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IMPORTANCE: Antisocial behavior (ASB) places a large burden on perpetrators, survivors, and society. Twin studies indicate that half of the variation in this trait is genetic. Specific causal genetic variants have, however, not been identified. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of ASB; to identify novel genetic risk variants, genes, or biological pathways; to test for pleiotropic associations with other psychiatric traits; and to reevaluate the candidate gene era data through the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Genome-wide association data from 5 large population-based cohorts and 3 target samples with genome-wide genotype and ASB data were used for meta-analysis from March 1, 2014, to May 1, 2016. All data sets used quantitative phenotypes, except for the Finnish Crime Study, which applied a case-control design (370 patients and 5850 control individuals). MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: This study adopted relatively broad inclusion criteria to achieve a quantitative measure of ASB derived from multiple measures, maximizing the sample size over different age ranges. RESULTS: The discovery samples comprised 16 400 individuals, whereas the target samples consisted of 9381 individuals (all individuals were of European descent), including child and adult samples (mean age range, 6.7-56.1 years). Three promising loci with sex-discordant associations were found (8535 female individuals, chromosome 1: rs2764450, chromosome 11: rs11215217; 7772 male individuals, chromosome X, rs41456347). Polygenic risk score analyses showed prognostication of antisocial phenotypes in an independent Finnish Crime Study (2536 male individuals and 3684 female individuals) and shared genetic origin with conduct problems in a population-based sample (394 male individuals and 431 female individuals) but not with conduct disorder in a substance-dependent sample (950 male individuals and 1386 female individuals) (R2 = 0.0017 in the most optimal model, P = 0.03). Significant inverse genetic correlation of ASB with educational attainment (r = -0.52, P = .005) was detected. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium entails the largest collaboration to date on the genetic architecture of ASB, and the first results suggest that ASB may be highly polygenic and has potential heterogeneous genetic effects across sex.

Distinguishes three types of communication channels -- the mass media, inter-personal channels, and the local media -- and, using data gathered in El Salvador, places each of the three types in a structural model involving antecedent demographic considerations and consequent variables measuring participation in the adoption process. (Author/JM)

MBA Professional Report The purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of resilience in U.S. Navy recruits as they go through basic training. We seek to examine factors that contribute to higher or lower levels of resiliency. This study surveyed 299 U.S. Navy recruits to measure resilience and its constructs at four time intervals to examine relationships, trends, and any significant changes. This project used quantitative analysis techniques to surface factors relevant to increasing resiliency. Our results provide insight to increases in resilience trends and a path model, which investigates causation. Resilience trends demonstrate the possibility to increase resilience capacity through external factors. The important takeaway is we believe results further affirm that resilience may be learned and is not entirely a personality trait. Additionally, a path model found leadership moderated through cohesion and identification can positively impact division resilience. Our results also provide insight for recommended interventions that will focus on leadership, cohesion, and positive framing to increase the resilience capacity of new recruits. We feel that building resilience is essential to producing Sailors that are always ready to execute the Navy’s mission. http://archive.org/details/aninquiryintores1094547910 Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.