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50,071 results on '"CYBERNETICS"'

201. The Internet Roadmap for Educators.

Author

Educational Research Service, Arlington, VA. and Educational Research Service, Arlington, VA.

Abstract

Vast changes have taken place in Internet resources and features. To update teachers, administrators, and students on the changing cyberspace landscape, the Educational Research Service has developed a guidebook for using the Internet both in and out of the classroom. It contains detailed information about the World Wide Web, tools for searching and organizing information, and acceptable use policies. Section 1 describes ways in which educators and students are using the Internet and provides examples of instructional benefits and innovative applications. Section 2 lists education-related sites, newsgroups, and mailing lists of interest to teachers and administrators. The third section offers examples of Internet-based educational projects and sites that post current projects. Information about connecting to the Internet is provided in the fourth section. Section 5 describes how to use tools, such as e-mail, newsgroups, the World Wide Web, and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), providing instructions for both those with graphical access and those with text-based access. Advanced procedures for Internet users and copyright issues are discussed in the sixth section. Section 7 explains how to use the Internet safely, including the restriction of access to objectionable online material and acceptable use policies. A glossary is included. (LMI)

Published
1996

202. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS APPLIED TO OCCUPATIONAL INSTRUCTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

Author

Education and Training Consultants Co., Los Angeles, CA. and SILVERN, LEONARD C.

Abstract

GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF DEVELOPING A MODEL TO DESCRIBE "REAL-LIFE" FEEDBACK SIGNAL PATHS FROM OUTSIDE THE SECONDARY SCHOOL OR SCHOOL DISTRICT TO AN OCCUPATIONAL TEACHER. AFTER A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE LITERATURE IN SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS SINCE 1914, IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT ATTENTION SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO SYSTEMS THEORY IN DISCIPLINES OTHER THAN EDUCATION. DATA USED TO SYNTHESIZE A FLOW CHART MODEL WAS COLLECTED IN INTERVIEWS WITH EDUCATORS, OCCUPATIONAL DIRECTORS, STUDENTS, AND OTHER PROFESSIONALS, BUT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERVIEWS IS NOT REPORTED. THE CYBERNETIC MODEL INCLUDES 49 CLOSED-LOOP FEEDBACK SIGNAL PATHS, EACH IDENTIFIABLE IN TERMS OF 5 CHARACTERISTICS WHICH IN TURN AFFECT INSTRUCTOR PERFORMANCE. THE MODEL WAS SHOWN TO BE FEASIBLE AND APPLICABLE TO REAL-LIFE. CONTINUING REFINEMENT OF THE LOOPS, USING MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND REAL-LIFE EXPERIENCES, IS RECOMMENDED. (LH)

203. Hypertext Hamlet.

Author

Hayles, N. Katherine

Abstract

Examines the ways that hypertext technology is changing the understanding and teaching of literature. Hypertext routinely provides links from the literary text to critical commentary, graphic material, and biographical information. Includes a brief example of hypertext experimental fiction. (MJP)

Published
1995

204. Tracking the Missing Biologist.

Author

Morgenstern, Douglas and Murray, Janet H.

Abstract

Describes an interactive computer simulation where the student assumes the role of a reporter searching for a missing biologist in Columbia. The search involves simulated news broadcasts, documentary footage, and interviews with Colombians, all in Spanish. The student accesses help via electronic archives (translated words) and faxing the editor. (MJP)

Published
1995

205. A Conversation with...James O'Donnell.

Author

Hackney, Sheldon

Abstract

Presents a wide-ranging discussion centering on how computers are changing the university and society. Professor James O'Donnell provides numerous examples illustrating how the process of communication is adapting and reacting to the virtual environment. He also discusses the changing role and responsibilities of the university. (MJP)

Published
1995

206. Restructuring a Large IT Organization: Theory, Model, Process, and Initial Results.

Author

Luker, Mark

Abstract

Recently the University of Wisconsin-Madison merged three existing but disparate technology-related units into a single division reporting to a chief information officer. The new division faced many challenges, beginning with the need to restructure the old units into a cohesive new organization. The restructuring process, based on structural cybernetics theory, is described. (Author/MSE)

