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Aberrantly elevated expression levels of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and vimentin are closely associated with disease progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was previously demonstrated that knocking down expression of HDAC1 resulted in a concurrent decrease in the expression levels of vimentin. However, a causal link between these two proteins has not yet been demonstrated, to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, the association between HDAC1 and vimentin was investigated using an HDAC1 overexpression platform. HDAC1 and vimentin were significantly increased in HCC cells, and HDAC1 overexpression enhanced vimentin mRNA and protein expression levels in an HDAC1 dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, truncation and mutation of a vimentin promoter demonstrated that HDAC1-induced vimentin expression was dependent on a nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) binding site in the vimentin promoter sequence. Furthermore, HDAC1 induced vimentin expression by promoting NF-κB translocation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, as opposed to modulating the total expression level of vimentin directly. The data in the present study demonstrated that HDAC1 is overexpressed in HCC and that HDAC1 may upregulate vimentin expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus demonstrating a causal link between HDAC1 and vimentin in HCC, and may provide valuable information in understanding the pathogenesis of HCC.

Tidal salt marshes sequester and store blue carbon at both short and long time scales. Marsh soils shape and maintain the ecosystem by supporting complex biogeochemical reactions, deposition of sediment, and accumulation of organic matter. In this study, we examined the potential of imaging spectroscopy techniques to indirectly quantify and map tidal marsh soil properties at a National Estuarine Research Reserve in Georgia, USA. A framework was developed to combine modern digital image processing techniques for marsh soil mapping, including object-based image analysis (OBIA), machine learning modeling, and ensemble analysis. We also evaluated the efficacy of airborne hyperspectral sensors in estimating marsh soil properties compared to spaceborne multispectral sensors, WorldView-2 and QuickBird. The pros and cons of object-based modeling and mapping were assessed and compared with traditional pixel-based mapping methods. The results showed that the designed framework was effective in quantifying and mapping three marsh soil properties using the composite reflectance from salt marsh environment: soil salinity, soil water content, and soil organic matter content. Multispectral sensors were successful in quantifying soil salinity and soil water content but failed to model soil organic matter. The study also demonstrated the value of minimum noise fraction transformation and ensemble analysis techniques for marsh soil mapping. The results suggest that imaging spectroscopy based modeling is a promising tool to quantify and map marsh soil properties at a local scale, and is a potential alternative to traditional soil data acquisition to support carbon cycle research and the conservation and restoration of tidal marshes.

Background Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the second most common malignancy in oral carcinoma. lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was regarded as an oncogenic factor in various carcinomas. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms in the development and progression of TSCC have not been well featured till now. Methods The expressions of MALAT1, miR-140-5p and p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) mRNA were measured by RT-qPCR assay. The protein level of PAK1 was determined by western blot analysis. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Transwell chamber was used to detect cell migratory and invasive capability. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and biotin pull-down assay were applied to evaluate the relationship between MALAT1, miR-140-5p and PAK1. Xenograft experiments were performed to assess the effect and mechanism of MALAT1 in TSCC tumor growth. Results The expression of MALAT1 and p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) was upregulated and microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) expression was downregulated in TSCC tissues and cells. MALAT1 knockdown induced miR-140-5p expression by direct interaction. Moreover, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion by upregulating miR-140-5p expression in TSCC cells. Additionally, PAK1 was identified as a direct target of miR-140-5p. Also, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited PAK1 expression by upregulating miR-140-5p in TSCC cells. Furthermore, miR-140-5p overexpression curbed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells by targeting PAK1. Finally, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth by upregulating miR-140-5p and downregulating PAK1 in mouse xenograft models of TSCC. Conclusion MALAT1 contributed to TSCC progression via miR-140-5p-PAK1 regulatory axis, highlighting a potential target for TSCC management.

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are frequently applied in modeling coastal environments. We present an object-based correction approach for accurate and precise DEMs by integrating LiDAR point data, aerial imagery, and Real Time Kinematic-Global Positioning Systems. Four machine learning techniques (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbor, and Artificial Neural Network) were compared with the commonly used bias-correction method. The Random Forest object-based model produced best predictions for two study areas: Nine Mile (Mean Bias Error (MBE) reduced 0.18 to −0.02 m, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduced 0.22 to 0.08 m) and Flamingo (MBE reduced 0.17 to 0.02 m, RMSE reduced 0.24 to 0.10 m). A Monte Carlo model was developed to combine errors into the object-based machine learning corrected DEMs, and uncertainty maps spatially revealed the likelihood of error. The object-based correction approach provides an attractive alternative to the bias-correction method.

In order to enhance lipophilicity and oral bioavailability of paeoniflorin (PF), this study developed paeoniflorin-phospholipid complex (PF-PLC) by solvent-evaporation method. The optimum preparation technology of PF-PLC was screened by the combination of single factor and orthogonal experiment. The physicochemical properties of PF-PLC were evaluated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and oil-water partition coefficient study (lgP). The result of FTIR spectra indicated that there was some strong hydrogen bond interaction and good compatibility between the phospholipid molecule and PF in the complex. DSC and XRD structure analysis showed that PF was in form of amorphous structure in PF-PLC, and lgP of PF-PLC was enhanced, suggesting that the lipophilicity of PF-PLC was higher than that of PF. In vitro release of PF-PLC showed slower release than PF solution with its cumulative release rate of 93.81% at 24 h compared to 93.43% of PF at 1.5 h. In pharmacokinetic experiments, the AUC and Cmax of the PF-PLC were 1.97-fold and 2.5-fold higher than PF solution. These results suggested that PF-PLC could enhance lipophilicity and oral bioavailability of PF and provide a promising delivery system for the application of PF.

