572 results on '"CONSTRUCTION WORK"'
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202. Dopad novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách na stavební zakázky
- Abstract
Příspěvek pojednává o praktických dopadech novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách č. 55/2012 Sb., shrnuje hlavní důvody, které iniciovaly vydání novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách č. 137/2006 Sb., a upozorňuje na reálné dopady v oblasti zadávání veřejných zakázek a míru vlivu na cenu stavebních prací., The article deals with a practical influence of the amendment of law no. 55/2012 on public orders. It summarizes the main motives for the amendment of law no. 137/2006 regarding public orders, also makes notes about effects on the execution of public orders and its influence on the price of the building sector.
- Published
- 2013
203. Dopad novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách na stavební zakázky
- Abstract
Příspěvek pojednává o praktických dopadech novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách č. 55/2012 Sb., shrnuje hlavní důvody, které iniciovaly vydání novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách č. 137/2006 Sb., a upozorňuje na reálné dopady v oblasti zadávání veřejných zakázek a míru vlivu na cenu stavebních prací., The article deals with a practical influence of the amendment of law no. 55/2012 on public orders. It summarizes the main motives for the amendment of law no. 137/2006 regarding public orders, also makes notes about effects on the execution of public orders and its influence on the price of the building sector.
- Published
- 2013
204. Dopad novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách na stavební zakázky
- Abstract
Příspěvek pojednává o praktických dopadech novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách č. 55/2012 Sb., shrnuje hlavní důvody, které iniciovaly vydání novely zákona o veřejných zakázkách č. 137/2006 Sb., a upozorňuje na reálné dopady v oblasti zadávání veřejných zakázek a míru vlivu na cenu stavebních prací., The article deals with a practical influence of the amendment of law no. 55/2012 on public orders. It summarizes the main motives for the amendment of law no. 137/2006 regarding public orders, also makes notes about effects on the execution of public orders and its influence on the price of the building sector.
- Published
- 2013
205. Rapid detection and quantification of Aspergillus fumigatus in environmental air samples using solid-phase cytometry
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Hans Nelis, Tom Coenye, and Lies M. E. Vanhee
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Microbiological Techniques ,INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS ,Air Microbiology ,Colony Count, Microbial ,HYPHAE ,macromolecular substances ,Fungus ,SICK BUILDING SYNDROME ,Aspergillosis ,Rapid detection ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Microbiology ,BIOCONTAMINANTS ,medicine ,WATER ,Environmental Chemistry ,ENUMERATION ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,BIOAEROSOLS ,Aspergillus ,biology ,CONSTRUCTION WORK ,FUNGI ,General Chemistry ,Spores, Fungal ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,Polyvinyl Alcohol ,BACTERIA ,Luminescent Measurements ,Environmental Pollutants ,Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ,Cytometry ,Aspergilloma - Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an ubiquitous fungus capable of causing severe infections such as aspergilloma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and invasive aspergillosis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Monitoring the number of Aspergillus fumigatus spores in the air is crucial for infection control. In the present study, a novel approach for the quantification of Aspergillus fumigatus, based on solid-phase cytometry (SPC) and immunofluorescent labeling, was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were confirmed by testing pure cultures. Paecilomyces variotii and Rhizopus stolonifer were codetected but could be excluded on the basis of morphology of the microcolonies. The SPC method has considerable advantages compared to the culture-based method, including its low detection limit (4 cells/m3), its speed (results are obtained within 24 h), and the straightforward microscopic identification of Aspergillus fumigatus. Additionally, comparison of results obtained with both methods demonstrated that they are equally accurate for the quantification of Aspergillus fumigatus in environmental air samples.
- Published
- 2009
206. Pleural plaques and asbestosis: dose- and time-response relationships based on HRCT data
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Paris, C., Thierry, S., Brochard, P., Letourneux, M., Schorle, E., Stoufflet, A., Ameille, J., Conso, F., Pairon, J.C., Aubert, B., Rehel, J.L., Baron, J., Reungoat, P., Benichou, J., Caillet, A., Lestang, N., Pinet, M., Catilina, P., Chamming's, S., Christ De Blasi, G., Gislard, A., Maurel, M., Porte, A., Thorel, L., Guichard, E., Millet, B., Thomas, F.X., Mouchot, L., Sobaszek, A., Université de Nancy, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), CHU Rouen, and Normandie Université (NU)
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Questionnaires ,Male ,Time Factors ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Asbestosis ,construction work ,Cumulative Exposure ,medicine.disease_cause ,physical examination ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Mass Screening ,high resolution computer tomography ,Tomography ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Pneumoconiosis ,adult ,article ,Middle Aged ,Pleural Diseases ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,dose time effect relation ,3. Good health ,X-Ray Computed ,priority journal ,Female ,Radiology ,France ,Drug ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,High-resolution computed tomography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lung function test ,Population ,prevalence ,Occupational disease ,Asbestos ,Dose-Response Relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,pleura thickening ,Occupational Exposure ,medicine ,Humans ,human ,education ,Mass screening ,Aged ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,screening ,pleura plaque ,medicine.disease ,major clinical study ,respiratory tract diseases ,030228 respiratory system ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
Most studies on asbestos-related diseases are based on chest radiographs, and dose-response relationships are still controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the most relevant parameters of asbestos exposure linked to pleural plaques and asbestosis diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). A large screening programme including systematic HRCT examinations was organised from 2003 to 2005 in France for formerly asbestos-exposed workers. The time since first exposure (TSFE), level, duration and cumulative exposure to asbestos were used in adjusted unconditional logistic regression to model the relationships of the two diseases. Analysis of a population of 5,545 subjects demonstrated that TSFE (p
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Modelo de plan de prevención de riesgos laborales para empresas de construcción
- Author
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Camacho Vega, Juan Carlos and Lucas Ruiz, Valeriano
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Construction work ,Integration ,Gestión de la prevención ,Prevention management ,Procedures ,Plan de prevención ,Prevention Service ,Obras de construcción ,Procedimientos ,Planning ,Servicio de Prevención ,Subcontratas ,Construction firms ,Constructoras ,Prevention plan (of occupational risk) ,Subconstracts ,Safety ,Integración ,Planificación ,Seguridad - Abstract
