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201. Suppression of ϒ(1S) at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Author: Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Z. Buthelezi, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Alberto Caliva, G. Viesti, F. Carena, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, Taku Gunji, V. Lenti, Deepa Thomas, Myunggeun Song, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, V. Grigoriev, Rudiger Haake, Krzysztof Redlich, Sami Sakari Rasanen, S. P. Sorensen, Y. Corrales Morales, I. Garishvili, B. Grinyov, D. De Gruttola, Håvard Helstrup, Federico Cindolo, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Jubin Mitra, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Ian Gardner Bearden, Constantinos Loizides, L. Šándor, A. Nedosekin, Guy Paic, Mihai Petrovici, Anton Alkin, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, D. Elia, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, J. W. Van Hoorne, Jurgen Schukraft, Federico Antinori, K. Das, Chiara Zampolli, Satyabrata Kar, Rosario Turrisi, D. Miśkowiec, Jørgen André Lien, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, A. A. Vinogradov, Chengxin Zhao, S. K. Oh, S. Li, Ramona Lea, Meidana Huang, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, R. A. Soltz, R. A. Ricci, V. P. Kondratiev, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Ombretta Pinazza, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, G.F. Segato, D. I. Patalakha, P. González-Zamora, T. Breitner, F. V. Böhmer, Mihai Niculescu, Andrey Vasiliev, Néstor Armesto, Emilia Leogrande, Mohd Danish Azmi, Silvia Arcelli, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Gideon Francois Steyn, Antonio Uras, Julien Faivre, Elisa Meninno, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Stefania Beole, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Michael Wang, Teodor Siemiarczuk, G. de Cataldo, Enrico Scomparin, M. Kretz, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Premomoy Ghosh, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, E. Floratos, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Anton Jusko, Eugen Mudnic, Jorn Henning Putschke, Nikita Agrawal, Bruno Alessandro, Luke David Hanratty, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, Martijn Reicher, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. Vyushin, Y. Sibiriak, J. Martin Blanco, Stefano Piano, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Theo Alexander Broker, Ali Zaman, Mikhail Malaev, Xiangrong Zhu, B. von Haller, Y. Wang, T. C. Awes, M. Veldhoen, A. Karasu Uysal, G. S. Pappalardo, Alessandra Fantoni, Angela Badala, Iwona Anna Sputowska, R. Dang, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Dario Berzano, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Tatiana Karavicheva, Angelo Rivetti, M. E. Connors, B. S. Nilsen, Peter Malzacher, Alessandro Ferretti, Subikash Choudhury, Satyajit Jena, Alberto Collu, G.S. Shabratova, Paolo Giubellino, Philippe Crochet, Marco Marquard, J. Anielski, S.A. Sadovsky, Maxime Guilbaud, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, S. Rohni, Christian Claude Kuhn, Pooja Pareek, Janet Elizabeth Seger, N. Zaviyalov, Artem Shangaraev, T. J. M. Symons, Andrea Agostinelli, Linda Vickovic, Elena Rocco, H. Appelshäuser, D. Fabris, Yonghong Zhang, Igor Lakomov, D. Budnikov, Tome Anticic, Ketil Røed, L. Manceau, Attiq Ur Rehman, Manuel Colocci, P. Cerello, HT Yang, Michelangelo Agnello, A. Rodriguez Manso, Sergey Nikolaev, A. Gomez Ramirez, Benjamin Donigus, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, Felix Reidt, Antonin Maire, Andrea Francescon, V. Catanescu, Iosif Legrand, Anand Kumar Dubey, Peter Chochula, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Motoi Inaba, Eugenio Scapparone, V. Chibante Barroso, Jeremy John Wilkinson, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, Alexander Kluge, Satoshi Yano, C. Bedda, L. Vannucci, J. Porter, C. Baumann, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Daniel Berenyi, Alessandra Lattuca, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, J. L. Charvet, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, Alexander Akindinov, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Christophe Pierre Suire, Vikas Singhal, Cristiane Jahnke, Beomsu Chang, Antonino Zichichi, G. Conesa Balbastre, Redmer Alexander Bertens, G. V. Margagliotti, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, F.F. Guber, A. Di Mauro, Agneta Oskarsson, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Peter Christiansen, Andrey Zarochentsev, Vladimir Belyaev, Sergey Gorbunov, Zubayer Ahammed, Paolo Martinengo, Joel Anthony Mazer, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Martin Schulc, Juyeon Yi, A. Matyja, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Ivan Kisel, Sean Murray, Vardanush Papikyan, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Anthony Robert Timmins, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, C. Oppedisano, Rashmi Raniwala, Y. Kucheriaev, M. A. Diaz Corchero, C. Ionita, Maximiliano Puccio, Michael Andreas Winn, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, Stefan Thomas Heckel, D. Vranic, D. Silvermyr, Vitaly Loginov, Giacomo Bruno, Michal Petran, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, R. Scott, Oleg Karavichev, Fiorella Maria Celeste Fionda, Christian Holm Christensen, M. Vajzer, Domenico Colella, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, Shingo Sakai, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, C. Hadjidakis, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, C. Garabatos, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Claude Andre Pruneau, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Biswarup Paul, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Rune Langøy, Costin Grigoras, Roberta Arnaldi, Francesco Noferini, Øystein Djuvsland, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Eleazar Cuautle, C. Alves Garcia Prado, Alexander Mamonov, Fengchu Zhou, Sona Pochybova, Muhammad Ajaz, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, Roberto Barbera, Hans Muller, Valeria Muccifora, Yongwook Baek, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Jan Cepila, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, F. Soramel, Alexis Jean-Michel Mas, Evgeny Karpechev, Ionel Stan, Ajay Kumar Dash, Levente Molnar, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, A. K. Bhati, Podist Kurashvili, Y. P. Viyogi, T. Aronsson, Nikolai Smirnov, Anik Gupta, Vit Kucera, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Paola Gianotti, Raphael Noel Tieulent, M. Masera, C. Søgaard, D. Pant, Paolo Pagano, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, Bedangadas Mohanty, Tatsuya Chujo, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Rajeev Singh, E. Dénes, J. H. Kang, X. Cai, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Jan Wagner, X. Sanchez Castro, Gilda Scioli, J. de Cuveland, J. Mlynarz, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, Philippe Rosnet, E. A. R. Casula, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, Ralf Keidel, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Sang Un Ahn, Alice Zimmermann, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, A. Szanto de Toledo, Lucile Ronflette, L. Calero Diaz, M. Spacek, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Luciano Musa, D. R. Gangadharan, Peter Kalinak, Valery Punin, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, M. Berger, Tim Schuster, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Bikash Sinha, Vito Manzari, Viktor Riabov, Cristina Terrevoli, Janka Vrlakova, Yu.N. Pestov, Indranil Das, Andrey Reshetin, T. J. Humanic, Kai Oliver Schweda, Alberto Masoni, Valentina Zaccolo, Sandro Bjelogrlic, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Y. Zoccarato, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Franco Meddi, Dagmar Adamová, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Richa Gupta, N. Grion, T. Pawlak, E. Nappi, K. Šafařík, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, I. E. Yushmanov, Franck Manso, X. G. Lu, V. R. Loggins, Chinorat Kobdaj, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Antonio Rossi, Giacomo Volpe, Hege Austrheim Erdal, S. Vergara Limón, Peter Levai, Ana Maria Marin, Jaroslav Adam, Xiang Zhang, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Mihaela Gheata, J. Zhu, Vladimir Kaplin, Y. L. Yamaguchi, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, F. Blanco, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Maria Nicassio, Zhuo Zhou, Marian Krivda, Thomas Peitzmann, Alexei Khanzadeev, H. Bøggild, D. P. Mahapatra, Davide Falchieri, Saehanseul Oh, F. Rettig, Philippe Pillot, Z. Yin, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, Olja Dordic, Z. Conesa del Valle, Marek Kowalski, J. S. Kim, Natasha Sharma, Mikhail Ippolitov, Dong Jo Kim, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Ermanno Vercellin, J. S. Real, L. Cunqueiro, I. S. Zgura, G. Santagati, M. C. S. Williams, Matthias Richter, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Amalia Pop, A. Szczepankiewicz, Marton Vargyas, Rachid Guernane, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Federico Ronchetti, Imrich Szarka, E. Stenlund, Nicole Bastid, Daniel Lohner, Arturo Tauro, Natalia Kondratyeva, Branislav Sitar, Natalia Zhigareva, Andrea Dubla, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Ivan Vorobyev, Y. F. Ryabov, Stefania Bufalino, J. Thäder, R. Varma, Catia Petta, Marc Weber, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, David Michael Rohr, G. Puddu, E. H.O. Pohjoisaho, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, I. Kulakov, Øystein Senneset Haaland, Francesco Bossu, Debojit Sarkar, Andre Mischke, B. Ghidini, Friederike Bock, C. Cavicchioli, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Arild Velure, Frederick Kramer, M. A. Lisa, A. Jacholkowski, Gyula Bencedi, J. Lehnert, C. G. Yaldo, Peter Glassel, J. D. Tapia Takaki, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Ankhi Roy, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Francesco Riggi, Michal Broz, Filippo Costa, Dieter Røhrich, J.A. Mares, D. S. Hwang, A. Feliciello, Ijaz Ahmed, V. Wagner, M. Cherney, Ara Grigoryan, E. G. Ferreiro, G. Herrera Corral, Nicole Alice Martin, C. Pajares, R. N. Singaraju, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Adrian Sevcenco, Rosi Reed, Thomas Michael Cormier, Ilaria Aimo, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Panagiota Foka, Francesco Barile, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Latchezar Betev, Rosario Nania, Oliver Busch, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Michael Linus Knichel, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, M. Gallio, Alex Hansen, Jochen Gerhard, K. H. Khan, M. Heide, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Ralf Peter Averbeck, C. Lagana Fernandes, Rishat Sultanov, Ping Yang, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, Alberica Toia, H. Zhang, Magnus Mager, Monika Kofarago, T. Susa, Mesut Arslandok, Grazia Luparello, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, Jens Wiechula, Paraskevi Ganoti, Jacobus Onderwaater, Rui Ma, Marco Leoncino, Sergey Nazarenko, A. J. Rubio Montero, Hans Peter Beck, Heidrun E. K. Hartmann, Hongbo Zhu, Betty Abelev, Jeewon Seo, M. Bombara, M. Steinpreis, Salvatore Aiola, B. K. Srivastava, Dominik Fehlker, Lawrence Pinsky, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, L. V. Malinina, Yu. V. Kharlov, Werner Riegler, T.H. Kim, R. Romita, S. Yasnopolskiy, Brigitte Cheynis, Raymond James Ehlers, Petr Zavada, Deepika Rathee, M. van Leeuwen, Jochen Klein, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, W. J. Park, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Graham Richard Lee, Joakim Nystrand, Ali Okatan, Christoph Mayer, Roman Lietava, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, I. León Monzón, G. Stefanek, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, R. D. Majka, Sibaji Raha, Jozef Ferencei, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Vladimir Nikulin, F. Scarlassara, Maria Haiduc, Hannes Jung, Boris Hippolyte, Adela Kravcakova, K. Shtejer, S. K. Pal, Goran Simatovic, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Michal Sumbera, Austin Vincent Harton, J. P. Revol, V. Razazi, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Y. Martynov, C. Cicalo, Sohail Musa Mahmood, Sergey Kiselev, Ante Bilandzic, S. Kox, Benjamin Andreas Hess, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Hideki Hamagaki, Anselmo Margotti, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, Kyrre Skjerdal, R. Russo, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, M. R. Cosentino, G. Hamar, S. L. La Pointe, David H. Evans, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Andreas Morsch, A. Palmeri, Bastian Bathen, Uwe Westerhoff, A. Pesci, Thanushan Kugathasan, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, Bongsoo Kim, Laurent Ducroux, Pragati Sahoo, A. A. P. Suaide, Henrik Qvigstad, Sk Noor Alam, M. Basile, Alexey Kurepin, Diego Stocco, Yasuo Miake, You Zhou, Debasish Das, Annalisa Mastroserio, J. W. Harris, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, G. D'Erasmo, E. Montes, F. Prino, D. L. D. Keijdener, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Sandra Moretto, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, Igor Altsybeev, A. Rachevski, E. M. Fiore, Steffen Georg Weber, Seyong Kim, Laure Marie Massacrier, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Silvia Masciocchi, Renu Bala, Palash Khan, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, Laszlo Olah, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, H.R. Gulkanyan, Anju Bhasin, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, G. A. Feofilov, Andrei Gheata, M. Esposito, Alexandru Bercuci, Torsten Alt, Kenta Shigaki, A. Tarantola Peloni, A. De Falco, Stefano Bagnasco, Johannes Hendrik Stiller, M. Wilde, P. Vande Vyvre, Sonia Parmar, Maria Vasileiou, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, Shiming Yang, C. Bianchin, M. Zhalov, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Nikola Poljak, I. Cortés Maldonado, Zabulon Vilakazi, Sylvain Chapeland, Massimiliano Marchisone, A. S. Nyanin, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Kishora Nayak, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, S. A. Ahn, Rinaldo Rui, H. Pereira Da Costa, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Supriya Das, Vladislav Manko, Bogdan Vulpescu, Igor Pshenichnov, D. Watanabe, M. Fusco Girard, Sergey Evdokimov, Jason Kamin, A. W. Rauf, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, S. Böttger, I. K. Yoo, Jan Figiel, Cinzia Luzzi, F. J. Sánchez Rodríguez, Jovan Milosevic, Jiri Kral, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. B. Kurepin, R. Belmont, M. Estienne, Alexandre Shabetai, Anders Garritt Knospe, C. Lara, J. Bartke, Petra Riedler, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Alberto Baldisseri, Markus Fasel, Pietro Cortese, M. Venaruzzo, D. Eschweiler, Boris Wagner, Tyler Allen Browning, J. G. Contreras, Shinichi Hayashi, Alla Maevskaya, Naghmeh Mohammadi, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, M. I. Martínez, Michal Krelina, Sven Gotovac, R. de Rooij, Mirko Planinic, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Leonardo Milano, L. Aphecetche, C.J. Schmidt, E. Calvo Villar, Stefan Kirsch, S. Schuchmann, Sergey Nikulin, Vladimir Ivanov, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Didier Alexandre, G. L. Usai, Vladimir Vechernin, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Johannes Peter Wessels, Alessandro Grelli, R. Cruz Albino, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, S. K. Basu, Jaime Norman, M. Pachr, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Madan M. Aggarwal, S. Dørheim, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Ken Oyama, Jean-Yves Grossiord, Cenek Zach, Andrea Alici, Dai-Mei Zhou, Yves Roland Schutz, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, D. Di Bari, S. Esumi, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, S. U. Chung, A. Tarazona Martinez, Lee Stuart Barnby, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Elena Rogochaya, M. Kim, P. I. Loenne, Anton Andronic, H. J. Jang, Jan Hladky, Baldo Sahlmuller, S. Sharma, A. De Caro, J. Van Der Maarel, P. Di Nezza, Raimond Snellings, S. K. Ghosh, Jihyun Bhom, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, D. W. Kim, Johanna Stachel, Jiuzhou Song, M. Bach, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, Boris Batyunya, M. Sano, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Subhash Singha, Rene Bellwied, Annika Passfeld, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Andrea Festanti, Jana Bielcikova, Sebastian Kalcher, Bjarte Kileng, Rama Chandra Baral, Peter Graham Jones, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, Andrzej Deloff, D. Felea, J. Book, Andre Augustinus, E. Botta, M. A. Tangaro, Roberto Preghenella, Marek Chojnacki, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, M. Bogolyubsky, M. Gumbo, Marie Germain, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Maksym Zyzak, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, Markus Konrad Kohler, Carlos A. Salgado, Christophe Furget, and Tomoya Tsuji
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Large Hadron Collider, Quark–gluon plasma, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Modification factor, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: We report on the measurement of the inclusive Υ (1S) production in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV carried out at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) and down to zero transverse momentum using its μ+μ− decay channel with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A strong suppression of the inclusive Υ (1S) yield is observed with respect to pp collisions scaled by the number of independent nucleon– nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, for events in the 0–90% centrality range, amounts to 0.30 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.04(syst). The observed Υ (1S) suppression tends to increase with the centrality of the collision and seems more pronounced than in corresponding mid-rapidity measurements. Our results are compared with model calculations, which are found to underestimate the measured suppression and fail to reproduce its rapidity dependence.
Published: 2014