It is known that the introduction of stochastic resetting in an uncorrelated random walk process can lead to the emergence of a stationary state, i.e. the diffusion evolves towards a saturation state, and a steady Laplace distribution is reached. In this paper, we turn to study the anomalous diffusion of the correlated continuous-time random walk considering stochastic resetting. Results reveal that it displays quite different diffusive behaviors from the uncorrelated one. For the weak correlation case, the stochastic resetting mechanism can slow down the diffusion. However, for the strong correlation case, we find that the stochastic resetting cannot compete with the space-time correlation, and the diffusion presents the same behaviors with the one without resetting. Meanwhile, a steady distribution is never reached.

AIM: To compare the safety and efficacy of conbercept intravitreal injection and half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: This study was retrospective. Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) with chronic CSC received conbercept injections while 57 patients (57 eyes) were treated with half-dose PDT. All subjects were followed in 6mo. Outcome measures included change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF). RESULTS: There was no adverse event observed in either treatment group. At the 6-month follow-up, 26 eyes (70.3%) in the conbercept group and 54 eyes (94.7%) in the half-dose PDT group (P0.05). The SFCT also improved in all subjects (P

Oxidative stress is broadly implicated in chronic, inflammatory diseases because it causes protein and lipid damage, cell death, and stimulation of inflammatory signaling. Supplementation of innate antioxidant mechanisms with drugs such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic compound 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a promising strategy for reducing oxidative stress-driven pathologies. TEMPO is inexpensive to produce and has strong antioxidant activity, but it is limited as a drug due to rapid clearance from the body. It is also challenging to encapsulate into micellar nanoparticles or polymer microparticles, because it is a small, water soluble molecule that does not efficiently load into hydrophobic carrier systems. In this work, we pursued a polymeric form of TEMPO [poly(TEMPO)] to increase its molecular weight with the goal of improving in vivo bioavailability. High density of TEMPO on the poly(TEMPO) backbone limited water solubility and bioactivity of the product, a challenge that was overcome by tuning the density of TEMPO in the polymer by copolymerization with the hydrophilic monomer dimethylacrylamide (DMA). Using this strategy, we formed a series of poly(DMA-co-TEMPO) random copolymers. An optimal composition of 40 mol % TEMPO/60 mol % DMA was identified for water solubility and O(2)(•−) scavenging in vitro. In an air pouch model of acute local inflammation, the optimized copolymer outperformed both the free drug and a 100% poly(TEMPO) formulation in O(2)(•−) scavenging, retention, and reduction of TNFα levels. Additionally, the optimized copolymer reduced ROS levels after systemic injection in a footpad model of inflammation. These results demonstrate the benefit of polymerizing TEMPO for in vivo efficacy and could lead to a useful antioxidant polymer formulation for next-generation anti-inflammatory treatments.

Background: Health education is an educational activity, which can help to improve the individuals and groups health care knowledge, establish basic health concepts and voluntarily adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles through information dissemination and behavioral intervention. As one of the key influencing factors of patients’ rehabilitation, health education with high quality and efficiency has been gaining more focus. Nowadays, health education in surgical intervention departments is mainly carried out by oral face-to-face communication and guidance from admission nurses; however, this is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, oral guidance is influenced by the nurse’s ability for expression and acknowledgement. Methods: This is a protocol for a perspective, parallel-group RCT conducted at a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery institute in Lanzhou. A total of 184 patients aged ≥18 years with general surgery illness and acceptable surgery, will be randomly allocated to 1 of the two groups (1:1 ratio). Conscious, cooperative Chinese speaking patients with primary school or above education level were recruited in the study. Each participant will have a baseline assessment at the hospital and the clinical data will be collected. In the group of multi-media video education, routine content of health education will be videotaped and played by the nurses on the first day of admission of the participants. Primary outcomes are nursing workload, and satisfaction of patients, family members, doctors and nurses. Secondary outcomes will include patients' anxiety level, inquiry time, time taken by the patients and their family members to watch videos.Discussion: This study investigates the two types of health education methods for surgical patients. These results may help reduce the workload of nurses, without impacting the satisfaction of surgical patients.Trial registration: NCT03989401. Registered on 17 June 2018.

How to obtain more fresh water from nature economically and efficiently is a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently. Herein, inspired by the directional fog collection ability of the surface of pine needles, a wettability-gradient-brass-cone (WGBC) was prepared through a two-step process of precision cutting and chemical etching, producing a surface with functions of fog collection and droplet movement to the root of the cone. On the other hand, through experimental exploration and optimization of taper parameters, the excellent directional collection velocity of droplets was obtained. This work may direct the design of gradient wetting surfaces by mimicking the structure of pine needles and explore potential applications in fog harvesting.

To enhance the water solubility, oral bioavailability, and tumor targeting of gambogenic acid (GNA), polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) were prepared to encapsulate and stabilize GNA surface modified by folic acid (FA) and then coated with sodium alginate (GNA@PDA-FA SA NPs) to achieve an antitumor effect by oral administration. GNA@PDA-FA SA NPs exhibited in vitro pH-sensitive release behavior. In vitro cell studies manifested that GNA@PDA-FA NPs had higher cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells compared with raw GNA (IC50 = 2.58 μM vs 7.57 μM). After being modified with FA, GNA@PDA-FA NPs were taken up easily by 4T1 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC0→∞) of the plasma drug concentration-time of GNA@PDA-FA SA NPs was 2.97-fold higher than that of raw GNA, along with improving drug distribution in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues. In vivo anti-tumor experiments, GNA@PDA-FA SA NPs significantly inhibited the growth of breast tumors in the 4T1 xenograft breast cancer model via oral administration without obvious toxicity on major organs. Our studies indicated that the GNA@PDA-FA SA NPs modified with FA and coated with SA were a promising drug delivery system for targeting tumor therapy via oral administration.