La legislación española obliga que todas las empresas redacten un plan de prevención de riesgos laborales, con la finalidad que sea la herramienta básica con laque se consigue la integración de la prevención. Actualmente, los planes de prevención que disponen las empresas del sector de la construcción, no reúnen las condiciones necesarias para cumplir el requisito de integrar la prevención en la empresa tal y como se obliga en la normativa actual, siendo documentos genéricos e incompletos. Con la creación de un modelo de plan de prevención se pretende establecer los contenidos mínimos que deben disponer las empresas de construcción independiente del tamaño de la misma. Spanish legislation requires that all firms draw up a plan of prevention of occupational risks, as a basic tool with which to manage the integration of prevention. Currently, prevention plans available to the construction industry, being generic and incomplete documents, do not meet the requirement to integrate prevention into the company as required by current regulations. The creation of a model preventionplan will establish the minimum contents that should be available to all construction companies independent of their size. Universidad de Sevilla. Máster Universitario en Seguridad Integral en la Edificación
- Published
- 2009
208. Omvänd skattskyldighet inom byggsektorn : Gränsdragning avseende förvärvarens status
- Author
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Ekström, Åsa and Mellberg, Martina
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Affärsrätt ,mervärdesskatt ,Commercial and company law ,construction work ,omvänd skattskyldighet ,byggsektorn ,Value Added Tax ,reverse charge ,construction sector ,construction service ,gränsdragningsproblem ,byggtjänst ,establishing boundaries ,more than temporarily ,inte endast tillfälligt - Abstract
Omvänd skattskyldighet för byggsektorn tillämpas i Sverige sedan den 1:e juli 2007. Tilllämpningen omfattar endast tillhandahållande av tjänster som ur ett allmänt perspektiv bedöms vara byggtjänster. Varuleveranser är uteslutna från tillämpningen. Omvänd skattskyldighet innebär att, istället för att tillhandahållaren av en byggtjänst fakturerar förvärvaren med moms för att sedan redovisa denna till staten, är det numera förvärvaren av byggtjänster som är skattskyldig för moms. Syftet med omvänd skattskyldighet för byggsektorn är att omöjliggöra momsfusk i entreprenadkedjor där oärliga företag, som bland annat ägnar sig åt att ställa ut falska fakturor som underlag för avdragsrätt för ingående moms, är inblandade. Påföljden vid undlåtenhet att tillämpa omvänd skattskyldighet är skattetillägg. Utformningen av lagens rekvisit är synnerligen vag. För att omvänd skattskyldighet ska aktualiseras, ska förvärvaren av en byggtjänst vara en sådan förvärvare som själv i sin verksamhet inte endast tillfälligt tillhandahåller byggtjänster eller vara en förvärvare som tillhandahåller förstnämnda förvärvare sådana tjänster. Denna formulering har, i kombination med avsaknaden av praxis på området, resulterat i en avsevärd svårighet att i gränsfallen avgöra om omvänd skattskyldighet ska tillämpas eller inte. Gränsdragningar som är aktuella är bland annat mellan leverans av vara och tillhandahållande av tjänst, mellan byggtjänster och andra tjänster samt mellan att endast tillfälligt tillhandahålla byggtjänster och att mer än tillfälligt göra detta. Därtill kommer bedömningen av hur länge en förvärvare ska anses omfattas av reglerna om denne helt bytt verksamhetsinriktning och inte längre är i byggbranschen. Fråga uppstår också om huruvida det, förvärvare och tillhandahållare emellan, föreligger en upplysnings- respektive undersökningsplikt rörande förvärvarens status. Skatteverket har stor betydelse för utformningen av riktlinjer och för lagens tillämpning, en uppgift som lämpligtvis borde anförtros åt domstolsväsendet. Uppsatsen behandlar gränsdragningsproblem som uppstår till följd av rekvisitens utformning. Dessa leder i sin tur till exempelvis ökad administration och felaktigt debiterad moms. Ur rättsäkerhetsaspekt kan påpekas att den enskilde i gränsfallen har mycket liten möjlighet att förutse beskattningskonsekvensen av en transaktion och tenderar därför att tillämpa omvänd skattskyldighet för säkerhets skull, snarare än för att bedömning gjorts att transaktionen faller inom ramen för tillämpningen av omvänd skattskyldighet. Den rättsosäkerhet som gränsdragningsproblemen för med sig, framstår därför som den mest anmärkningsvärda konsekvensen av rekvisitens utformning. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda rättsläget, analysera gränsdragningsproblematiken och att lämna förslag på riktlinjer för vad som kan tänkas vara mer än tillfälliga tillhandahållanden av byggtjänster, för att lättare kunna avgöra om omvänd skattskyldighet ska tillämpas eller inte. Möjliga bedömningsgrunder för att fastställa vad som menas med att inte endast tillfälligt tillhandahålla byggtjänster, anser vi vara regelbundenhet, tjänstens omfattning och tjänstens värde i förhållande till övrig omsättning. Bedömningsgrunderna har sin förankring i Tysklands utformning av reglerna om omvänd skattskyldighet för byggsektorn och i ett av de få uttryck Skatteverket har lämnat för vad som skulle kunna tänkas tjäna som vägledning för vad som ska betraktas som inte endast tillfälligt. Reverse charge is, since 1 July 2007, applicable in the construction sector. The application comprises the supply of construction services and thus, all delivery of goods is excluded. Only services which, from a general point of view, appear to be construction services fall within the scope of application of reverse charge. Reverse charge mean that the taxable person to whom the supply of services is made is the person liable for Value Added Tax (VAT) instead of the supplier. The purpose of reverse charge is to preclude tax evasion in contractor chains where dishonest contractors supply others with false invoices to serve as a basis for deduction of input VAT. The penalty for not applying reverse charge when obligated is tax fine. The wording of the requisite of the law is remarkably vague. In order for reverse charge to be applicable, the taxable person to whom the construction services are supplied must himself, more than temporarily, supply such services or be a taxable person who supplies such services to such taxable person. The unclear wording, in combination with the lack of case law on the subject, has led to considerable difficulty to determine whether to apply reverse charge or not in borderline cases. Establishing boundaries is necessary when determining whether a transaction constitutes sale of goods or supply of services, construction services or other services as well as when determining what constitutes temporarily respectively more than temporarily supplies of construction services. If a taxable person who supplies construction services changes his business and thus ceases to supply such services, an additional assessment on how long after the change of business the taxable person should be considered to supply construction services must be made. The uncertain conditions also raise the question whether there is a mutual obligation between parties to inform each other of their status when supplying and purchasing constructing services. Swedish Tax Authorities have become the leading maker of guidelines for the application of reverse charge in the construction sector. This is a task best left to the courts. This paper considers problems which emerge because of the wording of the requisites. In turn, these problems lead to an increased level of administration as well as to wrongly collected VAT. It should be noticed, that from the aspect of legal certainty, the individual has very little ability to foresee the taxation consequences of a transaction. Therefore the individual may tend to apply reverse charge to be on the safe side, rather than because it has been established that the transaction fall within the scope of application of reverse charge. This legal uncertainty is the most notable consequence of the wording of the requisites. The aim of this paper is to examine the actual meaning of the law, analyse the problems resulting from the insufficient wording of the requisites, as well as presenting possible guidelines on what should be considered as more than temporarily supplies of construction services. The guidelines aim to facilitate the conclusion on whether or not reverse charge is applicable. Possible grounds of assessment for determining when a taxable person should be considered to more than temporarily supply construction services are regularity, the extent of the construction service, as well as the value of the construction service in comparison to the overall turnover. The grounds of assessment are influenced by the application of reverse charge in German law and by one of the few guiding principles presented by the Swedish Tax Authorities concerning the meaning of the expression more than temporarily.
