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201. Effects of different of salt-reducing formulas on the quality characteristics of clam sausage

Author

Bu Ying, Xu Wenting, Zhu Wenhui, Li Xuepeng, and Su Laijin

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In this paper, Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus and Nemipterus virgatus surimi were used as raw materials, and the effects of different salt-reducing formulas on the characteristics of low-sodium clam meat sausage was studied. The results showed that there was not significantly different in texture properties (except T1) and gel properties among each groups, and the groups treated with 50% KCl instead of 50% NaCl significantly decreased the sodium content. The addition of lysine, F1 (atmospheric clam enzymatic hydrolysate lyophilized powder), F2 (ultrahigh pressure clam enzymatic hydrolysate lyophilized powder) and MRPF1 (Maillard Reaction products of F1) increased the sensory acceptance, taste perception and decreased bitterness, astringency. On the premise of adding F1, F2 and MRPF1, it is feasible to add 50% KCl instead of 50% NaCl in clam sausage. The results demonstrated that adding MRPF1 can better improve people’s salty perception, reduce the amount of sodium and increase delicate flavor in clam meat sausages.

Published
2020
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202. Preparation of nano-TiO2 composite photocatalytic material and its degradation performance on aldehydes

Author

Lv Yanan, Li Tao, Zhao Honglei, Li Xuepeng, Bu Ying, and Xu Yongxia

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Chitosan-TiO2 photocatalytic composite was prepared using anatase nano-TiO2 and edible chitosan. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the structure of the composites. The photocatalytic degradation performance of the composites was studied by constructing a simulation system. The stability of the combination between chitosan and TiO2 in the composite can be confirmed by the results of FT-IR, UV-vis and SEM. The composite had a good photocatalytic degradation effect. When the addition amount of chitosan-TiO2 was 0.4%, the degradation efficiency of heptanal, octanal, (E)-2-heptenal and (E)-2-octenal reached the highest values of 83.82%, 81.73%, 96.33% and 93.36%, respectively.

Published
2020
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203. Exploration on Talent Cultivation Pattern of Industrial Design through perspective of Cross-border Thinking

Author

Li Jing, Dai Yuze, Gao Honghe, and Bu Yiding

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

This article discusses the study of integrating cross-border thinking into talent cultivating pattern of industrial design, which breaks the traditional talent cultivation pattern system of industrial design and carries out a research from the following three aspects: making training plans, creating cross curricular group among college and department associations, building a cross-border team of teachers. By this way, it can achieve interdisciplinary teaching and practical guidance, and construct the mode of talent cultivating with “cross-border” philosophy as the main body. The colleges, who carry on the reform of teaching pattern of industrial design with a cross-border way, expand the innovation vision of teachers and students, meet the demand for personnel in the employment market, improve the innovation ability of university students, and increase the employment rate of graduates and employer satisfaction level.

Published
2020
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204. Influence of industrial design on competitiveness of enterprise product

Author

Bu Yiding and Li Jiajun

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

With the continuous improvement of industrial technology in the world and the intense competition in the marketing of globalization, the demand for diversified and complex products from enterprises provides an opportunity for research and development of industrial design. By tapping its trends and development prospects from a variety of angles, it recognized the significance of industrial design to the competitiveness of enterprise product more in-depth. This article puts forward to the necessity and importance of industrial design for the competitiveness of the enterprise products, in order to provide the theory basis for enterprise products about how to combine industrial design to improve competitiveness.

Published
2020
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205. A novel remote plasma sputtering technique for depositing high-performance optical thin films

Author

Bu, Y. K., Liu, Z., Dutson, J. D., Thwaites, M. J., Chen, N., and Cai, Z. P.

Abstract

This paper describes a novel remote plasma sputtering technique for depositing optical thin films. This technology is based on generating intensive plasma remotely from the target and then magnetically steering the plasma to the target to realize the sputter deposition. It overcomes several of inherent limitations in conventional sputtering techniques and realizes the fully uniform erosion over the surface of the target and less target poison. This allows a uniform reaction in the plasma phase when performing reactive sputtering, leading to the formation and deposition of material with a uniform stoichiometry and gives pseudo-independence of target current and voltage. This pseudo-independence offers a great deal of flexibility with regard to the control of growth conditions and film properties, the benefits include control of stress, very low deposition rates for ultra thin films. By remote reactive sputtering, dense metal-oxide optical thin films (SiO2, Ta2O5, Nb2O5) with a high deposition rate, excellent optical properties are achieved. High process stability shows an excellent time terminating accuracy for multilayer coating thickness control. Typically, thin film thickness control to <±1% is accomplished simply using time. The multilayer coating, including anti-reflection, dichroic mirror and 2m laser mirrors are presented.

Published
2010
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206. Theoretical Studies for the Structural Properties and Electron Transfer Reactivity of C<INF>4</INF>H<INF>5</INF>N/C<INF>4</INF>H<INF>5</INF>N<SUP>+</SUP> Coupling System

Author

Sun, Q., Bu, Y., and Qin, M.

Abstract

The geometries and vibrational frequencies of pyrrole, pyrrole cation, and their corresponding encounter complexes have been determined using density functional theory (DFT) and/or ab initio methods with 6-31G* and/or 6-311+G* basis sets. Optimizations indicate that there are three stable complex modes. One mode has the ring−ring parallel contact (face−face) and each N atom in two rings is vertically over the center of another ring (complex 1). In the second mode (complex 2), two rings are also parallel, but they are directly contacted by only one N−C bond in each ring (side-side). The third mode (complex 3) is H−bond mode, in which the N−H of one pyrrole ring is nearly collinearly directed to the N center of another pyrrole ring and two rings are perpendicular to each other. For three-encounter complexes, their main bond lengths are between those of the pyrrole and those of the pyrrole cation. The character contact distances are 2.754 Å (C3···C13), 2.727 Å (C3···C12), and 2.632 Å (N1···H16) at the B3P86/6-31G* level, respectively. The stabilization energies of the three encounter complexes are calculated to be 21.4 (complex 1), 20.2 (complex 2), and 15.9 (complex 3) kcal/mol at the B3LYP-DFT/6-311+G* level with the correction for BSSE. The inapplicability of DFT methods has been discussed in predicting the energy curves, especially with long contact distance in which the DFT methods give the abnormal behavior for the dissociation of the complexes due to the “inverse symmetry breaking” problem. On the basis of three stable encounter complexes, three coupling modes have been designed by keeping the relative orientation and changing the contact distance for further investigating electron-transfer reactivity. The contact distance dependences of the activation energy, the coupling matrix element, and the electron-transfer rate have also been determined at the MP2/6-31G* level. Electron transfer can occur over a range of encounter distance. For the C4H5N/C4H5N+ coupling system, electron transfer occurs chiefly over a range of contact distances where 2.0&lt; Ra-b &lt;6.0 Å. The most favorable coupling mode to electron transfer is the coupling mode 3, which is related to complex 3. It should be noted that it is not always true that the electron transfer must take place via the most stable encounter complex mechanism. For the C4H5N/C4H5N+ systems, the most stable encounter complex is complex 1, but the most favorable coupling mode for the electron transfer is coupling mode 3, depending on the different contact distance ranges.

Published
2003

207. Bonding and Correlation Analysis of Various SiCO Isomers

Author

Bu, Y. and Han, K.

Abstract

The structural properties for various SiCO isomers in the singlet and triplet states have been investigated using CASSCF methods with a 6-311+G* basis set and also using three DFT and MP2 with same basis set for those systems except for the linear singlet state. The detailed bonding character is discussed, and the state−state correlations and the isomerization mechanism are also determined. Results indicate that there are four different isomers for each spin state, and for all isomers, the triplet state is more stable than the corresponding singlet state. The most stable is the linear SiCO (3∑-) species and may be referred to the ground state. At the CASSCF-MP2(full)/6-311+G* level, the state−state energy separations of the other triplet states relative to the ground state are 43.2 (cyclic), 45.2 (linear SiOC), and 75.6 kcal/mol (linear CSiO), respectively, whereas the triplet−singlet state excitation energies for each configuration are 17.3 (linear SiCO), 2.2 (cyclic SiCO), 10.2 (linear SiOC), and 18.5 kcal/mol (linear CSiO), respectively. SiCO (3∑-) may be classified as silene (carbonylsilene), and its COδ- moiety possesses CO- property. The dissociation energy of the ground state is 42.5 kcal/mol at the CASSCF-MP2(full)/6-311+G* level and falls within a range of 36.5−41.5 kcal/mol at DFT level, and of 23.7−28.9 kcal/mol at the wave function-correlated level, whereas the vertical IP is 188.8 kcal/mol at the CASSCF-MP2(full)/6-311+G* level and is very close to the first IP of Si atom. Three linear isomers (SiCO, SiOC, and CSiO) have similar structural bonding character. SiOC may be referred to the iso-carbonyl Si instead of the aether compound, whereas the CSiO isomer may be considered as the combination of C (the analogue of Si) with SiO (the analogue of CO). The bonding is weak for all linear species, and the corresponding potential energy surfaces are flat, and thus these linear molecules are facile. Another important isomer is of cyclic structure, it may be considered as the combination of CO with Si by the side π bond. This structure has the smallest triplet state−singlet state excitation energy (~2.2 kcal/mol); the C−O bonds are longer, and the corresponding vibrational frequencies are significantly smaller than those of the other linear species. This cyclic species is not classified as an epoxy compound. State−state correlation analysis and the isomerization pathway searches have indicated that there are no direct correlations among three linear structures for each spin state, but they may interchange by experiencing two transition states and one cyclic intermediate. The easiest pathway is to break the Si−O bond to go to the linear SiCO, but its inverse process is very difficult. The most difficult process is to break the C−O bond and to go to the linear CSiO.