202. Morphological investigation of P3HT/PCBM heterojunction and its effects on the performance of bilayer organic solar cells

Author: Kyungkon Kim, BongSoo Kim, Xie Lin, Taehee Kim, Soyeon Yoon, and Jeesoo Seok
Subjects: Materials science, Organic solar cell, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Heterojunction, Hybrid solar cell, Quantum dot solar cell, Condensed Matter Physics, Polymer solar cell, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Photoactive layer, Mechanics of Materials, law, Solar cell, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business
Abstract: Organic solar cells utilizing a P3HT/PCBM bilayer ( BL ) as their photoactive layer are fabricated using a sequential solution process. The film morphology and solar cell performance are investigated by changing the thickness of PCBM layer. The power conversion efficiency (PEC) of a BL solar cell strongly depends on the thickness of the PCBM layer; this value increases significantly after thermal annealing above the glass transition temperature of the P3HT. Based on the water contact angle and photoluminescence (PL) measurements, most of the PCBM was diffused into the amorphous P3HT region after thermal annealing. The external quantum efficiency spectrum reveals that the morphology of the P3HT in the BL solar cell is crystalline, even without thermal annealing, in contrast to the bulk heterojunction films. Moreover, thermal annealing improves charge collection efficiency by generating crystalline P3HT and PCBM domains. The transient photovoltage experiments suggest that the morphology of P3HT and PCBM in the BL solar cell reduces the charge recombination better than that in the BHJ solar cell. The BL solar cell exhibits a PEC of 3.54%, similar to that of the BHJ solar cell.
Published: 2014

203. Photoresponsive Transistors Based on a Dual Acceptor-Containing Low-Bandgap Polymer

Author: Shinyoung Choi, Bongsoo Kim, Jeong Ho Cho, Hyojung Heo, Myeongjae Lee, Min Je Kim, and Youngu Lee
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Photocurrent, Electron mobility, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), business.industry, Band gap, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Thermal treatment, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Charge carrier, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: In this Article, low-bandgap pTTDPP-BT polymers based on electron-accepting pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione (DPP) and benzothiadiazole (BT) and electron-donating thienothiophene (TT) moieties were synthesized. Phototransistors have been fabricated using ambipolar-behaving pTTDPP-BT polymers as active channel materials. The electrical and photoresponsive properties of the pTTDPP-BT phototransistors were strongly dependent on the film annealing temperature. As-spun pTTDPP-BT phototransistors exhibited a low hole mobility of 0.007 cm2/(V·s) and a low electron mobility of 0.005 cm2/(V·s), which resulted in low photocurrent detection due to the limited transport of the charge carriers. Thermal treatment of the polymer thin films led to a significant enhancement in the carrier mobilities (hole and electron mobilities of 0.066 and 0.115 cm2/(V·s), respectively, for 200 °C annealing) and thus significantly improved photoresponsive properties. The 200 °C-annealed phototransistors showed a wide-range wavelen...
Published: 2017

204. Ultraflat, Ultraclean Au Nanoplate for Supersenstive Detection of Anti-CCPs

Author: Eungwang Kim, Bongsoo Kim, and Hyoban Lee
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences
Published: 2017