- Published
- 2008
209. Influence of building construction work on Aspergillus infection in a hospital setting.
- Author
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Cooper E.E., Dharmage S.C., Guest D.I., O'Reilly M.A., Cooper E.E., Dharmage S.C., Guest D.I., and O'Reilly M.A.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Aspergillus fumigatus is a major pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Hospital outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis have been associated with the renovation and construction of buildings. Building construction work for fire safety upgrading was undertaken during a 16-week period in 2001 at Box Hill Hospital. This study was designed to examine the effect of construction on invasive aspergillosis when using standard and additional protective measures. METHOD(S): Baseline air sampling was conducted in 18 areas. The validity of the air sampling was assessed by comparing the ability of two air samplers to detect Aspergillus conidia. Surveillance of nosocomial Aspergillus infection was conducted by reviewing the records of patients with a sputum culture positive for Aspergillus and those prescribed amphotericin or itraconazole for the period of construction activity and the same period the previous year. RESULT(S): Aspergillus was isolated infrequently and there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of viable pathogenic fungi between areas where construction work was undertaken and areas where it was not undertaken. A moderate agreement was observed between the two air samplers (kappa = 0.4; P < .05). There was no difference in the incidence of invasive aspergillosis between 2000 and 2001 (incidence density ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 4.1). CONCLUSION(S): The influence of construction work performed with protective measures needs to be examined in an environment with higher levels of airborne fungi to confirm the findings of this study.
- Published
- 2012
210. Determinants of activity-friendly neighborhoods for children: Results from the SPACE study
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Male ,cycling ,Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing ,age distribution ,observation ,Setting: local community ,construction work ,physical activity ,Child Behavior ,preschool child ,Medical Records ,Body Mass Index ,human experiment ,Residence Characteristics ,Activities of Daily Living ,gender ,Workplace ,Outcome measure: behavioral ,Child ,Children ,Netherlands ,traffic ,anthropometry ,Geography ,article ,longitudinal study ,univariate analysis ,female ,risk factor ,Leefomgeving en gezondheid ,Study design: nonexperimental ,community living ,maternal care ,Prevention Research ,Health Promotion ,Motor Activity ,walking ,Humans ,human ,normal human ,Life Style ,Manuscript format: research ,housing ,child care ,disease association ,daily life activity ,school child ,body mass ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,linear regression analysis ,Environment Design - Abstract
Purpose. To examine the association between children's physical activity and factors of the built environment. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Ten neighborhoods in six cities in the Netherlands. Subjects. Four hundred twenty-two children (age range, 6-11 years; 49% male). Measures. Physical activity diary, neighborhood observations, and anthropometric measures. Analysis. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results. According to univariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and highest level of maternal education, physical activity (≥ 3 metabolic equivalents) was significantly (p < .05) associated with the proportion of green space, with the residential density, with the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood, and with the frequency of certain types of residences (e.g., terraced houses), sports fields, water, dog waste, heavy traffic, and safe walking and cycling conditions (e.g., cycle tracks and 30-km speed zones) in the neighborhood. According to adjusted multivariate analyses, physical activity was best predicted by the frequency of parallel parking spaces in the neighborhood and by the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood (R2 = 0.193). Conclusions. Children's physical activity is associated with certain modifiable factors of the built environment. Longitudinal studies should examine whether there is a causal relationship. Copyright © 2007 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.
- Published
- 2007
211. Determinants of activity-friendly neighborhoods for children: Results from the SPACE study
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I. Bakker, Willem van Mechelen, Marijke Hopman-Rock, Sanne I. de Vries, TNO Kwaliteit van Leven, Public and occupational health, and Human genetics
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Male ,Longitudinal study ,cycling ,Health (social science) ,Multivariate analysis ,Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing ,age distribution ,observation ,Setting: local community ,behavioral [Outcome measure] ,nonexperimental [Study design] ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,construction work ,Poison control ,physical activity ,Child Behavior ,02 engineering and technology ,Level design ,preschool child ,Metabolic equivalent ,Medical Records ,Body Mass Index ,human experiment ,Residence Characteristics ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,Activities of Daily Living ,gender ,modeling/relationship testing [Research purpose] ,Workplace ,Outcome measure: behavioral ,Child ,Netherlands ,traffic ,anthropometry ,Geography ,Physical Activity, Environment Design, Children, Prevention Research ,05 social sciences ,article ,longitudinal study ,021107 urban & regional planning ,univariate analysis ,female ,risk factor ,Leefomgeving en gezondheid ,Study design: nonexperimental ,community living ,maternal care ,Psychology ,050703 geography ,0507 social and economic geography ,Health Promotion ,Motor Activity ,walking ,Environmental health ,research [Manuscript format] ,Humans ,human ,normal human ,Life Style ,Manuscript format: research ,housing ,child care ,disease association ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Univariate ,Anthropometry ,daily life activity ,school child ,body mass ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,local community [Setting] ,linear regression analysis ,Environment Design - Abstract
Purpose. To examine the association between children's physical activity and factors of the built environment. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Ten neighborhoods in six cities in the Netherlands. Subjects. Four hundred twenty-two children (age range, 6–11 years; 49% male). Measures. Physical activity diary, neighborhood observations, and anthropometric measures. Analysis. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results. According to univariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and highest level of maternal education, physical activity (≥ 3 metabolic equivalents) was significantly (p < .05) associated with the proportion of green space, with the residential density, with the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood, and with the frequency of certain types of residences (e.g., terraced houses), sports fields, water, dog waste, heavy traffic, and safe walking and cycling conditions (e.g., cycle tracks and 30-km speed zones) in the neighborhood. According to adjusted multivariate analyses, physical activity was best predicted by the frequency of parallel parking spaces in the neighborhood and by the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood (R2 = 0.193). Conclusions. Children's physical activity is associated with certain modifiable factors of the built environment. Longitudinal studies should examine whether there is a causal relationship.