Published
2002
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208. Structures and Bonding Character of Ge···CO Weakly Bonding Complexes

Author

Bu, Y. and Cao, Z.

Abstract

The structural properties and the bonding character of the subcarbonyl Ge, GeCO, and Ge(CO)2 in their singlet and triplet states have been investigated using B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, and MP2 methods at 6-311+G* basis set level. Results indicate that GeCO species possesses a 3Σ ground state with a singlet 1Σ excited state above by 17 kcal/mol at CCSD(T)/6-311+G* level. The ground-state GeCO may be classified as carbene-like, and its COδ- moiety possesses CO- character. Formation of GeCO causes the weakening of CO bonding; the produced Ge−C bond is weakly bonding consisting of a weak σ-bond and two weak π-bonds. The calculated dissociation energy is 16.8 kcal/mol at CCSD(T)/6-311+G* level. The corresponding potential well for the bending mode is shallow; therefore, GeCO molecule is easily bent. For Ge(CO)2, there exist two v-type structures for singlet state and one for triplet state; no linear ones are found for either state. The singlet state (1 1A1) is more stable by 24.1 kcal/mol than the 2 1A1 state and by 36.6 kcal/mol than the 3B1 state at CCSD(T)/6-311+G* level; thus it may be considered as the ground state. The bond lengths in the 1 1A1 ground state are very close to those in GeCO species, but the ∠GeCO angle is bent by ~10° and the ∠CGeC angle is only ~76°. The Ge−C bond lengths in the 2 1A1 state are longer by 0.03−0.07 Å than those of the 1 1A1 state, and the ∠GeCO and ∠CGeC angles are 140−144° and 119−125°, being significantly different from those of the ground state. The corresponding triplet state has ~50° of ∠CGeC angle and 162−166° of ∠GeCO angle, but its Ge−C and C−O bonds are longer than those in the 1 1A1 state by ~0.07 and 0.03 Å, respectively. These Ge(CO)2 species have essentially carbene-like character and should be referred to as bicarbonyl carbene-like. Comparison of the CO-dissociating energies between GeCO and Ge(CO)2 in their ground states indicates that the first-CO-dissociating energy of Ge(CO)2 is smaller by ~8.7 kcal/mol than that of GeCO; the averaged one over two COs is also smaller than that of GeCO. Detailed bonding analysis has implied that the possibility is small for the existence of the polycarbonyl Ge with more than two COs. This prediction may be also true for similar carbonyl complexes containing other nonmetal and nontransition metal atoms or clusters. Further study is very necessary.

Published
2002
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217. Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

