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Background: Mothers and their newborns experiencing caesarean birth often receive delayed or interrupted skin-to-skin care (SSC) despite the intervention being well recognised as beneficial to both mother and baby, with no associated risk for increased morbidity or mortality. Maternal birth satisfaction is recognised as an indicator of quality maternity care; however, most of the research has focused on early intraoperative SSC initiation and breastfeeding outcomes. Objectives: To collate and synthesise evidence for maternal satisfaction of intraoperative and early postpartum SSC during and immediately following caesarean birth. To identify timelines of implementation, barriers, and facilitators of SSC. Methods: An integrative review was conducted guided by the 5-stage Wittemore and Knalf's framework. Four electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched. Key terms were 'Caesarean birth', 'skin-to-skin care', 'maternal satisfaction'. Studies published from 2014 to 5 September 2024 in English language were included. A hand search of potential inclusion articles was also searched to undertake a comprehensive review. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the quality of inclusion studies. Results: 17 studies met the selection criteria and were included in this review. Intraoperative and early SSC during caesarean birth is associated with positive maternal birth satisfaction and contributes to improved birth experience for mothers with no negative implications. Conclusions: Increased access to intraoperative SSC will likely contribute to increased maternal satisfaction and positive birthing experience. Compliance with policy recommendations regarding SSC may improve with access to a flow chart tool identifying expectations of women's intraoperative and postoperative care for caesarean birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that presents significant challenges for care home residents and staff. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on PD education and training available to care home staff, examine existing programs and their effectiveness, and identify gaps in current educational approaches. Methods: A scoping review (ScR) was conducted and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for ScR (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases was conducted in September 2024. Studies focusing on PD education and training for care home staff were included. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed, followed by thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The thematic analysis revealed four main themes: improvements in PD knowledge and confidence, improvements in care practices and outcomes, the need for increased specialist education, and the incorporation of communication training. Educational interventions led to significant improvements in staff knowledge, confidence, and care practices. However, these studies also highlighted a critical need for more specialized PD training among care home staff. Conclusions: This review provides evidence of promise regarding the potential impact of PD-specific education on care home staff knowledge and practices. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating comprehensive, tailored educational programs to enhance the quality of care for people with PD in care home settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify, examine, and map the literature on infection prevention and control (IPAC) education and training for visitors to long-term care (LTC) homes. Introduction: Visitor restrictions during infectious outbreaks in LTC homes aim to reduce virus transmission to vulnerable residents. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the negative impacts of such restrictions, prompting the need for IPAC education for visitors. Inclusion Criteria: This review includes research, narrative papers, and grey literature on IPAC education and training for LTC visitors. It focuses on intentional education aimed at preventing infection transmission. Studies not involving visitors or offered in other settings were excluded. Methods: Following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, bibliographic databases (CINAHL, Embase, AgeLine, Medline, and ERIC) were searched from 1990 to present in English or French. Data were extracted by two reviewers, focusing on the educational content, delivery mode, frequency, timing, and qualifications of educators. A narrative summary and descriptive statistics were produced. Results: The 26 included documents contained guidelines, policies, educational resources, and opinion papers. Pre-2020, healthcare workers were responsible for educating visitors. Post-2020, more detailed recommendations emerged on the frequency, content, and delivery methods. Key topics included hand hygiene (92.3%), respiratory hygiene (80.8%), and PPE use (73.1%). Conclusions: IPAC education and training for LTC visitors is essential for safe visitation. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these educational interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this scoping review was to map intervention programmes for first-episode psychosis by identifying their characteristics, participants, and specific contexts of implementation. It seems reasonable to suggest that early intervention may be beneficial in improving recovery outcomes and reducing the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). Despite the expansion of these programmes, there are still some significant variations and barriers to access that need to be addressed. In line with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, this review encompasses studies focusing on individuals grappling with early-stage psychosis and their caregivers across a range of settings, including hospital and community environments. The review identified 47 studies from 2002 to 2023, which revealed a great deal of diversity in programme characteristics and implementation contexts. This reflects a global perspective. The results showed that there is a great deal of variety in the characteristics of the programmes, with interventions ranging from single-component strategies, such as cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), to multicomponent programmes that integrate a number of different approaches, including psychosocial, pharmacological, and family-focused strategies. The objectives included attempts to improve cognitive functioning; enhance coping skills; reduce caregiver burden; and address symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and hallucinations. It is notable that there was considerable variation in the frequency, duration, and follow-up periods of the interventions, with some lasting just three sessions over one month and others spanning five years and 48 sessions. The majority of the programmes were delivered in community or outpatient settings, although there were also examples of hospital- and home-based interventions. These findings highlight the value of early interventions and provide a useful resource for adapting programmes to different social and cultural contexts. It would be beneficial for future research to explore how these interventions can be tailored to diverse settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This systematic review paper aims to investigate seasonal ambient change's impact on the incidence of falls among older adults. Design/methodology/approach: The population, exposure, outcome (PEO) structured framework was used to frame the research question prior to using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis framework. Three databases were searched, and a total of 12 studies were found for inclusion, and quality appraisal was carried out. Data extraction was performed, and narrative analysis was carried out. Findings: Of the 12 studies, 2 found no link between seasonality and fall incidence. One study found fall rates increased during warmer months, and 9 of the 12 studies found that winter months and their associated seasonal changes led to an increase in the incidence in falls. The overall result was that cooler temperatures typically seen during winter months carried an increased risk of falling for older adults. Originality/value: Additional research is needed, most likely examining the climate one lives in. However, the findings are relevant and can be used to inform health-care providers and older adults of the increased risk of falling during the winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify, map, and describe studies involving Brazilian children in early childhood in situations of social vulnerability. Source of data: A scoping review including full articles published in Portuguese and English up to March 2023, with no temporal restrictions. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, and LILACS databases. Journal metrics, sample characteristics, study area, characterization of the situation of social vulnerability, and study outcomes were extracted. Summary of the findings: Seventy-six articles involving a total of 107.740 children in early childhood were included in this study. These studies presented relevant findings, including the temporal publication trend, the variability of social vulnerability indicators, the scarcity of intervention studies, and the fact that 100% of eligible studies were from the health area. Negative outcomes were associated with the condition of social vulnerability in almost the entire sample, reinforcing the need for government policies capable of protecting early childhood from the effects of social vulnerability. Conclusion: This scoping review mapped important findings involving Brazilian children in social vulnerability. It also identified literature gaps such as the need for intervention and multisectoral studies among health, education, and social protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review aims to identify what works for psychological interventions or teaching strategies designed to improve wellbeing in psychological therapy trainees (PTTs). Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review was conducted in keeping with best-practice guidelines. The protocol for the review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO. Findings: Seventy studies were included in the review. The balance of evidence across quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies cautiously suggests that interventions designed to improve PTT wellbeing may be of value. Novel findings regarding barriers and facilitators of successful intervention were identified. Particularly notable in this regard was the finding that providing trainees with a degree of choice or control over elements of the intervention appeared to be an important facilitator of success. Importantly, however, the review identified a number of methodological weaknesses in the literature, undermining the certainty of findings. More high-quality research is needed to answer the questions of the review decisively. Practical implications: Evidence tentatively suggests that interventions to support trainee wellbeing are often received well by trainees and are frequently perceived by trainees as beneficial. Providing trainees with some degree of choice or control regarding how to engage with wellbeing interventions during training may be important. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first review to systematically identify and synthesise findings on this important topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Promoting academic integrity is an essential role of nurse educators. This scoping review examined best practices for orienting undergraduate nursing students on academic integrity policies. Methods: CINAHL Plus, ERIC, and Academic Search Premier databases were searched for studies published in English since 2013. In addition, reference lists of included studies were hand-searched for supplementary articles. Included studies focused on academic integrity policy orientation practices in higher education. Results: Data from 10 included studies are presented in this review. Few studies on academic policy orientation practices specific to nursing (n = 1) exist. Most of the studies (n = 8) focused on higher education practices with no specific discipline focus. Conclusion: Future research should focus on academic integrity policy orientation in nursing education. Nurse educators can implement generalizable recommendations from current literature. Recommendations include promoting a positive environment of academic integrity and faculty-led policy orientation practices. [J Nurs Educ. 2025;64(1):40–43.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Safety Planning Intervention (SPI) is an efficacious brief intervention for supporting people experiencing suicidal ideation and behavior. However, the subjective experiences of those who have used the SPI have not been systematically evaluated. This systematic review synthesized qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of people involved in the SPI. Method: Systematic searches of international, peer-reviewed, English language literature were conducted in seven databases (CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science). Results: A total of 588 articles were screened for eligibility, with screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal conducted in duplicate. Qualitative data were extracted from 10 included studies and synthesized via meta-aggregation. Ninety individual findings were aggregated into 14 unique categories, with categories subsequently combined to produce four synthesized findings: acceptability and positive outcomes associated with the SPI; maximizing the effectiveness of the SPI; navigating the involvement of support persons in the SPI process; barriers and limitations associated with the SPI. Discussion: Collectively, findings indicate that the SPI is viewed as beneficial by users and can be enhanced through clinicians' use of a person-centered, collaborative approach, as well as through the inclusion of support persons. Future research should seek lived experience understandings from more diverse stakeholders, particularly regarding consumers' experiences of using the SPI during acute distress. Further research is required to investigate causal pathways between SPI engagement and improved outcomes. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?ID=CRD42022312425 , identifier CRD42022312425. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the treatment can result in skin reactions that may affect their quality of life and clinical outcomes. PILs can provide guidance on managing early symptoms and reduce unscheduled treatment breaks. Evaluating PILs is not frequently evidence-based, and research into evaluating PILs' inclusiveness for radiotherapy skin reactions does not exist. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge base to better serve the whole radiotherapy population. Methods: A constructivist methodology was developed to evaluate skin-tone inclusivity in the author's local PILs, and a literature review was conducted to assess the knowledge base and facilitate providing recommendations for improvement. Results: Publication, diagnostic, language and educational bias were identified in the literature. The content analysis found the author's departmental PILs were not inclusive of medium and dark-skinned patients. Conclusions: Further research into radiotherapy PILs inclusivity is warranted. The creation or amendments to existing radiotherapy skin reaction diagnostic tools are needed to cater for the whole population. Diverse educational resources are needed to contribute to the reduction of health inequalities faced by radiotherapy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) incidence is increasing globally. International consensus guidelines published in 2024 include HPV and/or cytology testing of anal swabs in those at greatest risk of ASCC. Self‐collected anal swabs may be important for increasing screening uptake, but evidence is needed as to their equivalence to clinician‐collected swabs. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases for publications to 13 June 2023. Studies were included if reporting data on HPV testing, cytology testing, or acceptability, for both self‐ and clinician‐collected anal swabs. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 assessment tool. The primary outcome was HPV and cytology sampling adequacy. Secondary outcomes were HPV and cytology results, and acceptability of collection methods. Thirteen papers describing 10 studies were eligible. Sample adequacy was comparable between self‐ and clinician‐collected swabs for HPV testing (meta‐adequacy ratio: 1.01 [95% CI 0.97–1.05]) but slightly lower for cytology by self‐collection (meta‐adequacy ratio: 0.91 [95% CI 0.88–0.95]). There was no significant difference in prevalence (meta‐prevalence ratio: 0.83 (95% CI 0.65–1.07) for any HR‐HPV, 0.98 (95% CI 0.84–1.14) for any HPV, and 0.68 (95% CI 0.33–1.37) for HPV16), or any cytological abnormality (meta‐prevalence ratio 1.01 [95% CI 0.86–1.18]). Only three papers reported acceptability results. Findings indicate self‐collection gives equivalent sample adequacy for HPV testing and ~ 10% inferior adequacy for cytological testing. Meta‐prevalence was similar for HPV and cytology, but confidence intervals were wide. Larger studies are required to definitively assess use of self‐collected swabs in anal cancer screening programs, including acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most adults do not adhere to established aerobic physical activity (PA) guidelines due in part to various barriers. PA snacks, or periodic short bouts of activity (<10 minutes) offer a potential strategy to overcoming such barriers and increasing PA. Previous efforts have been focused on eliciting the health benefits of PA and exercise snacks, yet adherence to this concept has not been examined. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature assessing adherence to PA snacks and health-related outcomes associated with PA snacks. PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched for literature published between January 2018-September 2023. Studies investigating adherence and/or the health-related outcomes of PA snacks were included. Of 4201 articles identified, 12 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were randomized (n = 10), focused on adults with a chronic disease/life-long condition or exhibited a sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), and reported positive health outcomes (n = 12; e.g., improvements in cardiometabolic markers and body composition). Five studies reported adherence to supervised and unsupervised PA snack interventions, with high rates ≥92%. This review supports and extends the previously reported health-related benefits of PA snacks. It also shows promise for increasing overall PA and adherence to the PA guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) and self-compassion (SC) have been shown to positively impact mental and physical health. Findings from a prior review provided evidence of the positive effect of PA on SC. The increased interest and published studies in this area in recent years are not surprising. Since the last review, we have experienced surges in stress and inactivity as well as a global pandemic. Thus, the aims of the current review are to provide an update on the state of the science for PA activity and SC, pinpoint gaps and advances, and provide future directions for this burgeoning literature. A total of 10 recent studies, with n = 6808 participants, were reviewed, including 7 non-experimental and 3 experimental studies. Most (6 out of 7) of the non-experimental studies reported a significant association between SC and PA or related variables in varying populations. Overall, this review corroborated past findings on the relationship between SC and PA, highlighted the extension of this work to new populations and physical activities, and identified interesting emerging trends. A better understanding of how these critical components of self-care "work" could help dramatically improve quality of life and have important public health implications, especially in our post-pandemic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current review examined the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in palliative care, specifically focusing on models used to identify potential beneficiaries of palliative services among individuals with chronic and terminal illnesses. Methods: A systematic review was conducted across four electronic databases. Five studies met inclusion criteria, all of which applied AI/ML models to predict outcomes relevant to palliative care, such as mortality or the need for services. Results: Of 1,504 studies screened, five studies used supervised ML algorithms, whereas one used natural language processing with a deep learning model to identify potential palliative care candidates. The most common AI/ML algorithms included neural network–based models, logistic regression, and tree-based models. Conclusion: AI and ML models offer promising avenues for identifying palliative care beneficiaries. As AI continues to evolve, its potential to reshape palliative care through early identification is significant, providing opportunities for timely and targeted care interventions. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 51(1), 7–14.