Published
1995

207. Using Culture and Communications Theory in Postmodern Urban Planning: A Cybernetic Approach.

Author

Allison, Eric W. and Allison, Mary Ann

Abstract

Presents a historical perspective relating the physical construction and the symbolic interpretation of cities as places of meaning. Contends that, with changing social organization, a qualitatively new form of space has developed, called cyberspace, and that therefore urban planning must be performed in a framework that is both ecological and cybernetic. (SR)

Published
1995

208. The Autopoietic State: Communication and Democratic Potential in the Net.

Author

Braman, Sandra

Abstract

Discussion of the impact of the use of information technology on democratic potential highlights the concept of the autopoietic state as a basis for determining appropriate communication policy principles in a network environment. Topics addressed include the relationship between information and power; systems theory; chaos theory; and the nation-state. (Contains 42 references.) (LRW)

Published
1994

209. Soul on Silicon.

Author

Kurzweil, Raymond C.

Abstract

Summarizes recent advances in computer simulation and "reverse engineering" technologies, highlighting the Human Genome Project to scan the human genetic code; artificial retina chips to copy the human retina's neural organization; high-speed, high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanners; and the virtual book. Discusses professional and ethical implications of these and other technological developments. (MLH)

Published
1994

210. The Children's Machine: Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer.

Author

Papert, Seymour and Papert, Seymour

Abstract

Seymour Papert, who holds the Lego Chair for Learning Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looks back over a decade during which American schools acquired more than three million computers and assesses progress and resistance to progress. Stories about visionary teachers who have used computers to enrich learning provide a glimpse of this potential, but school as an institution has resisted. Technology should not be an add-on to a preconceived system of education. The book is particularly critical of the schools' way of isolating the computer in a separate room where computer literacy becomes just another subject or using computer-aided instruction as a new technology for teaching the same old curriculum. In the proposed vision, the computer will be as much part of all learning as the pencil and the book have been in the past. With the new computer-based media, children will master areas of knowledge that are now inaccessible. Self-directed work will allow an unprecedented diversity of learning styles and opportunity for students to learn to take charge of their own learning. (Contains 16 references.) (KRN)

Published
1993

211. Control and the Cyborg: Writing and Being Written in Hypertext.

Author

Johnson-Eilola, Johndan

Abstract

Describes the computer technology called hypertext, especially as it relates to teaching composition. Argues that the ability to redistribute textual control hold both empowerment and danger for hypertext writer/readers, who can be compared to cyborgs. Discusses the implications of hypertext for composition pedagogy. (HB)

Published
1993

212. Networked Information Retrieval Tools in the Academic Environment: Towards a Cybernetic Library.

Author

Brett, George H., II

Abstract

Reviews the literature of networked information retrieval tools to explore the concept of an interactive text-based virtual reality environment that would encompass resources currently available on the Internet. Highlights include academic libraries, electronic mail, hypertext navigation systems, wide area information servers, knowbots and intelligent agents, and further research needs. (Contains 42 references.) (LRW)

Published
1993

213. Whole Language: Reform and Resistance.

Author

Clarke, Mark A. and Commins, Nancy L.

Abstract

The issue of educational reform and the role of the teacher in the reform process is discussed, using whole language as an example. It is argued that whole-language teachers must develop a theoretical framework that not only informs their views but also provides an understanding of systems and systems change. (Contains 28 references.) (Author/LB)

Published
1993

214. 'Una Communita' Poco Nota della Communicazione non Verbale: Come Communicano il Direttore e l'Orchestra (A Little Known 'Community' of Nonverbal Communication: How the Conductor and Orchestra Communicate).