- Published
- 2007
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212. Refurbishment works in a hospital during normal operation
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Ross, B, Hansen, D, Lieske, T, Krude, J, Saner, F, Marggraf, G, Paul, A, Jakob, HG, Popp, W, Ross, B, Hansen, D, Lieske, T, Krude, J, Saner, F, Marggraf, G, Paul, A, Jakob, HG, and Popp, W
- Abstract
Background: Construction and renovation work in hospitals pose risks of fungal airborne infections for immunosuppressed patients. If possible, reconstruction work will be postponed to periods without patient treatment. However, in many situations urgent damage demands immediate refurbishment works before the transferring of patients to other wards or closure of wards is possible. Reported here are infection control related measures and implemented procedures after two incidents of water damage which occurred on a surgical ward and an intensive care unit at the University hospital of Essen.Methods: Between January and April 2009 and between September and October 2009, respectively, concentration of air-borne particles and number of viable fungi were measured at two surgical wards and one ICU. Preventive Infection Control Measures included erection of protective walls and HEPA filtration of air from the renovation area.Results: During the renovation work on the surgical ward concentrations of moulds and particles >=5 µm were significantly higher on the left side of the renovation area than on the right side (p=0.036 and p<0.001). Concentrations of particles >=1 µm and particles >=5 µm on both sides of the renovation area were significantly increased when compared with the control ward on the same floor but not when compared with the control ward on the other floor. Particles of all size were significantly elevated on the ICU during the renovation work. Aspergillus fumigatus could neither be cultured of the air of cardiac surgery intensive care unit nor of the intermediate care unit (control ward). During renovation works there was no nosocomial mould infection of patients treated on the two wards.Conclusion: Provided that the renovation area is tightly insulated from the areas of patient care on a ward, closure does not seem to be necessary during renovation works because variation of airborne fungi is similar to that of outdoor or control air. However a multidiscipli, Hintergrund: Bau- und Renovierungsarbeiten in Krankenhäusern können Infektionsrisiken insbesondere durch Pilze für immunsupprimierte Patienten mit sich bringen. Wenn möglich, werden Umbauarbeiten in Zeiten gelegt, in denen keine Patienten behandelt werden. Häufig jedoch erfordern Schäden dringendes Handeln, ohne dass Patienten verlegt oder Stationen stillgelegt werden können. Nachfolgend wird über Schutzmaßnahmen und begleitende Messungen bei zwei Wasserschäden auf einer chirurgischen und einer Intensiv-Station des Universitätsklinikums Essen berichtet.Methoden: Zwischen Januar und April 2009 sowie zwischen September und Oktober 2009 wurden jeweils die Luft-Konzentrationen von Partikeln und lebensfähigen Pilzen auf einer chirurgischen Station sowie auf einer Intensivstation gemessen. Die angewandten Schutzmaßnahmen umfassten Abschottungen und die HEPA-Filterung der im Renovierungsbereich abgeführten Luft.Ergebnisse: Während der Sanierungsarbeiten auf der chirurgischen Station waren die Luftkonzentrationen der Schimmelpilze und Partikel >=5 µm signifikant höher auf der linken Seite als auf der rechten Seite der Renovierungsfläche (p=0,036 und p<0,001) . Die Konzentrationen der Partikel >=1 µm und >=5 µm auf beiden Seiten des Renovierungsbereichs waren signifikant höher als jene auf der Vergleichsstation auf der gleichen Etage, aber nicht im Vergleich zu einer Vergleichsstation auf einer anderen Etage. Partikel aller Größenklassen waren während der Renovierung auf der Intensivstation signifikant erhöht. Aspergillus fumigatus konnte weder aus der Luft der Herz-Thorax-Intensivstation noch aus jener der Intermediate-Care-Station kultiviert werden. Während der Renovierungsarbeiten traten keine nosokomialen Infektionen durch Pilze auf beiden Stationen auf.Schlussfolgerung: Vorausgesetzt, dass der eigentliche Renovierungsbereich gut von den anderen Bereichen der Patientenversorgung auf einer Station abgetrennt ist, scheint ein Schließen der Station nicht unbedingt notwendig
- Published
- 2011
213. Zklidňování dopravy v centru Hradce Králové
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Ledvinová, Michaela, Machala, Martin, Ledvinová, Michaela, and Machala, Martin
- Abstract
Diplomová práce řeší problematiku zklidňování dopravy ve městě Hradec Králové. Nejprve jsou objasněny významné prvky, které ovlivňují silniční dopravu v Hradci Králové. Další část práce řeší možnosti zavedení takových úprav komunikací do centra města, které budou podporovat nemotorové způsoby dopravy (chodce a cyklisty) a městskou hromadnou dopravu. Naopak úkolem je omezovat individuální automobilové dopravě vjezd do oblastí, kde jejich přítomnost není nezbytná a zároveň zvýšit bezpečnost chodců a cyklistů v místech, kde se jejich trasy s motorovou dopravou kříží nebo stýkají., This thesis solves problems of traffic calming in Hradec Králové downtown. First the main tasks of road traffic in Hradec Králové are introduced. Then the proposal of the possibilities in the road construction work in the downtown, which leads to the support of the human-power transport (pedestrians and bicycle riders) and urban mass transportation, is presented. The proposal looks at two goals, which are related to each other. The restriction in the entrance for individual motor-vehicle traffic in the areas, where their presence is not necessary, is the first of them. The increasing of pedestrian safety and safety of bicycle riders in areas, where their paths cross or are in the same level with the motor traffic, is the second of them., Katedra technologie a řízení dopravy, Student obhájil diplomovou práci a zodpověděl otázky členů zkušební komise., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou
- Published
- 2010
214. Hur kan naturvärden och rekreativa intressen tas tillvara vid byggnationsprojekt? : Fallstudie Tyresö strand
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Östhem, Johanna
- Subjects
Sweden ,construction work ,Natur- och landskapsvård ,coast ,conservation ecology & recreation ,Landskapsarkitetktur ,Nature conservation and landscape management ,Landscape Architecture - Abstract
Under det senaste årtiondet har 97 % av den totala folkökningen tillkommit inom fem kilometer från kusten, främst kring storstadsregionerna. Tyresö kommun är en av Stockholms förorter. Kommunen har under åren köpt loss tomter i ett kustnära område vid Tyresö strand. Ekologigruppen ab har på uppdrag av kommunen gjort bedömningar av områdets naturvärden såväl som rekreativa värden. Bedömningarna är tänkta att kunna vila som beslutsunderlag för planering såväl som byggnationer i området. Utgångspunkter för uppsatsen är teorier, principer/begrepp och riktlinjer från främst bevarandeekologi, men även fysisk planering. Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa konsekvenser som bebyggelse kan medföra på naturmiljön samt att utefter den förvärvade kännedomen ge rekommendationer för framtida byggnationer. Rekommendationerna fokuseras på områden som uppmärksammats som särskilt värdefulla/känsliga. De skyddsvärda naturmiljöer som identifierats är främst eklundarna och andra ädellövträd samt de grunda mjukbottnarna. Dessa miljöer kan skyddas och stärkas genom en god planering som bidrar till områdena begränsas intrång samt att man strävar efter att bevara en sammanhängande grönstruktur. De grunda bottnarna kan delvis skyddas genom en omlokalisering av planområdets befintliga båtklubb. Även de rekreativa värdena skulle stärkas genom båtklubbens flytt genom att vattenkontakten för allmänheten förbättras. Vattenkontakten och promenadmöjligheterna skulle även kunna stärkas av gångbryggor längs strandlinjen. Over the past decade in Sweden, 97 % of total population growth has occurred within five kilometres of the coast, primarily round the urbanized regions. The municipality of Tyresö is a suburb of Stockholm and has, purchased land in a coastal region in Tyresö strand. Ekologigruppen ab was commissioned by the municipality to carry out an evaluation of the environmental and recreational values of the area. The evaluations are intended to form a basis for future planning and construction work. This essay is based on theories, principles/concepts/guidelines from the field of conservation-ecology and physical planning. The aim of the essay is to shed light on the consequenses that construction and development can entail for the environment and to make recommendations for future development on the basis on knowledge acquried. The recommendations will mainly focus on those areas which have been designated as being particularly valuable/sensitive. Such areas are primarily the oak-groves and other valuable deciduous trees as well as shallow water with soft bottom sea-beds. These environments can be protected and strengthened by appropriate planning which can help limit encroachment as well as promote efforts to preserve a coherent green-structure.The shallow sea-beds may be partly protected by relocating the areas boat club. Relocating the boat club would also enhance recreational values since it would provide the public with improved access to the water. Bridges along the shoreline would further enhance water-access and provide greater opportunities for walking.