205. Study of Active Steering Algorithm Logic in EPS Systems by Detecting Vehicle Driving Conditions

Author: Nam Young Kim, Sanghyuk Lee, K. B. Lee, Bongsoo Kim, Tae soo Chi, and Do young Kim
Subjects: Engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, business, Vehicle driving, Automotive engineering, Active steering
Published: 2017

206. Highly Sensitive Flexible NH

Author: Benjamin, Nketia-Yawson, A-Ra, Jung, Yohan, Noh, Gi-Seong, Ryu, Grace Dansoa, Tabi, Kyung-Koo, Lee, BongSoo, Kim, and Yong-Young, Noh
Abstract: Understanding the sensing mechanism in organic chemical sensors is essential for improving the sensing performance such as detection limit, sensitivity, and other response/recovery time, selectivity, and reversibility for real applications. Here, we report a highly sensitive printed ammonia (NH
Published: 2017

207. Antireflective Films: Super-Antireflective Structure Films with Precisely Controlled Refractive Index Profile (Advanced Optical Materials 3/2017)

Author: Han Sup Lee, Bongsoo Kim, Youngwoon Yoon, Chi Won Ahn, Young Min Song, Jaehoon Jung, Kiwoon Choi, Il-Suk Kang, Min Jae Ko, and Gil Ju Lee
Subjects: Materials science, Organic solar cell, Anodizing, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Refractive index profile, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Optics, Anti-reflective coating, law, Optical materials, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Published: 2017

208. Blood-testis barrier integrity depends on Pin1 expression in Sertolicells

Author: Yun-Sil Lee, Bongsoo Kim, Han-Sol Bae, Hye-Rim Shin, Kyung Mi Woo, Heein Yoon, Hyun-Mo Ryoo, Won-Joon Yoon, Rabia Islam, Woojin Kim, and Jeong-Hwa Baek
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Science, Gene Expression, Connexin, Biology, Article, Cell Line, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, FGF9, Internal medicine, Testis, medicine, Animals, Smad3 Protein, WT1 Proteins, Blood-Testis Barrier, Blood–testis barrier, Sertoli Cells, Multidisciplinary, urogenital system, Cadherins, Sertoli cell, Activins, Cell biology, NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase, Repressor Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, PIN1, Medicine, Spermatogenesis, Immunostaining, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The conformation and function of a subset of serine and threonine-phosphorylated proteins are regulated by the prolyl isomerase Pin1 through isomerization of phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds. Pin1 is intensely expressed in Sertoli cells, but its function in this post mitotic cell remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of Pin1 in the Sertoli cells. Lack of Pin1 caused disruption of the blood-testis barrier. We next investigated if the activin pathways in the Sertoli cells were affected by lack of Pin1 through immunostaining for Smad3 protein in testis tissue. Indeed, lack of Pin1 caused reduced Smad3 expression in the testis tissue, as well as a reduction in the level of N-Cadherin, a known target of Smad3. Pin1−/− testes express Sertoli cell marker mRNAs in a pattern similar to that seen in Smad3+/− mice, except for an increase in Wt1 expression. The resulting dysregulation of N-Cadherin, connexin 43, and Wt1 targets caused by lack of Pin1 might affect the mesenchymal–epithelial balance in the Sertoli cells and perturb the blood-testis barrier. The effect of Pin1 dosage in Sertoli cells might be useful in the study of toxicant-mediated infertility, gonadal cancer, and for designing male contraceptives.
Published: 2017

209. 4-Arm Star Shaped and Linear Block Copolymers for Copper Phthalocyanine Dispersion

Author: Jonghwa Jeong, Kisuck Jung, Hyun-jong Paik, Bongsoo Kim, Ji-Hye Jung, and Byoungjae Kim
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, General Chemical Engineering, Degree of polymerization, Methacrylate, Electron transfer, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Dispersion stability, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Dispersion (chemistry), Ethylene glycol
Abstract: Well-defined star shaped and linear block copolymers were synthesized to study the dispersion stability of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). We synthesized dispersants using (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PEGMA) by activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). pDMAEMA-b-pPEGMA copolymers were characterized by GPC and NMR. Furthermore, we studied the effect of the dispersion stability of copper phthalocyanine by controlling the degree of polymerization of PEGMA as a stabilizing group. The 4-arm star shaped polymeric dispersant showed better dispersion stability of CuPc at 25 C for 7 days.
Published: 2014

210. Simultaneous Enhancement of Solar Cell Efficiency and Photostability via Chemical Tuning of Electron Donating Units in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Push–Pull Type Polymers

Author: Doh-Kwon Lee, Do-Hoon Hwang, Hae Jung Son, Min Jae Ko, BongSoo Kim, Nam-Gyu Park, Tae In Ryu, Honggon Kim, Youngwoon Yoon, Ji-Hoon Kim, and Jin Young Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Band gap, Organic Chemistry, Energy conversion efficiency, Stacking, Polymer, Photochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Delocalized electron, Solar cell efficiency, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Charge carrier
Abstract: We synthesized a series of push–pull-type copolymers by copolymerizing an electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole with three electron-donating benzodithiophene (BDT) moieties. PDPPDTT, which incorporated a dithienothiophene (DTT), showed a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.11% compared to 3.31% for the BDT-based polymer (PDPPBDT). PDPPDTBDT, which incorporated a dithienobenzodithiophene (DTBDT), also exhibited superior performance, with a PCE of 4.75% although this value was lower than that obtained for PDPPDTT. The presence of the DTT unit in the polymer backbone lowered the energy bandgap of the polymer and induced an optimal morphology in the polymer:PC71BM blend film, resulting in higher charge carrier generation. Furthermore, the effectively delocalized frontier orbitals of PDPPDTT enhanced intermolecular interactions between the polymer chains by favoring effective π–π stacking, which facilitated charge carrier transport. By contrast, PDPPDTBDT unexpectedly showed a low-crystallinity thi...
Published: 2014

