to the previous conjecture: If is not quadratically normal, then its triple curve is reducible. Similar results are also given for higher dimensional varieties.

El problema filosófico de la «demostración de la existencia de Dios» nos ha movido a mostrar que la labor de la filosofía consiste en ser primera: su trabajo no está en averiguar, a toro pasado, cómo los diversos saberes han de encontrarse, sino en cómo –previamente a su «separación»– comparten un surgir común: la realidad en su aparecer. Por ello, esbozaremos el estado germinal de una filosofía a la que intitulamos «realismo real». Con ella atenderemos «fenomenológicamente» a cómo surgen las cosas: 1) aclarando qué es aparecer, 2) elucidando qué es realidad, 3) notando que la realidad aparece de distintos modos, a saber, la existencia, la consistencia y la subsistencia y 4) según estos modos de realidad, enmarcaremos el problema de la «existencia» de Dios en el realismo real. Tales elucidaciones son, a la vez, un epígrafe al desarrollo de la filosofía primera, aquí germinalmente presentada.Recibido: 25/10/2016 • Aceptado: 31/08/2017

espanolEl objetivo principal del presente estudio teorico fue analizar la relacion de la satisfaccion sexual con variables asociadas a esta en personas adultas con pareja del mismo sexo. Se llevo a cabo una revision sistematica de investigaciones publicadas que cumplieran con los siguientes criterios de inclusion: (a) evaluasen la satisfaccion sexual mediante autoinformes estandarizados o preguntas ad hoc, (b) incluyesen muestras de personas adultas que mantuvieran una relacion de pareja del mismo sexo, y (c) relacionasen la satisfaccion sexual con variables personales, interpersonales, sociales o ideologico-culturales. Tras una busqueda bibliografica a traves de diversas bases de datos electronicas, y una vez realizado un proceso de seleccion, se presentan los principales resultados de 40 articulos cientificos publicados entre 1992 y 2017. Como resultado mas relevante cabe destacar que la satisfaccion sexual se asocio con variables de cada una de las dimensiones senaladas. Se revelan mas asociaciones con variables personales e interpersonales, y en menor medida con las sociales y culturales. Se discute la importancia de futuras investigaciones en satisfaccion sexual en personas con pareja del mismo sexo desde la perspectiva de modelos teoricos consolidados, asi como la necesidad de estudios psicometricos en poblacion LGBTI. EnglishThe main objective of the present theoretical study was to analyze the relation of sexual satisfaction with variables associated with it in adults with same-sex partners. A systematic review of published research that met the following inclusion criteria was carried out: (a) evaluated sexual satisfaction through standardized self-reports or ad hoc questions, (b) included samples of adults who maintained a samesex relationship, and (c) related sexual satisfaction with personal, interpersonal, social or ideological-cultural variables. After a bibliographic search through various electronic databases, and once a selection process has been carried out, the main results of 40 scientific articles published between 1992 and 2017 are presented. As a most relevant result it should be noted that sexual satisfaction was associated with variables of each of the dimensions indicated. More associations are revealed with personal and interpersonal variables, and to a lesser extent with social and cultural variables. The importance of future research on sexual satisfaction in people with same-sex couple from the perspective of consolidated theoretical models is discussed, as well as the need for psychometric studies in the LGBTI population.

This study presents the first psychometric data on the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short-Form (CSFQ-14), a self-report instrument to assess sexual functioning, in a sample of 104 males with drug abuse history. They were collected in 2008. The questionnaire was completed along with the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire and the Brief Sexual Function Inventory. A three-dimensional factor structure was observed in the CSFQ-14: Desire (alpha = .73), Arousal-orgasm (alpha = .67) and Pleasure (including only one item). Scores indicated adequate validity, with similar values to samples of depressive patients and lower values than the normal population.

The need to improve measurement in research of violence against women has been recognized. The purpose of this study was introduced first psychometric data of two questionnaires assessing sexist attitudes on Brazilian women: Double Standard Scale (DSS) and Rape Supportive Attitude Scale (RSAS). Both scales were administered in two women samples (N = 300; N = 500). In accordance with previous research, the findings reproduced the single-factor structure on each scale. Reliability estimation through Cronbach’ s alpha evidenced satisfactory internal consistency values for each scale. Finally, evidence that supports the measurement validity of the DSS and the RSAS was also provided. En la investigación de la violencia contra las mujeres se ha señalado la necesidad de mejorar la medición. El propósito de este estudio ha sido introducir los primeros datos psicométricos relativos a dos cuestionarios que evalúan actitudes sexistas en mujeres brasileñas: la Double Standard Scale (DSS) y la Rape Supportive Attitude Scale (RSAS). Ambas escalas fueron aplicadas a dos muestras de mujeres (N = 300; N = 500). En consonancia con la investigación previa, los resultados replicaron la estructura unifactorial de cada escala. La estimación de la fiabilidad mediante alfa de Cronbach reveló valores de consistencia interna satisfactorios para cada escala. Finalmente, también se aportó evidencia sobre la validez de la medida con la DSS y la RSAS.