- Published
- 2006
215. Uvjeti za davanje suglasnosti za poslove građenja
- Author
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Nada Marđetko-Škoro and Lino Fučić
- Subjects
djelatnost građenja ,poslovi građenja ,izvođač ,suglasnost ,uvjeti ,mjerila ,construction activity ,construction work ,contractor ,approval ,conditions ,criteria - Abstract
U članku se daje osvrt na Pravilnik o uvjetima i mjerilima za davanje suglasnosti za započinjanje obavljanja poslova građenje. Opisani su uvjeti koje trebaju ispunjavati odgovorne osobe na gradilištu i uvjeti za izvođače građevinskih radova – poslovne subjekte. Suglasnost, koju daje Ministarstvo za obavljanje djelatnosti građenja, mogu dobiti izvođači koji ispunjavaju opisane uvjete. Navedeni su posebni slučajevi davanja suglasnosti kao i mogućnosti građenja bez suglasnosti., An overview of the Bylaw on the conditions and criteria for granting approval for commencement of construction work is presented in the paper. Requirements to be met by key site personnel and contractors (legal persons) are described. This approval, granted by the Ministry for the purpose of undertaking a construction work, may be given to contractors that fulfil the mentioned requirements. Special cases for granting this approval are specified, as well as cases when construction can be undertaken without approval.
- Published
- 2006
216. Modelo de plan de prevención de riesgos laborales para empresas de construcción
- Author
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Lucas Ruiz, Valeriano, Camacho Vega, Juan Carlos, Lucas Ruiz, Valeriano, and Camacho Vega, Juan Carlos
- Abstract
La legislación española obliga que todas las empresas redacten un plan de prevención de riesgos laborales, con la finalidad que sea la herramienta básica con laque se consigue la integración de la prevención. Actualmente, los planes de prevención que disponen las empresas del sector de la construcción, no reúnen las condiciones necesarias para cumplir el requisito de integrar la prevención en la empresa tal y como se obliga en la normativa actual, siendo documentos genéricos e incompletos. Con la creación de un modelo de plan de prevención se pretende establecer los contenidos mínimos que deben disponer las empresas de construcción independiente del tamaño de la misma., Spanish legislation requires that all firms draw up a plan of prevention of occupational risks, as a basic tool with which to manage the integration of prevention. Currently, prevention plans available to the construction industry, being generic and incomplete documents, do not meet the requirement to integrate prevention into the company as required by current regulations. The creation of a model preventionplan will establish the minimum contents that should be available to all construction companies independent of their size.
- Published
- 2009
217. Ergonomics in building and construction: Time for implementation
- Subjects
Conference paper ,Construction work ,Occupational hazard ,Occupational health ,Gene construct ,Ergonomics ,Musculoskeletal injury ,Workplace - Published
- 2005
218. Gledišta o kvaliteti pri upravljanju građevinskim projektom
- Author
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Snežana Rutešić, Živojin Praščević, and Petar Đuranović
- Subjects
kvaliteta ,građevinski projekt ,građevina ,upravljanje projektom ,norme niza ISO 9000 i ISO 10006 ,construction project ,construction work ,project management ,ISO 9000 and ISO 10006 quality standard series - Abstract
Daju se osnovne napomene o kvaliteti i sustavima upravljanja kvalitetom. Ukratko su prikazani povijest, koncept i zahtjevi norma niza ISO 9000:2000. Analizirani su zahtjevi investitora s obzirom na kvalitetu građevine i proces njezine izgradnje te zahtjevi usmjereni na upravljanje projektima. Ispunjavanje tih zahtjeva osnovna je pretpostavka kvalitete projekta. Opisana je norma ISO 10006:2003 koja preporučuje uspješno obavljanje procesa usmjerenih prema upravljanju projektom., Basic notions about the quality and quality management systems are provided. The history, concept and requirements contained in ISO 9000:2000 standard series, are briefly presented. Requirements placed by Clients with respect to the quality of construction work and the quality of construction process, as well as project management requirements, are analyzed. The fulfilment of such requirements is the basic precondition for good quality projects. The ISO 10006:2003 standard, providing recommendations for the successful conduct of project management processes, is described.
- Published
- 2005
219. Quay Structure on River Sava in Croatia
- Author
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Sorić, Zorislav, Kišiček, Tomislav, Galić, Josip, and Nachtnebel, H. P.
- Subjects
concrete quay ,construction work ,reinforced concrete ,prefabricated elements - Abstract
The 120 meter reinforced concrete quay on river Sava at Slavonski Brod, Croatia, has been finished, after eighteen months of construction work. Foundations of the structure, consisted of reinforced concrete geotechnical diaphragms and piles. The quay structure was simple and robust. It has been constructed of in- situ made base girders, longitudinal and transverse walls, and of columns. Reinforced concrete elements at upper level such as girders and plates were prefabricated, while upper slab was cast in place. Back-wall has anchorage tendons at the top for decreasing of top horizontal movement of structure. The anchorage tendons, two of them at every 5, 0 m, were anchored to the another longitudinal wall that was placed in intact soil, 15, 0 m away from the back wall. The space behind back-wall was filled with soil and compacted in layers.
- Published
- 2005
220. Risk assessment of silicosis and lung cancer among construction workers exposed to respirable quartz
- Subjects
Adult ,Lung Neoplasms ,Thoracic ,Silicosis ,data analysis ,Food and Chemical Risk Analysis ,construction work ,cancer risk ,Risk Assessment ,respiratory tract disease ,image analysis ,Occupational Exposure ,cancer ,follow up ,Humans ,controlled study ,high resolution computer tomography ,thorax radiography ,Netherlands ,calculation ,silicon dioxide ,Inhalation Exposure ,health risk ,Silica ,Quartz ,Middle Aged ,Construction industry ,Radiography ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Health ,Facility Design and Construction ,Lung cancer ,Quartz exposure - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of the silicosis and cancer risk among construction workers. Methods: In 1998, 1335 of 4173 invited construction workers with expected high cumulative exposure to quartz were studied for early signs of silicosis. In 2002 the study was repeated for 96 persons. Exposure measurements were performed among 34 construction workers. Silicosis risk was assessed by converting study results to the whole group of construction workers and by risk analysis based on exposure data combined with documented exposure response relations. Excess risk for cancer was also calculated from available exposure measures. Results: The initial study among construction workers revealed a prevalence of 0.8% of workers with rounded opacities on chest X-rays. The follow-up showed a much higher percentage (12%) of persons with rounded opacities on X-rays. The results were confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography. It was estimated that roughly 9% of the population initially studied (N=1335) would have been observed with rounded opacities at follow-up. On the basis of the exposure data, a lifetime risk of silicosis above 5% is expected for workers exposed to levels above the occupational exposure limits. An excess lifetime risk for lung cancer is expected when workers are exposed to quartz levels above the occupational exposure limit. Due to the scarcity of exposure data, an estimation of the size of the group at risk is not yet possible. Conclusions: All available data indicate that construction workers exposed to quartz levels above occupational exposure limits are clearly at elevated risk of silicosis and other respiratory diseases. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Published
- 2005
221. A new bricklayers' method for use in the construction industry
- Subjects