211. Production of charged pions, kaons and protons at large transverse momenta in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Author: G.F. Segato, D. I. Patalakha, F. V. Böhmer, G. de Cataldo, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, M. Bombara, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Graham Richard Lee, M. Veldhoen, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Supriya Das, Alessandra Fantoni, Angela Badala, V. Kushpil, V. Grigoriev, Austin Vincent Harton, A. Rodriguez Manso, Y. Corrales Morales, A. Di Mauro, Federico Carminati, S. Rohni, Vladislav Manko, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Jörg Bornschein, Theo Alexander Broker, Bogdan Vulpescu, Silvia Arcelli, A. Ter Minasyan, Anand Kumar Dubey, Thanushan Kugathasan, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, J. Ulery, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, Laurent Ducroux, E. A. R. Casula, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, P. González-Zamora, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Y. Kucheriaev, J. D. Tapia Takaki, Ralf Keidel, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, I. K. Yoo, Alexandre Shabetai, Alice Zimmermann, Bruno Alessandro, S. Vergara Limón, Peter Levai, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, E. M. Fiore, Tatiana Karavicheva, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, L. Vannucci, C. Lara, Tim Schuster, Subikash Choudhury, Alberto Collu, E. H.O. Pohjoisaho, Marian Krivda, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, A. Vyushin, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Matthias Richter, G. Herrera Corral, Peter Zahariev Hristov, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Stefania Bufalino, Giacomo Bruno, Michal Petran, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Rui Ma, J. Bartke, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, Ali Okatan, Christoph Mayer, C. Ceballos Sanchez, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Y. Zoccarato, Benjamin Andreas Hess, Kyrre Skjerdal, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Stefan Rossegger, David Michael Rohr, E. Montes, F. Prino, R. A. Soltz, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, Corrado Gargiulo, Domenico Colella, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, Xianguo Lu, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Lawrence Pinsky, Jochen Klein, Martin Schulc, G. S. Pappalardo, Ionel Stan, Ajay Kumar Dash, Levente Molnar, Juyeon Yi, Rashmi Raniwala, Claude Andre Pruneau, J. L. Charvet, Sergey Kiselev, Francesco Noferini, Paola Gianotti, Vito Manzari, Viktor Riabov, D. Eschweiler, Paolo Giubellino, Meidana Huang, A. De Falco, R. Dang, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Angelo Rivetti, Christine Nattrass, Satyajit Jena, ShinIchi Esumi, D. Silvermyr, Ermanno Vercellin, Indranil Das, I. S. Zgura, M. Wilde, Roberto Barbera, Elena Botta, M. Bogolyubsky, C. G. Yaldo, R. Grajcarek, Dominik Fehlker, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, P. Vande Vyvre, V. Altini, L. Manceau, Manuel Colocci, E. López Torres, Premomoy Ghosh, Andreas Morsch, Jaroslav Adam, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, Debasish Das, Yu. V. Kharlov, Maxime Guilbaud, M. E. Connors, Linda Vickovic, A. Pesci, V. Catanescu, Iosif Legrand, Sanjay K. Ghosh, Madan M. Aggarwal, J. P. Revol, Rajeev Singh, Maria Vasileiou, A. Szczepankiewicz, Federico Ronchetti, A. Kolojvari, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, Mihaela Gheata, S. Yasnopolskiy, Shiming Yang, D. Fabris, Yonghong Zhang, Marie Germain, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Maksym Zyzak, Andrey Zarochentsev, C. Bianchin, Konstantin Mikhaylov, E. Dénes, J. H. Kang, X. Cai, Iwona Anna Sputowska, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, Alexander Akindinov, Biswarup Paul, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Debojit Sarkar, B. Ghidini, F. Scarlassara, Andre Mischke, A. Jacholkowski, Rosario Turrisi, D. Miśkowiec, Laure Marie Massacrier, Malgorzata Anna Janik, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Ilaria Aimo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, Adela Kravcakova, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, Alberica Toia, H. Zhang, Magnus Mager, W. J. Park, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, M. Basile, Jørgen André Lien, Alexey Kurepin, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Boris Batyunya, Peter Chochula, Christophe Pierre Suire, Z. Conesa del Valle, Cenek Zach, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, Sang Un Ahn, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, Davide Falchieri, Rudiger Haake, Krzysztof Redlich, Michal Broz, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, D. Pant, Ana Maria Marin, Z. Yin, S. L. La Pointe, David H. Evans, Alessandro Ferretti, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, M. Krus, J. W. Harris, Michael Andreas Winn, A. J. Rubio Montero, A. Rachevski, Alla Maevskaya, M. Sano, Valentina Zaccolo, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, V. Canoa Roman, Peter Glassel, A. K. Bhati, R. N. Singaraju, Francesco Barile, Ali Zaman, Pietro Antonioli, Carlos A. Salgado, Luisa Cifarelli, W. Peryt, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, A. A. Vinogradov, Andrei Gheata, Markus Konrad Kohler, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Christophe Furget, Philippe Pillot, L. Cunqueiro, G. Santagati, Chengxin Zhao, M. Masera, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, J. Zhu, M. Vajzer, Hans Peter Beck, J.A. Mares, C. Alves Garcia Prado, D. S. Hwang, Attiq Ur Rehman, T. Aronsson, Silvia Masciocchi, S. Dørheim, I. Lakomov, Nikolai Smirnov, Nikola Poljak, Teodor Siemiarczuk, M. Zynovyev, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Subhash Singha, Nicole Alice Martin, A. Feliciello, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Sergey Nazarenko, Sona Pochybova, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Betty Abelev, Jeewon Seo, Grazia Luparello, Andrea Alici, Paraskevi Ganoti, Diego Stocco, L. V. Malinina, Anik Gupta, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, J. Bán, Motoi Inaba, M. I. Martínez, Dai-Mei Zhou, I. Cortés Maldonado, M. Lenhardt, S. K. Oh, Kenta Shigaki, C. Pajares, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Bastian Bathen, Stefan Thomas Heckel, S. Li, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, Brigitte Cheynis, Rene Bellwied, Roman Lietava, P. Crochet, Annika Passfeld, Heidrun E. K. Hartmann, Michal Krelina, Marco Marquard, Joakim Nystrand, Mirko Planinic, Sandro Bjelogrlic, M. van Leeuwen, T. J. M. Symons, D. P. Mahapatra, Y. F. Ryabov, Hannes Jung, Benjamin Donigus, Henrik Qvigstad, P. A. Scott, Yves Roland Schutz, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, G. D'Erasmo, Ramona Lea, A. Tarantola Peloni, Michael Linus Knichel, H.R. Gulkanyan, Anju Bhasin, Igor Altsybeev, G. A. Feofilov, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, Oleg Karavichev, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, Bedangadas Mohanty, Hideki Hamagaki, Anselmo Margotti, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, S. K. Pal, Goran Simatovic, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Saehanseul Oh, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Alberto Caliva, R. Gomez, S. A. Ahn, S. P. Sorensen, Seyong Kim, Agneta Oskarsson, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Y. Martynov, Evgeny Kryshen, E. Fragiacomo, Joel Anthony Mazer, Laszlo Olah, Ian Gardner Bearden, Cristian Andrei, Massimiliano Marchisone, A. S. Nyanin, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Filip Krizek, F. Bellini, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Branislav Sitar, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Christian Holm Christensen, M. Zhalov, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Eleazar Cuautle, Catia Petta, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Igor Pshenichnov, Arild Velure, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, A. Matyja, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, C.J. Schmidt, F. Blanco, D. Di Bari, Janusz Oleniacz, D. De Gruttola, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Jihye Song, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Torsten Alt, Alexey Kuryakin, F. Zhang, M. A. Tangaro, Roberto Preghenella, Filimon Roukoutakis, Z. Buthelezi, G. Viesti, V. Wagner, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, E. G. Ferreiro, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, S. U. Chung, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, Marek Chojnacki, I. Ilkiv, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, E. Serradilla, Sean Murray, Alexander Mamonov, Fengchu Zhou, A. Szanto de Toledo, Tatsuya Chujo, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, Lucile Ronflette, Luciano Musa, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, A. W. Rauf, T. Susa, Mesut Arslandok, Muhammad Ajaz, Mihai Petrovici, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Adrian Sevcenco, I. Garishvili, Jan Figiel, J. Martin Blanco, F. J. Sánchez Rodríguez, S. Böttger, Andrea Festanti, Stefano Piano, HT Yang, Federico Cindolo, Jana Bielcikova, L. Šándor, V. Pospíšil, Werner Riegler, Mikhail Malaev, T.H. Kim, Jovan Milosevic, M. Spacek, Sebastian Kalcher, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. B. Kurepin, D. R. Gangadharan, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, Raimond Snellings, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, R. Smakal, F. Rettig, Federico Antinori, A. Casanova Díaz, Alessandro Grelli, Bjarte Kileng, S. Schuchmann, V. Razazi, Xiangrong Zhu, Rama Chandra Baral, F. Carena, A. Karasu Uysal, Taku Gunji, Peter Graham Jones, Ara Grigoryan, Marc Weber, Gideon Francois Steyn, J. de Cuveland, J. Mlynarz, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, P. Rosnet, Andrey Reshetin, Jihyun Bhom, A. M. Gago, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Anton Alkin, Smbat Grigoryan, R. Cruz Albino, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, S. K. Basu, A. Nedosekin, M. Estienne, Rainer Martin Schicker, M. Mohisin Khan, E. Nappi, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Vladimir Ivanov, Vardanush Papikyan, Anders Garritt Knospe, Andrzej Deloff, D. Budnikov, Didier Alexandre, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Nikita Agrawal, V. Bairathi, Y. J. Kwon, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, R. Mazumder, Alberto Baldisseri, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Ombretta Pinazza, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, D. Felea, J. Book, R. Scott, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, M. R. Cosentino, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, Andre Augustinus, B. Hicks, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Dagmar Adamová, Mihai Niculescu, J. W. Van Hoorne, R. A. Ricci, V. P. Kondratiev, T. Breitner, Michael Wang, Andrey Vasiliev, Vikas Singhal, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, D. W. Kim, Artem Shangaraev, Bongsoo Kim, Johanna Stachel, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Imrich Szarka, Enrico Scomparin, M. Pachr, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Y. Wang, M. Bach, Antonino Zichichi, Nicole Bastid, Daniel Lohner, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Hans Muller, C. Cavicchioli, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Frederick Kramer, Néstor Armesto, B. S. Nilsen, A. Tarazona Martinez, Lee Stuart Barnby, Valeria Muccifora, Ankhi Roy, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, G. L. Usai, M. Steinpreis, Elena Rogochaya, Radiy Ilkaev, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, A. G. Bogdanov, Hongbo Zhu, M. Kim, Petr Zavada, Vladimir Kaplin, Deepika Rathee, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Andrea Francescon, P. I. Loenne, J. Porter, C. Baumann, Felix Reidt, Andrea Agostinelli, V. Chibante Barroso, Anton Andronic, Alessandra Lattuca, H. J. Jang, Oleksii Ivanytskyi, You Zhou, Emilia Leogrande, Mohd Danish Azmi, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Jan Hladky, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Ivan Kisel, Tome Anticic, Marta Verweij, Antonin Maire, Baldo Sahlmuller, S. Sharma, Marek Kowalski, Friederike Bock, A. De Caro, J. Van Der Maarel, P. Di Nezza, F. Soramel, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, Raghunath Sahoo, M. Heide, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Ante Bilandzic, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, M. A. Diaz Corchero, C. Ionita, B. von Haller, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Ken Oyama, Alexis Jean-Michel Mas, S. Kox, G. Hamar, Elisa Incani, R. Russo, Franco Meddi, Markus Fasel, Øystein Djuvsland, Yasuo Miake, Pietro Cortese, C. Xiang, Sandra Moretto, Franck Manso, Chinorat Kobdaj, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, Hege Austrheim Erdal, Palash Khan, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Evgeny Karpechev, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, G. Aglieri Rinella, A. Ahmad Masoodi, Dong Jo Kim, I. Kulakov, Stefano Bagnasco, Johannes Hendrik Stiller, Øystein Senneset Haaland, Francesco Bossu, Zabulon Vilakazi, Sylvain Chapeland, Renu Bala, Christoph Blume, Xiang Zhang, Gennady Zinovjev, Alexander Kluge, E. Calvo Villar, Andrzej Rybicki, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Rinaldo Rui, H. Pereira Da Costa, Stefan Kirsch, Vit Kucera, Sergey Nikulin, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, C. Søgaard, Eugen Mudnic, Jorn Henning Putschke, M. Fusco Girard, Sadhana Dash, Redmer Alexander Bertens, G. V. Margagliotti, Dieter Røhrich, Jiebin Luo, Sergey Evdokimov, Jason Kamin, Cinzia Luzzi, Jiri Kral, F.F. Guber, Zubayer Ahammed, Martijn Reicher, J. Castillo Castellanos, Y. Sibiriak, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, K. Shtejer, Boris Wagner, Tyler Allen Browning, Giacomo Volpe, J. G. Contreras, Shinichi Hayashi, Natasha Sharma, C. Garabatos, Kamal Hussain Khan, Mikhail Ippolitov, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, S.A. Sadovsky, Christian Claude Kuhn, Alexandru Bercuci, Elena Rocco, J.-Y. Grossiord, H. Appelshäuser, Ketil Røed, P. Cerello, Sergey Nikolaev, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Eugenio Scapparone, D. Watanabe, Bikash Sinha, N. Grion, Peter Kalinak, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Valery Punin, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, M. Berger, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Sven Gotovac, R. de Rooij, D. Peresunko, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Kirill Voloshin, Antonio Rossi, Leonardo Milano, L. Aphecetche, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Vladimir Vechernin, Filippo Costa, Oliver Busch, Monika Kofarago, Nicolas Arbor, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, Jens Wiechula, Salvatore Aiola, J. S. Real, B. K. Srivastava, Johannes Peter Wessels, R. Romita, Raymond James Ehlers, G. Stefanek, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, M. C. S. Williams, Boris Hippolyte, Arturo Tauro, Anton Jusko, Emmanuel Floratos, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, Giacomo Contin, G.S. Shabratova, J. Anielski, Michelangelo Agnello, Satoshi Yano, C. Bedda, Daniel Berenyi, Paolo Martinengo, Alex Hansen, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Costin Grigoras, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Alberto Masoni, Fiorella Fionda, Thomas Peitzmann, J. S. Kim, J. Thäder, M. Cherney, Rosi Reed, Thomas Michael Cormier, Marco Leoncino, Alexei Khanzadeev, H. Bøggild, E. Stenlund, J. Lehnert, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Rishat Sultanov, Ping Yang, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, I. León Monzón, Jozef Ferencei, C. Cicalo, Guy Paic, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Dario Berzano, Peter Malzacher, N. Zaviyalov, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Cristiane Jahnke, Beomsu Chang, C. Oppedisano, Sergey Gorbunov, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, Yongwook Baek, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Jan Cepila, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Podist Kurashvili, Y. P. Viyogi, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Jan Wagner, X. Sanchez Castro, Cristina Terrevoli, Håvard Helstrup, Gilda Scioli, Constantinos Loizides, Richa Gupta, I. E. Yushmanov, Antonio Uras, Elisa Meninno, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, M. Kretz, T. C. Awes, G. Tejeda Muñoz, G. Puddu, T. J. Humanic, Kai Oliver Schweda, K. Šafařík, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Maria Nicassio, Andrea Dubla, Ivan Vorobyev, R. Varma, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, C. Lagana Fernandes, Paolo Pagano, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Janka Vrlakova, Yu.N. Pestov, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Olja Dordic, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, Ijaz Ahmed, M. Gallio, Jacobus Onderwaater, B. Ketzer, Sibaji Raha, Tomoya Tsuji, Deepa Thomas, Myunggeun Song, Lucia Leardini, Jurgen Schukraft, K. Das, Chiara Zampolli, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, Julien Faivre, Luke David Hanratty, and Rosario Nania
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Jet (particle physics), Charged particle, Spectral line, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Pion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Bar (unit)
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of pi(+/-), K-+/- and p((p) over bar) up to p(T) = 20 GeV/c at mid-rapidity in pp, peripheral (60-80%) and central (0-5%) Pb-Pb collisions at v root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV have been measured using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pionratios both show a distinct peak at p(T) approximate to 3 GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions. Below the peak, p(T) 10 GeV/c particle ratios in pp and Pb-Pb collisions are in agreement and the nuclear modification factors for pi(+/-), K-+/- and p((p) over bar) indicate that, within the systematic and statistical uncertainties, the suppression is the same. This suggests that the chemical composition of leading particles from jets in the medium is similar to that of vacuum jets. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
Published: 2014

