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Focuses on a study which proposed hardware mechanisms for dynamically exploiting narrow width operations and subword parallelism without programmer intervention or compiler support. Methodology; Details on the power optimization technique based on clock gating for operand size; Discussion on the technique to increase performance optimization.

To identify virulence genes of P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 we screened for mutants with reduced virulence on its plant hosts, Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato. We isolated a Tn5-insertion mutant that exhibited reduced virulence on both hosts. Further characterization showed that this mutant carried a single Tn5 insertion in the dsbA gene, which encodes a periplasmic disulphide bond-forming protein. In addition to reduced virulence, the dsbA mutant exhibits mucoid colony morphology, Ioss of fluorescence, decreased motility, and a reduced growth rate in culture. The dsbA mutant is able to multiply in A. thaliana and tomato plants, trigger the hypersensitive response on tobacco and elicit Pto-mediated resistance in tomato, indicating that type III secretion occurs in this background. However, type III secretion appears to function with reduced efficiency in the dsbA mutant, as type III-dependent secretion of HrpZ and AvrRpt2 is impaired. These findings indicate that while the dsbA gene is required for multiple cellular functions in P. syringae, type III secretion in P. syringae is only partially dependent on dsbA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the renal effects of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Subjects and treatment: Six volume-depleted, conscious, chronically instrumented dogs received four treatments using a cross-over design, with at least 13 days between treatments. An i.v. bolus dose (3, 10, and 30 μmol/kg) of vehicle, indomethacin, celecoxib, or 6-MNA, the active metabolite of nabumetone, were administered with an hour between doses. Methods: Renal function was assessed at baseline and 30 min after each dose. Results: Treatment with indomethacin or celecoxib resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow, sodium excretion, and fractional sodium excretion. GFR was reduced by 27% with 30 μmol/kg indomethacin (p < 0.05) and by 58% with 30 μmol/kg celecoxib (p < 0.5). Similarly, RPF was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 33% and 65% with 30 μmol/kg indomethacin and celecoxib, respectively. Reductions in renal function with celecoxib occurred at a therapeutic index (determined by comparison anti-edemic activities of the drugs in rat paw carrageenan assays) equal to or lower than indomethacin. In contrast, treatment with vehicle or 6-MNA resulted in no reductions in renal function. Conclusion: Administration of either celecoxib (specific COX-2 inhibitor) or indomethacin (selective COX-1 inhibitor) resulted in significant reductions in renal function. COX-2 specific inhibitors do not appear to lack the renal effects of NSAIDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During chronic viral infections, CD8 T cells rapidly lose antiviral and immune-stimulatory functions in a sustained program termed exhaustion. In addition to this loss of function, CD8 T cells with the highest affinity for viral antigen can be physically deleted. Consequently, treatments designed to restore function to exhausted cells and control chronic viral replication are limited from the onset by the decreased breadth of the antiviral T cell response. Yet, it remains unclear why certain populations of CD8 T cells are deleted while others are preserved in an exhausted state. We report that CD8 T cell deletion during chronic viral infection can be prevented by therapeutically lowering viral replication early after infection. The initial resistance to deletion enabled long-term maintenance of antiviral cytolytic activity of the otherwise deleted high-affinity CD8 T cells. In combination with decreased virus titers, CD4 T cell help and prolonged interactions with costimulatory molecules B7-1/B7-2 were required to prevent CD8 T cell deletion. Thus, therapeutic strategies to decrease early virus replication could enhance virus-specific CD8 T cell diversity and function during chronic infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate using three-point statistics in constraining the galaxy–halo connection. We show that for some galaxy samples, the constraints on the halo occupation distribution parameters are dominated by the three-point function signal (over its two-point counterpart). We demonstrate this on mock catalogues corresponding to the Luminous red galaxies (LRGs), Emission-line galaxies (ELGs), and quasars (QSOs) targeted by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Survey. The projected three-point function for triangle sides less up to 20  h −1 Mpc measured from a cubic Gpc of data can constrain the characteristic minimum mass of the LRGs with a preci sion of 0.46 per cent. For comparison, similar constraints from the projected two-point function are 1.55 per cent. The improvements for the ELGs and QSOs targets are more modest. In the case of the QSOs, it is caused by the high shot-noise of the sample, and in the case of the ELGs, it is caused by the range of halo masses of the host haloes. The most time-consuming part of our pipeline is the measurement of the three-point functions. We adopt a tabulation method, proposed in earlier works for the two-point function, to significantly reduce the required compute time for the three-point analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a simple, differentiable method for predicting emission line strengths from rest-frame optical continua using an empirically determined mapping. Extensive work has been done to develop mock galaxy catalogues that include robust predictions for galaxy photometry, but reliably predicting the strengths of emission lines has remained challenging. Our new mapping is a simple neural network implemented using the JAX Python automatic differentiation library. It is trained on Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Release data to predict the equivalent widths (EWs) of the eight brightest optical emission lines (including H α, H β, [O ii ], and [O iii ]) from a galaxy's rest-frame optical continuum. The predicted EW distributions are consistent with the observed ones when noise is accounted for, and we find Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ s > 0.87 between predictions and observations for most lines. Using a non-linear dimensionality reduction technique, we show that this is true for galaxies across the full range of observed spectral energy distributions. In addition, we find that adding measurement uncertainties to the predicted line strengths is essential for reproducing the distribution of observed line-ratios in the BPT diagram. Our trained network can easily be incorporated into a differentiable stellar population synthesis pipeline without hindering differentiability or scalability with GPUs. A synthetic catalogue generated with such a pipeline can be used to characterize and account for biases in the spectroscopic training sets used for training and calibration of photo- z 's, improving the modelling of systematic incompleteness for the Rubin Observatory LSST and other surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first comprehensive halo occupation distribution (HOD) analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) One-Percent Survey luminous red galaxy (LRG) and Quasi Stellar Object (QSO) samples. We constrain the HOD of each sample and test possible HOD extensions by fitting the redshift-space galaxy 2-point correlation functions in 0.15 < r < 32  h −1 Mpc in a set of fiducial redshift bins. We use AbacusSummit cubic boxes at Planck 2018 cosmology as model templates and forward model galaxy clustering with the AbacusHOD package. We achieve good fits with a standard HOD model with velocity bias, and we find no evidence for galaxy assembly bias or satellite profile modulation at the current level of statistical uncertainty. For LRGs in 0.4 < z < 0.6, we infer a satellite fraction of |$f_\mathrm{sat} = 11\pm 1~{y{\ \mathrm{per\,cent}}}$|⁠ , a mean halo mass of |$\log _{10}\overline{M}_h/M_\odot =13.40^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$|⁠ , and a linear bias of |$b_\mathrm{lin} = 1.93_{-0.04}^{+0.06}$|⁠. For LRGs in 0.6 < z < 0.8, we find |$f_\mathrm{sat}=14\pm 1~{{\ \mathrm{per\,cent}}}$|⁠ , |$\log _{10}\overline{M}_h/M_\odot =13.24^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$|⁠ , and |$b_\mathrm{lin}=2.08_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$|⁠. For QSOs, we infer |$f_\mathrm{sat}=3^{+8}_{-2}\mathrm{per\,cent}$|⁠ , |$\log _{10}\overline{M}_h/M_\odot = 12.65^{+0.09}_{-0.04}$|⁠ , and |$b_\mathrm{lin} = 2.63_{-0.26}^{+0.37}$| in redshift range 0.8 < z < 2.1. Using these fits, we generate a large suite of high fidelity galaxy mocks, forming the basis of systematic tests for DESI Y1 cosmological analyses. We also study the redshift-evolution of the DESI LRG sample from z  = 0.4 up to z  = 1.1, revealling significant and interesting trends in mean halo mass, linear bias, and satellite fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents summaries of completed and further experiments of United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration using commercial standard protocols such as asynchronous transfer mode and transmission control protocol/Internet protocol over broadband networks. Areas of concern regarding broadband satellite communications; Description of protocols; Discussion on the research.