Author

Aamodt, By, K., Abel, Aq, N., Abeysekara, Bw, U., Abrahantes, Quintana, Ap, A., Abramyan, Dh, A., Adamová, Cg, D., Aggarwal, M. M. y., Aglieri, Rinella, An, G., Agocs, A. G. r., Aguilar, Salazar, Bk, S., Ahammed, Ba, Z., Ahmad, A. b., Ahmad, N. b., Ahn, S. U., Al, Akimoto, Cu, R., Akindinov, Bn, A., Aleksandrov, Bp, D., Alessandro, Cz, B., Alfaro, Molina, Bk, R., Alici, A. m., Almaráz, Aviña, Bk, E., Alme, J. h., Alt, Aq, T., Altini, V. e., Altinpinar, Ae, S., Andrei, C. q., Andronic, Ae, A., Anelli, Angelov, Aq, V., Anson, Aa, C., Antičić, Di, T., Antinori, An, F., Antinori, S. m., Antipin, Aj, K., Antończyk, Aj, D., Antonioli, P. n., Anzo, Bk, A., Aphecetche, Bs, L., Appelshäuser, Aj, H., Arcelli, S. m., Arceo, Arend, Aj, A., Armesto, Cm, N., Arnaldi, Cz, R., Aronsson, Bt, T., Arsene, I. C., By, Asryan, Cs, A., Augustinus, An, A., Averbeck, Ae, R., Awes, T. C., Bv, Äystö, Aw, J., Azmi, M. D. b., Bablok, S. h., Bach, Ai, M., Badalà, A. x., Baek, Y. W., Al, Bagnasco, Cz, S., Bailhache, Bala, Cy, R., Baldisseri, Cj, A., Baldit, A. z., Bán, Bd, J., Barbera, R. w., Barnaföldi, G. G. r., Barnby, L. l., Barret, V. z., Bartke, Ac, J., Barile, F. e., Basile, M. m., Basmanov, Co, V., Bastid, N. z., Bathen, Br, B., Batigne, Bs, G., Batyunya, Ah, B., Baumann, Br, C., Bearden, I. G., Ab, Becker, B. t., Belikov, Ct, I., Bellwied, Ag, R., Belmont, Moreno, Belogianni, A. d., Benhabib, Beole, Cy, S., Berceanu, I. q., Bercuci, Berdermann, Ae, E., Berdnikov, Am, Y., Betev, An, L., Bhasin, Av, A., Bhati, A. K. y., Bianchi, Cy, L., Ak, N., Bianchin, Bz, C., Bielčík, Cb, J., Bielčíková, Cg, J., Bilandzic, A. c., Bimbot, Bx, L., Biolcati, Cy, E., Blanc, A. z., Blanco, F. w., Blanco, Bi, F., Blau, Blume, Aj, C., Boccioli, An, M., Bock, Aa, N., Bogdanov, Bo, A., Bøggild, Ab, H., Bogolyubsky, Cd, M., Bohm, Cq, J., Boldizsár, L. r., Bombara, Bc, M., Bombonati, Bondila, Aw, M., Borel, Cj, H., Borisov, Ax, A., Bortolin, Bose, Az, S., Bosisio, Luciano, Bossú, Cy, F., Botje, M. c., Böttger, Aq, S., Bourdaud, Boyer, Bx, B., Braun, Cs, M., Braun, Munzinger, ae af, P., Bravina, By, L., Bregant, Marco, Breitner, Bruckner, Brun, An, R., Bruna, Bt, E., Bruno, G. E. e., Budnikov, Co, D., Buesching, Buncic, An, P., Busch, Ar, O., Buthelezi, Z. v., Caffarri, Bz, D., Cai, Dg, X., Caines, Bt, H., Calvo, Bf, E., Camacho, Bl, E., Camerini, Paolo, Campbell, Canoa, Roman, An, V., Capitani, G. P., Ak, Cara, Romeo, G. n., Carena, Carena, An, W., Carminati, Casanova, Díaz, Ak, A., Caselle, Castillo, Castellanos, Cj, J., Castillo, Hernandez, J. F., Ae, Catanescu, V. q., Cattaruzza, Enrico, Cavicchioli, An, C., Cerello, Cz, P., Chambert, Bx, V., Chang, Cq, B., Chapeland, An, S., Charpy, Bx, A., Charvet, J. L., Cj, Chattopadhyay, Ba, S., Cherney, Bw, M., Cheshkov, Cheynis, Db, B., Chiavassa, Chibante, Barroso, Chinellato, D. D. u., Chochula, Choi, Cf, K., Chojnacki, Da, M., Christakoglou, Da, P., Christensen, C. H., Ab, Christiansen, Bh, P., Chujo, Cx, T., Chuman, As, F., Cicalo, C. t., Cifarelli, L. m., Cindolo, F. n., Cleymans, J. v., Cobanoglu, Cy, O., Coffin, J. P., Ct, Coli, Colla, Conesa, Balbastre, Ak, G., Conesa del Valle, Bs, Z., Conner, E. S., Df, Constantin, Ar, P., Contin, Giacomo, Contreras, J. G., Bl, Corrales, Morales, Cy, Y., Cormier, T. M., Ag, Cortese, P. a., Cortés, Maldonado, Ce, I., Cosentino, M. R. u., Costa, Cotallo, M. E., Bi, Crescio, Crochet, P. z., Cuautle, Bj, E., Cunqueiro, Ak, L., Cussonneau, Bs, J., Dainese, Ca, A., Dalsgaard, H. H., Ab, Danu, A. p., Das, Az, I., Dash, A. k., Dash, S. k., Barros, De, G. O. V., Cn, Caro, De, Ck, A., Cataldo, De, G. f., Cuveland, De, Aq, J., Falco, De, A. s., Gaspari, De, Ar, M., Groot, De, An, J., Gruttola, De, Ck, D., Marco, De, Cz, N., Pasquale, De, Ck, S., Remigis, De, Rooij, De, Da, R., Vaux, De, G. v., Delagrange, Bs, H., Delgado, Bf, Y., Dellacasa, G. a., Deloff, Dc, A., Demanov, Dénes, E. r., Deppman, Cn, A., D'Erasmo, G. e., Derkach, Cs, D., Devaux, A. z., Bari, Di, D. e., Giglio, Di, C. e., Liberto, Di, Ci, S., Mauro, Di, Nezza, Di, Ak, P., Dialinas, Bs, M., Díaz, Bj, L., Aw, R., Dietel, Br, T., Divià, Djuvsland, Ø. h., Dobretsov, Bp, V., Dobrin, Bh, A., Dobrowolski, Dc, T., Dönigus, Ae, B., Domínguez, Bj, I., Don, D. M. M., At, Dordic, By, O., Dubey, A. K., Ba, Dubuisson, Ducroux, Db, L., Dupieux, P. z., Dutta, Majumdar, A. K., Az, M. R., Ba, Elia, D. f., Emschermann, Ar, D., Enokizono, Bv, A., Espagnon, Estienne, Esumi, Cx, S., Evans, D. l., Evrard, Eyyubova, By, G., Fabjan, C. W., An, Fabris, Ca, D., Faivre, Ao, J., Falchieri, D. m., Fantoni, Fasel, Ae, M., Fateev, Ah, O., Fearick, R. v., Fedunov, Ah, A., Fehlker, D. h., Fekete, V. o., Felea, D. p., Fenton, Olsen, Ab, B., Feofilov, Cs, G., Fernández, Téllez, Ce, A., Ferreiro, E. G., Cm, Ferretti, Cy, A., Ferretti, R. a., Figueredo, M. A. S., Cn, Filchagin, Co, S., Fini, R. f., Fionda, F. M. e., Fiore, E. M. e., Floris, M. s., Fodor, Z. r., Foertsch, S. v., Foka, Ae, P., Fokin, Bp, S., Formenti, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Fragkiadakis, M. d., Frankenfeld, Ae, U., Frolov, Bu, A., Fuchs, An, U., Furano, Furget, Ao, C., Fusco, Girard, Ck, M., Gaardhøje, J. J., Ab, Gadrat, Ao, S., Gagliardi, Cy, M., Gago, Bf, A., Gallio, Ganoti, P. d., Ganti, M. S., Ba, Garabatos, Ae, C., García, Trapaga, Cy, C., Gebelein, Gemme, R. a., Germain, Gheata, Ghidini, B. e., Ghosh, Ba, P., Giraudo, Cz, G., Giubellino, Gladysz, Dziadus, Ac, E., Glasow, Br, R., Glässel, Glenn, Bg, A., Gómez, Jiménez, Ad, R., González, Santos, Ce, H., González, Trueba, L. H., Bk, González, Zamora, Bi, P., Gorbunov, Bw, Y., Gotovac, Cr, S., Gottschlag, Br, H., Grabski, Bk, V., Grajcarek, Ar, R., Grelli, Da, A., Grigoras, Grigoriev, Bo, V., Grigoryan, Ah, S., Grinyov, Ax, B., Grion, Cw, N., Gros, Grosse, Oetringhaus, J. F., An, Grossiord, J. Y., Db, Grosso, Raffaele, Guber, Bm, F., Guernane, Ao, R., Guerra, Bf, C., Guerzoni, B. m., Gulbrandsen, Ab, K., Gulkanyan, Dh, H., Gunji, Cu, T., Gupta, Av, R., Gustafsson, H. A., Bh, Gutbrod, Ae, H., Haaland, Ø. h., Hadjidakis, Bx, C., Haiduc, M. p., Hamagaki, Cu, H., Hamar, G. r., Hamblen, Ay, J., Han, B. H., Cp, Harris, J. W., Bt, Hartig, Aj, M., Harutyunyan, Hasch, Ak, D., Hasegan, D. p., Hatzifotiadou, D. n., Hayrapetyan, Heide, Br, M., Heinz, Bt, M., Helstrup, H. i., Herghelegiu, A. q., Hernández, Herrera, Corral, Bl, G., Herrmann, Ar, N., Hetland, K. F. i., Hicks, Bt, B., Hiei, As, A., Hille, P. T., By, Hippolyte, Ct, B., Horaguchi, As, T., Hori, Cu, Y., Hristov, Hřivnáčová, Bx, I., S. g., Hu, Huang, M. h., Huber, Humanic, T. J., Aa, Hutter, Ai, D., Hwang, D. S., Cp, Ichou, Bs, R., Ilkaev, Co, R., Ilkiv, Dc, I., Inaba, Cx, M., Innocenti, P. G., An, Ippolitov, Bp, M., Irfan, M. b., Ivan, Da, C., Ivanov, Am, V., Iwasaki, Jachołkowski, Jacobs, P. j., Jančurová, Ah, L., Jangal, Ct, S., Janik, R. o., Jena, C. k., Jena, Bq, S., Jirden, Jones, G. T. l., Jones, P. G. l., Jovanović, P. l., Jung, Al, H., Al, W., Jusko, A. l., Kaidalov, A. B., Bn, Kalcher, Kalićák, Bd, P., Kalisky, Kalliokoski, Aw, T., Kalweit, Af, A., Kamal, A. b., Kamermans, Kanaki, K. h., Kang, Al, E., J. H., Cq, Kapitan, Kaplin, Kapusta, Karavichev, Bm, O., Karavicheva, Bm, T., Karpechev, Bm, E., Kazantsev, Bp, A., Kebschull, Aq, U., Keidel, Df, R., Khan, M. M. b., Khan, S. A., Ba, Khanzadeev, Am, A., Kharlov, Cd, Y., Kikola, Dd, D., Kileng, B. i., Kim, D. J., Aw, D. S., Al, D. W., Al, H. N., Al, Cd, J., J. H., Cp, J. S., Al, Al, M., Cq, M., S. H., Al, Cp, S., Cq, Y., Kirsch, Kisel, Aq, I., Kiselev, Bn, S., Kisiel, Aa, A., Klay, J. L., Cl, Klein, Ar, J., Klein, Bösing, Kliemant, Klovning, A. h., Kluge, Knichel, M. L., Ae, Kniege, Aj, S., Koch, Ar, K., Kolevatov, By, R., Kolojvari, Kondratiev, Cs, V., Kondratyeva, Bo, N., Konevskih, Bm, A., Kornać, Kour, R. l., Kowalski, Ac, M., Kox, Kozlov, Bp, K., Kral, Králik, Bd, I., Kramer, Aj, F., Kraus, Af, I., Kravćáková, Bc, A., Krawutschke, Bb, T., Krivda, M. l., Krumbhorn, Krus, Cb, M., Kryshen, Am, E., Krzewicki, M. c., Kucheriaev, Bp, Y., Kuhn, Ct, C., Kuijer, P. G. c., Kumar, L. y., Kumar, N. y., Kupczak, Dd, R., Kurashvili, Dc, P., Kurepin, A. N., Bm, Kuryakin, Co, A., Kushpil, Cg, S., Cg, V., Kutouski, Ah, M., Kvaerno, By, H., Kweon, M. J., Ar, Kwon, Rocca, La, P. w., Lackner, Ladrón