212. Structures and Bonding Properties of Gold–Arg-Cys Complexes: DFT Study of Simple Peptide-Coated Metal

Author: Sung-Sik Lee, Bongsoo Kim, and Sungyul Lee
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Dipeptide, Chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, General Energy, Covalent bond, Computational chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Side chain, Non-covalent interactions, Moiety, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Guanidine
Abstract: We present the structures, bonding characteristics, and infrared spectra of the gold surface (111)–Arg-Cys (Arg-Cys@Au(111)) complex calculated by a periodic plane wave DFT technique. We examine the detailed features of bonding between the gold surface and dipeptide. The dipeptide is revealed to form a covalent bond via the −SH group with 2–3 gold atoms, and also weak noncovalent interactions via the carboxyl and guanidine side chain lying more or less parallel to the gold surface. The S–H bond dissociates as a result of the S––(Au)n bond formation, with the hydrogen atom binding to the guanidine moiety. The acidic proton stays at the carboxyl group in the most stable structure of Arg-Cys@Au(111). The calculated infrared spectra are compared with experimental observations reported by Petoral and Uvdal (Colloids Surf., B 2002, 25, 335).
Published: 2014

213. A Study on the Need and the Way for Public Notice of the Right of Distribution for Apartments under Construction

Author: Bongsoo Kim
Subjects: Transport engineering, Apartment, Public notice, business.industry, Distribution (economics), Business
Published: 2014

214. Subcellular Neural Probes from Single-Crystal Gold Nanowires

Author: Hosuk Kang, Youngdong Yoo, Jin Pyo Hong, Mijeong Kang, Huanan Zhang, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Taejoon Kang, Seungmoon Jung, Juhyoun Kwak, Daejong Jeon, Bongsoo Kim, and Nicholas A. Kotov
Subjects: Male, Materials science, Neuroprosthetics, Nanowire, Intracellular Space, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, neuroprosthetics, paralysis, Article, Neural activity, Mice, neurodegenerative disease, electrode miniaturization, BRAIN initiative, Miniaturization, Animals, General Materials Science, brain−machine interface, Brain–computer interface, nanoelectrode, Nanowires, General Engineering, subcellular-sized implants, Brain, single-neuron detection, neural implants, gold nanowire, Electrodes, Implanted, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Brain implant, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Molecular Probes, Electrode, epilepsy, Gold, long-term neural recordings, Single crystal
Abstract: Size reduction of neural electrodes is essential for improving the functionality of neuroprosthetic devices, developing potent therapies for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and long-term brain–computer interfaces. Typical neural electrodes are micromanufactured devices with dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Their further miniaturization is necessary to reduce local tissue damage and chronic immunological reactions of the brain. Here we report the neural electrode with subcellular dimensions based on single-crystalline gold nanowires (NWs) with a diameter of ∼100 nm. Unique mechanical and electrical properties of defect-free gold NWs enabled their implantation and recording of single neuron-activities in a live mouse brain despite a ∼50× reduction of the size compared to the closest analogues. Reduction of electrode dimensions enabled recording of neural activity with improved spatial resolution and differentiation of brain activity in response to different social situations for mice. The successful localization of the epileptic seizure center was also achieved using a multielectrode probe as a demonstration of the diagnostics potential of NW electrodes. This study demonstrated the realism of single-neuron recording using subcellular-sized electrodes that may be considered a pivotal point for use in diverse studies of chronic brain diseases.
Published: 2014

215. Epitaxially Aligned Cuprous Oxide Nanowires for All-Oxide, Single-Wire Solar Cells

Author: Sarah Brittman, Si in Kim, Neil P. Dasgupta, Youngdong Yoo, Peidong Yang, and Bongsoo Kim
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, Nanowire, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Atomic layer deposition, law, Photovoltaics, Solar cell, General Materials Science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Heterojunction, General Chemistry, Hybrid solar cell, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: As a p-type semiconducting oxide that can absorb visible light, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is an attractive material for solar energy conversion. This work introduces a high-temperature, vapor-phase synthesis that produces faceted Cu2O nanowires that grow epitaxially along the surface of a lattice-matched, single-crystal MgO substrate. Individual wires were then fabricated into single-wire, all-oxide diodes and solar cells using low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2 and ZnO films to form the heterojunction. The performance of devices made from pristine Cu2O wires and chlorine-exposed Cu2O wires was investigated under one-sun and laser illumination. These faceted wires allow the fabrication of well-controlled heterojunctions that can be used to investigate the interfacial properties of all-oxide solar cells.
Published: 2014

216. pH-Dependent Proton Conducting Behavior in a Metal-Organic Framework Material

Author: Dae Won Ryu, Bongsoo Kim, Chang Seop Hong, Kicheon Yoo, Won Ju Phang, and Woo Ram Lee
Subjects: Proton, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Protonation, Sulfuric acid, General Chemistry, Activation energy, General Medicine, Conductivity, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metal-organic framework, Grotthuss mechanism, Porosity
Abstract: A porous metal-organic framework (MOF), [Ni2(dobdc)(H2O)2]⋅6 H2O (Ni2(dobdc) or Ni-MOF-74; dobdc(4-)=2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with hexagonal channels was synthesized using a microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction. Soaking Ni2(dobdc) in sulfuric acid solutions at different pH values afforded new proton-conducting frameworks, H(+)@Ni2(dobdc). At pH 1.8, the acidified MOF shows proton conductivity of 2.2×10(-2) S cm(-1) at 80 °C and 95% relative humidity (RH), approaching the highest values reported for MOFs. Proton conduction occurs via the Grotthuss mechanism with a significantly low activation energy as compared to other proton-conducting MOFs. Protonated water clusters within the pores of H(+)@Ni2(dobdc) play an important role in the conduction process.
Published: 2014

217. Dispersion of non-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes with high aspect ratios using poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-styrene)

Author: Bongsoo Kim, Young Sil Lee, Taeheon Lee, Kwonwoo Shin, Jong Hun Han, Sang-Ki Chun, Dong-Hyun Kim, Sumin Kim, Keon-Woo Kim, and Hyun-jong Paik
Subjects: Materials science, Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, Scanning electron microscope, General Chemistry, Carbon nanotube, Methacrylate, Styrene, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, chemistry, law, Dispersion stability, Polymer chemistry, symbols, General Materials Science, Dispersion (chemistry), Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with high aspect ratios were well dispersed in organic solvents to form stable suspensions using poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate- co -styrene) (poly(DMAEMA- co -St)). The polymeric dispersant poly(DMAEMA- co -St) was synthesized in various compositions by atom transfer radical polymerization. The structures and the compositions of the poly(DMAEMA- co -St) were confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The stability and dispersion of the functionalized SWCNTs with high aspect ratios in suspension were observed by dispersion stability analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The existence of unbundled SWCNTs was confirmed by Raman and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectroscopy. Finally, SWCNT transparent conductive films with high transmittances and low sheet resistances were prepared on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate using a spin-coating method.
Published: 2014

218. Effect of asymmetric solubility of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers and PC71BMs in a binary solvent system on the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells

Author: Min Jae Ko, Sungnam Park, Hyo Sang Lee, Seon Kyoung Son, Bongsoo Kim, Jae Seung Ha, Donghoon Choi, Honggon Kim, Hae Jung Son, Doh Kwon Lee, Wonmok Lee, Kyung Hwan Kim, and Jin Young Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Chloroform, Materials science, Fullerene, Organic solar cell, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Polymer, Polymer solar cell, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Solvent, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Molecule, Solubility
Abstract: In this study, we demonstrated the effective morphological control of polymer:fullerene blends using three separate solvent systems: chloroform (CF), CF:1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), and CF:o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB). The polymer:fullerene blends are composed of two diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers of P(DPP-alt-QT) and P(DPP-alt-DTBSe) and a fullerene derivative of [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), i.e., P(DPP-alt-QT):PC71BM or P(DPP-alt-DTBSe):PC71BM. The CF:ODCB binary solvent exhibited the best photovoltaic performance among the three solvent systems for both polymer-based devices, although the CF:DIO also exhibited an improved performance compared to the CF system. By examining film morphology of the blend films, we found that the CF:ODCB enabled the most optimal nanoscale phase separation and the morphological features were strongly affected by the solubility of each material in the high boiling-point (BP) solvent. Specifically, the polymers have limited but slightly higher solubility in ODCB than in DIO, while the PC71BM molecules have a high solubility in both DIO and ODCB. Therefore, this work highlights that the optimally asymmetric solubility of each photoactive component in the high BP solvent is a critical factor to form the nanoscale, bicontinuous domains in the blend films and thereby to determine the performance of photovoltaic devices.
Published: 2014

219. High Crystalline Dithienosilole-Cored Small Molecule Semiconductor for Ambipolar Transistor and Nonvolatile Memory

Author: Bongsoo Kim, Youngwoon Yoon, Hyunjung Kim, Hae Jung Son, Minwoo Jung, Wonsuk Cha, Doh Kwon Lee, Woonggi Kang, Jeong Ho Cho, and Sukjae Jang
Subjects: Electron mobility, Materials science, business.industry, Band gap, Ambipolar diffusion, Transistor, Stacking, Analytical chemistry, law.invention, Non-volatile memory, Crystallinity, Semiconductor, law, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, business
Abstract: We characterized the electrical properties of a field-effect transistor (FET) and a nonvolatile memory device based on a solution-processable low bandgap small molecule, Si1TDPP-EE-C6. The small molecule consisted of electron-rich thiophene-dithienosilole-thiophene (Si1T) units and electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units. The as-spun Si1TDPP-EE-C6 FET device exhibited ambipolar transport properties with a hole mobility of 7.3×10(-5) cm2/(Vs) and an electron mobility of 1.6×10(-5) cm2/(Vs). Thermal annealing at 110 °C led to a significant increase in carrier mobility, with hole and electron mobilities of 3.7×10(-3) and 5.1×10(-4) cm2/(Vs), respectively. This improvement is strongly correlated with the increased film crystallinity and reduced π-π intermolecular stacking distance upon thermal annealing, revealed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. In addition, nonvolatile memory devices based on Si1TDPP-EE-C6 were successfully fabricated by incorporating Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as charge trapping sites at the interface between the silicon oxide (SiO2) and cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol) (cPVP) dielectrics. The device exhibited reliable nonvolatile memory characteristics, including a wide memory window of 98 V, a high on/off-current ratio of 1×10(3), and good electrical reliability. Overall, we demonstrate that donor-acceptor-type small molecules are a potentially important class of materials for ambipolar FETs and nonvolatile memory applications.
Published: 2014

220. Highly Efficient Copper-Zinc-Tin-Selenide (CZTSe) Solar Cells by Electrodeposition

Author: Hae Jung Son, Jeung-hyun Jeong, Lee Seul Oh, Bongsoo Kim, Doh-Kwon Lee, Min Jae Ko, Se-Won Seo, Jong-Ok Jeon, Honggon Kim, Jin Young Kim, and Kee Doo Lee
Subjects: Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Crystal growth, law.invention, Selenium, Crystallinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electric Power Supplies, law, Solar Energy, Environmental Chemistry, General Materials Science, Thin film, Crystallization, Tin selenide, Energy conversion efficiency, Electroplating, Copper, Zinc, General Energy, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Tin
Abstract: Highly efficient copper-zinc-tin-selenide (Cu2ZnSnSe4 ; CZTSe) thin-film solar cells are prepared via the electrodepostion technique. A metallic alloy precursor (CZT) film with a Cu-poor, Zn-rich composition is directly deposited from a single aqueous bath under a constant current, and the precursor film is converted to CZTSe by annealing under a Se atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 400 °C to 600 °C. The crystallization of CZTSe starts at 400 °C and is completed at 500 °C, while crystal growth continues at higher temperatures. Owing to compromises between enhanced crystallinity and poor physical properties, CZTSe thin films annealed at 550 °C exhibit the best and most-stable device performances, reaching up to 8.0 % active efficiency; among the highest efficiencies for CZTSe thin-film solar cells prepared by electrodeposition. Further analysis of the electronic properties and a comparison with another state-of-the-art device prepared from a hydrazine-based solution, suggests that the conversion efficiency can be further improved by optimizing parameters such as film thickness, antireflection coating, MoSe2 formation, and p-n junction properties.
Published: 2014

221. Correlation between Polymer Structure and Polymer:Fullerene Blend Morphology and Its Implications for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Author: Youn Su Kim, Jin Young Kim, Donghoon Choi, Kyungkon Kim, Honggon Kim, Min Jae Ko, Seon Kyoung Son, Doh Kwon Lee, Hae Jung Son, and Bongsoo Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Fullerene, Materials science, Polymer, Acceptor, Polymer solar cell, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Energy, Terthiophene, Photoactive layer, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Moiety, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Solubility
Abstract: We synthesized four polymers (pT3DPP-HD, pT3DPP-OD, pT2TTDPP-HD, and pT2TTDPP-OD) and characterized their photovoltaic properties as a function of the backbone planarity, alkyl side chain length, and film morphology. The polymers were donor–acceptor type low-band-gap (1.2–1.3 eV) polymers employing terthiophene (T3) or thiophene–thieno[3,2-b]thiophene–thiophene (T2TT) as the donor and 2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-(2H,5H)-dione (DPP-HD) or 2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-(2H,5H)-dione (DPP-OD) as the acceptor. The T2TT moiety in the polymer backbone is more planar than the T3; the OD moiety as the alkyl side chain ensured a higher solubility than the HD moiety. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated, and their properties were characterized. The photoactive layer consisted of one of the four polymers and one of the fullerene derivatives (PC70BM or PC60BM). For a given fullerene derivative, the PCEs prepared with each of the four polymers were ordered according to pT3DP...
Published: 2014

222. Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-Substituted Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene as a Promising Building Block for Low Bandgap Semiconducting Polymers for High-Performance Single and Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Author: In-Nam Kang, Do-Hoon Hwang, Bongsoo Kim, Chang Eun Song, Ji-Hoon Kim, and Won Suk Shin
Subjects: Electron mobility, Materials science, business.industry, Band gap, General Chemical Engineering, Stacking, General Chemistry, Substrate (electronics), Polymer solar cell, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, PEDOT:PSS, Materials Chemistry, Thiophene, Optoelectronics, Molecular orbital, business
Abstract: We designed and synthetized a new poly{4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-alt-2-ethylhexyl-4,6-dibromo-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate} (PTTBDT-FTT) comprising bis(2-ethylhexylthieno[3,2-b]thiophenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (TTBDT) and 2-ethylhexyl 3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (FTT). The optical bandgap of PTTBDT-FTT was 1.55 eV. The energy levels of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of PTTBDT-FTT were −5.31 and −3.73 eV, respectively. Two-dimensional grazing-incidence X-ray scattering measurements showed that the film’s PTTBDT-FTT chains are predominantly arranged with a face-on orientation with respect to the substrate, with strong π–π stacking. An organic thin-film transistor fabricated using PTTBDT-FTT as the active semiconductor showed high hole mobility of 2.1 × 10–2 cm2/(V·s). Single-junction bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTTBDT-FTT:PC71BM/Ca/Al were...
Published: 2014

223. SERS-based immunoassay of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

Author: Jaebum Choo, So-Young Bang, Bongsoo Kim, Rui Wang, Hye-Soon Lee, Hyoban Lee, Sangyeop Lee, Hyangah Chon, and Sang Cheol Bae
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Autoantibody, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, Highly sensitive, Immunoassay, Rheumatoid arthritis, Immunology, medicine, Immunoassay technique, skin and connective tissue diseases, business
Abstract: We report a highly sensitive detection method for anti-CCP autoantibodies using a SERS-based magnetic immunosensor. The proposed immunoassay technique is expected to be a new clinical tool for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Published: 2014

224. Fibroin particle-supported cationic lipid layers for highly efficient intracellular protein delivery

Author: Kyung Mi Woo, Bongsoo Kim, Won-Joon Yoon, Young-Dan Cho, Jeong-Hwa Baek, Woojin Kim, and Hyun-Mo Ryoo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Lipid Bilayers, Biophysics, Fibroin, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Horseradish peroxidase, Nanocapsules, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Cations, Extracellular, Animals, Lipid bilayer, Liposome, biology, Proteins, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Cytoplasm, Liposomes, Ceramics and Composites, biology.protein, 0210 nano-technology, Fibroins, Macromolecule
Abstract: Directly delivering therapeutic proteins into cells has promise as an intervention without side effects for protein deficiencies caused by genetic defects. However, as negatively charged macromolecules, proteins require carriers for achieving cellular uptake and maintaining their activity in the cytoplasm. The biodegradable natural polymer silk fibroin has demonstrated outstanding advantages as a protein drug scaffold in vitro and in vivo, but its usage has been limited in the extracellular space because of its negatively charged character. Here, we present an intracellular protein delivery system based on fibroin particles coated with cationic lipid layers, denoted as Fibroplex, the surface charge of which can be modulated. Fibroplex showed higher delivery efficiency than conventional delivery methods as well as long-term cargo release in the cytoplasm without toxicity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that Fibroplex efficiently delivered tyrosinase and horseradish peroxidase, which led to hyper-pigmentation and tumor regression, respectively, suggesting its potential for therapeutic protein applications in hereditary diseases or cancer.
Published: 2016