Synaptic dopamine release from embryonic nigral transplants has been monitored in the striatum of a patient with Parkinson's disease using [[sup 11]C]-raclopride positron emission tomography to measure dopamine D[sub 2] receptor occupancy by the endogenous transmitter. In this patient, who had received a transplant in the right putamen 10 years earlier, grafts had restored both basal and drug-induced dopamine release to normal levels. This was associated with sustained, marked clinical benefit and normalized levels of dopamine storage in the grafted putamen. Despite an ongoing disease process, grafted neurons can thus continue for a decade to store and release dopamine and give rise to substantial symptomatic relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of classroom discourse shows that the classroom must be seen as a site of cultural production; children are transformed as they are introduced to a new subject position-that of "student." Children are not passive objects of this work; they actively adopt this new position and on occasion they, equally actively, breach the classroom order. We argue that a splitting is produced- a division between child as member-of-family and child as student-in-classroom. As the year goes by, breaches of the order become less frequent, as new cultural mediators (reading, writing, arithmetic) crystallize this division in the person of each child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes studies of a HyperCard stack that was developed over a four-year period to assist beginning handicapped writers and their teachers. Design and procedure; Schedule of sampling; Measurements; Group means and standard deviations of spelling and grammatical errors.

Reflects on the use of computer tools to teach yesterday's curriculum in chemistry education. Changes in skills when machines are used; Stoichiometer as a silicon-based chemists' toll; Dilemma that experienced teachers face; Wrap-around curricula as a conventional alternative for teachers; Retrospective tutoring; Tutoring for traditional stoichiometry; Strategies. INSET: The tutoring sequence offered after balancing the chemical...

Discusses the impact of computers on chemical education, as well as, issues on motivation and curriculum revisions. Cognitive artifact; Treatment of students as cause of perceived learning problems; Connectionist model of designing curricula; Context dependence of facts; Assessment based on curriculum; Different instructional strategies versus revising the curriculum; Challenge of the unknown.

Reports on a study of kappa-opioid agonist inhibition of osmotically induced vasopressin (AVP) release at hypothalamic sites. Compartmentalized cultures; Assay methods; Data analysis; Insights on the findings of the study.