Author

Leonardi, Magda Farago

Abstract

Examines how conductors and orchestras communicate. Communication is essentially nonverbal. Conductors use gestures, gaze, facial expression, nods and posture to deliver their message. Norbert Weiner's Cybernetic Theory of human communication is seen as a means of analyzing precisely how this musical communication takes place. (16 references) (LET)

Published
1992

215. How Can Intelligent CAL Better Adapt to Learners?

Author

Boyd, Gary McI and Mitchell, P. David

Abstract

Discusses intelligent computer-aided learning (ICAL) support systems and considers learner characteristics as elements of ICAL student models. Cybernetic theory and attribute-treatment results are discussed, six components of a student model for tutoring are described, and methods for determining the student's model of the tutor are examined. (22 references) (LRW)

Published
1992

216. Perceptual Factors in the Study of Television Aesthetics.

Author

Metallinos, Mike

Abstract

Knowledge of the processes involved in visual and auditory perception, as well as basic understanding of the mechanisms employed by the human brain in transforming perceptions into cognitions are prerequisites for the study of television aesthetics. Numerous scientific studies now found in such diversified fields as perceptual psychology, neurophysiology, experimental psychology, cybernetics, and communication confirm how fundamentally important perception is to the study of the structure of television images. This, in turn, is of great significance for the study of the field of television aeshetics. The paper: (1) reviews the most appropriate sources in the literature of visual and auditory perception as they relate to television aesthetics; (2) examines the predominant visual, auditory, and kinetic (motion) factors involved in structuring television images; and (3) discusses the role of perception in the development of television pictures with aesthetic merit. The paper concludes that an attempt to bridge the gap between scientific research on perception-related variables and artistic experiments in the visual communication media is long overdue and that extra efforts should be made toward that goal. (Seventy-seven references are attached.) (Author/SG)

Published
1991

217. Conceptual Models in Educational Research and Practice.

Author

Von Glaserfeld, Ernst and Steffe, Leslie P.

Abstract

Suggests that conceptual models may bridge the gap between educational researchers and teachers. Discusses "models" in terms of explanatory theories, teachers' understanding of students, and students' understanding of mathematics. Considers Piaget's concept of accommodation and scheme theory. Argues that students must operate deliberately and autonomously to understand. (DMM)

Published
1991

218. Virtual Reality: Advanced Imaging Special Effects Let You Roam in Cyberspace.

Author

Nugent, William R.

Abstract

Explains virtual reality as a computer-synthesized three-dimensional environment (cyberspace) in which human participants, appropriately interfaced, appear to be enveloped. Cyberspace in science fiction is discussed; contributions of aerospace and military simulation trainers, digital imaging, and motion picture special effects are described; and future possibilities in libraries are suggested. (55 references) (LRW)

Published
1991

219. Epistemological Grounds for Cybernetic Models.

Author

Khawam, Yves J.

Abstract

Addresses philosophical grounds for artificial intelligence (AI) and cybernetic models by investigating three epistemological views--realism, a priorism, and phenomenology--to determine the problems in information transfer between a model and the real world. It is suggested that phenomenology demonstrates the most promise for opening up operational possibilities for the model. (28 references) (LRW)

Published
1991

220. From Dysfunctional Families to Dysfunctional Schools: A Systems Paradigm.

Author

Smith, Francie

Abstract

This paper develops a systems-theory-based paradigm to argue that the characteristics of dysfunctional relationships found in families are also found in schools. To develop this thesis, the characteristics of systems theory as applied to a natural system such as the family are described. The family is defined as a primary intergenerational natural system in which the feelings, thoughts, and behavior of each member are influenced reciprocally by the feelings, thoughts, and behavior of other family members. It is suggested that the relationships and interpersonal processes forged in the family are replicated in the other relationships that family members establish later in life with spouses, peers, colleagues, authority figures, and subordinates. The emotional system, as defined by family systems theory, is presented as an information processing system which allows a person to both respond to and form relationships with itself, others, and its environment; this, in turn, influences and is influenced by the feeling system and the intellectual system. An application of family systems theory to understanding the relationship processes occurring in the school is described. A matrix using family systems theory is presented as a means of illustrating those relationships, and implications for schools are discussed. (TE)

Published
1990

221. Expanding the Range, Dividing the Task: Educating the Human Brain in an Electronic Society.

Author

Sylwester, Robert

Abstract

Reviews five properties of the brain that are central to dividing educational tasks between minds and machines and creating curricula to help students understand the complementary relationships between the brain and supportive machinery. The curriculum should focus on knowledge, skills, and values that most characterize and enhance our brain's capabilities. (MLH)

Published
1990

222. Implications of Feedback Research for Group Facilitation and the Design of Experiential Learning.

Author

Wing, Kennard T.