225. Remarkably enhanced adhesion of coherently aligned catechol-terminated molecules on ultraclean ultraflat gold nanoplates

Author: Miyeon Lee, Hyoban Lee, Insik In, Changjun Park, Hongki Kim, Sang Youl Kim, and Bongsoo Kim
Subjects: Catechol, Materials science, Atomic force microscopy, Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Adhesion, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Molecule, General Materials Science, Gold surface, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We report the characterization and formation of catechol-terminated molecules immobilized on gold nanoplates (Au NPLs) using N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-2-mercaptoacetamide (Cat-EAA-SH). Single-crystalline Au NPLs, synthesized using a one-step chemical vapor transport method, have ultraclean and ultraflat surfaces that make Cat-EAA-SH molecules aligned into a well-ordered network of a large-scale. Topographic study of the catechol-terminated molecules on Au NPLs using atomic force microscopy showed more orderly orientation and higher density, leading to significantly higher adhesion as observed from local force–distance curves than those on other Au surfaces. These coherently aligned catechol-terminated molecules on the atomically smooth gold surface led to significanty more reproducible and thus more physico-chemically meaningful measurements than was possible before by employing rough gold surfaces.
Published: 2016

226. Organic Electronics: Universal Route to Impart Orthogonality to Polymer Semiconductors for Sub‐Micrometer Tandem Electronics (Adv. Mater. 28/2019)

Author: Hojin Lee, Boseok Kang, Bongsoo Kim, Kwun-Bum Chung, Do Hwan Kim, Keun Yeong Choi, Yun-Hi Kim, Jihye Shin, Seunghan Kim, Han Wool Park, Shinyoung Choi, Soon Ki Kwon, Jaehee Kim, Moon Sung Kang, Hyukmin Kweon, Aeran Song, Kilwon Cho, and Haejung Hwang
Subjects: Organic electronics, Materials science, Tandem, Mechanical Engineering, Nanotechnology, Polymer semiconductor, law.invention, Sub micrometer, Orthogonality, Mechanics of Materials, law, General Materials Science, Electronics, Photolithography
Published: 2019

227. Flexible Electronics: Highly Stretchable, High‐Mobility, Free‐Standing All‐Organic Transistors Modulated by Solid‐State Elastomer Electrolytes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 18/2019)

Author: Do Hwan Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Haejung Hwang, Do Hyung Park, Han Wool Park, Shinyoung Choi, Jong Won Chung, Kyungah Nam, and Yoonsun Chung
Subjects: Biomaterials, Materials science, law, Transistor, Electrochemistry, Solid-state, Nanotechnology, Electrolyte, Condensed Matter Physics, Elastomer, Flexible electronics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention
Published: 2019

228. Highly Stretchable, High‐Mobility, Free‐Standing All‐Organic Transistors Modulated by Solid‐State Elastomer Electrolytes

Author: Do Hwan Kim, Haejung Hwang, Shinyoung Choi, Kyungah Nam, Han Wool Park, Do Hyung Park, Jong Won Chung, Yoon Chung, and Bongsoo Kim
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Transistor, Solid-state, Electrolyte, Condensed Matter Physics, Elastomer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Biomaterials, law, Electrochemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Published: 2019

229. Correction: Bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effect on the toxicity of Au ions in zebrafish embryos

Author: Wang Sik, Lee, Hyun-Ju, Cho, Eungwang, Kim, Yang Hoon, Huh, Hyo-Jeong, Kim, Bongsoo, Kim, Taejoon, Kang, Jeong-Soo, Lee, and Jinyoung, Jeong
Subjects: General Materials Science
Abstract: Correction for ‘Bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics and their effect on the toxicity of Au ions in zebrafish embryos’ by Wang Sik Lee et al., Nanoscale, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09321k.
Published: 2019

230. Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films via electrochemical deposition and rapid thermal annealing

Author: Bongsoo Kim, Jeung Hyun Jeong, Doh Kwon Lee, Min Jae Ko, Honggon Kim, Se Won Seo, Jin Young Kim, Kee Doo Lee, and Donghwan Kim
Subjects: Materials science, Aqueous solution, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, Electrochemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Chemical engineering, chemistry, visual_art, Phase (matter), Materials Chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, symbols, Deposition (phase transition), CZTS, Thin film, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: We fabricated metallic Cu–Zn–Sn (CZT) precursor thin films via electrochemical deposition from aqueous metal salt solution on Mo-coated soda-lime glass substrates, and the influence of the subsequent sulfurization condition on the morphology, composition and structure of the final Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films was investigated. A rapid thermal annealing equipment was used for a systematic control of the sulfurization process parameters. The as-deposited films are composed of binary metallic alloys, which can be converted to the highly crystalline CZTS phase after sulfurization at temperatures above 500 °C. The composition of the CZT film barely changes during the sulfurization, and a small amount of CuS-based secondary phases exists even at 550 °C. However, a quick post-annealing KCN treatment effectively and selectively removes the secondary phase, evidenced by the Raman spectroscopy and elemental.
Published: 2013

231. Facile Fabrication of Multi-targeted and Stable Biochemical SERS Sensors

Author: Seung Min Yoo, Bongsoo Kim, Sang Yup Lee, Taejoon Kang, Hyoban Lee, Hyunseong Ryoo, and Hongki Kim
Subjects: Ions, Fabrication, Surface Properties, Chemistry, Aptamer, Organic Chemistry, Thrombin, Nanowire, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Biosensing Techniques, Mercury, General Chemistry, Substrate (electronics), Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Epitaxy, Biochemistry, symbols.namesake, Lead, Sapphire, symbols, Humans, Gold, van der Waals force, Raman scattering
Abstract: The direct transfer of single- crystalline Au nanowires (NWs) onto Au substrates was achieved by a simple attachment and detachment process. In the presence of a lubricant, Au NWs grown vertically on a sapphire sub- strate were efficiently moved to an Au substrate through van der Waals inter- actions. We demonstrate that the trans- ferred Au NWs on the Au substrate can act as sensitive, reproducible, and long-term-stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors by detecting human a-thrombin as well as Pb 2 + and Hg 2 + ions. These three bio- chemically and/or environmentally im- portant analytes were successfully de- tected with high sensitivity and selec- tivity by Au NW-SERS sensors bound by a thrombin-binding aptamer. Fur- thermore, the as-prepared sensors re- mained in working order after being stored under ambient conditions at room temperature for 80 days. Because Au NWs can be routinely transferred onto Au substrates and because the re- sultant Au NW-SERS sensors are highly stable and provide with high sensitivity and reproducibility of detec- tion, these sensors hold potential for practical use in biochemical sensing.
Published: 2013

232. Origin of Size Dependency in Coherent-Twin-Propagation-Mediated Tensile Deformation of Noble Metal Nanowires

Author: Youngdong Yoo, Tae Yeon Seong, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Bongsoo Kim, Jong Hyun Seo, In-Suk Choi, Ju Li, and Harold S. Park
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, Nanowire, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Surface energy, Stress (mechanics), Ultimate tensile strength, Exponent, General Materials Science, Deformation (engineering), Ductility
Abstract: Researchers have recently discovered ultrastrong and ductile behavior of Au nanowires (NWs) through long-ranged coherent-twin-propagation. An elusive but fundamentally important question arises whether the size and surface effects impact the twin propagation behavior with a decreasing diameter. In this work, we demonstrate size-dependent strength behavior of ultrastrong and ductile metallic NWs. For Au, Pd, and AuPd NWs, high ductility of about 50% is observed through coherent twin propagation, which occurs by a concurrent reorientation of the bounding surfaces from {111} to {100}. Importantly, the ductility is not reduced with an increase in strength, while the twin propagation stress dramatically increases with decreasing NW diameter from 250 to 40 nm. Furthermore, we find that the power-law exponent describing the twin propagation stress is fundamentally different from the exponent describing the size-dependence of the yield strength. Specifically, the inverse diameter-dependence of the twin propagation stress is directly attributed to surface reorientation, which can be captured by a surface energy differential model. Our work further highlights the fundamental role that surface reorientations play in enhancing the size-dependent mechanical behavior and properties of metal NWs that imply the feasibility of high efficiency mechanical energy storage devices suggested before.
Published: 2013