To evaluate the effect of early mobilization on mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with mechanical ventilation after discharge by Meta-analysis.Databases including SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to September 17th, 2020, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) about early mobilization on mortality of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU after discharge, the references included in the literature were traced. The control group was given routine care, the experimental group was given early mobilization on the basis of the control group, including passive or active mobilization on the bed, sitting on the bed, standing by the bed, transferring to the bedside chair and assisting walking. The literature screening, data extracting, and the bias risk assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. Stata 12.0 software was then used to perform Meta-analysis. Funnel plot was used to test publication bias.A total of 10 RCT studies involving 1 323 patients were included, with 660 patients in the control group and 663 patients in the experimental group. The results of literature quality evaluation showed that 7 studies were grade A and 3 studies were grade B, indicating that the overall quality of included literatures was high. The Meta-analysis results showed that early mobilization did not increase the mortality of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU after discharge [odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.75-1.13, P = 0.449]. Subgroup analysis results showed that early mobilization had a tendency to reduce the mortality of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge, but the difference was not statistically significant (3-month mortality: OR = 1.02, 95%CI was 0.74-1.40, P = 0.927; 6-month mortality: OR = 0.95, 95%CI was 0.70-1.27, P = 0.712; 12-month mortality: OR = 0.60, 95%CI was 0.33-1.10, P = 0.101). Funnel plot showed that the distribution of included literatures was not completely symmetrical, suggesting that publication bias might exist.Early mobilization does not increase the mortality of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation after discharge. Although it tends to have a favorable outcome in reducing mortality, and has a trend to reduce the mortality. However, due to the small number of included literatures, small sample size and differences in the specific implementation of early mobilization among various studies, a large number of high-quality RCT studies are still needed for further verification.

General greening in vegetation, especially in southwest China, has been observed globally in recent decade. However, temporal-spatial variation patterns and potential causes of vegetation greening are not well understood in southwest China. Here, we used data of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climate, land use and land cover, geology, ecological afforestation and karst rocky desertification to analyze the temporal-spatial variation patterns in vegetation coverage and its response to climate change and human-induced factors in southwest China between 2000 and 2016. A general greening trend in vegetation, with significant differences in temporal-spatial variation patterns, was observed in southwest China from 2000 to 2016, and the area of significant vegetation greening from 2006 to 2016 increased by 4.68% relative to the level from 2000 to 2005. The increased proportion of significant vegetation greening was higher in the karst regions (6.95%), especially in the limestone region (8.00%), than in the nonkarst region (3.82%). Of all the vegetation greening trends, 65% was associated with human-induced factors, and 35% was resulted from climate change from 2000 to 2005. After the implementation of karst ecological restoration engineering, the contribution of human-induced factors to vegetation greening increased to 77% from 2006 to 2016, although southwest China experienced a serve drought during that time. These results highlight that karst ecological engineering projects can reduce the risks of desertification and karst ecosystem sensitivity to climate perturbations.

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern. This study aimed to assess the psychological outcomes and their influencing factors among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey using structured questionnaires was conducted from 20 February to 20 March 2020. Psychological outcomes were assessed according to the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Influencing factors were assessed by COVID-19 knowledge, mindful coping scale, and sense of control scale.Results: Our sample comprises of 563 university students (male = 172, mean age = 21.52). Among them, 382 are medical students. Among the participants, 12.26%, 18.47%, and 8.53% of them have moderate to severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. Compared with the non-medical students, the medical students had a higher knowledge level of COVID-19, a higher sense of awareness, and fewer mental health symptoms. After controlling the covariance, perceived constrains of sense of control were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among both medical and non-medical students. Prevention of negative emotions by mindful coping was negatively associated with depression and anxiety among non-medical students. Knowledge of COVID-19 is not associated with mental distress among medical and non-medical students.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, the mental health of university students was affected. Our findings suggested that a sense of control is a protective factor for both medical and non-medical students, while mindful coping is a protective factor for only non-medical students.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-tct-10.1177_15330338211019376 for LncRNA SNHG3 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through miR-515-5p/SUMO2 Axis by Yongqun Li, Lipin Gao, Caiyun Zhang and Jiguang Meng in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-tct-10.1177_15330338211019376 for LncRNA SNHG3 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through miR-515-5p/SUMO2 Axis by Yongqun Li, Lipin Gao, Caiyun Zhang and Jiguang Meng in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

The East China Sea (ECS) is seriously impacted by harmful algal blooms (HABs). Therefore, early assessments of HAB risk in this area are extremely important. Using long-term historical HAB observation data and satellite-derived sea surface temperatures (SSTs), we found that the annual number of HAB events was positively correlated with the mean March SST and negatively correlated with the SST change rate from March to July in nearshore waters (50 m). A simple method of HAB risk assessment was therefore proposed based on either March SST (threshold: 13 °C) or SST change rate (threshold: 3.6 °C/month). Validation against a k-means classification scheme indicated that the overall accuracy based on the March SST threshold was 85%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.69. The SST-based method facilitates the assessment of HAB risk in the ECS 1-2 months in advance, thus helping to reduce the damage caused by HABs.