Abstract

Claims, despite extensive research on the role of feedback in learning, there is little theoretical understanding of the concept of feedback, because of overly broad definitions which favor certain explanations and lines of research over others. Discusses implications of feedback research for group facilitation and design of experiential learning programs. (Author/TE)

Published
1990

223. Social Promotion or Retention? Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right.

Author

Parker, Dennis R.

Abstract

With passage of several recent laws, the California State legislature intended to end social promotion, replacing it with a system of prevention, intervention, and retention. The "strategic schooling" approach depends on three elements: targets (both students and content), continuous feedback via assessments, and organizational and classroom know-how. (MLH)

Published
2001

224. STS Perspective. Conscious Technology: A Candidate World View.

Author

Glenn, Jerome C.

Abstract

Discussed is the blurring of humans and machines into a Conscious Technology civilization. Discussed are the leading indicators of this trend, the explosion of human consciousness, policy implications of this view, and this view as a criterion for policy analysis and future product development. (KR)

Published
1990

225. Cybernetics of Brief Family Therapy.

Author

Keeney, Bradford P. and Ross, Jeffrey M.

Abstract

Presents a cybernetic view of brief family therapy. Includes a historical discussion of the key ideas underlying brief family therapy, a cybernetic model of therapeutic change, and a clinical case for exemplification. (Author/JAC)

Published
1983

226. What Principals Should Know about Telematics, Their Impact on Education.

Author

Coates, Joseph F.

Abstract

Telematics (the world's rapidly expanding technological capability) will be of increasing importance to education. As seen in technologies now available, schools at all levels must learn to integrate technological development into a student's education, work, and community environment. (JW)

Published
1984

227. The Convergence Model of Communication. Papers of the East-West Communication Institute, No. 18.

Author

Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. East-West Center. and Kincaid, D. Lawrence

Abstract

Expressing the need for a description of communication that is equally applicable to all the social sciences, this report develops a general model of the communication process based upon the principle of convergence as derived from basic information theory and cybernetics. It criticizes the linear, one-way models of communication that have dominated past research for failing to represent the complexity of the communication process and identifies the hidden biases of these models, especially toward individual psychology and mechanistic explanations. After discussing the advantages of a cybernetic explanation, which uses the concepts of information, feedback, networks, and purpose, the author develops a further definition of information and meaning. Finally, a paradigm of communication as a cyclical process of convergence and divergence over time is presented. (Author/MM)

Published
1980

228. The Effects of a Remedial Tracking Program on Writing Performance of Dysgraphic Children.

Author

Sovik, Nils

Abstract

An experiment designed as a combined laboratory and classroom study was done with 12 male Norwegian third graders with dysgraphic problems. The remedial program was based on cybernetic principles and individualized. Results favored the experimental program but were only significant with regard to accuracy scores; speed writing exercises were not included. (BRR)

Published
1984

229. Experience, Reality, and Computer-Controlled Technology.

Author

Adams, Dennis M.

Abstract

Explores roles of computer technology and real world experiences in the learning process. Encourages teaching of critical viewing skills and other aspects of visual fluency. Forecasts changes in the educational system to accommodate emerging technologies and new ways of thinking and interacting with the world. (LFL)

Published
1985

230. Integrative Models in Environmental Planning and Policy Making.

Author

Kyler, David Clinton

Abstract

Discusses conceptual models of thought that have recently emerged to confront the conventional approaches to analysis and solution to complex environmental problems. In addition to a critical attack on the tradition of specialization and reductionism, several models are summarized that originated from ecology, cybernetics, and system theory. (BC)

Published
1984

231. Can Research in the Human Sciences Become More Relevant to Practice?

Author

Howard, George S.

Abstract

Reviews the scientist practitioner model in counseling and examines problems associated with it. Discusses insights of general systems theory and Rychlak's insights into deficiencies in the current model of psychological research, and presents a revised model. (JAC)

Published
1985

232. Vicious Circles in Organizations.

Author

Masuch, Michael

Abstract

After examining some elementary notions of action theory and cybernetics, this article analyzes the dynamics, clustering, and survival chances of vicious circles. It argues that the action perspective implies that many structural suboptimalities of organizations are caused by vicious circles. Eleven figures and 105 references are provided. (DCS)

Published
1985

233. Education in a Cybernetic World.

Author

Pelton, Joseph N.