Four field trials were conducted at Vicuña Experimental Center (30°02' S, 70°44' W) located in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, over four seasons, 2002-2003 to 2005-2006, to determine the influence of 10 rootstocks (Freedom, Harmony, Saint George, Salt Creek, SO4, 1613C, 1103P, 99R, 110R, 140Ru, as well as own roots vines) on nutrient content in petioles of vars. Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless, Superior Seedless and Red Globe grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). The trials took place at a site that had previously planted to vineyard. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replicates. Petioles opposite to clusters were taken at bloom as samples and analyzed for total N, P and K content. Significant differences in nutrient levels due to rootstocks were found in all varieties. Rootstocks increased the levels of petiole nutrients (except P) over the values usually reported in literature for table grapes. Vines grafted onto the rootstock ‘Salt Creek’ had significantly higher petiole N and P content than those on their own roots vines. Total N level increased 67% in ‘Flame Seedless’, 77% in ‘Red Globe’, 33% in ‘Thompson Seedless’ and 8.5% in ‘Superior Seedless’. On the other hand, the petiole P level doubled in all varieties by using ‘Salt Creek’ as rootstock. Potassium status was also affected by rootstocks. ‘Harmony’ and ‘1613C’ showed higher K levels by at least 60% in vars. Flame Seedless, Red Globe and Thompson Seedless as compared to plants grown on their own roots. The present investigation demonstrates that rootstocks may have a considerable effect on grapevine nutrition.Se realizaron cuatro ensayos en Vicuña (30°02' S, 70°44' O), Región de Coquimbo, Chile, durante cuatro temporadas, 2002-2003 a 2005-2006 para determinar la influencia de 10 portainjertos de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) (Freedom, Harmony, Saint George, Salt Creek, SO4, 1613C, 1103P, 99R, 110R, 140Ru, además de plantas sobre sus propias raíces) sobre el contenido de nutrientes en pecíolos de las vars. Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless, Superior Seedless y Red Globe. Los ensayos se establecieron en un terreno previamente plantado con vides y el diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se colectaron muestras de pecíolos opuestos al racimo en el estado fenológico de floración, para determinar los contenidos de N total, P y K. En las cuatro variedades se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de nutrientes debido al uso de portainjertos. Los portainjertos incrementaron los niveles de nutrientes en pecíolos (excepto P) por sobre los valores reportados generalmente en la literatura para vides de mesa. Las plantas injertadas sobre el portainjerto ‘Salt Creek’ tuvieron contenidos de N y P en pecíolos significativamente más altos que las plantas sobre sus propias raíces. El nivel de N total aumentó 67% en ‘Flame Seedless’, 77% en ‘Red Globe’, 33% en ‘Thompson Seedless’ y 8,5% en ‘Superior Seedless’. Por otro lado, el nivel de P en los pecíolos se duplicó en todas las variedades con el portainjerto ‘Salt Creek’. El contenido de K también fue influenciado por los portainjertos. ‘Harmony’ y ‘1613C’ mostraron valores de K al menos 60% mayores en las vars. Flame Seedless, Red Globe y Thompson Seedless en comparación con las plantas sobre sus propias raíces. La presente investigación demuestra que los portainjertos pueden tener un efecto considerable en la nutrición de las vides.

A low-intensity ultrasonic technique (that is noninvasive, nondestructive, and online) has been developed to monitor the growth of Escherichia coli in glucose minimal media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Ultrasonic time of flight (TOF) variations were correlated with microorganism growth and the disappearance of nutrients and their subsequent conversion into different metabolites. Spectrophotometric growth data and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of released and consumed metabolites were compared with the ultrasonic data demonstrating that the ultrasound device presented can provide supplementary real-time noninvasive information about the metabolic processes taking place in the culture. A semiempirical model under aerobic conditions was developed to explain the TOF variations as a function of the glucose concentration and was modified to take into account the growth inhibition due to the initial glucose concentration. The inhibition effect was obtained by fitting HPLC measurements to the logistic function of Boltzmann. Under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions, the metabolic processes were correlated with TOF experimental variations through a theoretical approach based on ultrasonic propagation in ternary mixtures., This work has been developed with funding obtained from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain) under project no. 200550F0190, and by an I3P predoctoral fellowship financed by the European Social Fund. The authors thank to David K. Anthony for his careful revision of the paper.

A classification and a detailed geometric description are given for smooth n-dimensional subvarieties X ⊂ ℙ2n-1 containing a family of effective divisors each of them spanning a linear ℙn of ℙ2n-1. Some results on multisecant lines to threefolds X ⊂ ℙ5 follow, as a byproduct.