Photothermal materials are attracting more and more attention. In this research, we synthesized a ferrocene-containing polymer with magnetism and photothermal properties. The resulting polymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its photo-thermocatalytic activity was investigated by choosing methylene blue (MB) as a model compound. The degradation percent of MB under an irradiated 808 nm laser reaches 99.5% within 15 min, and the degradation rate is 0.5517 min−1, which is 145 times more than that of room temperature degradation. Under irradiation with simulated sunlight, the degradation rate is 0.0092 min−1, which is approximately 2.5 times more than that of room temperature degradation. The present study may open up a feasible route to degrade organic pollutants.

Purpose The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health.

Gymnodinium catenatum is a cosmopolitan, bloom-forming dinoflagellate known to produce a suite of potent paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins. Here, we revisit two major blooms of G. catenatum along the Fujianese Coast, China, in 2017 and 2018. The impact area of the 2017 bloom was larger than that of the 2018 event. Field sampling and remote satellite sensing revealed that alongshore transport driven by the southwest wind, as well as physical accumulation driven by the northeast wind, played important roles in the development and distribution of the two bloom events. The relationship between wind-induced hydrodynamic conditions and the unprecedented HAB events established in this study adds greatly to our understanding of algal bloom dynamics along the Fujianese coast. These results improve our ability to detect, track, and forecast G. catenatum blooms, thereby potentially minimizing the negative impacts of future HAB events.

The highly complex geology of the Sichuan Shale gas play, especially in relation to natural fracture systems at different scales, affects the hydraulic completion efficiency and performance. Ant-tracking-based workflows and borehole image data are regularly used to optimize completion campaigns, but bridge-plug-stuck and screen-out risks are still high. The lack of sufficient understanding and accurate identification of the natural fracture systems are the major challenges to address these engineering risks.Surface microseismic monitoring campaigns were conducted over several wells of the Changning field, Sichuan Basin, China. The surface receivers were placed in a radial pattern to record microseismicity generated by hydraulic fracturing. The failure mechanism of all mapped microseismic events (i.e., strike, dip, rake, etc.) was extracted using a moment tensor inversion (MTI) method. Improved understanding of the natural fracture systems and their influence during the hydraulic fracturing process has been achieved by integrating the regional geological data, pumping data and MTI results.Several hydraulic fracturing cases that stimulated near natural fracture systems were investigated. The microseismic monitoring results show that (i) most of the hydraulically induced fractures located in the vicinity of the natural facture or fault did not propagate along the regional maximum stress direction, (ii) the bridge plug got stuck and (iii) screen-out happened frequently in these areas. Moment tensor inversion reveals that (i) the dominant failure mechanism of the natural fractures different from hydraulically induced fractures, (ii) more than one group of natural fractures develop along different directions.Real-time adjustments of the pumping schedule and bridge-plug settings were conducted to reduce engineering risks based on the improved understanding of natural fractures, which proved effective. The innovation of using surface microseismic monitoring results to improve understanding of natural fractures and reduce the engineering risks in real time represents a key step forward to mitigate natural fracture influence and improve the effectiveness of stimulation.

Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), as a malignancy marker, is overly expressed in multiple solid tumors including colorectal neoplasms, one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. The main objective of this study is to enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor therapy targeting EGFR by constructing a novel EGFR-specific immunotoxin (C-CUSE. coli BL21 (DE3) PlysS (E. coli) was used to express CUSCUSC-CUS

To investigate the current status of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) assessment, analyze the assessment barriers, and to provide reference to improve ICU-AW assessment.A convenient sampling cross-sectional survey was conducted. First, an interview outline which based on related domestic and international literatures and combining with the research purpose of this study were designed. Thirteen medical personnel (8 ICU nurses, 3 ICU doctors, 1 respiratory therapist and 1 physiotherapist) who worked in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled with convenience sampling method to interview. Second, the topics were comprehensively analyzed and extracted, and then a questionnaire was constructed, and the reliability and validity was assessed. Finally, the questionnaire survey including the general situation of ICU medical staffs, the current practices of ICU-AW and influencing factors was implemented in China.The retest reliability was 0.92 and expert validity was 0.96 of the questionnaire. There were 3 563 respondents in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions which eliminated 357 unqualified questionnaires, including 173 respondents from neonatal or pediatric ICU, 89 respondents whose working time was less than 6 months, and 95 invalid respondents, and then there were finally 3 206 valid questionnaires and the response rate were 90.0%. Those 3 206 respondents included 616 doctors (19.2%), 2 371 nurses (74.0%), 129 respiratory therapists (4.0%), 51 physiotherapist (1.6%) and 39 dietitians (1.2%). The mean age was (30.7±6.3) years old. Most of them had bachelor's degree (65.9%), master and above was 14.1%. Associate senior physician and above was 8.0%; ICU working time was (5.94±4.50) years. In clinical practice, only 26.5% of the ICU medical staffs confirmed that they had treated or taken care for ICU-AW patients; 52.9% of medical staffs evaluated ICU-AW only based on clinical experience, and only 12.3% used ICU-AW assessment tools. The majority of respondents believed that ICU-AW knowledge training should be performed (81.8%), ICU-AW assessment should be as important as other complications (pressure sore, infected ventilator associated pneumonia, etc., 75.1%), and ICU-AW assessment should be part of daily treatment and care activities (61.2%). However, only 10.2% of respondents had received ICU-AW related knowledge training, and 42.7% respondents believed that their ICU-AW related knowledge could not meet clinical needs. Only 18.7% respondents would actively assess whether patients suffered from ICU-AW or not, and 42.3% respondents thought that ICU-AW should be assessed every day, and the assessment tools were also inconsistent. There were 44.0% respondents considered the Medical Research Council Muscle score (MRC-score) scale was the optimal tool for diagnosing ICU-AW, the following were neuro-electrophysiological examination (17.2%) and manual muscle strength (MMT, 11.1%). The main cause of the ICU-AW assessment barriers was the lack of ICU-AW related knowledge (88.1%), and the following were lack of ICU-AW assessment guidelines (76.5%), patients' cognitive impairment or limited understanding ability (84.6%), unable to cooperate with the assessment due to critical illness (83.0%), and inadequate attention to ICU-AW assessment by the department (77.5%).The current status of ICU-AW assessment were unsatisfying in China, and the main barriers were lack of skills and knowledge.