Abstract

Traces the effects of advancing technologies on civilization and education, arguing that radical changes are underway, such as reliance on tele-education and distance learning, that will have a profound effect on teachers and the United States educational system. (HOD)

Published
1984

234. Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Extraction and the Study of Human Intelligence.

Author

d'Ydewalle, Gery and Delhaye, Patrick

Abstract

Describes artificial intelligence (AI) as the study of intelligence with the ideas and methods of computation. States that the goal is to make computers more intelligent and thereby uncover the principles that make intelligent behavior possible. Discusses knowledge representations, production (if-then) systems, and expert systems as forms of AI. (GEA)

Published
1988

235. Behavior Analysis in Distance Education: A Systems Approach.

Author

Coldeway, Dan O.

Abstract

Describes a model of instructional theory relevant to individualized distance education that is based on Keller's Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), behavior analysis, and the instructional systems development model (ISD). Systems theory is emphasized, and ISD and behavior analysis are discussed as cybernetic processes. (LRW)

Published
1987

236. Expert Systems and Their Applications in LIS.

Author

Vickery, Alina and Brooks, Helen

Abstract

Describes the components and capabilities of expert systems, discusses the use of such systems in library information applications, and outlines research being done in this area. A project aimed at the development of an expert system for referral services is described in detail, and implications for future research are discussed. (CLB)

Published
1987

237. The New Epistemology and the Milan Approach: Feminist and Sociopolitical Considerations.

Author

MacKinnon, Laurie Katherine and Miller, Dusty

Abstract

Explores the sociopolitical implications of the new epistemology and the Milan approach, concluding that, while second order cybernetics has greater potential to incorporate a radical social analysis, it has, nevertheless, failed to do so. The application of second order cybernetics in family therapy appears to be constrained by the sociopolitical conservatism of its proponents. (Author/KS)

Published
1987

238. Technical Terminology: Practical Guidelines for Teachers.

Author

Johnson, Charles David

Abstract

This article helps educators use and teach technical vocabulary. A communication model is presented to help visualize the terminology problem. Practical guidelines for terminology usage are discussed, including technical jargon, abbreviations, trade names, conceptual terms, and cybernetics and personification terminology. Audience considerations are also examined. (CT)

Published
1985

239. Implications of Human Pattern Processing for the Design of Artificial Knowledge Systems.

Author

Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA. and Hayes-Roth, Barbara

Abstract

This paper presents evidence that four design principles commonly embodied in artificial knowledge systems are inconsistent with human cognitive capabilities. Because these principles are widely accepted as characteristics of human knowledge processing, common theoretical properties related to cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence which are apparent in pattern processing research, are considered, including (1) canonical meaning representations of stored patterns; (2) prototypes as representations of classes of stored patterns; (3) pattern-matching processes that must fully evaluate all stored patterns that partially match a target pattern; and (4) pattern-matching processes that are influenced by pattern complexity and limited processing capacity. This characterization of human pattern processing is critically evaluated in light of recent psychological studies, and the implications of these results for artificial knowledge systems design are discussed. Forty-two references are listed. (LMM)

Published
1977

240. Cybernetics and Education (Special Issue)

Author

Kopstein, Felix F.

Abstract

This is a special issue examining the potential of cybernetics in educational technology. Articles discuss: cybernetic methods, algorithms, feedback learning theory, a structural approach to behavioral objectives and criterion-referenced testing, task specifications and diagnosis, teacher-child interaction, educational development, teaching machines, the "talking typewriter," and a model for improving instruction in the U.S. Marine Corps. (DAG)

Published
1977

242. Learning Processes in Man, Machine and Society

Author

Malita, Mircea

Abstract

Deciphering the learning mechanism which exists in man remains to be solved. This article examines the learning process with respect to association and cybernetics. It is recommended that research should focus on the transdisciplinary processes of learning which could become the next key concept in the science of man. (Author/MA)

Published
1977

244. Information: The Ultimate Frontier.

Author

Branscomb, Lewis M.