We study threefolds X in a projective space having as hyperplane section a smooth surface with an elliptic fibration. We first give a general theorem about the possible embeddings of such surfaces with Picard number two. More precise results are then proved for Weierstrass fibrations, both of rank two and higher. In particular we prove that a Weierstrass fibration of rank two that is not a K3 surface is not hyperplane section of a locally complete intersection threefold and we give some conditions, for many embeddings of Weierstrass fibrations of any rank, under which every such threefold must be a cone., Comment: Other small corrections. To appear on Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble)

The use of a low-intensity ultrasonic technique (noninvasive, nondestructive, on-line, and able to assess opaque samples) to monitor the kinetics of invertase hydrolysis is presented. Adiabatic compressibility has been shown to be sensitive to sugar species: ultrasonic velocity increasing as saccharose is transformed into glucose and fructose. The influence of initial sucrose mass concentration (2-60%), temperature (25-55 degrees C), pH (3.5-6.5), and number of microorganisms (10(5)-10(9) yeasts/ml) on the reaction rate, catalyzed by the extracellular invertases of intact Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, has been measured. The results were proven to be in strict agreement with the optimal kinetic parameters of the enzyme. Ultrasonic velocity variations are explained in terms of changes of the solute concentrations in the mixture water-saccharose-glucose/fructose and calculated from the velocity of ultrasound in the corresponding pure sugar solutions. A linear relationship between the initial rate of ultrasonic velocity and the number of yeasts (enzymes) is pointed out.

Social phobia is an excessive concern about scrutiny by other people in situations the person considers embarrassing or humiliating. The purpose of this study is to explore the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the social fear and social avoidance subscales of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and to analyze the score distribution of both subscales. To this end, we assessed a sample of 1,012 Spanish adolescents attending school. The results of a first-order factor analysis indicate the existence of a dominant factor in both subscales of the LSAS--as well as three other less relevant factors--and explain most of the variance of the subscales. The internal consistency of the first factor was quite high in both subscales. The LSAS and its two subscales showed adequate theoretical validity with different variables related to social interaction. Finally, the different scores obtained in both subscales make it possible to group adolescents into three clusters with different characteristics. A study of the sociodemographic variables of the components of the clusters showed a significant relation only with sex.

The effects of P and K on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Muscat Rosada were evaluated four years, considering the same levels of N. The experiment was conducted at the Vicuña Experimental Station (30° S; 70°44´ W) of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA). The soil is alluvial antropic miscellaneous (Entisols). Three fertilization treatments were established: 1) N 160 + P2O5 200 + K2O 300; 2) N 160 + P2O5 0 + K2O 300; and 3) N 160 + P2O5 200 + K2O 0. At the beginning of the experiment, grape vines received all the phosphate fertilizers, 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as triple superphosphate in Treatments 1 and 3. Nitrogen was applied as urea for four years. The applications were initiated when the vine buds measured 20 cm. The K was applied to the soils of Treatments 1 and 2, at a dosage of 200 kg ha-1 K2O, using potassium sulphate. Between berry set and 30 d before harvest, 100 kg ha-1 K2O were applied as potassium sulphate by fertigation. Significant effects of the P fertilization were observed by the second year, with increased cluster numbers per plant. K also increased grape fruit yield by the third year. This response was obtained with less than 5 mg kg-1 of P available in the soil and less than 145 mg kg-1 of exchangeable K in the soil. The initially low content of available K and P suggests a high probability of response to the application of both elements.En el Campo Experimental del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), ubicado en la localidad de Vicuña (30° S; 70°44´ O), se evaluó durante cuatro años el efecto de la aplicación de P y K, considerando un mismo nivel de aplicación de N en vid (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Moscatel Rosada. El suelo corresponde al tipo misceláneo antrópico coluvial (Entisols). Se establecieron tres tratamientos de fertilización: 1) N 160 + P2O5 200 + K2O 300; 2) N 160 + P2O5 0 + K2O 300; y 3) N 160 + P2O5 200 + K(2)0 0. El parrón recibió toda la fertilización fosfatada aplicada al suelo al inicio del experimento, 200 kg ha-1 P2O5, como superfosfato triple en los Tratamientos 1 y 3. La fertilización nitrogenada se aplicó como urea, durante las cuatro temporadas, y se inició cuando las plantas alcanzaron un largo de brote de 20 cm. El K se aplicó a los Tratamientos 1 y 2 en dosis de 200 unidades de K2O al suelo, usando como fuente sulfato de K, y durante el crecimiento del parrón, desde cuaja y hasta 30 días antes de cosecha, se aplicaron 100 kg ha-1 adicionales de K2O, como sulfato de K vía fertirrigación. Al segundo año de evaluación se observó un efecto significativo de la fertilización con P, el cual incrementó el número de racimos por planta. El K igualmente incrementó el rendimiento de fruta al tercer año. Esta respuesta se logró con niveles menores a 5 mg kg-1 de P disponible en el perfil del suelo y menos de 145 mg kg-1 de K de intercambio. Bajos contenidos iniciales de P y K disponibles en el suelo sugieren una alta probabilidad de respuesta a la aplicación de ambos elementos.

We obtain a sharp bound on the degree of a globally generated vector bundle over a reduced irreducible projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. As an application, we obtain a Del Pezzo-Bertini type theorem on varieties of minimal degree for subvarieties of Grassmannians., Comment: 9 pages, to appear in Mathematische Zeitschrift