Focuses on the street painting which served as a memorial to Chilean youth Rodrigo Rojas de Negri and Carmen Gloria Quintana who were seized and later burned by the Chilean military on July 2, 1986, during a national protest against the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. Background on the movement against Pinochet; Mural as a religious symbol; Political symbol.

1. Phosphorylase b may be specifically labelled on one fast reacting sulphydryl group per sub-unit with 4-iodoacetamido-salicylic acid without loss of enzymic activity. 2. The fluorescence intensity of the covalently linked acetamido-salicylate is altered on the binding of substrate and effector ligands. 3. These fluorescence change were used to derive the "apparent" binding constants of the different ligands and to observe the interaction between them. 4. No change is observed in the fluorescence of the acetamido-salicylate label when phosphorylase b is converted into phosphorylase a. When the conversion is carried out in the presence of either AMP or glucose 6-phosphate there are fluoresence changes which reflect the differential ligand binding to the two forms of phosphorylase. The fluorescence method in the presence of ligands therefore provides a continuous assay for the b to a conversion. 5. Studies on the rate of interconversion revealed that the ratio of activities of non-phosphorylated phosphorylase b kinase at pH 6.8 and 8.4 is over 100 compared to a ratio of 3 for phosphorylated kinase. 6. Experiments carried out in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate directly demonstrated the presence of an intermediate active form of phosphorylase which binds glucose 6-phosphate tightly unlike fully phosphorylated phosphorylase a. 7. The association of phosphorylase a dimers to tetramers was detected in a mixture of acetamido-salicylate- phosphorylase and 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phosphorylase. The quenching of the fluorescence of the former by the latter species in the mixed tetramer enabled us to confirm that tetramer formation was slower than the appearance of phosphorylase a activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a series of 650 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies, nine bile leaks were identified (1.4%). Patients with bile leaks presented clinically at a mean of 4.9 days (range: 3-8 days) after surgery complaining of diffuse abdominal pain, ileus, and nausea. Laboratory values for complete blood counts and liver function tests were all mildly elevated. Definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of abnormal hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Management strategies included laparotomy and drain placement (n = 1), laparoscopy and drain placement (n = 3), ERCP and drainage (n = 4), and CT-guided percutaneous drainage (n = 1). When the etiology of the leakage was identified, it was most commonly either dysfunction of the cystic duct clips (n = 3) or leakage from a disrupted duct of Luschka (n = 2). The source of the remaining leaks (n = 4) was never determined. We conclude that bile leaks are an uncommon cause of morbidity following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Diagnosis can usually be made with nuclear medicine biliary tract scans and a variety of managements alternatives are successful in treating this complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a critique of the poetry of John Tranter and Robert Adamson. Poet Arthur Rimbaud's influence on Tranter and Adamson; Comparison between Tranter and Adamson; Crisis and mode of resolution.

cDNA clones coding for two closely related androgen-dependent sperm-coating glycoproteins secreted by the rat epididymis were selected by screening an epididymal cDNA library constructed in λgt 11 with affinity-purified antibody directed against the glycoproteins. The largest clone of 956 nucleotides provided coding information for a protein of 246 amino acids of which the first 19 residues comprise a putative signal peptide sequence which when cleaved would produce a mature protein of 227 residues and a molecular mass of 26 kDa. Confirmation of the identity of the clone was provided by a match between the amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence and the actual amino acid sequence determined for a tryptic peptide fragment of one of the pure glycoproteins. It is probable that the primary amino acid sequence of the two glycoproteins is identical. Northern blot and slot-blot analysis revealed that the mRNA for the glycoproteins is approximately 1250 nucleotides long and that the concentration of the mRNA in the epididymis is androgen-dependent. The glycoproteins and their mRNAs were unique to the epididymis as determined by Western and Northern blots, respectively, since signals were absent from skin, brain, liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle and testis. Cross-reacting proteins of slightly smaller apparent molecular mass were detected in extracts of mouse and guinea-pig epididymis, but not rabbit or bull epididymis. Comparison with existing protein data bases revealed that the epididymal glycoproteins display significant sequence homology with yeast carboxypeptidase Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The availability of water in the region between the Nile and the Euphrates Rivers varies widely in space and in time. Therefore, water management must focus on risk minimization, not maximum utilization. Water stress in the region stems from: (1) excessive demand for fresh water over the renewable supply; (2) pollution from growing volumes of waste; and (3) the natural flow of key water resources across (or under) international borders. The three forces interact, so any resolution must deal with all, together. Such resolution depends upon many changes, including reduction of the use of fresh water for irrigation, higher prices for water, charges for wastewater, greater efforts at water conservation, and institutions to promote joint, management of international water bodies, both surface and underground. Water may be the limiting factor for development throughout this region, but it is far cheaper to share water than to fight over it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study demonstrates that the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, can attenuate the proteinuria observed in a predominantly noninflammatory model of chronic renal disease in the rat. These data suggest that nitric oxide synthase may be involved in progressive renal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]