Osteosarcoma (OSA), the malignant bone tumor, predominantly affecting children and adolescents, threatens the life and life quality of the patients. An increasing number of studies have indicated the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation in cancer biology. Herein, the study was aimed to explore the role of FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1), a lncRNA, in OSA. Expression levels of FGD5-AS1, miR-506-3p and RAB3D mRNA were quantified utilizing qRT-PCR. The expression of RAB3D protein was examined employing Western blot. A series of functional experiments including CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay were performed for studying the effects of FGD5-AS1 on the malignancy of OSA cell lines 143B and HOS. The binding site between miR-506-3p and FGD5-AS1 was identified and validated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. It was demonstrated that the expression of FGD5-AS1 was up-regulated in OSA tissues and cell lines, and its high expression is associated with higher Enneking stage and poorer histological differentiation. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies suggested that FGD5-AS1 facilitated OSA cells proliferation and migration. The promoting effects of FGD5-AS1 overexpression on OSA cell proliferation and migration could be counteracted by miR-506-3p. Moreover, FGD5-AS1 competitively adsorbed miR-506-3p to repress its expression so as to up-regulate the expression of RAB3D. These results indicate that FGD5-AS1 is capable of expediting OSA cell proliferation and migration via sponging miR-506-3p to up-regulate RAB3D.

In this work, a visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform was developed based on BiOI nanoflowers/TiO

A novel citrate-crosslinked Zn-MOF/chitosan (ZnBDC/CSC) composite was successfully prepared by immobilizing Zn-MOF (ZnBDC) on citrate-crosslinked chitosan (CSC) using citric acid as a chemical bridge. ZnBDC/CSC was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, solid-state 13C NMR, BET and SEM. The adsorption of ZnBDC/CSC for Cr(VI) and MO from aqueous solutions were studied at pH 5.0. The adsorption conditions, such as adsorption time and initial concentration of Cr(VI) and MO solutions were investigated. The results indicated that ZnBDC/CSC showed high adsorption capacity for both Cr(VI) (225 ± 4 mg g−1) and MO (202 ± 3 mg g−1), respectively. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on ZnBDC/CSC could be well described by Langmuir isotherm model, while MO followed Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetic of Cr(VI) and MO demonstrated a better fitness to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG)) demonstrated that the adsorption processes of Cr(VI) and MO on ZnBDC/CSC were exothermic, disordered and spontaneous at 298−318 K. The adsorption mechanism of ZnBDC/CSC for Cr(VI) could be mainly explained by electrostatic attraction and cation-π interaction, while for MO, it could be assigned to n-π and π-π interactions, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. ZnBDC/CSC could be recycled and reused for the removal of Cr(VI) and MO.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in evaluating left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Method We studied 30 patients with OC treated with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin chemotherapy. Two-dimensional echocardiography and 3D-STI were performed in the patients before they underwent 2- and 6-cycle chemotherapies, and in 30 normal control subjects. Were measured LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), three-dimensional LV ejection fraction (3D-LVEF), stroke volume (SV), spherical index (SPI), LV end-diastolic mass (LV EDmass), LV end-systolic mass (LV ESmass), LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), global area strain (GAS) and cardiac troponin T(cTnT). At the end of chemotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed. Result The 3D conventional strain values (3D-LVEF, SV, LV EDV) after the 2- and 6-cycle chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy. LV Edmass, LV ESmass and cTnT were higher while LV GLS, GCS, GRS, GAS were lower after 2- and after 6-cycle chemotherapy than before chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in ESV and EDV between the 3D-STI and MRI parameters. GAS showed a significant negative correlation with cTnT. MRI and 3D-STI variables were significantly correlated, and the receiver operating characteristic curves showed the greater area under the curve for GAS after 2- and after 6-cycle chemotherapy. After 2-cycle chemotherapy, the highest specificity for GAS was 93.3%, and the highest sensitivity for GLS was 70.0%. After 6-cycle chemotherapy, the highest specificity for GAS was 96.7%, and the highest sensitivity for GLS was 96.7%. Conclusion The LV systolic function decreased in OC patients treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin, showing that 3D-STI may detect early LV systolic dysfunction.