Shoulder ,Hernia ,Veilig en Gezond Werken ,Intervention ,Rugklachten ,Major clinical study ,Workload ,Job Satisfaction ,Sickness absence ,Upper Extremity ,Ergonomie ,Physical load ,Musculoskeletal disease ,Absenteeism ,Raised bricklaying ,Device ,Humans ,Industry ,Biomechanics ,Ziekteverzuim ,Civil engineering ,Symptomatology ,Musculoskeletal Diseases ,Weight lifting ,Workplace ,Sociaal verzuim ,Occupational Health ,Priority journal ,Back ,Construction work ,Metselwerk ,Back pain ,Trunk ,Occupational Diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,Fysieke arbeidsbelasting ,Arm ,incidence ,Ergonomics ,Bilding industry ,Sick Leave ,Controlled study - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raised bricklaying on physical workload, reported musculoskeletal disorders, sickness absence, and job satisfaction. Methods: A controlled intervention study with a follow-up period of 10 months was performed among 202 bricklayers from 25 construction companies. Results: The introduction of devices for raised bricklaying decreased the physical load on the lower back and, to a less extent, on the shoulders and upper extremities. Although raised bricklaying had no effect on the number of lifts, decreases in trunk bending lowered the biomechanical moment. The results showed no decrease in reported musculoskeletal symptoms as a result of the adoption of raised bricklaying. Irrespective of the reason(s), the percentage of bricklayers in the intervention group reporting sickness absence was significantly lower than the same percentage in the control group. The results also showed that, in general, the bricklayers in this study were very satisfied with the use of devices for raised bricklaying. Conclusions: Controlled intervention studies on ergonomic improvements are rare. This study shows that the introduction of an ergonomic improvement in the construction industry may reduce physical load and the incidence of sickness absence. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Published
- 2005
222. A new bricklayers' method for use in the construction industry
- Author
-
P.A.J. Luijsterburg, E.M.M. de Vroome, Paulien M Bongers, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Hernia ,Veilig en Gezond Werken ,Occupational safety and health ,Ergonomie ,Physical load ,Musculoskeletal disease ,Absenteeism ,Medicine ,Biomechanics ,Symptomatology ,Musculoskeletal Diseases ,Weight lifting ,Workplace ,Priority journal ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Workload ,Occupational Diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,Sick leave ,Arm ,Job satisfaction ,Bilding industry ,Sick Leave ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Shoulder ,Shoulders ,Intervention ,Rugklachten ,Major clinical study ,Job Satisfaction ,Sickness absence ,Occupational medicine ,Upper Extremity ,Raised bricklaying ,Device ,Humans ,Industry ,Ziekteverzuim ,Civil engineering ,Sociaal verzuim ,Occupational Health ,Back ,Construction work ,business.industry ,Metselwerk ,Back pain ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Trunk ,Fysieke arbeidsbelasting ,Physical therapy ,incidence ,Ergonomics ,business ,Controlled study - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raised bricklaying on physical workload, reported musculoskeletal disorders, sickness absence, and job satisfaction. Methods: A controlled intervention study with a follow-up period of 10 months was performed among 202 bricklayers from 25 construction companies. Results: The introduction of devices for raised bricklaying decreased the physical load on the lower back and, to a less extent, on the shoulders and upper extremities. Although raised bricklaying had no effect on the number of lifts, decreases in trunk bending lowered the biomechanical moment. The results showed no decrease in reported musculoskeletal symptoms as a result of the adoption of raised bricklaying. Irrespective of the reason(s), the percentage of bricklayers in the intervention group reporting sickness absence was significantly lower than the same percentage in the control group. The results also showed that, in general, the bricklayers in this study were very satisfied with the use of devices for raised bricklaying. Conclusions: Controlled intervention studies on ergonomic improvements are rare. This study shows that the introduction of an ergonomic improvement in the construction industry may reduce physical load and the incidence of sickness absence. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Published
- 2005
223. Risk assessment of silicosis and lung cancer among construction workers exposed to respirable quartz
- Author
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Tjoe Nij E, Dick Heederik, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Adult ,Lung Neoplasms ,Silicosis ,data analysis ,Food and Chemical Risk Analysis ,construction work ,cancer risk ,Risk Assessment ,respiratory tract disease ,image analysis ,Occupational Exposure ,cancer ,follow up ,Humans ,controlled study ,high resolution computer tomography ,thorax radiography ,Netherlands ,calculation ,silicon dioxide ,Inhalation Exposure ,health risk ,Silica ,Quartz ,Middle Aged ,Construction industry ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Health ,Facility Design and Construction ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Lung cancer ,Quartz exposure - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of the silicosis and cancer risk among construction workers. Methods: In 1998, 1335 of 4173 invited construction workers with expected high cumulative exposure to quartz were studied for early signs of silicosis. In 2002 the study was repeated for 96 persons. Exposure measurements were performed among 34 construction workers. Silicosis risk was assessed by converting study results to the whole group of construction workers and by risk analysis based on exposure data combined with documented exposure response relations. Excess risk for cancer was also calculated from available exposure measures. Results: The initial study among construction workers revealed a prevalence of 0.8% of workers with rounded opacities on chest X-rays. The follow-up showed a much higher percentage (12%) of persons with rounded opacities on X-rays. The results were confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography. It was estimated that roughly 9% of the population initially studied (N=1335) would have been observed with rounded opacities at follow-up. On the basis of the exposure data, a lifetime risk of silicosis above 5% is expected for workers exposed to levels above the occupational exposure limits. An excess lifetime risk for lung cancer is expected when workers are exposed to quartz levels above the occupational exposure limit. Due to the scarcity of exposure data, an estimation of the size of the group at risk is not yet possible. Conclusions: All available data indicate that construction workers exposed to quartz levels above occupational exposure limits are clearly at elevated risk of silicosis and other respiratory diseases. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Published
- 2005
224. Ergonomics in building and construction: Time for implementation
- Author
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Henk F. van der Molen, Roger Haslam, Alistair G.F. Gibb, E.A.P. Koningsveld, Amsterdam Public Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Engineering ,Conference paper ,Construction work ,Occupational hazard ,Occupational health ,business.industry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Musculoskeletal injury ,medicine.disease ,Occupational safety and health ,Construction engineering ,Gene construct ,medicine ,Engineering ethics ,Ergonomics ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,Workplace ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2005
225. Reasons for adopting technological innovations reducing physical workload in bricklaying
- Author
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Peter Vink, J.C.A. de Kroon, and A. de Jong
- Subjects
Technology ,Engineering ,Knowledge management ,Lifting ,Compact disks ,Work environment ,Arbeidsproductiviteit ,Employer ,Cost benefit analysis ,Health care ,Personnel ,Cost–benefit analysis ,Equipment Safety ,Medical literature ,Mass medium ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Workload ,Bricklaying ,Equipment Design ,Occupational Diseases ,Job satisfaction ,Work (electrical) ,Human experiment ,Industrial worker ,The Internet ,Posture ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Humans ,Productivity ,Occupational Health ,Internet ,Construction work ,Physical activity ,business.industry ,Construction Materials ,Costs ,Videotape ,Building material ,Clay ,Employee ,Work capacity ,Ergonomics ,Comparative study ,Stress, Mechanical ,business ,Controlled study - Abstract
In this paper the adoption of technological innovations to improve the work of bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants is evaluated. Two studies were performed among 323 subjects to determine the adoption of the working methods, the perceived workload, experiences with the working methods, and the reasons for adopting the working methods. Furthermore, a comparison of the results of the studies was made with those of two similar studies in the literature. The results show that more than half of the sector adopted the innovations. The perceived workload was reduced. The employees and employers are satisfied with the working methods and important reasons for adoption were cost/benefit advantages, improvement of work and health, and increase in productivity. Problems preventing the adoption were the use of the working methods at specific sites, for instance in renovation work. The adoption of the new working methods could perhaps have been higher or faster if more attention had been paid to the active participation of bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants during the development of the new working methods and to the use of modern media techniques, such as the Internet and CD/DVD.