de Guevara, Lafage, Lal, Av, C., Lara, Aq, C., Larsen, D. T. h., Laurenti, G. n., Lazzeroni, C. l., Bornec, Le, Bx, Y., Bris, Le, Bs, N., Lee, Cf, H., K. S., Al, S. C., Al, Lefèvre, Bs, F., Lenhardt, Leistam, Lehnert, Aj, J., Lenti, V. f., León, Bk, H., León, Monzón, Ad, I., León, Vargas, Lévai, P. r., X. g., Li, Y. g., Li, Lietava, R. l., Lindal, By, S., Lindenstruth, Lippmann, Lisa, M. A., Aa, Liu, L. h., Loginov, Lohn, Lopez, X. z., López, Noriega, Bx, M., López, Ramírez, Ce, R., López, Torres, Ap, E., Løvhøiden, Lozea Feijo Soares, S. g., Lu, Luettig, Aj, P., Lunardon, Bz, M., Luparello, Cy, G., Luquin, Lutz, J. R., Ct, Dg, K., Bt, R., Madagodahettige, Don, D. M., At, Maevskaya, Mager, Af, M., Mahapatra, D. P. k., Maire, Ct, A., Makhlyueva, An, I., Mal'Kevich, Bn, D., Malaev, Am, M., Malagalage, K. J., Bw, Maldonado, Cervantes, Malek, Malkiewicz, Malzacher, Mamonov, Manceau, L. z., Mangotra, Av, L., Manko, Manso, F. z., Manzari, V. f., Mao, Dg, Y., Mareš, Cc, J., Margagliotti, Giacomo, Margotti, A. n., Marín, Martashvili, Ay, I., Martinengo, Martínez, Hernández, M. I., Ce, Martínez, Davalos, Martínez, García, Maruyama, As, Y., Marzari, Chiesa, Masciocchi, Masera, Masetti, M. m., Masoni, A. t., Massacrier, Mastromarco, M. f., Mastroserio, A. e., Matthews, Z. L. l., Matyja, Ac, A., Mayani, Bj, D., Mazza, Mazzoni, M. A., Ci, Meddi, Ch, F., Menchaca, Rocha, Mendez, Lorenzo, Meoni, Mercado, Pérez, Mereu, Miake, Cx, Y., Michalon, Miftakhov, Am, N., Milano, Milosevic, By, J., Minafra, F. e., Mischke, Mićkowiec, Ae, D., Mitu, C. p., Mizoguchi, As, K., Mlynarz, Ag, J., Mohanty, Ba, B., Molnar, L. r., Mondal, M. M., Ba, Montaño, Zetina, Bl, L., Monteno, Cz, M., Montes, Bi, E., Morando, Moretto, Bz, S., Morsch, Moukhanova, Bp, T., Muccifora, Ak, V., Mudnic, Cr, E., Muhuri, Müller, An, H., Munhoz, M. G., Cn, Munoz, Ce, J., Musa, Musso, Cz, A., Nandi, B. K., Bq, Nania, R. n., Nappi, E. f., Navach, F. e., Navin, S. l., Nayak, T. K., Ba, Nazarenko, Nazarov, Co, G., Nedosekin, Nendaz, Db, F., Newby, Bg, J., Nianine, Nicassio, M. f., Nielsen, B. S., Ab, Nikolaev, Nikolic, Di, V., Nikulin, Nilsen, B. S., Bw, Nilsson, M. S., By, Noferini, F. n., Nomokonov, Ah, P., Nooren, Da, G., Novitzky, Aw, N., Nyatha, Bq, A., Nygaard, Ab, C., Nyiri, By, A., Nystrand, J. h., Ochirov, Odyniec, G. j., Oeschler, Af, H., Oinonen, Okada, Cu, K., Oldenburg, Oleniacz, Dd, J., Oppedisano, Cz, C., Orsini, Cj, F., Ortiz, Velasquez, Bj, A., Ortona, Oskarsson, Osmic, Österman, Bh, L., Ostrowski, Dd, P., Otterlund, Bh, I., Otwinowski, Ae, J., Øvrebekk, G. h., Oyama, Ozawa, Pachmayer, Ar, Y., Pachr, Padilla, Pagano, Ck, P., Paić, Bj, G., Painke, Aq, F., Pajares, Cm, C., Pal, S. K., Ba, Palaha, A. l., Palmeri, A. x., Panse, Aq, R., Papikyan, Dh, V., Pappalardo, G. S. x., Park, W. J., Ae, Pastirćák, Bd, B., Pastore, C. f., Paticchio, V. f., Pavlinov, Ag, A., Pawlak, Dd, T., Peitzmann, Da, T., Pepato, Pereira, Peressounko, Pérez, Perini, An, D., Perrino, D. e., Peryt, Dd, W., Peschek, Pesci, A. n., Peskov, Bj, V., Pestov, Bu, Y., Peters, A. J., An, Petráćek, Cb, V., Petridis, A. d., Petris, M. q., Petrov, P. l., Petrovici, M. q., Petta, C. w., Peyré, Bx, J., Piano, Stefano, Piccotti, Pikna, M. o., Pillot, Bs, P., Pinazza, O. n., Pinsky, At, L., Pitz, Aj, N., Piuz, Platt, R. l., Pćoskoć, M. j., Pluta, Pocheptsov, Ah, T., Pochybova, S. r., Podesta, Lerma, P. L. M., Ad, Poggio, Poghosyan, M. G., Cy, Polák, Cc, K., Polichtchouk, Cd, B., Polozov, Bn, P., Polyakov, Pommeresch, B. h., Pop, A. q., Posa, F. e., Pospíšil, Potukuchi, Av, B., Pouthas, Prasad, Preghenella, R. m., Prino, Cz, F., Pruneau, C. A., Ag, Pshenichnov, Bm, I., Puddu, G. s., Pujahari, Bq, P., Pulvirenti, A. w., Punin, Putiš, Putschke, Bt, J., Quercigh, An, E., Rachevski, Cw, A., Rademakers, Radomski, Ar, S., Räihä, T. S., Aw, Rak, Rakotozafindrabe, Ramello, L. a., Ramírez, Reyes, Bl, A., Rammler, Raniwala, Au, R., Au, S., Räsänen, S. S., Aw, Rashevskaya, Cw, I., Rath, S. k., Read, K. F., Ay, Real, J. S., Ao, Redlich, Dc, K., Renfordt, Aj, R., Reolon, A. R., Ak, Reshetin, Rettig, Revol, J. P., An, Reygers, Br, K., Ricaud, Riccati, Cz, L., Ricci, R. A., Be, Richter, M. h., Riedler, Riegler, Riggi, F. w., Rivetti, Rodriguez, Cahuantzi, Ce, M., Røed, K. i., Röhrich, Román, López, Ce, S., Romita, R. e., Ronchetti, Ak, F., Rosinskỳ, Rosnet, P. z., Rossegger, Rossi, Cv, A., Roukoutakis, Rousseau, Bx, S., Roy, Bs, C., Az, P., Rubio, Montero, A. J., Bi, Rui, Rinaldo, Rusanov, Ar, I., Russo, Ck, G., Ryabinkin, Bp, E., Rybicki, Sadovsky, Cd, S., Šafaćík, An, K., Sahoo, Bz, R., Saini, Ba, J., Saiz, Sakata, Cx, D., Salgado, C. A., Cm, Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, Salur, S. j., Samanta, Ba, T., Sambyal, Av, S., Samsonov, Šándor, Bd, L., Sandoval, Sano, Cu, S., Santo, Santoro, R. e., Sarkamo, Saturnini, P. z., Scapparone, E. n., Scarlassara, Bz, F., Scharenberg, R. P., De, Schiaua, C. q., Schicker, Schindler, Schmidt, H. R., Ae, Schossmaier, Schreiner, Schuchmann, Schukraft, Schutz, Bs, Y., Schwarz, Ae, K., Schweda, Scioli, G. m., Scomparin, Cz, E., Scott, P. A. l., Segato, Bz, G., Semenov, Senyukov, S. a., Seo, Al, J., Serci, S. s., Serkin, Serradilla, Sevcenco, A. p., Sgura, I. e., Shabratova, Ah, G., Shahoyan, Sharkov, Bn, G., Sharma, N. y., Sharma, Shigaki, Shimomura, Shtejer, Ap, K., Sibiriak, Siciliano, Sicking, Siddi, E. t., Siemiarczuk, Silenzi, A. m., Silvermyr, Bv, D., Simili, Da, E., Simonetti, G. e., Singaraju, Ba, R., Singh, Singhal, Ba, V., Sinha, B. C., Ba, Az, T., Sitar, B. o., Sitta, M. a., Skaali, T. B., By, Skjerdal, K. h., Smakal, Cb, R., Smirnov, Bt, N., Snellings, R. c., Snow, H. l., Søgaard, Soloviev, Cd, A., Soltveit, H. K., Ar, Soltz, Bg, R., Sommer, Aj, W., Son, C. W., Cf, Cp, H., Song, Soos, Soramel, Soyk, Spyropoulou, Stassinaki, M. d., Srivastava, B. K., De, Stachel, Staley, Stan, E. p., Stefanek, Dc, G., Stefanini, Steinbeck, Stenlund, Bh, E., Steyn, G. v., Stocco, Cy, D., Stock, Stolpovsky, Cd, P., Strmen, P. o., Suaide, A. A. P., Cn, Subieta, Vásquez, M. A., Cy, Sugitate, Suire, Šumbera, Cg, M., Susa, Swoboda, Symons, J. j., Szanto de Toledo, Szarka, I. o., Szostak, A. t., Szuba, Dd, M., Tadel, Tagridis, C. d., Takahara, Cu, A., Takahashi, J. u., Tanabe, Cx, R., Tapia, Takaki, J. D., Bx, Taureg, Tauro, Tavlet, Tejeda, Muñoz, Ce, G., Telesca, Terrevoli, C. e., Thäder, Tieulent, Db, R., Tlusty, Cb, D., Toia, Tolyhy, T. r., Torcato de Matos, Torii, As, H., Torralba, Aq, G., Toscano, Tosello, Tournaire, Bs, A., Traczyk, Tribedy, Tröger, Truesdale, Aa, D., Trzaska, W. H., Aw, Tsiledakis, Ar, G., Tsilis, E. d., Tsuji, Tumkin, Turrisi, Ca, R., Turvey, Bw, A., Tveter, T. S., By, Tydesjö, Tywoniuk, Ulery, Ullaland, K. h., Uras, A. s., Urbán, Bc, J., Urciuoli, G. M., Ci, Usai, G. L. s., Vacchi, Vala, Valencia, Palomo, Bk, L., Vallero, van der