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endovascular therapy has become increasingly preferred in the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions. The choice of arterial access usually depends on the type of procedure being performed with most via the common femoral artery and increasingly via the radial artery. Percutaneous access via the brachial artery has however been approached with caution due to the perceived increased risk for development of complications. Percutaneous brachial artery access (pBAA) has insufficient evidence when compared to femoral and radial access, with no large-scale studies available. The objective of this study is to review the literature and report the clinical and radiological complications associated with pBAA. Methods: EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL and Medline were searched for existing data on the complications associated with pBAA. Systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out on the data of 31 studies. Results: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that the probability of post procedural haematoma was 4.76%, haemorrhage 1.43%, perforation 1.11% pseudoaneurysm 1.06%, spasm 0.9%, thrombus 0.55%, neuropathy 0.53%, occlusion 0.51%, ischaemia 0.37% and infection 0.24 %. Non-target vessel puncture, stenosis and stroke had a 0% incidence among the assessed population. Conclusion: This study provides evidence to support clinical decision making when it comes to the utility of pBAA in endovascular diagnosis or therapy. The results demonstrate that pBAA is relatively safe with a low incidence of serious complications and thereby provide the clinician with the option of an alternate access point when planning treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endometriosis is the leading cause of chronic pelvic pain among women. The pain associated with endometriosis significantly impacts various aspects of patients' quality of life. A notable void in the literature is the absence of a systematic review exploring pain communication between patients with endometriosis and healthcare professionals. Hence, the aim of this qualitative systematic review was to synthesize findings on how patients with endometriosis experience communicating with healthcare professionals about pain and how healthcare professionals experience these interactions. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted related to patients with endometriosis and pain communication in CINAHL PLUS with full text and MEDLINE (via EBSCO host) on May 12, 2023, and updated January 26, 2024. Searches were supplemented by backward searching reference lists and forward searching citations of included reports in Scopus and Google Scholar. The review was guided by the four‐step meta‐synthesis methodology by Sandelowski and Barosso. Critical appraisal of included studies was conducted using Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP). Findings were analyzed thematically, using the approach described by Thomas and Harden. The meta‐synthesis was based on a registered protocol in PROSPERO (CRD 42023425430), and the study is reported adhering to the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Results: Overall, 37 reports published from 2003 until 2023 contributed to the review, including 4842 participants. Through thematic analysis, we developed the following themes: "Navigating the double burden," "Lack of mutual understanding," and "The complexities of conveying pain." Conclusions: The communication of pain between patients with endometriosis and healthcare professionals is complex, encompassing patterns of disbelief, normalization, and psychological attribution. Engaging in discussions about pain presents diverse challenges stemming from insufficient communication skills and assessment tools. Further research is warranted to comprehensively explore the perspectives of both patients and healthcare professionals, aiming to devise strategies that enhance communication and patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obstetric violence, or mistreatment of women in obstetric care, can have severe consequences such as fear of future childbirth, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Material and Methods: The primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of obstetric violence in high‐income countries. The secondary objective was to extract the main domains of obstetric violence perceived by women from qualitative studies. Following prospective registration (PROSPERO CRD42023468570), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched with no restrictions. Included studies were cross‐sectional, cohort, mixed methods, and qualitative studies based on populations from high‐income countries. The review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed. Rates of obstetric violence were pooled using random effects model, computing 95% confidence intervals (CI) and assessing heterogeneity using I2 statistic. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect potential reporting biases and small‐study effects. Results: Of the 1821 records screened, 25 studies were included: 14 quantitative and 2 mixed methods studies, comprising 60 987 women, and 9 qualitative studies were included, comprising an additional 4356 women. 81.25% of quantitative studies, including the quantitative component of the mixed methods studies, were considered satisfactory or better regarding risk of bias. The prevalence of obstetric violence was overall 45.3% (95% CI 27.5–63.0; I2 = 100.0%). The prevalence of specific forms of mistreatment was also estimated. Lack of access to analgesia was 17.3% (95% CI 6.9–27.7; I2 = 99.7%). Ignored requests for help was 19.2% (95% CI 11.7–26.6; I2 = 99.0%). Shouting and scolding 19.7% (95% CI 13.0–26.4; I2 = 98.7%). The use of fundal pressure during the second stage of labor (Kristeller maneuver) was 30.3% (95% CI 22.1–38.5; I2 = 97.6%). There was no funnel asymmetry. Lack of information and/or consent were the most frequent domains extracted from the qualitative articles and the qualitative component of the mixed methods studies. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that obstetric violence is a prevalent problem that women in high‐income countries experience. Lack of information and/or consent were the domains most frequently described in the qualitative studies and the qualitative component of the mixed methods studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of magic‐themed interventions in improving daily bimanual task performance in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and to elucidate the variability in outcomes. Method: This systematic literature review searched databases including Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL. Outcome measures selected for the meta‐analysis included the Children's Hand‐use Experience Questionnaire, its three subscales, and the Besta subscale C. The overall efficacy of magic‐themed interventions was analysed using Hedges' g as the summary measure for these outcomes. Subgroup analysis compared the efficacy of different modes of training, and a meta‐regression investigated the impact of training duration. Results: Analyses of four studies involving 78 children showed magic‐themed training significantly improved bimanual task performance (Hedges' g = 0.327, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.107–0.547, p = 0.004), especially in group settings (Hedges' g = 0.435, 95% CI = 0.176–0.693, p = 0.001), compared with non‐significant gains from video interventions (Hedges' g = 0.041, 95% CI = −0.380 to 0.462, p = 0.850). Additionally, training duration positively correlated with performance gains (coefficient = 0.0076 per hour, p = 0.001). Interpretation: Magic‐themed training, especially through group sessions and extended durations, enhances bimanual skills in children with unilateral spastic CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tobacco is the leading modifiable risk factor for cancer and other chronic diseases. The workplace provides an opportunity to advance tobacco cessation efforts. Combining tobacco cessation with complementary components addressing mental health, physical activity, and healthy eating has demonstrated effectiveness in non-workplace settings. This scoping review examines the literature on multicomponent workplace tobacco cessation interventions to identify core components and implementation facilitators and barriers to support uptake in the workplace setting. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews and Arksey and O'Malley's five-step process. Peer-reviewed literature published in the past 20 years was searched across 9 databases. A search for relevant gray literature (i.e., conference papers/proceedings) was also completed. Articles were screened by two independent researchers for inclusion. Included studies evaluated workplace interventions recruiting individuals to participate in a tobacco cessation program alongside a complementary component (i.e., physical activity, mental health, healthy eating). Results: Most of the 12 included studies paired tobacco cessation with mental health or stress reduction interventions. Most complementary components targeted the individual versus organizational or policy levels. The synthesized facilitators indicated that multicomponent interventions should be incentivized and tailored to adequately meet the needs of different workplaces and employees. Discussion: This scoping review synthesizes studies integrating multiple complementary program components into workplace tobacco cessation efforts. Future interventions should implement tobacco cessation interventions at multiple levels, combining complementary components to maximize effectiveness and overcome barriers (e.g., weight gain and stress) to successful outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin is vital in human circadian rhythm and infant development. This scoping review summarized the current knowledge about melatonin's presence and effects in human milk to promote better understanding of its secretion pattern and clinical advancement of maternal-infant health. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline and answered the question: What is the current knowledge about melatonin hormone in human milk? The databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, EMBASE, Science Direct, Eric, Cochrane, in addition to grey literature and reference lists of included sources. Research papers included English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages, regardless of study type or publication date. The study selection and data extraction involved two independent reviewers. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. The studies, conducted between 1993 and 2023, employed diverse designs, with cross-sectional studies being the most prevalent. Melatonin concentration exhibited a consistent pattern, being higher at night, and elevated in colostrum. The analysis methods for melatonin concentration evolved, with recent advancements contributing to more accurate measurements. Factors influencing melatonin levels, such as delivery type, maternal age, and health conditions, demonstrated a complex relationship, potentially impacting the health and development of infants. The dynamic nature of melatonin in human milk calls for continued interdisciplinary research, bridging gaps between clinical, biochemical, and epidemiological perspectives. Standardizing melatonin analysis methods are needed. Nurses should assess factors influencing melatonin levels in milk to promote interventions and guidance aimed at enhancing the regulation of the circadian cycle during the perinatal period and its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, disproportionately impacting older adults. Plant-based diets (PBDs) have emerged as a dietary strategy to mitigate CVD risk, characterized by foods derived from plants and minimal to no animal-derived foods. This integrative review assesses the effectiveness of PBDs for improving CVD risk factors in older adults. A search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed, and Medline databases for studies of PBDs and CVD risk factors in individuals aged 65 years and older. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Seventeen publications were analyzed, 7 experimental and 10 non-experimental. All studies showed at least one positive association between PBDs and cardiovascular health in older adults. Findings highlighted significant associations between PBD adherence and reductions in key CVD risk factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI), alongside potential benefits in reducing coronary artery calcium and enhancing endothelial function and serum isoflavone concentrations. There is evidence for the potential of PBDs as an effective dietary strategy to prevent the onset and progression of CVD in older adults and reduce the risk of CVD mortality. This review indicates the need for further research. Larger randomized control trials focused on older adults may strengthen the evidence base and guide healthcare recommendations. PBDs should be considered as a part of holistic CVD prevention and management strategies for older adults, encouraging dietary patterns that are rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, beans, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to rising temperature extremes, workplaces are seeking new solutions, such as using personal cooling garments (PCG) to mitigate and manage workplace heat exposure. This systematic review sought to assess the physiological and perceptual effects of PCGs on workers in standard work clothing performing moderate‐to‐heavy intensity tasks in hot environments. Methods: A peer‐reviewed search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Global Health, and Business Source Complete with no language or time limits. A meta‐analysis using a realist evaluation framework was then performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PCGs. Results: Thirty‐three studies with 764 participants (98% male; average 21 ± 34 participants per study), conducted primarily in a laboratory setting (76%) were included. The studies were 193 ± 190 min in duration and consisted of a moderate‐to‐heavy work effort of 3.3 ± 1.0 METs in hot ambient conditions (temperature: 35.9 ± 3.3°C, 51.4 ± 12.1% relative humidity, wet bulb globe temperature [WBGT] 31.2 ± 2.6°C). The PCGs (n = 67) facilitated heat exchange through conduction (n = 39), evaporation (n = 4), convection (n = 2), radiation (n = 2), or hybrid combinations (n = 20). Conductive and hybrid PCGs offered the greatest thermoregulatory benefit, whereby core temperature (Tc) and heart rate (HR) reductions were consistently observed (Conductive: Tc: −0.3°C, HR: −12 bpm; Hybrid: Tc:−0.2°C, HR: −10 bpm), while PCGs directed at enhancing evaporative and radiative heat exchange had no or minimal effect on the physiological outcomes assessed (i.e., TC < 0.1°C, HR: < 0.7 bpm). Conclusion: While the PCGs had a positive overall effect, conductive options offered the most consistent benefit to workers. WBGT, clothing insulation, and duration of wear significantly affected some physiological and perceptual outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): To determine (1) the quality of systematic reviews about dance-based intervention in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and (2) standard evidence for dance-based intervention efficacy based on the categories of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) from the World Health Organization's (WHO). Methods: The data source included MEDLINE, PUBMED, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), CINAHL, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycNet (APA PsycINFO), LILACS, SciELO, and AMED. Pairs of independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of eligible studies by using the software Covidence. Criteria included: systematic review designs; individuals with PD; dance-based interventions aimed to change critical PD symptoms matched to IFC domains (body functions, activities, and participation). Independent reviewers extracted information regarding the characteristics of all systematic reviews included and appraised quality using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Randomized controlled trials and their risk of bias were identified within each review and were used to perform an updated pairwise meta-analysis. Results: Of the 571 manuscripts screened, 55 reviews met the inclusion criteria. The overall confidence in the results of 38 reviews (69%) was rated as 'critically low,' nine (9%) as 'low,' one (2%) as 'moderate,' while seven of 55 reviews (13%) were rated as 'high'. Dance associated with pharmacological usual care is better than pharmacological usual care alone for essential components of ICF, such as motor symptoms severity (body function), depressive symptoms (body function), balance (body function and activity), and functional mobility (activity), but not for gait distance (activity) and quality of life (participation). Dance is also superior to multimodal exercise to improve balance. Conclusions: Clinicians and people with PD can refer to this paper for a summary of high-quality reviews and the overall evidence supporting dance as an adjunct rehabilitation. This umbrella review not only underscores the therapeutic potential of dance but also reinforces the use of arts-based approaches into healthcare practices for people with neurological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLiterature on the effectiveness of occupational therapy mental health interventions in return-to-work (RTW) is limited, presenting challenges in implementing appropriate strategies. This scoping review aims to synthesize empirical evidence on the effectiveness of mental health interventions on RTW. The search strategy across databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library, yielded over 1430 articles, of which seven met the eligibility criteria. Three main intervention types were identified from the review: work performance/function intervention, vocational rehabilitation, and nature-based rehabilitation. This study will help select effective interventions for RTW and expand on the existing knowledge base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research that investigates the negative health effects of stigma beyond the individual and interpersonal levels is increasingly using the concept of "structural stigma." This scoping review investigates how the concept of "structural stigma" has been used and operationalized in health-related literature to date in order to characterize its usage and inform future operationalizations. Methods: A systematic search and screening process identified peer-reviewed, English-language research articles that used the term "structural stigma" available prior to January 1, 2024 in five databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL). Results: Of the 298 articles identified, over half (53%) were published from 2021 onward. Articles most commonly were set in the United States (n = 163, 55%), investigated stigma toward sexual minority people (n = 163, 55%), and cited the introduction of a special issue of Social Science & Medicine as their source of the concept (n = 84, 28%). Most articles (64%) used at least one additional conceptual framework, most commonly minority stress theory (n = 107, 36%). Quantitative operationalizations (n = 102) engaged most in the conceptual domain of laws and government-level policies, while qualitative operationalizations (n = 68) engaged most with institutional (i.e., non-government-level) policies, practices, and procedures. Conclusions: As the use of "structural stigma" is increasing, operationalizations can better leverage the concept's breadth and account for individuals' intersectional lived experiences. This will necessitate bridging across methodologies and bodies of research on related negative social processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize the evidence in existing nursing studies that used natural language processing to analyze social media data, and the relevant procedures, techniques, tools, and ethical issues. Background: Social media has widely integrated into both everyday life and the nursing profession, resulting in the accumulation of extensive nursing‐related social media data. The analysis of such data facilitates the generation of evidence thereby aiding in the formation of better policies. Natural language processing has emerged as a promising methodology for analyzing social media data in the field of nursing. However, the extent of natural language processing applications in analyzing nursing‐related social media data remains unknown. Evaluation: A scoping review was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore were searched. Studies were screened based on inclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted and summarized using a descriptive approach. Key Issues: In total, 38 studies were included for the final analysis. Topic modeling and sentiment analysis were the most frequently employed natural language processing techniques. The most used topic modeling algorithm was latent Dirichlet allocation. The dictionary‐based approach was the most utilized sentiment analysis approach, and the National Research Council Sentiment and Emotion Lexicons was the most used sentiment dictionary. Natural language processing tools such as Python (NLTK, Jieba, spaCy, and KoNLP library) and R (LDAvis, Jaccard, ldatuning, and SentiWordNet packages) were documented. A significant proportion of the included studies did not obtain ethical approval and did not conduct data anonymization on social media users' information. Conclusion: This scoping review summarized the extent of natural language processing techniques adoption in nursing and relevant procedures and tools, offering valuable resources for researchers who are interested in discovering knowledge from social media data. The study also highlighted that the application of natural language processing for analyzing nursing‐related social media data is still emerging, indicating opportunities for future methodological improvements. Implications for Nursing Management: There is a need for a standardized management framework for conducting and reporting studies using natural language processing techniques in the analysis of nursing‐related social media data. The findings could inform the