- Published
- 2003
226. Reasons for adopting technological innovations reducing physical workload in bricklaying
- Subjects
Technology ,Lifting ,Compact disks ,Work environment ,Arbeidsproductiviteit ,Posture ,Employer ,Workload ,Stress ,Cost benefit analysis ,Personnel ,Humans ,Occupational Health ,Internet ,Construction work ,Equipment Safety ,Medical literature ,Physical activity ,Construction Materials ,Mass medium ,Health care ,Bricklaying ,Equipment Design ,Mechanical ,Costs ,Occupational Diseases ,Job satisfaction ,Videotape ,Human experiment ,Industrial worker ,Building material ,Clay ,Employee ,Work capacity ,Ergonomics ,Comparative study ,Controlled study - Abstract
In this paper the adoption of technological innovations to improve the work of bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants is evaluated. Two studies were performed among 323 subjects to determine the adoption of the working methods, the perceived workload, experiences with the working methods, and the reasons for adopting the working methods. Furthermore, a comparison of the results of the studies was made with those of two similar studies in the literature. The results show that more than half of the sector adopted the innovations. The perceived workload was reduced. The employees and employers are satisfied with the working methods and important reasons for adoption were cost/benefit advantages, improvement of work and health, and increase in productivity. Problems preventing the adoption were the use of the working methods at specific sites, for instance in renovation work. The adoption of the new working methods could perhaps have been higher or faster if more attention had been paid to the active participation of bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants during the development of the new working methods and to the use of modern media techniques, such as the Internet and CD/DVD.
- Published
- 2003
227. Risk assessment of silicosis and lung cancer among construction workers exposed to respirable quartz
- Author
-
Tjoe Nij, E., Heederik, D., Tjoe Nij, E., and Heederik, D.
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of the silicosis and cancer risk among construction workers. Methods: In 1998, 1335 of 4173 invited construction workers with expected high cumulative exposure to quartz were studied for early signs of silicosis. In 2002 the study was repeated for 96 persons. Exposure measurements were performed among 34 construction workers. Silicosis risk was assessed by converting study results to the whole group of construction workers and by risk analysis based on exposure data combined with documented exposure response relations. Excess risk for cancer was also calculated from available exposure measures. Results: The initial study among construction workers revealed a prevalence of 0.8% of workers with rounded opacities on chest X-rays. The follow-up showed a much higher percentage (12%) of persons with rounded opacities on X-rays. The results were confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography. It was estimated that roughly 9% of the population initially studied (N=1335) would have been observed with rounded opacities at follow-up. On the basis of the exposure data, a lifetime risk of silicosis above 5% is expected for workers exposed to levels above the occupational exposure limits. An excess lifetime risk for lung cancer is expected when workers are exposed to quartz levels above the occupational exposure limit. Due to the scarcity of exposure data, an estimation of the size of the group at risk is not yet possible. Conclusions: All available data indicate that construction workers exposed to quartz levels above occupational exposure limits are clearly at elevated risk of silicosis and other respiratory diseases. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Published
- 2005
228. A new bricklayers' method for use in the construction industry
- Author
-
Luijsterburg, P.A.J., Bongers, P.M., Vroome, E.M.M. de, Luijsterburg, P.A.J., Bongers, P.M., and Vroome, E.M.M. de
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of raised bricklaying on physical workload, reported musculoskeletal disorders, sickness absence, and job satisfaction. Methods: A controlled intervention study with a follow-up period of 10 months was performed among 202 bricklayers from 25 construction companies. Results: The introduction of devices for raised bricklaying decreased the physical load on the lower back and, to a less extent, on the shoulders and upper extremities. Although raised bricklaying had no effect on the number of lifts, decreases in trunk bending lowered the biomechanical moment. The results showed no decrease in reported musculoskeletal symptoms as a result of the adoption of raised bricklaying. Irrespective of the reason(s), the percentage of bricklayers in the intervention group reporting sickness absence was significantly lower than the same percentage in the control group. The results also showed that, in general, the bricklayers in this study were very satisfied with the use of devices for raised bricklaying. Conclusions: Controlled intervention studies on ergonomic improvements are rare. This study shows that the introduction of an ergonomic improvement in the construction industry may reduce physical load and the incidence of sickness absence. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Published
- 2005
229. Reasons for adopting technological innovations reducing physical workload in bricklaying
- Author
-
Jong, A.M. de, Vink, P., Kroon, J.C.A. de, Jong, A.M. de, Vink, P., and Kroon, J.C.A. de
- Abstract
In this paper the adoption of technological innovations to improve the work of bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants is evaluated. Two studies were performed among 323 subjects to determine the adoption of the working methods, the perceived workload, experiences with the working methods, and the reasons for adopting the working methods. Furthermore, a comparison of the results of the studies was made with those of two similar studies in the literature. The results show that more than half of the sector adopted the innovations. The perceived workload was reduced. The employees and employers are satisfied with the working methods and important reasons for adoption were cost/benefit advantages, improvement of work and health, and increase in productivity. Problems preventing the adoption were the use of the working methods at specific sites, for instance in renovation work. The adoption of the new working methods could perhaps have been higher or faster if more attention had been paid to the active participation of bricklayers and bricklayers' assistants during the development of the new working methods and to the use of modern media techniques, such as the Internet and CD/DVD.
- Published
- 2003
230. Contradictory individualized self-blaming: a cross-sectional study of associations between expectations to managers, coworkers, one-self and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers.
- Author
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Ajslev JZ, Persson R, and Andersen LL
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark epidemiology, Female, Humans, Low Back Pain diagnosis, Low Back Pain epidemiology, Low Back Pain psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases diagnosis, Occupational Diseases diagnosis, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Construction Industry, Musculoskeletal Diseases epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Diseases psychology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Occupational Diseases psychology, Self Concept
- Abstract
Background: Within work sociology, several studies have addressed construction workers' practices of masculinity, class, economy, safety risks and production. However, few studies have investigated room for agency in relation to bodily pain or musculoskeletal disorders and even fewer have made a quantitative approach. Accordingly, by means of a questionnaire, we examined the association between construction workers' room for agency and physical exertion, bodily and mental fatigue, and lower back pain., Methods: A total of 481 Danish construction workers who responded to a multifaceted questionnaire were included. Drawing on previous studies and a Foucauldian inspired concept of agency, agency was quantified through specially crafted questions and examined in relation to established measures on physical exertion, physical and mental fatigue and pain in the lower back. Associations were tested using analyses of variance (general linear models) and controlled for age, gender, job group, lifestyle and depression., Results: When asked about options for agency reducing the burden of work, few workers believed themselves to be prime agents of such practices. When asking about their view on performing alternative agency implying caring for the body, 39-49% expected negative reactions from management, and 20-33% expected negative reactions from colleagues. In contrast, only 13-18% of the participants stated that they would give a negative reception to such alternative practices. Using the expected reception outcomes (positive, neutral, negative) to alternative practices as predictors, the statistical regression analyses showed that negative expectations to management were associated with higher levels of physical exertion 0.62 (95% CI = 0.14-1.09) (scale 0-11), bodily fatigue 0.63 (95% CI = 0.22-1.04), mental fatigue 0.60 (95% CI = 0.07-1.12), and low back pain 0.79 (95% CI = 0.13-1.46) (scales 0-10)., Conclusion: In our study, construction workers answered questions about work and MSD. The answers indicated a contradiction between perceived responsibility and room for agency. Based on the study, a number of target areas could fruitfully be addressed in aiming to reduce MSD among construction workers. To change workers' expectances to the reception of lowering work pace if needed to take care of the body, their expectances to the reception of sickness absence as a result of pain, of discussing physical exertion in work and of demanding appropriate technical assistive devices are such examples. Our results emphasize that management plays an important role in this.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Heavy Physical Work: Cardiovascular Load in Male Construction Workers.