Kolk, N. c., Vande, Vyvre, Van, Leeuwen, Vannucci, Be, L., Vargas, Varma, Bq, R., Vasiliev, Vassiliev, Vasileiou, M. d., Vechernin, Venaruzzo, Massimo, Vercellin, Vergara, Vernet, R. w., Verweij, Vetlitskiy, Bn, I., Vickovic, Cr, L., Viesti, Vikhlyantsev, Co, O., Vilakazi, Z. v., Villalobos, Baillie, O. l., Vinogradov, Vinogradov, Cs, L., Co, Y., Virgili, Ck, T., Viyogi, Y. P., Ba, Vodopianov, Voloshin, Bn, K., Ag, S., Volpe, G. e., Von, Haller, An, B., Vranic, Vrláková, Vulpescu, B. z., Wagner, B. h., Wagner, Wallet, Wan, Dg, R., Wang, Dg, D., Watanabe, Cx, K., Wen, Q. g., Wessels, Br, J., Westerhoff, Br, U., Wiechula, Wikne, Wilk, Br, A., Williams, M. C. S. n., Willis, Bx, N., Windelband, Ar, B., Dg, C., Yang, Ar, H., Yasnopolskiy, Yermia, Cf, J., Yin, Dg, Z., Yokoyama, Cx, H., Yoo, I. K., Cf, Yuan, Yurevich, Ah, V., Yushmanov, Bp, I., Zabrodin, By, E., Zagreev, Bn, B., Zalite, Zampolli, Zanevsky, Ah, Y., Zaporozhets, Zarochentsev, Závada, Cc, P., Zbroszczyk, Dd, H., Zelnicek, Aq, P., Zenin, Zepeda, Zgura, I. p., Zhalov, Zhang, Zhou, Zhou, S. g., Zhu, Dg, J., Zichichi, A. m., Zinchenko, Zinovjev, Ax, G., Zoccarato, Db, Y., Zycháćek, Zynovyev, M., Aamodt, K., By, Abel, N., Aq, Abeysekara, U., Bw, Abrahantes, Quintana, A., Ap, Abramyan, A., Dh, Adamová, D., Cg, Aggarwal, M. M. y., Aglieri, Rinella, G., An, Agocs, A. G. r., Aguilar, Salazar, S., Bk, Ahammed, Z., Ba, Ahmad, A. b., Ahmad, N. b., Ahn, S. U., Al, Akimoto, R., Cu, Akindinov, A., Bn, Aleksandrov, D., Bp, Alessandro, B., Cz, Alfaro, Molina, R., Bk, Alici, A. m., Almaráz, Aviña, E., Bk, Alme, J. h., Alt, T., Aq, Altini, V. e., Altinpinar, S., Ae, Andrei, C. q., Andronic, A., Ae, Anelli, Angelov, V., Aq, Anson, C., Aa, Antičić, T., Di, Antinori, F., An, Antinori, S. m., Antipin, K., Aj, Antończyk, D., Aj, Antonioli, P. n., Anzo, A., Bk, Aphecetche, L., B, Appelshäuser, H., Aj, Arcelli, S. m., Arceo, Arend, A., Aj, Armesto, N., Cm, Arnaldi, R., Cz, Aronsson, T., Bt, Arsene, I. C., By, Asryan, A., C, Augustinus, A., An, Averbeck, R., Ae, Awes, T. C., Bv, Äystö, J., Aw, Azmi, M. D. b., Bablok, S. h., Bach, M., Ai, Badalà, A. x., Baek, Y. W., Al, Bagnasco, S., Cz, Bailhache, Bala, R., Cy, Baldisseri, A., Cj, Baldit, A. z., Bán, J., Bd, Barbera, R. w., Barnaföldi, G. G. r., Barnby, L. l., Barret, V. z., Bartke, J., Ac, Barile, F. e., Basile, M. m., Basmanov, V., Co, Bastid, N. z., Bathen, B., Br, Batigne, G., B, Batyunya, B., Ah, Baumann, C., Br, Bearden, I. G., Ab, Becker, B. t., Belikov, I., Ct, Bellwied, R., Ag, Belmont, Moreno, Belogianni, A. d., Benhabib, Beole, S., Cy, Berceanu, I. q., Bercuci, Berdermann, E., Ae, Berdnikov, Y., Am, Betev, L., An, Bhasin, A., Av, Bhati, A. K. y., Bianchi, L., Cy, N., Ak, Bianchin, C., Bz, Bielčík, J., Cb, Bielčíková, J., Cg, Bilandzic, A. c., Bimbot, L., Bx, Biolcati, E., Cy, Blanc, A. z., Blanco, F. w., Blanco, F., Bi, Blau, Blume, C., Aj, Boccioli, M., An, Bock, N., Aa, Bogdanov, A., Bo, Bøggild, H., Ab, Bogolyubsky, M., Cd, Bohm, J., Cq, Boldizsár, L. r., Bombara, M., Bc, Bombonati, Bondila, M., Aw, Borel, H., Cj, Borisov, A., Ax, Bortolin, Bose, S., Az, Bosisio, Luciano, Bossú, F., Cy, Botje, M. c., Böttger, S., Aq, Bourdaud, Boyer, B., Bx, Braun, M., C, Braun, Munzinger, P., ae af, Bravina, L., By, Bregant, Marco, Breitner, Bruckner, Brun, R., An, Bruna, E., Bt, Bruno, G. E. e., Budnikov, D., Co, Buesching, Buncic, P., An, Busch, O., Ar, Buthelezi, Z. v., Caffarri, D., Bz, Cai, X., Dg, Caines, H., Bt, Calvo, E., Bf, Camacho, E., Bl, Camerini, Paolo, Campbell, Canoa, Roman, V., An, Capitani, G. P., Ak, Cara, Romeo, G. n., Carena, Carena, W., An, Carminati, Casanova, Díaz, A., Ak, Caselle, Castillo, Castellano, J., Cj, Castillo, Hernandez, J. F., Ae, Catanescu, V. q., Cattaruzza, Enrico, Cavicchioli, C., An, Cerello, P., Cz, Chambert, V., Bx, Chang, B., Cq, Chapeland, S., An, Charpy, A., Bx, Charvet, J. L., Cj, Chattopadhyay, S., Ba, Cherney, M., Bw, Cheshkov, Cheynis, B., Db, Chiavassa, Chibante, Barroso, Chinellato, D. D. u., Chochula, Choi, K., Cf, Chojnacki, M., Da, Christakoglou, P., Da, Christensen, C. H., Ab, Christiansen, P., Bh, Chujo, T., Cx, Chuman, F., A, Cicalo, C. t., Cifarelli, L. m., Cindolo, F. n., Cleymans, J. v., Cobanoglu, O., Cy, Coffin, J. P., Ct, Coli, Colla, Conesa, Balbastre, G., Ak, Conesa del, Valle, Z., B, Conner, E. S., Df, Constantin, P., Ar, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras, J. G., Bl, Corrales, Morale, Y., Cy, Cormier, T. M., Ag, Cortese, P. a., Cortés, Maldonado, I., Ce, Cosentino, M. R. u., Costa, Cotallo, M. E., Bi, Crescio, Crochet, P. z., Cuautle, E., Bj, Cunqueiro, L., Ak, Cussonneau, J., B, Dainese, A., Ca, Dalsgaard, H. H., Ab, Danu, A. p., Das, I., Az, Dash, A. k., Dash, S. k., De, Barro, G. O. V., Cn, De, Caro, A., Ck, De, Cataldo, G., F., De, Cuveland, J., Aq, De, Falco, A., S., De, Gaspari, M., Ar, De, Groot, J., An, De, Gruttola, D., Ck, De, Marco, N., Cz, De, Pasquale, S., Ck, De, Remigi, De, Rooij, R., Da, De, Vaux, G. v., Delagrange, H., B, Delgado, Y., Bf, Dellacasa, G. a., Deloff, A., Dc, Demanov, Dénes, E. r., Deppman, A., Cn, D'Erasmo, G. e., Derkach, D., C, Devaux, A. z., Di, Bari, D., E., Di, Giglio, C., E., Di, Liberto, S., Ci, Di, Mauro, Di, Nezza, P., Ak, Dialinas, M., B, Díaz, L., Bj, R., Aw, Dietel, T., Br, Divià, Djuvsland, Ø. h., Dobretsov, V., Bp, Dobrin, A., Bh, Dobrowolski, T., Dc, Dönigus, B., Ae, Domínguez, I., Bj, Don, D. M. M., At, Dordic, O., By, Dubey, A. K., Ba, Dubuisson, Ducroux, L., Db, Dupieux, P. z., Dutta, Majumdar, A. K., Az, M. R., Ba, Elia, D. f., Emschermann, D., Ar, Enokizono, A., Bv, Espagnon, Estienne, Esumi, S., Cx, Evans, D. l., Evrard, Eyyubova, G., By, Fabjan, C. W., An, Fabris, D., Ca, Faivre, J., Ao, Falchieri, D. m., Fantoni, Fasel, M., Ae, Fateev, O., Ah, Fearick, R. v., Fedunov, A., Ah, Fehlker, D. h., Fekete, V. o., Felea, D. p., Fenton, Olsen, B., Ab, Feofilov, G., C, Fernández, Téllez, A., Ce, Ferreiro, E. G., Cm, Ferretti, A., Cy, Ferretti, R. a., Figueredo, M. A. S., Cn, Filchagin, S., Co, Fini, R. f., Fionda, F. M. e., Fiore, E. M. e., Floris, M. s., Fodor, Z. r., Foertsch, S. v., Foka, P., Ae, Fokin, S., Bp, Formenti, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Fragkiadakis, M. d., Frankenfeld, U., Ae, Frolov, A., Bu, Fuchs, U., An, Furano, Furget, C., Ao, Fusco, Girard, M., Ck, Gaardhøje, J. J., Ab, Gadrat, S., Ao, Gagliardi, M., Cy, Gago, A., Bf, Gallio, Ganoti, P. d., Ganti, M. S., Ba, Garabatos, C., Ae, García, Trapaga, C., Cy, Gebelein, Gemme, R. a., Germain, Gheata, Ghidini, B. e., Ghosh, P., Ba, Giraudo, G., Cz, Giubellino, Gladysz, Dziadu, E., Ac, Glasow, R., Br, Glässel, Glenn, A., Bg, Gómez, Jiménez, R., Ad, González, Santo, H., Ce, González, Trueba, L. H., Bk, González, Zamora, P., Bi, Gorbunov, Y., Bw, Gotovac, S., Cr, Gottschlag, H., Br, Grabski, V., Bk, Grajcarek, R., Ar, Grelli, A., Da, Grigoras, Grigoriev, V., Bo, Grigoryan, S., Ah, Grinyov, B., Ax, Grion, N., Cw, Gros, Grosse, Oetringhau, J. F., An, Grossiord, J. Y., Db, Grosso, Raffaele, Guber, F., Bm, Guernane, R., Ao, Guerra, C., Bf, Guerzoni, B. m., Gulbrandsen, K., Ab, Gulkanyan, H., Dh, Gunji, T., Cu, Gupta, R., Av, Gustafsson, H. A., Bh, Gutbrod, H., Ae, Haaland, Ø. h., Hadjidakis, C., Bx, Haiduc, M. p., Hamagaki, H., Cu, Hamar, G. r., Hamblen, J., Ay, Han, B. H., Cp, Harris, J. W., Bt, Hartig, M., Aj, Harutyunyan, Hasch, D., Ak, Hasegan, D. p., Hatzifotiadou, D. n., Hayrapetyan, Heide, M., Br, Heinz, M., Bt, Helstrup, H. i., Herghelegiu, A. q., Hernández, Herrera, Corral, G., Bl, Herrmann, N., Ar, Hetland, K. F. i., Hicks, B., Bt, Hiei, A., A, Hille, P. T., By, Hippolyte, B., Ct, Horaguchi, T., A, Hori, Y., Cu, Hristov, Hřivnáčová, I., Bx, Hu, S. g., Huang, M. h., Huber, Humanic, T. J., Aa, Hutter, D., Ai, Hwang, D. S., Cp, Ichou, R., B, Ilkaev, R., Co, Ilkiv, I., Dc, Inaba, M., Cx, Innocenti, P. G., An, Ippolitov, M., Bp, Irfan, M. b., Ivan, C., Da, Ivanov, V., Am, Iwasaki, Jachołkowski, Jacobs, P. j., Jančurová, L., Ah, Jangal, S., Ct, Janik, R. o., Jena, C. k., Jena, S., Bq, Jirden, Jones, G. T. l., Jones, P. G. l., Jovanović, P. l., Jung, H., Al, W., Al, Jusko, A. l., Kaidalov, A. B., Bn, Kalcher, Kalićák, P., Bd, Kalisky, Kalliokoski, T., Aw, Kalweit, A., Af, Kamal, A. b., Kamermans, Kanaki, K. h., Kang, E., Al, J. H., Cq, Kapitan, Kaplin, Kapusta, Karavichev, O., Bm, Karavicheva, T., Bm, Karpechev, E., Bm, Kazantsev, A., Bp, Kebschull, U., Aq, Keidel, R., Df, Khan, M. M. b., Khan, S. A., Ba, Khanzadeev, A., Am, Kharlov, Y., Cd, Kikola, D., Dd, Kileng, B. i., Kim, D. J., Aw, D. S., Al, D. W., Al, H. N., Al, J., Cd, J. H., Cp, J. S., Al, M., Al, M., Cq, S. H., Al, S., Cp, Y., Cq, Kirsch, Kisel, I., Aq, Kiselev, S., Bn, Kisiel, A., Aa, Klay, J. L., Cl, Klein, J., Ar, Klein, Bösing, Kliemant, Klovning, A. h., Kluge, Knichel, M. L., Ae, Kniege, S., Aj, Koch, K., Ar, Kolevatov, R., By, Kolojvari, Kondratiev, V., C, Kondratyeva, N., Bo, Konevskih, A., Bm, Kornać, Kour, R. l., Kowalski, M., Ac, Kox, Kozlov, K., Bp, Kral, Králik, I., Bd, Kramer, F., Aj, Kraus, I., Af, Kravćáková, A., Bc, Krawutschke, T., Bb, Krivda, M. l., Krumbhorn, Krus, M., Cb, Kryshen, E., Am, Krzewicki, M. c., Kucheriaev, Y., Bp, Kuhn, C., Ct, Kuijer, P. G. c., Kumar, L. y., Kumar, N. y., Kupczak, R., Dd, Kurashvili, P., Dc, Kurepin, A. N., Bm, Kuryakin, A., Co, Kushpil, S., Cg, V., Cg, Kutouski, M., Ah, Kvaerno, H., By, Kweon, M. J., Ar, Kwon, La, Rocca, P. w., Lackner, Ladrón