development of regulatory policies by nursing authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To summarize the morphological characteristics and development and healing processes of severe radiodermatitis for examining the factors contributing to the development of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were extracted from selected references describing detailed conditions of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. The data were organized separately for radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and bioradiotherapy. Data Sources: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were used to search for papers from 2000 to December 2023. Results: 11 out of 658 references met the criteria for this review. The morphological characteristics of severe radiodermatitis were categorized by symptoms, site, and shape, and a condition in which moist desquamations and associated crusts spreading to the anterior and lateral neck areas were extracted. In bioradiotherapy, the process of keratinocyte degeneration and formation of blisters under the epidermis leading to moist desquamations was extracted. In chemoradiotherapy, the process of epithelization was extracted 1 week following the occurrence of moist desquamations. Conclusions: Moist desquamations are more likely to occur in severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. Since they can fuse and spread, preventative measures to mitigate spreading are important. However, there is insufficient information to examine the causes of widespread moist desquamations. For preventing moist desquamations and establishing care methods to heal moist desquamations, it may be necessary to identify the symptoms, site, and shape, including the color tone and depth, and healing process during their occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although home-based end-of-life care is more in line with the preferences of people living with dementia, operationalizing this ideal remains challenging. Many people living with dementia are still unable to die at home or receive end-of-life care at home. This review aims to apply meta-ethnography to synthesize existing qualitative studies, to identify the facilitators and barriers of home-based end-of-life care for people living with dementia. Methods: This review will use the meta-ethnography method to systematically synthesize and analyze qualitative studies. The seven stages described by Noblit and Hare (1988) will serve as the framework for this review. The systematic literature search will comprehensively cover the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria are: (A) qualitative research design; (B) participants are people living with dementia, family caregivers, or healthcare providers; (C) discussion of barriers and facilitators affecting home end-of-life care for people living with dementia; (D) original peer-reviewed studies in English. The included studies will be quality assessed using the CASP quality assessment form. The entire research process will refer to the meta-ethnography reporting guidelines (eMERGe) and the PRISMA statement to ensure the scientific and systematic nature of the results. Discussion: This review will synthesize and analyze the results of different qualitative studies, transforming different perspectives through an iterative process of comparison, translation, and synthesis to generate new insights, and will form a comprehensive and insightful interpretive framework. This will promote a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of home-based end-of-life care for people living with dementia. In addition, the results of this review will guide the development and improvement of home-based end-of-life care interventions for people living with dementia, and guide policymakers and practitioners to optimize relevant policies and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims and Objectives Background Design Methods Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Patient or Public Contribution To summarise the currently developed risk prediction models for medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases and evaluate their performance and applicability.Ensuring medication adherence is crucial in effectively managing chronic diseases. Although numerous studies have endeavoured to construct risk prediction models for predicting medication adherence in patients with chronic illnesses, the reliability and practicality of these models remain uncertain.Systematic review.We conducted searches on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase and Medline from inception until 16 July 2023. Two authors independently screened risk prediction models for medication adherence that met the predefined inclusion criteria. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to evaluate both the risk of bias and clinical applicability of the included studies. This systematic review adhered to the 2020 PRISMA checklist.The study included a total of 11 risk prediction models from 11 studies. Medication regimen and age were the most common predictors. The use of PROBAST revealed that some essential methodological details were not thoroughly reported in these models. Due to limitations in methodology, all models were rated as having a high‐risk for bias.According to PROBAST, the current models for predicting medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases exhibit a high risk of bias. Future research should prioritise enhancing the methodological quality of model development and conducting external validations on existing models.Based on the review findings, recommendations have been provided to refine the construction methodology of prediction models with an aim of identifying high‐risk individuals and key factors associated with low medication adherence in chronic diseases.This systematic review was conducted without patient or public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of 'data-enabled', digital healthcare is evolving rapidly, as demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its successful implementation remains complex and challenging. Harmonisation (within/between healthcare systems) of infrastructure and implementation strategies has the potential to promote safe, equitable and accessible digital healthcare, but guidance for implementation is lacking. Using respiratory technologies as an example, our scoping review process will capture and review the published research between 12th December 2013 to 12th December 2023. Following standard methodology (Arksey and O'Malley), we will search for studies published in ten databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, CABI Global Health, and WHO Medicus. Our search strategy will use the terms: digital health, respiratory conditions, and implementation. Using Covidence, screening of abstracts and full texts will be undertaken by two independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted into a pilot-tested data extraction table for charting, summarising and reporting the results. We will conduct stakeholder meetings throughout to discuss the themes emerging from implementation studies and support interpretation of findings in the light of their experience within their own networks and organisations. The findings will inform the future work within the ERS CONNECT clinical research collaboration and contribute to policy statements to promote a harmonised framework for digital transformation of respiratory healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusionMulticomponent interventions are increasingly utilized to tackle the complexity of aging and co-morbid patients. However, descriptions of interventions are generally poor, making it difficult for healthcare providers to implement successful programs.This study aimed to explore the completeness of intervention description of pharmacist-facilitated medication reviews (MRs) in Nordic primary care settings.We performed a scoping review of studies reporting on pharmacist-facilitated MRs in Nordic primary care settings. Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched on 24 January 2024. We used Arksey and O’Mally’s framework for scoping studies and applied an adapted version of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to evaluate intervention reporting. The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification of MR levels was used to identify the components of different MRs.Sixteen studies were included in this scoping review. The studies were conducted in Sweden (n = 7), Norway (n = 6), Finland (n = 2) and Denmark (n = 1). Information on the participating pharmacists’ expertise, qualifications and training was fully reported in only two studies. Twelve studies did not provide any information related to intervention cost, dose or duration, making it challenging to estimate the economic impact of the intervention. Only one study made an evaluation of intervention fidelity. Conversely, 15 studies lacked information on this topic which can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the program’s effectiveness.The studies included in this scoping review do not provide sufficient MR information for intervention replication. We recommend that pharmacy trials use reporting checklists to increase the replicability and transferability of effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionThis review analyses and thematically structures the literature exploring the everyday care practices of healthcare support workers (HCSWs) based on hospital wards caring for patients with dementia in the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. Understanding the experiences of this staff group can enhance education, research, and practice initiatives, which in turn supports high-quality dementia care.In February 2024, we searched a range of databases: PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, British Nursing Index, AMED and ASSIA, to identify qualitative and mixed methods papers exploring HCSW’s care practices. We extracted and tabulated: research focus, methods of data collection and analysis, themes, findings, and all quotes attributed to HCSWs. The CASP tool was used for quality appraisal. We analysed the data following guidance for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews to generate overarching themes.We uncovered 19 papers, and our thematic analysis generated four themes: i) roles and responsibilities, ii) training and teamwork, iii) practicing and reflecting, and iv) always being front and centre.Our themes are consistent with the literature exploring HCSW practice generally, including the challenges, skills and dedication to their craft demonstrated by this staff group. However, the nature of working with patients with dementia with behaviours that challenge is a more prominent issue within this data compared to the generic HCSW literature. This includes the need to recognise the complexity of bodywork and the interactional skills required when supporting activities of daily living in the context of behaviour change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) is a trunk block that has been gaining attention for managing postoperative pain following abdominal surgeries since its first report in 2019. We conducted a scoping review on M-TAPA, aiming to comprehensively evaluate existing research, identify the gaps in knowledge, and understand the implications of M-TAPA. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL to evaluate the clinical efficacy of M-TAPA on April 19, 2024. Background and outcomes including anesthetized dermatomes, postoperative pain, opioid consumption, quality of recovery, duration to perform, and plasma local anesthetic concentrations were assessed. All reports involving patients, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case series, and case reports regarding M-TAPA, were included without language or age restrictions. The included studies were analyzed based on their methodology and clinical relevance. Results: Anesthetized dermatomes were mainly observed in anterior cutaneous branch T7–11. Lateral cutaneous branch T8–10 also anesthetized; however, the probability was lower than anterior cutaneous branch area. M-TAPA has been investigated mostly in laparoscopic cholecystectomy; although its potential to outperform non-block and wound infiltration has been suggested, it did not clearly outperform the transversus abdominis plane block. Conclusions: M-TAPA may be considered a promising technique for postoperative pain management in upper abdominal laparoscopic surgeries. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and broader surgical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo examine the effects of leisure participation on mental health for middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities.A systematic review conducted in March–May 2022 with an updated search in February 2024 retrieved data from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria included a study population with a mean age ≥45 years and with physical disability, and original, peer-reviewed literature. Exclusion criteria included non-community-dwelling participants, participants outside the specified age range, review studies, intervention studies not focused on leisure or intrinsically motivated activities, and studies without full text. The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence, NIH study quality assessment tool, and Cochrane ROBINS-I tools were used to assess the evidence strength and the risk of bias. A data extraction table was created to analyze and synthesize the results.Eleven articles with 18,681 total participants were thoroughly reviewed. Most studies were longitudinal survey, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. Evidence indicates that leisure participation benefits mental health (depression, anxiety, happiness, and well-being) and other health-related outcomes.Findings should be interpreted with caution due to lack of high-level evidence. Future research should consider alternative study designs in addition to RCTs to better capture the individualized nature of leisure activities.Leisure participation is an excellent candidate and should be encouraged for health promotion in middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilitiesDue to the inherently individualized nature of leisure activities, conducting RCTs, with their required standardization, may not be feasible.Future high-quality observational studies can provide stronger evidence for using leisure activities to improve mental health for this cohort.Leisure participation is an excellent candidate and should be encouraged for health promotion in middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilitiesDue to the inherently individualized nature of leisure activities, conducting RCTs, with their required standardization, may not be feasible.Future high-quality observational studies can provide stronger evidence for using leisure activities to improve mental health for this cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction. Objective: This study aims to study fatal DRESS cases using FAERS database and systematic review. Methods: Data of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database were extracted and manipulated. Articles from Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL databases were screened. Results: 0.13% of the adverse events submitted to FAERS was identified as DRESS and the percentage of fatal cases was up to 6.62%. The top five drugs calculated to induce DRESS with the highest number of reported cases were allopurinol, lamotrigine, vancomycin, amoxicillin and carbamazepine. The top five drugs statistically related to fatal outcome with the highest number of reported cases were allopurinol, vancomycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and lamotrigine. Skin manifestations remained the main reason for admission and the average time from dose to rash onset was 27.19 days. The most commonly cited culprit medication type were antibiotics (50.00%), anti-gout agents (15.38%) and anti-epileptic drug (11.54%). Conclusions: We discussed fatal cases of DRESS through FAERS system and case reports, hoping to raise awareness when using relevant drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research increasingly supports the role of electronic health technology in improving cognitive function. However, individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia often show low compliance with electronic health technology. To understand the barriers and facilitators for this group, this study was conducted. Methods: This study used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) umbrella review method, searching relevant English articles in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL from inception to May 2023. Two researchers independently selected articles based on predefined criteria, assessed study quality using Meta-QAT and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), and determined confidence in the evidence using GRADE-CERQual. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was employed to analyze factors related to electronic health technology, and Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) were used to develop implementation strategies. Results: This study included 21 reviews, covering 535 primary studies, identifying 13 factors. The three most impactful factors on engagement were Perceived Behavioral Control, Relative Advantage, and Social Factors. Six implementation strategies were formulated based on BCT: enhancing targeted approaches, adapting to existing contexts, involving care organizations, accommodating family involvement, accessing virtual community resources, and recognizing patient variability. Conclusions: This umbrella review underscores the need for a multi-level stakeholder approach and a holistic perspective in developing targeted implementation strategies. Using the UTAUT framework, key influential factors have been identified, offering valuable insights for future interventions and enhancing participation in electronic health interventions. Registration: This study was registered with the PROSPERO (CRD42023429410). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Design Methods Data Sources Results Conclusion Implications for Professional Practice Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To present a conceptual definition of transnational healthcare in the context of migrant older adults.This article follows the Walker and Avant concept analysis framework to conduct an in‐depth analysis of transnational healthcare.Databases were searched for scholarly articles using keywords associated with transnational healthcare. The DistillerSR software was employed to screen articles for inclusion in the concept analysis. Titles and abstracts of 390 articles were screened with 50 identified for full‐text screening. Thirty‐seven articles were included to inform the concept analysis.Social Science Citation Index (Clarivate), PsycInfo and CINAHL databases. Search dates: March–May 2024.Defining attributes of the concept include cultural comfort and alignment, perceived quality and trust, integration barriers and experiences of discrimination, use of digital platforms and informal networks, challenges navigating host country health systems. Cases, antecedents, consequences, empirical referents and cultural considerations were used to shape a conceptual definition of transnational healthcare.Transnational healthcare is defined as a practice involving those living outside of their country of origin seeking healthcare from that country of origin through physical or other means.This conceptual definition highlights the importance of understanding healthcare access, quality and continuity of care across national borders.This study addresses gaps in available literature regarding transnational healthcare and its impacts on treatment outcomes, healthcare satisfaction and continuity of care in migrant communities.This article adheres to the PRISMA (2020) reporting guidelines for systematic reviews.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide 56·8 million people need palliative care (PC), and Africa shows the highest demand. This study updates the 2017 review of African PC development, using a scoping review methodology based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The review was conducted across PUBMED, CINAHL, Embase, government websites, and the African PC Association Atlas, from 2017 to 2023, charting its progress using the new WHO framework for PC Development, which, in addition to Services, Education, Medicines, and Policies, two new dimensions were incorporated: Research and Empowerment of people and Communities. Of the 4.420 records, 118 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed increased adult specialised services (n = 675), and 15 of 54 countries have paediatric services. Nonetheless, the ratio of services per population mostly remains under 0,10 per 100.000 inhabitants. PC education was included in undergraduate curricula in 29 countries; despite the rise in morphine availability (28 countries), median consumption remains under 3 mg/per capita/year, and 14 countries presented stand-alone policies. Publications on PC development increased, and 26 countries have National PC Associations. Notwithstanding progress since 2017, significant hurdles remain, highlighting the need for ongoing research and policy development to ensure equitable access to palliative care in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous studies that measure satisfaction in patients undergoing chiropractic care, these have not yet been systematically summarized. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of existing literature to identify factors that contribute to high levels of satisfaction in chiropractic care. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies exploring patient experience with chiropractic care. Forty-three studies were included in the review. The findings showed that patient satisfaction was consistently high in comparison to other professions. The review identified key factors that contribute to patient experience, which were not limited to clinical outcomes, but also the clinical interaction and clinician attributes. The findings of this review provide a core insight into patient experience, identifying both positive and negative experiences not just within chiropractic care but in the wider healthcare sector. Further work should explore factors that impact patient satisfaction and how this understanding may further improve healthcare to enhance patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Muscular atrophy often can be seen at the end of stage in many chronic diseases. It will also negatively influence patients' outcomes. Different studies showed that the association between muscular atrophy and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was unclear. This study will continue to assess the influence of muscular atrophy on mortality in patients with COPD. Objectives: To systematically evaluate the association between muscular atrophy and death in patients with COPD. Design: Systematic review. Methods and data sources: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the China Biomedical Literature Service System, China Biomedical Literature Service System (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang database, and the WeiPu (VIP) were systematically searched for cohort studies on muscular atrophy and COPD from inception to July 1st, 2023. Two reviewers independently review, assess, and extract data from the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Thirteen cohort studies were ultimately included, involving 10,528 patients with COPD. There were seven cohort studies included in the meta-analysis, including 3,458 COPD patients. The meta-analysis showed that patients with COPD combined with muscular atrophy had a higher mortality risk (HR = 2.20, 95%CI (1.74, 2.79), p < 0.00001). At the same time, patients with COPD who had muscular atrophy may had longer hospital stays. Conclusion: Muscular atrophy is associated with the mortality and disease prognosis of patients with COPD. The conclusion needs to be supported and validated by more high-quality studies given the limitation of the number of articles included in this study. Trial registration: This systematic review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42024589435). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is common among patients who have completed their cancer treatment. Although low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been explored as a treatment option for BCRL, we could not find a regimen that is more effective than others. This meta-analysis aimed to organize existing research and determine the optimal combination of LLLT parameters for BCRL treatment. Studies were collected from four online databases: Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, and Cinahl. The collected studies were reviewed by two of the authors. We focused on the aspects of the treatment area, treatment regimen, and total treatment sessions across the included studies. The comparisons between LLLT and non-LLLT were performed through a meta-analysis. Post-treatment QOL was significantly better in the axillary group. The group treated "three times/week with a laser density of 1.5–2 J/cm2" had significantly better outcomes in terms of swelling reduction, both immediately post-treatment and at 1–3 months follow-ups. The group with > 15 treatment sessions had significantly better post-treatment outcomes regarding reduced swelling and improved grip strength. According to these results, LLLT can relieve the symptoms of BCRL by reducing limb swelling and improving QOL. Further exploration found that a treatment approach targeting the axilla, combined with an increased treatment frequency, appropriate laser density, and extended treatment course, yielded better outcomes. However, further rigorous, large-scale studies, including long-term follow-up, are needed to substantiate this regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While balanced blood component therapy (BCT) is pivotal in trauma patient damage control resuscitation in well-resourced settings, disasters, and mass casualty incidents (MCIs) pose significant challenges, especially in securing sufficient access to blood products. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the utilization of fresh whole blood (FWB) transfusion as a potential alternative to BCT, informing future research and clinical strategies. Methods: We searched Pubmed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and grey literature for articles identifying FWB transfusions, limited to those published in English or French. We evaluated the outcomes of post-FWB transfusion and conducted a meta-analysis comparing overall mortality in patients receiving FWB in addition to BCT during damage control resuscitation with those receiving BCT or single blood components alone. Results: Of the 4830 studies identified, only 74 articles met all the eligibility criteria; the majority of them were conducted in military contexts. Mortality was lower among the FWB group compared to the BCT alone group, with a pooled OR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38—0.98) overall, and a pooled OR of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25—0.87) among studies adjusting for confounders. FWB transfusion related complications rarely occurred. Conclusions: While FWB shows potential as an alternative to BCT for managing severe haemorrhagic shock in disasters and MCIs, additional research is essential to validate FWB's efficacy before considering it as a standard approach in civilian scenarios. Further studies focusing on the feasibility of implementing FWB in civilian contexts are also warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this scoping review is to investigate psychological interventions developed, evaluated, and considered for patients with delirium in intensive care units (ICU). Data will be extracted from sources of evidence that address interventions for delirium-related distress and/or cognitive impairments in the adult ICU population, suitable for delivery by or under the supervision of a psychological practitioner. ICU delirium is a common and impactful condition that adversely affects patient outcomes, including prolonged hospitalisation and deteriorating mental health. Despite its significance, it remains poorly understood. Addressing the psychological impact of delirium is crucial for improving both short- and long-term psychological outcomes in ICU patients. However, current non-pharmacological interventions often fail to consider this issue. The inclusion criteria encompass psychological interventions for critically ill adults that directly impact their thoughts, feelings, behaviour and/or cognition. Additionally, interventions involving relatives and multi-component non-pharmacological approaches will be considered. The databases Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL Plus will be searched, covering literature from 1990 to the present. We chose 1990 as the earliest time point for searches because psychological input in ICUs began globally around 2000, with notable expansion in the past decade. Reference lists from identified articles will be hand-searched and PsycEXTRA (Ovid) and WorldCat.org will be searched for grey literature. Relevant information will be extracted and reported using a PRISMA flow diagram, characteristics and frequency table as well as narrative descriptions. This review aims to collate evidence to guide the development and evaluation of new psychological interventions to address delirium in the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delirium is a severe neuropsychiatric illness that occurs frequently in intensive care and postoperative units which results in prolonged hospital stays and increases patient's mortality and morbidity rates. This review focused on accumulating the common key proteomic signatures significantly associated with delirium. We carried out a systematic literature review of studies on delirium proteomic biomarkers published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2023 from the following electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost (CINAHL, Medline). A total of 1746 studies were identified and reviewed, and 78 studies were included in our review. The PRISMA guidelines, the PEO framework, and JBI quality assessment method were followed in this review to maintain the inclusion and exclusion criteria and risk of bias assessment. Most of the included studies were of the cohort (68%) and case-control (23%) design. We have accumulated a total of 313 proteins or gene encoded proteins of which 189 were unique. Among the unique proteins, we focused on the top 13 most investigated proteins (IL-6, CRP, IL-8, S100B, IL-10, TNF-a, IL-1b, Cortisol, MCP-1, GFAP, IGF-1, IL-1ra, and NFL) that are significantly associated with delirium. Most of these are cytokines and inflammatory proteins indicating a strong interconnection with delirium. There was remarkable inconsistency among the studies in reporting the specific potential proteomic biomarker. No single proteomic biomarker can be solely used to diagnose and predict delirium. The current review provides a rationale for further molecular investigation of delirium-related proteomic biomarkers. Also, it's recommended to conduct further in-depth molecular research to decipher drug target biomolecules for potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic development against delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following surgery. Electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA), transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), and cognitive training (CT) can effectively maintain or improve the postoperative cognitive function of patients. However, it remains unclear which therapy is the most effective. Therefore, this network meta-analysis aims to compare and rank the efficacy of these non-pharmacological therapies for POCD to identify the optimal therapy. Methods and analysis: A systematic search will be conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, AMED, and PsycINFO) for articles published between January 2000 and November 2023. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection and data extraction. The primary outcome will be the changes in the overall cognitive function before and after the intervention. The secondary outcome will be the incidence of POCD. The risk of bias will be assessed using the revised Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses will be performed using RevMan, STATA, and Aggregate Data Drug Information System statistical software. Additionally, the quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines. Ethics and dissemination: The results will be disseminated to peer-reviewed journals or conferences. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023454028. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Methods Data Source Results Conclusions Implication for Nursing Practice Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To conduct a concept analysis of evidence‐based leadership in a nursing context.Rodgers' evolutionary method was employed to identify attributes, antecedents, consequences, definitions and surrogate and related terms.We systematically searched three databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Scopus) for relevant publications. The databases were searched from their inception to 4 February 2024.We included 12 papers published between 2005 and 2022. The attributes include leadership attributes (personality, developing common goals and visions and influencing others) and evidence‐based attributes (valuing evidence‐based practice, integrating evidence and adapting evidence). The antecedents include individual internal factors (commitment to growth and proficiency in implementation science) and individual external factors (growing need for evidence‐based practice, training support and available resources), while the consequences are personal growth, organisational benefit and disciplinary development. Based on the concept analysis, evidence‐based leadership can be defined as a process whereby individuals, based on their personality and values towards evidence‐based practices, integrate the best evidence into practice, adapt the evidence integration process based on evaluations and influence others towards achieving a common goal and vision.This concept analysis enhances our understanding of evidence‐based leadership, guiding nurses to integrate evidence into their leadership practices to achieve specific goals and visions within the healthcare context. Future studies could consider developing instruments to evaluate evidence‐based leadership based on this refined concept, ultimately promoting nurses' leadership competencies in real‐world settings.This concept analysis not only raises awareness of the responsibilities of nurses as healthcare professionals, including the provision of evidence‐based practice, but also facilitates their effective execution of these responsibilities. Empowering nurses to actively incorporate evidence into their leadership practices can further enhance the quality of healthcare delivery.Not applicable.Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Method Data Source Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution Trial Registration The aim of this study is to synthesise literature on specialised nursing career frameworks to inform the development of an aged care nursing career framework.An integrative review was conducted.The review followed Whittemore and Knafl's five‐step integrative review method. To appraise the quality of the studies, the Quality Appraisal for Diverse Studies tool for peer‐reviewed articles and the ACCODS (Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, and Significance) checklist for grey literature were used. Data were extracted and synthesised using the constant comparison method.The electronic databases of CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were searched to identify peer‐reviewed articles and grey literature reporting on specialised nursing career frameworks for registered nurses.Eight studies were reviewed, and the findings were presented corresponding to each of the three research questions of the review. First, the research methods adopted to develop specialised nursing career frameworks were described based on the research design, stakeholder involvement and data collection methods. Second, the key elements of specialised nursing career frameworks were identified as career pathways, nursing competencies and roles and progression between the career levels. Third, the findings suggested that the key purposes for developing specialised nursing career frameworks are to improve professional development, recruitment and retention and to promote consistency and quality in nursing practice.The study highlights a significant gap in the evidence base of career frameworks for registered nurses in aged care, emphasising the need for future research. This review answered three research questions: methods for developing specialised nursing career frameworks, their key components and main purposes, providing insights to guide healthcare organisations and researchers. The findings indicate that career frameworks are primarily intended to promote knowledge and skills development and may also to bolster recruitment and retention rates, and support nurses' career advancement, but there is limited evidence on implementation, evaluation and sustainability.The findings will guide healthcare organisations and future researchers with methods and techniques to develop specialised nursing career frameworks. Implementing a specialised nursing career framework in aged care could enhance continuous professional development, recruitment, retention and career progression among nurses.Nursing career frameworks have been widely applied to address professional development and retention objectives. However, there is limited evidence available to formulate a career framework for registered nurses working in aged care. The review identified the research methods adopted to develop specialised nursing career frameworks along with the key elements of specialised nursing career frameworks. These findings will guide employers and future researchers in developing evidence‐based aged‐care nursing career frameworks. Additionally, the findings will guide registered nurses in using career frameworks as a tool to facilitate career advancement and competency development. Furthermore, the review recognised the key purposes for developing specialised nursing career frameworks, suggesting that the meaningful adoption of career frameworks could be utilised as a strategic approach for enhancing retention and workforce development of the aged care workforce.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used for reporting.No patient or public contribution.The integrative review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews database (registration no: CRD42022354728) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with disabilities often incur higher costs for healthcare, due to higher needs, greater indirect costs, and the need for services not offered by the public system. Yet, people with disabilities are more likely to experience poverty and so have reduced capacity to pay. Health insurance is an important social protection strategy to meet healthcare needs and avoid catastrophic expenditures for this group. This systematic review synthesized evidence on health insurance coverage and potential effects among people with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA Guidelines. We searched English peer-reviewed articles from nine databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PsyInfo, Global Health, and Econlit) from January 2000 to 24 January 2023. Two independent reviewers conducted the article selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using NIH Guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they quantitatively assessed at least one of four key outcomes amongst people with disabilities: health insurance coverage/access, the association between health insurance and health care utilization, financial protection, or health status/outcome. Narrative synthesis was deployed due to high variety of outcome measurements. Results: Out of 8,545 records retrieved and three from hand search, 38 studies covering data from 51 countries met the eligibility criteria. Over two-thirds (68.4%) focused on access/coverage, which was generally limited amongst people with disabilities. Seventeen studies (44.7%) examined healthcare utilization, with a positive association (9/12) found between health insurance and the use of disability-related services. However, its association with general healthcare utilization (5 studies) remained inconclusive. Financial protection, explored by six studies (15.8%), similarly yielded inconclusive results. Only four studies (10.5%) reported on health status, and the findings suggest a favourable association of health insurance with self-reported health among people with disabilities (2/4), despite the limited number of high-quality studies. Conclusions: There is considerable variability and limited evidence regarding health insurance coverage and its potential impact among individuals with disabilities in LMICs. This gap highlights the pressing need for further evaluations of health insurance, with a specific focus on people with disabilities, aligning with the broader goal of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42023389533. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the current era of rapid technological development, digital technology is progressively transforming the medical field. In palliative care, its integration is an inevitable trend, offering new possibilities for improving care delivery and patient outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to review the application of digital technologies in palliative care, focusing on their advantages, challenges, and measurable impacts across diverse care settings. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, evaluating studies published between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2024. Searches were performed across PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Original studies assessing digital interventions within palliative care settings were included. Data extraction included study design, sample size, setting, intervention type, and outcomes. Methodological quality was appraised using appropriate tools for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized studies, mixed-methods studies, and qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers conducted the data extraction and quality appraisal, resolving disagreements through discussion. Results: Twenty-four studies were included, examining digital technologies such as computer systems, virtual reality (VR), and wearable devices. Key interventions supported information provision, symptom monitoring, psychological support, and communication feedback. Digital tools demonstrated positive impacts on pain management, symptom distress, quality of life, and patient acceptability. Despite methodological strengths in most studies, limitations such as small sample sizes and inconsistent outcome measures were noted. Conclusion: Digital technologies in palliative care demonstrate significant potential to improve patients' quality of life and alleviate symptom burden through remote monitoring, real-time feedback, and personalized interventions. These innovations address limitations of the traditional biomedical model, enhancing the accessibility and overall quality of palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]