- Author
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Lunde LK, Koch M, Veiersted KB, Moen GH, Wærsted M, and Knardahl S
- Subjects
- Adult, Construction Industry, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Workload, Heart Rate, Work physiology
- Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate cardiovascular loads (CVL) in construction workers during work and leisure by relative heart rate (RHR) over several days. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the level of CVL in relation to individual factors, work ability, musculoskeletal pain and subjective general health. From a group of 255 construction workers responding to the baseline questionnaire, the CVL during work and leisure time was determined by recording RHR in 42 workers over 3-4 days. Almost 60% of the workday was spent below 20% RHR. The mean RHR during work for all participants was 16% RHR, with large differences between professions. On average, the 42 workers spent 14% of the workday at a RHR above 33%, and four subjects (10%) had a mean RHR above 33% during work. Eight (19%) of the participants had a mean length of their workday exceeding calculated maximal acceptable work time. Seven persons (17%) experienced on average one or more episode(s) of 5 min or more continuously above 33% RHR. The cardiovascular load at work was significantly associated with age and V̇O(2max), but not with work ability, musculoskeletal pain or subjective general health.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. Refurbishment works in a hospital during normal operation.
- Author
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Ross B, Hansen D, Lieske T, Krude J, Saner F, Marggraf G, Paul A, Jakob HG, and Popp W
- Abstract
Background: Construction and renovation work in hospitals pose risks of fungal airborne infections for immunosuppressed patients. If possible, reconstruction work will be postponed to periods without patient treatment. However, in many situations urgent damage demands immediate refurbishment works before the transferring of patients to other wards or closure of wards is possible. Reported here are infection control related measures and implemented procedures after two incidents of water damage which occurred on a surgical ward and an intensive care unit at the University hospital of Essen., Methods: Between January and April 2009 and between September and October 2009, respectively, concentration of air-borne particles and number of viable fungi were measured at two surgical wards and one ICU. Preventive Infection Control Measures included erection of protective walls and HEPA filtration of air from the renovation area., Results: During the renovation work on the surgical ward concentrations of moulds and particles ≥5 µm were significantly higher on the left side of the renovation area than on the right side (p=0.036 and p<0.001). Concentrations of particles ≥1 µm and particles ≥5 µm on both sides of the renovation area were significantly increased when compared with the control ward on the same floor but not when compared with the control ward on the other floor. Particles of all size were significantly elevated on the ICU during the renovation work. Aspergillus fumigatus could neither be cultured of the air of cardiac surgery intensive care unit nor of the intermediate care unit (control ward). During renovation works there was no nosocomial mould infection of patients treated on the two wards., Conclusion: Provided that the renovation area is tightly insulated from the areas of patient care on a ward, closure does not seem to be necessary during renovation works because variation of airborne fungi is similar to that of outdoor or control air. However a multidisciplinary team should be established. This team should perform risk assessment and determine necessary protective measures before starting any construction, renovation or maintenance work in health care settings.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. Bei der Erdarbeit. Malaiischer Aufseher. Straßenbau in Yap.
- Abstract
Südsee Yap Palau (Repros aus Photoalbum Möller/Fritz), Region: /Südsee, Deutsch-Neuguinea, Karolinen, Yap
- , Voelker: /Südseevölker /Asiaten, Malaien, Sachgruppe: /Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Bautrupp /Verkehr, Landverkehr, Schienenverkehr, Lore
- Published
- 1906
234. View from south-base after completion / Repro: Boormann a reinforced concrete bridge on the Agbarun Stream... 1936 / Nigeria Fo 014-6
- Abstract
Bautrupp Fluß Betonbrücke Lastwagen, Region: Nigeria, Voelker: Afrikaner, Sachgruppe: Bauwesen - Bauarbeiten - Bautrupp Verkehr - Landverkehr - Fahrzeug / Motor - Lastwagen Verkehr - Landverkehr - Brücke - Betonbrücke Landschaft - Gewässer / Fließend - Fluß
- Published
- 1936
235. Reichskolonialbund
- Abstract
Kol.Tagung Bremen 1938 No. 14, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Bremen, Sachgruppe: / Verkehr, Landverkehr, Fahrzeug_Motor, Automobil / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Gerüst / Neokolonialbewegung, Kolonialtagung, Kolonialtagung_Bremen / Architektur, Gebäudefunktion / Verein, Reichskolonialbund
- Published
- 1938
236. Folio 68 / 2 Negative / Olifantsfluss / Steilabstieg zum Olifantsfluss
- Abstract
Bautrupp (?) Schubkarre, Region: Südafrika
, Voelker: Europäer Afrikaner (?), Sachgruppe: Bauwesen - Bauarbeiten - Bautrupp (?) Technik - Geräte - Schubkarre - Published
- 1903
237. Adalia[?]
- Abstract
Wohnhaus Segelschiff Bautrupp Hafen, Region: Türkei, Sachgruppe: Architektur - Wohnhaus Bauwesen - Bauarbeiten - Bautrupp (?) Verkehr - Schiffahrt - Hafen Verkehr - Schiffahrt - Schiffstyp - Segelschiff
- Published
- 1902
238. Opera - Nationale - Combattenti / Fondatione di Pomezia / XXV aprile XVI
- Abstract
Neg. Diel 55. / Der Duce legt den Grundstein für die neue Siedlung Pornezia, auf dem Stein steht : Nationale Kämpfervereinigung, Gründung von Pornezia, 25.4.1916., Duce Grundstein Priester, Region: Italien - Pomezia, Voelker: Europäer - Italiener, Sachgruppe: Verwaltung - Regierung - Staatsoberhaupt - Duce Bauwesen - Bauarbeiten - Grundstein Religion - Geistlicher - Priester
- Published
- 1936
239. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
240. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
241. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
242. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
243. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
244. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
245. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
246. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
247. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
248. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
249. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
250. [Bild] / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Abstract
Region, Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin / Sachgruppe, Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Sachgruppe, Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Sachgruppe, Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft / Zeitangabe,1933-1945,1939, Region: / Europa, Mitteleuropa, Deutschland, Berlin, Sachgruppe: / Wirtschaft, Bauwesen, Bauarbeiten, Abrißarbeiten / Verein, Geschäftsstelle / Verein, Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft
- Published
- 1939
Catalog
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