de, Guevara, Lafage, Lal, C., Av, Lara, C., Aq, Larsen, D. T. h., Laurenti, G. n., Lazzeroni, C. l., Le, Bornec, Y., Bx, Le, Bri, N., B, Lee, H., Cf, K. S., Al, S. C., Al, Lefèvre, F., B, Lenhardt, Leistam, Lehnert, J., Aj, Lenti, V. f., León, H., Bk, León, Monzón, I., Ad, León, Varga, Lévai, P. r., Li, X. g., Li, Y. g., Lietava, R. l., Lindal, S., By, Lindenstruth, Lippmann, Lisa, M. A., Aa, Liu, L. h., Loginov, Lohn, Lopez, X. z., López, Noriega, M., Bx, López, Ramírez, R., Ce, López, Torre, E., Ap, Løvhøiden, Lozea Feijo, Soare, Lu, S. g., Luettig, P., Aj, Lunardon, M., Bz, Luparello, G., Cy, Luquin, Lutz, J. R., Ct, Ma, K., Dg, R., Bt, Madagodahettige, Don, D. M., At, Maevskaya, Mager, M., Af, Mahapatra, D. P. k., Maire, A., Ct, Makhlyueva, I., An, Mal'Kevich, D., Bn, Malaev, M., Am, Malagalage, K. J., Bw, Maldonado, Cervante, Malek, Malkiewicz, Malzacher, Mamonov, Manceau, L. z., Mangotra, L., Av, Manko, Manso, F. z., Manzari, V. f., Mao, Y., Dg, Mareš, J., Cc, Margagliotti, Giacomo, Margotti, A. n., Marín, Martashvili, I., Ay, Martinengo, Martínez, Hernández, M. I., Ce, Martínez, Davalo, Martínez, García, Maruyama, Y., A, Marzari, Chiesa, Masciocchi, Masera, Masetti, M. m., Masoni, A. t., Massacrier, Mastromarco, M. f., Mastroserio, A. e., Matthews, Z. L. l., Matyja, A., Ac, Mayani, D., Bj, Mazza, Mazzoni, M. A., Ci, Meddi, F., Ch, Menchaca, Rocha, Mendez, Lorenzo, Meoni, Mercado, Pérez, Mereu, Miake, Y., Cx, Michalon, Miftakhov, N., Am, Milano, Milosevic, J., By, Minafra, F. e., Mischke, Mićkowiec, D., Ae, Mitu, C. p., Mizoguchi, K., A, Mlynarz, J., Ag, Mohanty, B., Ba, Molnar, L. r., Mondal, M. M., Ba, Montaño, Zetina, L., Bl, Monteno, M., Cz, Montes, E., Bi, Morando, Moretto, S., Bz, Morsch, Moukhanova, T., Bp, Muccifora, V., Ak, Mudnic, E., Cr, Muhuri, Müller, H., An, Munhoz, M. G., Cn, Munoz, J., Ce, Musa, Musso, A., Cz, Nandi, B. K., Bq, Nania, R. n., Nappi, E. f., Navach, F. e., Navin, S. l., Nayak, T. K., Ba, Nazarenko, Nazarov, G., Co, Nedosekin, Nendaz, F., Db, Newby, J., Bg, Nianine, Nicassio, M. f., Nielsen, B. S., Ab, Nikolaev, Nikolic, V., Di, Nikulin, Nilsen, B. S., Bw, Nilsson, M. S., By, Noferini, F. n., Nomokonov, P., Ah, Nooren, G., Da, Novitzky, N., Aw, Nyatha, A., Bq, Nygaard, C., Ab, Nyiri, A., By, Nystrand, J. h., Ochirov, Odyniec, G. j., Oeschler, H., Af, Oinonen, Okada, K., Cu, Oldenburg, Oleniacz, J., Dd, Oppedisano, C., Cz, Orsini, F., Cj, Ortiz, Velasquez, A., Bj, Ortona, Oskarsson, Osmic, Österman, L., Bh, Ostrowski, P., Dd, Otterlund, I., Bh, Otwinowski, J., Ae, Øvrebekk, G. h., Oyama, Ozawa, Pachmayer, Y., Ar, Pachr, Padilla, Pagano, P., Ck, Paić, G., Bj, Painke, F., Aq, Pajares, C., Cm, Pal, S. K., Ba, Palaha, A. l., Palmeri, A. x., Panse, R., Aq, Papikyan, V., Dh, Pappalardo, G. S. x., Park, W. J., Ae, Pastirćák, B., Bd, Pastore, C. f., Paticchio, V. f., Pavlinov, A., Ag, Pawlak, T., Dd, Peitzmann, T., Da, Pepato, Pereira, Peressounko, Pérez, Perini, D., An, Perrino, D. e., Peryt, W., Dd, Peschek, Pesci, A. n., Peskov, V., Bj, Pestov, Y., Bu, Peters, A. J., An, Petráćek, V., Cb, Petridis, A. d., Petris, M. q., Petrov, P. l., Petrovici, M. q., Petta, C. w., Peyré, J., Bx, Piano, Stefano, Piccotti, Pikna, M. o., Pillot, P., B, Pinazza, O. n., Pinsky, L., At, Pitz, N., Aj, Piuz, Platt, R. l., Pćoskoć, M. j., Pluta, Pocheptsov, T., Ah, Pochybova, S. r., Podesta, Lerma, P. L. M., Ad, Poggio, Poghosyan, M. G., Cy, Polák, K., Cc, Polichtchouk, B., Cd, Polozov, P., Bn, Polyakov, Pommeresch, B. h., Pop, A. q., Posa, F. e., Pospíšil, Potukuchi, B., Av, Pouthas, Prasad, Preghenella, R. m., Prino, F., Cz, Pruneau, C. A., Ag, Pshenichnov, I., Bm, Puddu, G. s., Pujahari, P., Bq, Pulvirenti, A. w., Punin, Putiš, Putschke, J., Bt, Quercigh, E., An, Rachevski, A., Cw, Rademakers, Radomski, S., Ar, Räihä, T. S., Aw, Rak, Rakotozafindrabe, Ramello, L. a., Ramírez, Reye, A., Bl, Rammler, Raniwala, R., Au, S., Au, Räsänen, S. S., Aw, Rashevskaya, I., Cw, Rath, S. k., Read, K. F., Ay, Real, J. S., Ao, Redlich, K., Dc, Renfordt, R., Aj, Reolon, A. R., Ak, Reshetin, Rettig, Revol, J. P., An, Reygers, K., Br, Ricaud, Riccati, L., Cz, Ricci, R. A., Be, Richter, M. h., Riedler, Riegler, Riggi, F. w., Rivetti, Rodriguez, Cahuantzi, M., Ce, Røed, K. i., Röhrich, Román, López, S., Ce, Romita, R. e., Ronchetti, F., Ak, Rosinskỳ, Rosnet, P. z., Rossegger, Rossi, A., Cv, Roukoutakis, Rousseau, S., Bx, Roy, C., B, P., Az, Rubio, Montero, A. J., Bi, Rui, Rinaldo, Rusanov, I., Ar, Russo, G., Ck, Ryabinkin, E., Bp, Rybicki, Sadovsky, S., Cd, Šafaćík, K., An, Sahoo, R., Bz, Saini, J., Ba, Saiz, Sakata, D., Cx, Salgado, C. A., Cm, Salgueiro Domingues da, Silva, Salur, S. j., Samanta, T., Ba, Sambyal, S., Av, Samsonov, Šándor, L., Bd, Sandoval, Sano, S., Cu, Santo, Santoro, R. e., Sarkamo, Saturnini, P. z., Scapparone, E. n., Scarlassara, F., Bz, Scharenberg, R. P., De, Schiaua, C. q., Schicker, Schindler, Schmidt, H. R., Ae, Schossmaier, Schreiner, Schuchmann, Schukraft, Schutz, Y., B, Schwarz, K., Ae, Schweda, Scioli, G. m., Scomparin, E., Cz, Scott, P. A. l., Segato, G., Bz, Semenov, Senyukov, S. a., Seo, J., Al, Serci, S. s., Serkin, Serradilla, Sevcenco, A. p., Sgura, I. e., Shabratova, G., Ah, Shahoyan, Sharkov, G., Bn, Sharma, N. y., Sharma, Shigaki, Shimomura, Shtejer, K., Ap, Sibiriak, Siciliano, Sicking, Siddi, E. t., Siemiarczuk, Silenzi, A. m., Silvermyr, D., Bv, Simili, E., Da, Simonetti, G. e., Singaraju, R., Ba, Singh, Singhal, V., Ba, Sinha, B. C., Ba, T., Az, Sitar, B. o., Sitta, M. a., Skaali, T. B., By, Skjerdal, K. h., Smakal, R., Cb, Smirnov, N., Bt, Snellings, R. c., Snow, H. l., Søgaard, Soloviev, A., Cd, Soltveit, H. K., Ar, Soltz, R., Bg, Sommer, W., Aj, Son, C. W., Cf, H., Cp, Song, Soos, Soramel, Soyk, Spyropoulou, Stassinaki, M. d., Srivastava, B. K., De, Stachel, Staley, Stan, E. p., Stefanek, G., Dc, Stefanini, Steinbeck, Stenlund, E., Bh, Steyn, G. v., Stocco, D., Cy, Stock, Stolpovsky, P., Cd, Strmen, P. o., Suaide, A. A. P., Cn, Subieta, Vásquez, M. A., Cy, Sugitate, Suire, Šumbera, M., Cg, Susa, Swoboda, Symons, J. j., Szanto de, Toledo, Szarka, I. o., Szostak, A. t., Szuba, M., Dd, Tadel, Tagridis, C. d., Takahara, A., Cu, Takahashi, J. u., Tanabe, R., Cx, Tapia, Takaki, J. D., Bx, Taureg, Tauro, Tavlet, Tejeda, Muñoz, G., Ce, Telesca, Terrevoli, C. e., Thäder, Tieulent, R., Db, Tlusty, D., Cb, Toia, Tolyhy, T. r., Torcato de, Mato, Torii, H., A, Torralba, G., Aq, Toscano, Tosello, Tournaire, A., B, Traczyk, Tribedy, Tröger, Truesdale, D., Aa, Trzaska, W. H., Aw, Tsiledakis, G., Ar, Tsilis, E. d., Tsuji, Tumkin, Turrisi, R., Ca, Turvey, A., Bw, Tveter, T. S., By, Tydesjö, Tywoniuk, Ulery, Ullaland, K. h., Uras, A. s., Urbán, J., Bc, Urciuoli, G. M., Ci, Usai, G. L. s., Vacchi, Vala, Valencia, Palomo, L., Bk, Vallero, van der, Kolk, N., C., Vande, Vyvre, Van, Leeuwen, Vannucci, L., Be, Vargas, Varma, R., Bq, Vasiliev, Vassiliev, Vasileiou, M. d., Vechernin, Venaruzzo, Massimo, Vercellin, Vergara, Vernet, R. w., Verweij, Vetlitskiy, I., Bn, Vickovic, L., Cr, Viesti, Vikhlyantsev, O., Co, Vilakazi, Z. v., Villalobos, Baillie, O. l., Vinogradov, Vinogradov, L., C, Y., Co, Virgili, T., Ck, Viyogi, Y. P., Ba, Vodopianov, Voloshin, K., Bn, S., Ag, Volpe, G. e., Von, Haller, B., An, Vranic, Vrláková, Vulpescu, B. z., Wagner, B. h., Wagner, Wallet, Wan, R., Dg, Wang, D., Dg, Watanabe, K., Cx, Wen, Q. g., Wessels, J., Br, Westerhoff, U., Br, Wiechula, Wikne, Wilk, A., Br, Williams, M. C. S. n., Willis, N., Bx, Windelband, B., Ar, Xu, C., Dg, Yang, H., Ar, Yasnopolskiy, Yermia, Yi, J., Cf, Yin, Z., Dg, Yokoyama, H., Cx, Yoo, I. K., Cf, Yuan, Yurevich, V., Ah, Yushmanov, I., Bp, Zabrodin, E., By, Zagreev, B., Bn, Zalite, Zampolli, Zanevsky, Y., Ah, Zaporozhets, Zarochentsev, Závada, P., Cc, Zbroszczyk, H., Dd, Zelnicek, P., Aq, Zenin, Zepeda, Zgura, I. p., Zhalov, Zhang, Zhou, Zhou, S. g., Zhu, J., Dg, Zichichi, A. m., Zinchenko, Zinovjev, G., Ax, Zoccarato, Y., Db, Zycháćek, and Zynovyev, M.