Designing and synthesizing a stable compound with a planar tetracoordinate silicon (ptSi) center is a challenging goal for chemists. Here, a series of potential aromatic ptSi compounds composed of four conjugated rings shared by a centrally embedded Si atom are theoretically designed and computationally verified. Both Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations and potential energy surface scannings verify the high stability and likely existence of these compounds, particularly Si-16-5555 (SiN4 C8 H8 ) with 16 π electrons, under standard ambient temperature and pressure. Notably, the Huckel aromaticity rule, which works well for single rings, is inconsistent with the high stability of Si-16-5555 where the 16 p electrons are spread over four five-membered rings fused together. Bonding analyses show that the strong electron donation from the peripheral 12-membered conjugated ring with 16 π electrons to the vacant central atomic orbital Si 3pz leads to the stabilization for both the ptSi coordination and planar aromaticity. The partial occupation of Si 3pz results in the peculiar carbenoid-type behaviors for the amphoteric center. By modulating the electron density on the ring with substituent groups, we can regulate the nucleophilic and electrophilic properties of the central Si.

Field collection of permafrost vegetation and seasonal thaw depth measurements are a time consuming and labor intensive procedure. To address this, in this study we assessed the capacity of airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data for upscaling in-situ point data to map vegetation and summer thaw depth at an experimental site near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. The site represents roughly three quarters of the most common vegetation in the boreal and taiga permafrost zones. An overall accuracy of 93% was achieved for mapping five different vegetation types, and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.66 was produced for thaw depth modeling using a machine learning algorithm when two remote sensing data sources were combined. Object-based vegetation and thaw depth maps were produced. This study demonstrates that fine spatial resolution hyperspectral data could be valuable for permafrost characterization, while the contribution from LiDAR was marginal at the testing site.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic effect of internal carotid artery resection and one-stage revascularization in advanced cervical metastatic carcinoma. METHOD: Twenty-one patients with advanced head and neck malignant tumors who underwent internal carotid artery resection and one-stage revascularization were analyzed retrospectively. Among those, 11 patients suffered from hypo-pharyngeal carcinomas, 5 laryngeal carcinomas, 2 external auditory carcinomas, 1 middle ear carcinoma, and 2 parotid gland carcinomas. All patients received CT, MRI, DSA and other examinations before operation. It was found that all the internal carotid artery walls had been invaded by tumors, and there were different degrees of lumen stenosis. Autogenous saphenous vein grafts were used in 18 cases; artificial vessels were used in 3 cases. After revascularization, pedicled or free flaps were used to protect the anastomotic areas. All patients were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy according to different situations. RESULT: Among the 21 cases, 16 cases underwent reconstruction of cervical segment internal carotid and 5 cases were the skull base segment internal carotid. Twenty patients were successfully reconstructed in the first stage, and no vascular reconstruction-related nervous system complications occurred after operations. Postoperative imaging showed that the reconstructed blood vessels were well recanalized, with a success rate of 95.2%(20/21). Only 1 case received ligation of internal carotid artery after the failure of vascular reconstruction. Among all the cases, the 1-year survival rate and 3-year survival rate were 90.5% and 40.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced head and neck malignant tumors with cervical metastatic cancer invading the internal carotid artery, one-stage revascularization after radical resection of the tumor and the internal carotid can achieve good therapeutic effect. Careful preoperative evaluation, proficient vascular anastomosis technology, adequate risk assessment and prevention are the key to the success of the operations.

To investigate the cognitive impairment after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and provide theoretical basis for prevention and intervention.Studies about cognitive impairment after ICU discharge were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang data, CNKI and SinoMed from their foundation to December 2019. The literature screening and data extraction were performed by two researchers independently, and the quality of different types of researches was evaluated using Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0, Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and agency for healthcare research and quality criteria (AHRQ). The Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 13.0 software. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the reliability of the combined effect values. Funnel plot and Egger test were used to analyze publication bias. The non-parametric clipping was used to evaluate the impact of publication bias on the results.A total of 35 studies were enrolled, including 27 prospective cohort studies, 4 retrospective cohort studies, 2 randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, 1 case-control study, and 1 cross-sectional study. Three literatures were published in Chinese and 32 were in English, which covered 13 countries, and a total of 102 504 ICU survivors were followed up successfully. Literature quality evaluation results showed that the NOS scores of 31 cohort studies were between 6 and 9, of which the case-control study scored 9. The quality grade of 2 RCT studies were both B. According to the AHRQ criteria, 1 cross-sectional study's design was scientifically rigorous and of high quality. Thirty-five studies reported that the overall incidence of cognitive impairment after ICU discharge ranged from 2.47% to 66.07%. For the multiple follow-ups studies, the first survey data was selected for Meta-analysis, and the results showed that the pooled incidence was 38.44% [95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 29.32-47.55]. Each study was removed for sensitivity analysis and the pooled results did not change much, which indicated that the results were reliable. The sub-group analysis was performed on different evaluation methods for cognitive impairment after ICU discharge, different types of ICU patients, and different follow-up time. The results showed that the pooled incidence of studies using neuropsychological test to evaluate cognitive impairment after ICU discharge was 31.42% (95%CI was 21.82-41.02), the pooled incidence of studies using questionnaires or scales was 38.75% (95%CI was 29.54-47.96), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P0.01). The pooled incidence of cognitive impairment after ICU discharge in general ICU patients was 43.42% (95%CI was 30.88-55.95), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients' pooled incidence was 34.40% (95%CI was 23.02-45.79), and the pooled incidence of elderly ICU patients was 12.93% (95%CI was 8.48-17.37), the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (P0.01). The incidences of cognitive impairment1 year, 1 to 4 years, ≥ 5 years after ICU discharge were 43.30% (95%CI was 29.47-57.13), 34.21% (95%CI was 26.70-41.72), and 20.22% (95%CI was 4.89-35.55), respectively, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant (P0.01). The funnel plot showed that the distribution of all studies was asymmetric, and the Egger test result also suggested that there might be publication bias (P0.05). The non-parametric clipping was used to estimate the impact of publication bias on the results, and the result showed that the difference in the incidence of cognitive impairment after ICU discharge before and after non-parametric clipping was large, suggesting that publication bias might influence the stability of the research results.The incidence of cognitive impairment after ICU discharge is relatively high and persistent for a long time, but diagnostic criteria of cognitive impairment and follow-up time are quite different. It is necessary to develop consistent evaluation criteria and rigorous designed research in the further.