Abstract

A 100-year scenario of the future of information technology. To achieve inexpensive, high-speed, and small computers, new techniques are likely to replace silicon technology. The ultimate computer might be biological and patterned on DNA. Future computers will require information rather than store it. Light wave communication will broaden communications exchange. (BB)

Published
1979

245. Possible Difficulties in the Interpretation of Simulation Outcomes.

Author

Best, John B.

Abstract

Presents the results of a manual simulation, which consisted of a simple world model with several feedback loops, to emphasize the particular difficulty of the results of interpreting computer simulations using similar techniques. (CMV)

Published
1978

246. Information-System Structure by Communication-Technology Concepts: A Cybernetic Model Approach.

Author

Reisig, Gerhard H. R.

Abstract

Presents the "Evidence-of-Existence" information system in which the structure is developed, with application of cybernetic concepts, as an isomorphic model in analogy to the system structure of communication technology. Three criteria of structuring are postulated: (1) source-channel-sink, with input-output characteristics, (2) filter-type communication-channel, and (3) reversible code. (CWM)

Published
1978

247. A Training System in Self-Evaluation Using the Discrepancy Evaluation Model.

Author

Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Evaluation Research Center. and Allen, Carter

Abstract

The basic structure and concepts of a system for training program staff in self-evaluation are described. This training system aims to be competency-based and largely self-instructive. This paper is the first component in the training system and serves as an introduction and description of the rest of the system. (Author)

Published
1974

248. An Open-System Model of Learning.

Author

Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, DC., Stanford Univ., CA. ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources., Winn, William, Winn, William, Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, DC., and Stanford Univ., CA. ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources.

Abstract

In view of the apparent complexity and dynamism of the learner, only a systems approach to learning processes can provide a viable and practical frame of reference within which to conduct educational research. There are fundamental weaknesses in the current cybernetic model of learning, and therefore, it is useful to consider the learner as an active open system. This approach, drawing frequently upon Piagetian theory, seems to provide a more realistic picture of the autonomous learner and his changing cognitive structures. Von Bertalanffy's equations for the growth of the living organism can form a basis for an open system model of learning. The Model generates learning curves which suggest that a steady state is not always the outcome of learning. Some implications of the model for educational research are briefly examined in this paper. (Author/DC)

Published
1974

249. Adaptive Computer-Assisted Tutorials: A Cybernetic Approach Optimization with Finite-State Machines.

Author

Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, San Diego, CA. and Offir, Joseph

Abstract

This paper presents the concepts of a computer-directed system to improve human performance in structured learning situations. Attention is focused on finite-state systems in order to provide a systematic method for constructing training systems and to assist in analysis of problem solving and curriculum planning. The finite-state approach allows structural relationships among instructional units relative to individual problem solvers to be captured. At this time a fully adaptive system that improves its own performance with use requires further study and development, but it is possible for computer-directed systems that generate and select instructional actions to be used in both training and experimental situations. (CH)

Published
1976

250. Instructional Regulation and Control: Cybernetics, Algorithmization and Heuristics in Education.

Author

Landa, L. N. and Landa, L. N.

Abstract

This book on the aspects of instructional processes focuses on control of student cognitive activity during instruction. Chapter 1 introduces the cybernetic approach to the theory of instruction. It is followed by a chapter on instructional effectiveness and efficiency. The third chapter discusses cognitive processes and thinking. Chapter 4 introduces the problems of algorithmization of instruction. It is followed by three related chapters: explanation of the relation between heuristic and algorithmic processes, a discussion of programed teaching of algorithmic and heuristic processes, and a presentation of algorithmization and heuristics in foreign language teaching. Chapter 8 outlines a general cognitive procedure for problem solving, and Chapter 9 reviews some defects in the cognitive activity of students which obstruct independent problem solving. Chapter 10 reviews the theory and methodology of programed instruction, and Chapter 11 discusses the diagnostics and programed instruction. The book concludes with a twelfth chapter on current problems in instructional technology. (CH)

Published
1976

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