Subjects
ALICE, LHC, Transverse momentum, pp, 900 GeV, PYTHIA, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η

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218. Formation of Single‐Holed Cobalt/N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Particles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media

Author

Bu Yuan Guan, Le Yu, and Xiong Wen (David) Lou

Subjects
hollow structures, MOF composites, oxygen reduction reaction, single‐holed particles, ZIF‐67, Science
Abstract

Abstract Design and construction of metal‐organic framework (MOF) composite precursors have recently been considered as a promising strategy for the preparation of different structured metal/carbon‐based functional materials. Here, an MOF composite‐assisted strategy to synthesize single‐holed cobalt/N‐doped carbon hollow particles is reported. The yolk–shell polystyrene@zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (PS@ZIF‐67) composite precursors are first synthesized, followed by a controlled pyrolysis to obtain cobalt/N‐doped carbon hollow particles with a large single hole on each shell. Moreover, the MOF‐coating approach reported in this work can be extended to prepare various core‐shell ZIF‐67 composites with different structures and compositions. Benefiting from the structural and compositional advantages, the as‐derived single‐holed cobalt/N‐doped carbon hollow particles manifest superior electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance with high activity and excellent durability.

Published
2017
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219. Molecular and Chemical Regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Author

Young-Sam Keum and Bu Young Choi

Subjects
Keap1, Nrf2, ARE, oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, metabolism, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Extracellular and intracellular oxidants or electrophiles are key contributors to the damages in cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins and lipids. Nrf2 is a master transcription factor that modulates a cellular antioxidant response program and plays an important role in the protection against oxidants and electrophiles. Keap1 is a regulator of Nrf2 by serving as a substrate adaptor for Cullin3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase. While Nrf2 activation is a feasible strategy for treatment of age-related diseases, aberrant Nrf2 activation also confers a selective growth advantage of tumor cells during chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In the present review, we provide an overview of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system, the domain organization of Nrf2 and Keap1, and the regulatory mechanisms of Nrf2 proteolysis by Keap1. We also discuss how Nrf2 prevents tumor promotion, hampers the sensitivity of selected tumors against chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and reprograms the metabolism to facilitate the tumor proliferation. Finally, we illustrate the current status in the development of Nrf2 chemical activators and inhibitors for the use of potential chemopreventive agents and chemotherapeutic adjuvants, respectively.

Published
2014
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221. Theoretical Study of V<SUP>2+</SUP>OH<INF>2</INF>/V<SUP>3+</SUP>OH<INF>2</INF> Electron Transfer Reactivity at Electron Correlation Level

Author

Bu, Y., Song, X., and Liu, C.

Abstract

A novel theoretical model for discussing the electron transfer reactivity is presented in this paper and also is calibrated in terms of the monohydrated vanadium ion system, V2+OH2/V3+OH2. The detailed calculations have been made at the UMP2(full)/6-311+G* level. The relevant energy quantities (such as the activation energy, dissociation energy, et al.) have also been obtained at different levels of theory (HF, MP2, MP3, MP4, and QCISD and corresponding spin-projection PUHF, PMP2, and PMP3) with the same basis set (6-311+G*) and valence electron correlation. The electronic transmission coefficient is calculated using the ab initio potential energy surface slopes, and the coupling matrix element determined from the two-state model and the Slater-type d-electron wave functions. The relevant kinetic parameters are obtained in terms of new schemes presented in this paper. The contact distance dependence of these parameters and the applicability of the presented models are also discussed.

Published
1999

223. 5.3 W deep-blue light generation by intra-cavity frequency doubling of Nd:GdVO4.

Author

Jia, F., Xue, Q., Zheng, Q., Bu, Y., and Qian, L.