To evaluate the effect of preventing and treatment of pharmaceuticals on intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) by systematic review.The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning pharmaceutical prevention and treatment about ICU-AW in SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang data, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, and other sources were searched from their foundation to May 30th, 2019. The patients in the intervention group were treated with drugs to prevent or treat ICU-AW; and those in control group were treated with other rehabilitation methods. Data searching, extracting and quality evaluation were assessed by two reviewers independently. Stata 12.0 software was then used for Meta-analysis. Only descriptive analysis was conducted when only one study was enrolled.A total of 11 RCTs were enrolled with 1 865 patients in the intervention group and 1 894 in the control group. The results of quality evaluation showed that 4 studies were A-level and 7 studies were B-level, indicating that the overall quality of the enrolled literature was high. Meta-analysis showed that intensive insulin therapy could prevent ICU-AW [relative risk (RR) = 0.761, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.662-0.876, P = 0.000], but reduced phenylalanine loss (nmol×100 mLIntensive insulin therapy can prevent ICU-AW, but the risk of hypoglycemia will increase. Other drugs including growth hormone, glutamine, dexmedetomidine, neostigmine, oxandrolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin have no obvious advantages in the prevention and treatment of ICU-AW, so no drug has been recommended to prevent and treat ICU-AW.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in various tumors and is associated with cancer initiation, progression, and poor prognosis. Despite the achievements made by tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in certain cases, many patients have not benefited from such treatment due to resistance. Immunotoxins (ITs) are antibody-cytotoxin chimeric molecules with specific cell killing ability, which have achieved different degrees of success in the treatment of a wide range of cancers in clinical trials. The aim of the current study was to examine a novel targeting EGFR recombinant immunotoxin Bs/cucurmosin (CUS) generated by fusing CUS to the EGFR-specific nanobody 7D12-9G8. Bs/CUS was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) in a soluble form. Furthermore, it retained binding capacity and specificity with EGFR and was superior to rE/CUS, a monospecific IT we reported previously. In vitro results showed that Bs/CUS could be internalized into the cytoplasm and selectively kill cells in the picomolar range. Flow cytometry showed that Bs/CUS killed the cells mediated by the apoptosis pathway. Taken together, results of the current study indicated that Bs/CUS is a promising candidate that should be further evaluated as a cancer therapeutic for the treatment of EGFR-positive tumors.

Background To evaluate postoperative changes in retinal capillary plexus and to assess contributing factors in postoperative visual improvement using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) post membrane removal. Methods Patients scheduled for vitrectomy and membrane peel for iERM were enrolled. 35 subjects were included for this study. OCT-A was used to measure the FAZ related parameters and the superficial and deep capillary plexus layers using 3 mm × 3 mm scans. Measurements were taken before surgery and at every post-surgical follow-up. The unaffected fellow eyes were used as controls. Evaluated factors included: BCVA, vessel density (VD) and retinal thickness (RT) in five regions, FAZ area, FAZ perimeter (PERIM), acircularity index (AI) and foveal vessel density (FD). Results Compared with the control group, the foveal vessel density (FVD) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was greater in the epi-retinal membrane group (P p > 0.05). After surgery there was a reduction in the PRVD in SCP. The FVD in DCP increased and the PRVD in DCP decreased at baseline (p p > 0.05). D-value of LogMAR BCVA was positively correlated with pre-op LogMAR BCVA (p p P P Conclusions Vitrectomy and membrane removal led to the decrease of VD in SCP and the increase of PRVD in DCP. Patients with a more severe iERM may receive greater visual improvement with surgery. Trial registration Trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration. ChiCTR2000031289, retrospectively registered, 2020.03.26.

Mean annual temperatures in interior Alaska, currently -1°C, are projected to increase as much as 5°C by 2100. An increase in mean annual temperatures is expected to degrade permafrost and alter hydrogeology, soils, vegetation, and microbial communities. Ice and carbon rich “yedoma type” permafrost in the area is ecosystem protected against thaw by a cover of thick organic soils and mosses. As such, interactions between vegetation, permafrost ice content, the snow pack, and the soil thermal regime are critical in maintaining permafrost. We studied how and where vegetation and soil surface characteristics can be used to identify subsurface permafrost composition. Of particular interest were potential relationships between permafrost ice content, the soil thermal regime, and vegetation cover. We worked along 400-500 m transects at sites that represent the variety of ecotypes common in interior Alaska. Airborne LiDAR imagery was collected from May 9-11, 2014 with a spatial resolution of 0.25 m. During the winters from 2013-2019 snow pack depths have been made at roughly 1 m intervals along site transects using a snow depth datalogger coupled with a GPS. In late summer from 2013-2019 maximum seasonal thaw depths have been measured at 4 m intervals along each transect. Electrical resistivity tomography measurements were collected across the site transects. A variety of machine learning geospatial analysis approaches were also used to identify relationships between ecosystem characteristics, seasonal thaw, and permafrost soil and ice composition. Wintertime measurements show a clear relationship between vegetation cover and snow depth. Interception (and shallow snow) was evident in the birch and white spruce forests and where dense shrubs are present while the open tussock and intermittent shrub regions yield the greatest snow depths. Results from repeat seasonal thaw depth measurements also show a strong relationship with vegetation where mixed birch and spruce forest is associated with the deepest seasonal thaw. The tussock/shrub and spruce forest zones consistently exhibited the shallowest seasonal thaw. Roughly 60% of the seasonal thaw along the transects occurred by mid-July and downward movement of the thaw front had mostly ceased by late August with little additional thaw between August 20 and early October. Summer precipitation shows a relationship with seasonal thaw depth with the wettest summers associated with the deepest thaw. Results from this study identify clear relationships between ecotype, permafrost composition, and seasonal thaw dynamics that can help identify how and where permafrost degradation can be expected in a warmer future arctic.

The transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex was initially identified as a tethering factor for COPII vesicle. Subsequently, three forms (TRAPPI, II, and III) have been found and TRAPPIII has been reported to serve as a regulator in autophagy. This study investigates a new role of mammalian TRAPPIII in ciliogenesis. We found a ciliopathy protein, oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 (OFD1), interacting with the TRAPPIII-specific subunits TRAPPC8 and TRAPPC12. TRAPPC8 is necessary for the association of OFD1 with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1). Its depletion reduces the extent of colocalized signals between OFD1 and PCM1, but does not compromise the structural integrity of centriolar satellites. The interaction between TRAPPC8 and OFD1 inhibits that between OFD1 and TRAPPC12, suggesting different roles of TRAPPIII-specific subunits in ciliogenesis and explaining the differences in cilium lengths in TRAPPC8-depleted and TRAPPC12-depleted hTERT-RPE1 cells. On the other hand, TRAPPC12 depletion causes increased ciliary length because TRAPPC12 is required for the disassembly of primary cilia. Overall, this study has revealed different roles of TRAPPC8 and TRAPPC12 in the assembly of centriolar satellites and demonstrated a possible tethering role of TRAPPIII during ciliogenesis.

Background: Cognitive impairment represents a risk factor for falls in older adults. However, cognition is a complex construct comprising several functional domains. The relationship between specific cognitive domain and falls in cognitively healthy older adults is unclear. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between falls, attention, and executive function in older adults while considering the three components of attention (alerting, orienting, and executive control) and three components of executive function (updating, inhibition, and shifting). Methods: Cognitively healthy older adults were recruited (n = 60 for fallers and n = 100 for non-fallers). The participants were assessed on the Attention Network Test (alerting, orienting, and executive control), running memory test (updating), Stroop test (inhibition), and digit switching test (shifting). Confounder-adjusted logistic models were used to examine the associations between falls and specific cognitive functions in cognitively healthy older adults. Results: The results showed that falls were associated with alerting, executive control, and updating. These associations were not attenuated when adjusting for a series of covariates such as age, gender, education, balance, general health, and emotional status. Conclusions: The results suggest that among cognitively healthy older adults, falls are related to three specific cognitive functions: alerting, executive control, and updating. Disentangling the mechanism and contribution of cognitive deficits in fall risk may provide insights for the development of prevention and rehabilitation strategies for falls in older adults.

The Florida Everglades is the largest subtropical wetland in the USA. It is recognized both nationally and internationally as one of the world’s most unique natural and cultural resources, as it supports many threatened and endangered species. All of Florida resides within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, and most of Florida is underlain by a thick sequence of carbonate sediment known as the Florida Platform, which was formed during Pleistocene or Ice Age. Hammocks in the northern Everglades consist of more temperate plant species, including the live oak and the hackberry; closer to Florida Bay, the trees are tropical and smaller shrubs are more prevalent. In 2000, the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan was authorized by Congress to restore, preserve, and protect the south Florida ecosystem while providing for other water-related needs of the region, including water supply and flood protection.

In the Everglades, Landsat and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer have been applied to estimate water quality parameters with an aim to develop remote sensing models to map water quality on a large spatial scale. Landsat has a suitable resolution to monitor shallow water quality. Compared to other satellite missions, the major benefits of Landsat Thematic Mapper for water quality monitoring include its mission continuity, cost-free data products, and absolute calibration. The chapter introduces several approaches for applying Landsat data for salinity modeling and mapping in Florida Bay. The capability of Landsat for water quality modeling is tested in Florida Bay, which is a marine lagoon at the southern end of Florida with an average depth of less than 1 meter. The linear regression models achieved an encouraging result in water salinity modeling and mapping using Landsat data in northeast Florida Bay.

Hyperspectral data have proven more effective for vegetation mapping than multispectral data due to their rich spectral content. This chapter discusses 4-m Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery was applied to map land cover-level vegetation types in the central Greater Everglades using modern machine learning classifiers and object-based mapping techniques. It examines the value of hyperspectral imagery for wetland mapping, classification results were compared with the application of multispectral Ikonos imagery. After data dimensionality reduction, the Minimum Noise Fraction imagery was segmented to produce image objects for object-based mapping. The reference objects of AVIRIS were first converted from polygon features to point features in ArcGIS, and then the point features were spatially joined to the segmentation polygons of Ikonos. AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery produced acceptable accuracy from the Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers. The Kappa value describes the proportion of correctly classified validation samples after random agreement is removed.