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There is emerging evidence for links between relationship factors and sleep quality. Existing research linking attachment orientation to sleep quality has yielded inconsistent effects, has focused on younger samples, and has not considered underlying mechanisms of action. This research addressed these gaps in two studies that investigated the links between attachment orientation and sleep quality in both younger/middle-aged (Study 1) and older (Study 2) adult couples using Actor–Partner Interdependence Models. We also tested mediating effects of relationship-specific security and negative affect. In both studies, participants completed surveys assessing their attachment orientation, sleep quality, and the proposed mediators. Both studies revealed that relationship-specific security and negative affect mediated the negative association between insecure attachment and one's own sleep quality. This research enhances our understanding of how attachment orientation affects sleep quality, provides a foundation for future research on relationship influences on sleep, and suggests avenues for improving sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) describes the transmission of DNA outside of direct ancestral lineages. The process is best characterised within the bacterial kingdom and can enable the acquisition of genetic traits that support bacterial adaptation to novel niches. The adaptation of bacteria to novel niches has particular relevance for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a therapeutic procedure which aims to resolve gut-related health conditions of individuals, through transplanted gut microbiota from healthy donors. Results: Three hundred eighty-one stool metagenomic samples from a placebo-controlled FMT trial for obese adolescents (the Gut Bugs Trial) were analysed for HGT, using two complementary methodologies. First, all putative HGT events, including historical HGT signatures, were quantified using the bioinformatics application WAAFLE. Second, metagenomic assembly and gene clustering were used to assess and quantify donor-specific genes transferred to recipients following the intervention. Both methodologies found no difference between the level of putative HGT events in the gut microbiomes of FMT and placebo recipients, post-intervention. HGT events facilitated by engrafted donor species in the FMT recipient gut at 6 weeks post-intervention were identified and characterised. Bacterial strains contributing to this subset of HGT events predominantly belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Engraftment-dependent horizontally transferred genes were retained within recipient microbiomes at 12 and 26 weeks post-intervention. Conclusion: Our study suggests that novel microorganisms introduced into the recipient gut following FMT have no impact on the basal rate of HGT within the human gut microbiome. Analyses of further FMT studies are required to assess the generalisability of this conclusion across different FMT study designs and for the treatment of different gut-related conditions. 2UrCUamaK1-EwS1Lh8ra1u Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of tannin and monensin supplementation in feedlot diets and breed (Holstein vs. Angus × Holstein) on growth performance, energetic efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Eighty purebred Holstein calves (HOL ; initial body weight (BW) = 130 ± 5 kg) and 80 Angus × Holstein calves (AXH ; initial BW = 129 ± 6 kg) were blocked by initial BW and randomly assigned to 40 pens. Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diet supplemented with (1) no feed additive (CON) ; (2) 30 mg of monensin/kg of dry matter (DM ; MON ; Rumensin 90, Elanco, Greenfield, IN); (3) 1.5 g tannin)/kg of DM (TAN ; ByPro, 70% condensed tannin, SilvaFeed, Indunor, S.A. Buenos Aires, Argentina); (4) M + T , the combination of MON plus TAN dietary treatments. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, using pens as experimental units. There were no interactions (P  > 0.05) between feed additives and breed. Supplemental MON increased (P  ≤ 0.04) initial 112-d BW and gain efficiency. However, there were no dietary treatment effects (P  > 0.10) on overall growth performance. Monensin supplementation decreased (P  = 0.04) minimum daily ruminal temperature compared with other dietary treatments during July, but TAN did not affect ruminal temperature. Holstein steers had greater (P  = 0.04) overall DM intake compared with AXH, with no difference (P  = 0.19) in overall ADG, leading to increased (P  < 0.01) gain efficiency for AXH compared with HOL. Dietary net energy for maintenance and gain, based on growth performance, were greater (P  ≤ 0.01) for AXH vs HOL. Compared with HOL, AXH steers had greater (P  ≤ 0.01) carcass weight, dressing percentage, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, 12th rib fat thickness, longissimus area, and preliminary yield grade. Holstein steers had lower (P  ≤ 0.04) minimum average ruminal temperature during June compared with AXH, with no differences (P  ≥ 0.14) between breeds during July or August. Results indicate that feed additives did not appreciably affect steer growth performance and carcass characteristics, but crossbred AXH steers had greater growth performance, efficiency of dietary energy utilization, and carcass quality measures compared with HOL. This study observed a reduction (4.7%) in maintenance energy expenditure in AXH compared with HOL, implying in maintenance energy coefficient of 0.086 vs 0.082 for HOL and AXH, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in treating mental disorders and addresses the existing treatment gap in mental health care. It presents several studies and interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, electroacupuncture, and psychomotor therapy, that have shown promise in improving mental health outcomes. The article also emphasizes the significance of community-based programs and the need for further research in this field. The document discusses various studies on mental health interventions and treatments, including a study on a culturally-adapted psychological intervention in Portugal, a crisis intervention program for healthcare workers in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of compression clothing on children with autism spectrum disorder, the use of neurofeedback to improve self-concept in children with learning disorders, and a family intervention for adolescents with depression. These studies provide valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of different interventions for mental health issues across diverse populations. [Extracted from the article]