Subjects
NEODYMIUM, LASERS, DIODES, CRYSTALS, SECOND harmonic generation, NONLINEAR optics
Abstract

We report the efficient compacted deep-blue laser at 456 nm generation by intra-cavity frequency doubling of a continuous-wave (cw) laser operation of a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser on the 4 F 3/2→4 I 9/2 transition at 912 nm. The different long LiB3O5 (LBO) crystals, cut for critical type I phase matching at room temperature, are used for second harmonic generation (shg) of the laser. At an incident pump power of 30 W, up to 5.3 W of cw output power at 456 nm is achieved with 15-mm-long LBO (3.8 W with 10 mm-long LBO). The conversion efficiency is 17.7% from pump diode input to second harmonic wave output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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224. Research on the Impact of Financing Liquidity on Risk-taking of Commercial Banks

Author

Bu Yumeng

Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Insufficient liquidity and maturity mismatches lead to bank risks and financial crises. After Basel III included the net stable funding ratio into regulatory indicators, the relationship between the liquidity indicators represented by the net stable capital ratio and the bank's risk exposure triggered discussions among domestic and foreign scholars. This paper uses the data of China's commercial banks, mainly discussing the mutual influence of internal financing liquidity and external financing liquidity on the risk exposure of banks, and then putting forward some suggestions on how to reduce bank risks through financing liquidity.

Published
2019
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225. Biochemical Basis of Anti-Cancer-Effects of Phloretin—A Natural Dihydrochalcone

Author

Bu Young Choi

Subjects
phloretin, cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, glucose uptake, migration, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Apple is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that help improve health by preventing and/or curing many disease processes, including cancer. One of the apple polyphenols is phloretin [2′,4′,6′-Trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propiophenone], which has been widely investigated for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in a wide array of preclinical studies. The efficacy of phloretin in suppressing xenograft tumor growth in athymic nude mice implanted with a variety of human cancer cells, and the ability of the compound to interfere with cancer cells signaling, have made it a promising candidate for anti-cancer drug development. Mechanistically, phloretin has been reported to arrest the growth of tumor cells by blocking cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and induce apoptosis by activating mitochondria-mediated cell death. The blockade of the glycolytic pathway via downregulation of GLUT2 mRNA and proteins, and the inhibition of tumor cells migration, also corroborates the anti-cancer effects of phloretin. This review sheds light on the molecular targets of phloretin as a potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory natural agent.

Published
2019
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226. Siberian ginseng reduces infarct volume in transient focal cerebral ischaemia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Author

Bu Y, Jin ZH, Park SY, Baek S, Rho S, Ha N, Park SK, Kim SY, and Kim H

Abstract

Siberian ginseng, the root and stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, has been used as a tonic and adaptogen to strengthen qi in traditional Korean medicine. The neuroprotective effects of water extracts of A. senticosus (ASW) were investigated in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo, 90 min occlusion, 24 h reperfusion) of Sprague-Dawley rats. The infarct volume was significantly reduced by 36.6% after the peritoneal injection of ASW (100 mg[sol ]kg) compared with the control. In the immunohistochemical study, ASW markedly inhibited both cyclooxygenase-2 and OX-42 expressions in the penumbral region at 24 h after MCAo. These results suggest that A. senticosus has a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting inflammation and microglial activation in brain ischaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

228. Hydration Model for the Energy Barrier in Self-Exchange Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution

Author

Bu, Y. and Deng, C.

Abstract

This paper presents two new theoretical models for accurately determining activation energy and reorganization energy for an electron exchange reaction in solution. The hydration process of an ion is considered and two accurate potential functions (Morse function and anharmonic oscillator potential function) are defined in terms of experimental spectroscopic and hydration thermodynamic data. These functions are then used to depict the energy dependence of the reacting system on the separation between the central ion and the inner-sphere water molecules and the solvent reorganization. The activation energy and reorganization energy are obtained in terms of the proposed activation and reorganization models and the hydration potential functions. The experimental activation energy is corrected by taking into account the actual electronic transmission coefficient. The slopes of the potential energy surfaces are obtained from the proposed accurate hydration potential functions, and the coupling matrix element is determined by the two-state model and numerical integral method over the perturbed d-electron double-zeta Slater-type wave functions. The theoretical values of the activation energy are compared with the experimental values, and the relationship between the activation energy and the reorganization energy is tested. The applicability of these models are also discussed.

Published
1997

229. Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase PIN1 Directly Binds to and Stabilizes Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α.

Author

Hyeong-Jun Han, Nayoung Kwon, Min-A Choi, Kyung Oh Jung, Juan-Yu Piao, Hoang Kieu Chi Ngo, Su-Jung Kim, Do-Hee Kim, June-Key Chung, Young-Nam Cha, Hyewon Youn, Bu Young Choi, Sang-Hyun Min, and Young-Joon Surh

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PIN1) regulates the functional activity of a subset of phosphoproteins through binding to phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs and subsequently isomerization of the phosphorylated bonds. Interestingly, PIN1 is overexpressed in many types of malignancies including breast, prostate, lung and colon cancers. However, its oncogenic functions have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that PIN1 directly interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in human colon cancer (HCT116) cells. PIN1 binding to HIF-1α occurred in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We also found that PIN1 interacted with HIF-1α at both exogenous and endogenous levels. Notably, PIN1 binding stabilized the HIF-1α protein, given that their levels were significantly increased under hypoxic conditions. The stabilization of HIF-1α resulted in increased transcriptional activity, consequently upregulating expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, a major contributor to angiogenesis. Silencing of PIN1 or pharmacologic inhibition of its activity abrogated the angiogenesis. By utilizing a bioluminescence imaging technique, we were able to demonstrate that PIN1 inhibition dramatically reduced the tumor volume in a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model and angiogenesis as well as hypoxia-induced transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. These results suggest that PIN1 interacting with HIF-1α is a potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic target.

Published
2016
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230. Molecular Identification of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus Infection in Apis mellifera Colonies in Japan

Author

Tomomi Morimoto, Yuriko Kojima, Mikio Yoshiyama, Kiyoshi Kimura, Bu Yang, and Tatsuhiko Kadowaki

Subjects
chronic bee paralysis virus, Apis mellifera, Apis cerana japonica, phylogeny, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) infection causes chronic paralysis and loss of workers in honey bee colonies around the world. Although CBPV shows a worldwide distribution, it had not been molecularly detected in Japan. Our investigation of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana japonica colonies with RT-PCR has revealed CBPV infection in A. mellifera but not A. c. japonica colonies in Japan. The prevalence of CBPV is low compared with that of other viruses: deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV), and sac brood virus (SBV), previously reported in Japan. Because of its low prevalence (5.6%) in A. mellifera colonies, the incidence of colony losses by CBPV infection must be sporadic in Japan. The presence of the (−) strand RNA in dying workers suggests that CBPV infection and replication may contribute to their symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a geographic separation of Japanese isolates from European, Uruguayan, and mainland US isolates. The lack of major exchange of honey bees between Europe/mainland US and Japan for the recent 26 years (1985–2010) may have resulted in the geographic separation of Japanese CBPV isolates.

Published
2012
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231. Dynamic traffic balancing scheme for LB-BvN to guarantee in-order packet delivering

Author

HU Hong-chao, GUO Yun-fei, PANG lin, and BU You-jun

Subjects
switching fabric, scheduling policy, in order, LB-BvN, flowlet, Telecommunication, TK5101-6720
Abstract

Due to its outstanding extensibility performance,the LB-BvN switch had attracted much attention recently in the switching technology academia.However,the problem that it might disturb the sequences of packets made it not so applicable in practice.To overcome this,the principles for guaranteeing packets in order switching were first discussed.Then,based on these principles,it focused on research on the transmission characteristics in network traffic and came up with DFA and DFS algorithms.DFA assigned the switching paths to each flow based on their transport layer parameters to make sure that each packet in the flow were in order.DFS was more sophisticated than DFA in that it first divided flows into flowlets.In this way,the flowlets in the flows were in order.Both DFA and DFS could achieve in order packets switching with limited flow states maintained in the line-cards.Simulation results show that both DFA and DFS can achieve good performance.

Published
2011

232. Optimization of Enhanced Geothermal System Power Generation Investment Scheme Based on Fuzzy VIKOR Model

Author

Bu Yan, Guo Mingjing, and Cheng Penghong

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In the future, Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) power generation will be a hot spot for new energy investment development. How to optimize the EGS power generation investment program is an important issue to be solved by the government and enterprises. In order to improve the accuracy of the EGS investment project evaluation, this paper proposes a technical route to optimize the EGS power generation investment program. It comprehensively considers the ambiguity of the decision attributes and the conflict between the indicators. The index is calculated using the entropy method and the order relationship method. Comprehensive weights; using triangular fuzzy numbers instead of exact numbers to reduce the loss of decision information; using a multi-criteria compromised sorting method to obtain trade-off solutions to solve the problem that investment plans cannot be accepted by all decision makers when there are multiple conflicting indicators. Finally, taking an enterprise’s EGS power generation project as an example, the effectiveness and rationality of the optimized technology route for the EGS power generation investment program are verified.

Published
2018
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233. High-power efficient diode-pumped Nd:YVO4/LiB3O5457 nm blue laser with 4.6 W of output power

Author

Xue, Q. H., Zheng, Q., Bu, Y. K., Jia, F. Q., and Qian, L. S.

Abstract

Continuous-wave 457 blue laser emission at powers as high as 4.6 W is achieved by using a fiber-coupled laser diode array with a power of 30 W to pump 0.1 at.% low-doped bulk Nd:YVO4crystal, with intracavity frequency doubling in a 15 mm long type I critical phase-matched LiB3O5(LBO) crystal in a compact threefold cavity with a length of less than 100 mm. The optical-optical conversion efficiency is greater than 15.3%, and the stability of the output power is better than 3% for an hour.

Published
2006

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