233. Long-range angular correlations of π, K and p in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

Author: Shingo Sakai, Cristiane Jahnke, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, F. Carena, Taku Gunji, Beomsu Chang, C. Oppedisano, Eleazar Cuautle, Sun Kun Oh, Y. Hori, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, A. Szanto de Toledo, Yongwook Baek, Vladislav Manko, Bogdan Vulpescu, V. Lenti, Kenneth Francis Read, Jan Cepila, Debasish Das, Laure Marie Massacrier, Federico Antinori, A. Casanova Díaz, Alexander Kluge, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Malgorzata Anna Janik, V. Kushpil, Luciano Musa, Podist Kurashvili, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, I. K. Yoo, Anton Alkin, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Francesco Noferini, Y. P. Viyogi, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, Redmer Alexander Bertens, G. V. Margagliotti, F.F. Guber, Mihai Niculescu, Gerardus Nooren, Ombretta Pinazza, Michael Wang, Alexandre Shabetai, W. Rauch, Meidana Huang, F. Rettig, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, Zubayer Ahammed, C. Lara, J. Bartke, L. Goerlich, E. Dénes, Premomoy Ghosh, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Marc Weber, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, Jörg Bornschein, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, H. Sakaguchi, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, B. S. Nilsen, C. Alves Garcia Prado, Y. Wang, Rudiger Haake, Krzysztof Redlich, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Andrew Marshall Adare, Iwona Anna Sputowska, A. Tarazona Martinez, Lee Stuart Barnby, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, C. Garabatos, J. H. Kang, X. Cai, P. González-Zamora, Elena Rogochaya, D. Eschweiler, P. I. Loenne, Anton Andronic, A. V. Kazantsev, S. Sharma, Sona Pochybova, Anik Gupta, A. De Caro, P. Di Nezza, Andrea Agostinelli, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Bruno Alessandro, Shih-Chang Lee, Alessandro Ferretti, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, Domenico Colella, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, Håvard Helstrup, Sudipan De, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Tatiana Karavicheva, Raimond Snellings, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Davide Falchieri, Marta Verweij, Antonin Maire, Cenek Zach, Michal Broz, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Constantinos Loizides, Subikash Choudhury, Alberto Collu, Attiq Ur Rehman, Motoi Inaba, Markus Fasel, Nicole Alice Martin, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, Sandro Bjelogrlic, T. J. M. Symons, Antonio Uras, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Philippe Pillot, L. Cunqueiro, Anton Jusko, Bikash Sinha, N. Grion, Andrea Alici, M. Kretz, Benjamin Donigus, Sang Un Ahn, Valentina Zaccolo, Joel Anthony Mazer, Pietro Cortese, J. W. Harris, A. Rachevski, Silvia Masciocchi, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Saehanseul Oh, Filip Krizek, Branislav Sitar, G. Santagati, T. C. Awes, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, Stefan Thomas Heckel, Giacomo Contin, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Jihyun Bhom, Alexei Khanzadeev, Christian Holm Christensen, G.S. Shabratova, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, Catia Petta, Dai-Mei Zhou, D. S. Hwang, A. Feliciello, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Sergey Nazarenko, Yves Roland Schutz, J. Zhu, G. Tejeda Muñoz, P. A. Scott, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, Franco Meddi, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Betty Abelev, Jeewon Seo, C. Di Giglio, H. Bøggild, Alexander Mamonov, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Franck Manso, Jeremy John Wilkinson, X. G. Lu, Chinorat Kobdaj, T. Moon, Petr Nomokonov, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, F. Blanco, Ionut Christian Arsene, T. Susa, Mesut Arslandok, T. J. Humanic, Kai Oliver Schweda, Hege Austrheim Erdal, B. Polichtchouk, Bedangadas Mohanty, K. Šafařík, J. Anielski, Michelangelo Agnello, Fengchu Zhou, Sylvain Chapeland, Martin Schulc, Juyeon Yi, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, Kenta Shigaki, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, D. W. Kim, Brigitte Cheynis, Cristian Andrei, M. Lenhardt, Hannes Jung, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, C. Pajares, Rashmi Raniwala, Muhammad Ajaz, E. Stenlund, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, Maria Nicassio, P. Kaliňák, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, A. Rodriguez Manso, J. Lehnert, A. Tarantola Peloni, Michael Linus Knichel, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, M. Spacek, Agneta Oskarsson, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Werner Riegler, D. Silvermyr, A. Matyja, Claude Andre Pruneau, T.H. Kim, Renaud Vernet, Dong Jo Kim, Filippo Costa, C. Klein-Bösing, Roberto Barbera, Elena Botta, Marco Marquard, J. L. Charvet, M. Kim, I. Kulakov, F. Zhang, Andrea Dubla, Ivan Vorobyev, V. Wagner, Janusz Oleniacz, E. G. Ferreiro, Satoshi Yano, C. Bedda, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Anselmo Margotti, Daniel Berenyi, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, Massimiliano Marchisone, A. S. Nyanin, E. Braidot, Alexander Akindinov, H.R. Gulkanyan, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Johanna Stachel, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, D. R. Gangadharan, Yu. V. Kharlov, R. Varma, Ian Gardner Bearden, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Oliver Busch, A. Di Mauro, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, Biswarup Paul, M. Bach, Anju Bhasin, HT Yang, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Mihaela Gheata, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, F. Bellini, G.F. Segato, D. I. Patalakha, G. de Cataldo, Trine Spedstad Tveter, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, Alexey Kuryakin, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, Ivan Kisel, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Marco De Petris, Jens Wiechula, A. A. Rademakers, Elena Bruna, R. Smakal, R. Grajcarek, Michael Andreas Winn, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Salvatore Aiola, B. K. Srivastava, Fernando Scarlassara, Rajeev Singh, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Adrian Sevcenco, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, C. Lagana Fernandes, Paolo Martinengo, Cristina Terrevoli, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, S. Yasnopolskiy, Jochen Gerhard, M. Veldhoen, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, Rinaldo Rui, H. Pereira Da Costa, Adela Kravcakova, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Radiy Ilkaev, Svein Lindal, Alessandra Fantoni, Angela Badala, Rishat Sultanov, Ping Yang, V. Catanescu, Iosif Legrand, Peter Chochula, G. A. Feofilov, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Boris Batyunya, K. Watanabe, S. Rohni, G. Stefanek, Vladimir Nikulin, M. Fusco Girard, Astrid Morreale, G. D Erasmo, Ken Oyama, T. Aronsson, E. Nappi, Ana Maria Marin, Christophe Pierre Suire, Paolo Pagano, Ara Grigoryan, Z. Conesa del Valle, Dominik Fehlker, Nikolai Smirnov, Raphael Noel Tieulent, R. A. Soltz, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Francesca Soramel, N. Pitz, Costin Grigoras, M. Zhalov, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, Marian Krivda, Z. Yin, J. Ulery, T. Djuvsland, Sergey Evdokimov, Philippe Rosnet, A. Ter Minasyan, Mikhail Malaev, Anand Kumar Dubey, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Janka Vrlakova, Xiangrong Zhu, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Ionel Stan, Ajay Kumar Dash, Svetlana Kushpil, Jean-Yves Grossiord, E. A. R. Casula, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, A. Karasu Uysal, Alberica Toia, Magnus Mager, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Y. Kucheriaev, Felix Reidt, V. Chibante Barroso, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, J. D. Tapia Takaki, M. Sano, J. Pluta, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Alberto Caliva, J. P. Revol, Sedat Altinpinar, Evgeny Ryabinkin, T. K. Nayak, Levente Molnar, Matthias Richter, W. J. Park, Pietro Antonioli, I. León Monzón, Yu.N. Pestov, G. Puddu, L. Riccati, M. E. Connors, D. De Gruttola, Raghunath Sahoo, Luisa Cifarelli, W. Peryt, M. Basile, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Alexey Kurepin, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Linda Vickovic, Dosatsu Sakata, Alberto Masoni, Valerie Ramillien Barret, E. Calvo Villar, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, G. Herrera Corral, Ralf Keidel, Lawrence Pinsky, D. Fabris, Yonghong Zhang, D. Budnikov, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, A. Hayrapetyan, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Andrei Gheata, C. Cicalo, Oleg Karavichev, Sergio Vergara, Tim Schuster, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Olja Dordic, Y. Zoccarato, Jochen Klein, Stefan Kirsch, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Sergey Nikulin, J.A. Mares, Cinzia Luzzi, Alice Zimmermann, Mihai Petrovici, Henner Buesching, M. Zynovyev, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Subhash Singha, Peter Levai, Z. Buthelezi, Min Jung Kweon, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, N. Herrmann, Sergey Kiselev, Grazia Luparello, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, M. A. Diaz Corchero, C. Ionita, Bastian Bathen, Jiri Kral, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Raphaelle Ichou, Fiorella Fionda, Mikolaj Krzewicki, J. S. Kim, J. Thäder, S. L. La Pointe, I. Garishvili, Sergey Gorbunov, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, J. Ulrich, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, David H. Evans, Federico Cindolo, L. Šándor, Henrik Qvigstad, Néstor Armesto, Tatsuya Chujo, S. Böttger, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, Xiang Zhang, Andreas Morsch, Indranil Das, I. Cortés Maldonado, Michele Floris, M. van Leeuwen, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, V. Altini, Jaroslav Adam, Mohd Danish Azmi, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, Vikas Singhal, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, Antonino Zichichi, Barbara Guerzoni, Igor Altsybeev, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, Peter Christiansen, Rene Bellwied, Annika Passfeld, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, M. Cherney, Ijaz Ahmed, A. Pesci, J. Martin Blanco, S. K. Pal, M. Gallio, Dieter Røhrich, Goran Simatovic, N. Poljak, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, B. von Haller, Seyong Kim, Gideon Francois Steyn, Giuseppe Viesti, V. Pospíšil, A. A.E. Bergognon, Jacobus Onderwaater, K. Shtejer, Stefano Piano, Sven Gotovac, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, C. Xiang, T. Peitzmann, M. Vajzer, Laszlo Olah, Diego Stocco, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, A. Ahmad Masoodi, Pascal Dupieux, Rosi Reed, Thomas Michael Cormier, R. de Rooij, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Boris Wagner, Shaojun Li, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, B. Ketzer, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, B. Hicks, Tyler Allen Browning, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, J. G. Contreras, Sean Murray, Leonardo Milano, L. Aphecetche, J. de Cuveland, Jan Wagner, A. Szczepankiewicz, J. Mlynarz, X. Sanchez Castro, Romualdo Santoro, P. Petrov, Federico Ronchetti, Torsten Alt, Andre Mischke, Gilda Scioli, Andrey Reshetin, A. Nyatha, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, Ermanno Vercellin, Tomoya Tsuji, A. De Falco, T. Antičić, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, I. S. Zgura, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Debojit Sarkar, B. Ghidini, Vardanush Papikyan, I. E. Yushmanov, Vladimir Vechernin, Federico Carminati, Deepa Thomas, Guy Paic, Myunggeun Song, Theo Alexander Broker, R. Scott, Vladimir Kaplin, M. Wilde, Peter Glassel, H. J. Jang, A. Jacholkowski, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, R. N. Singaraju, Imrich Szarka, Francesco Barile, Nicole Bastid, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Nicolas Arbor, Dagmar Adamová, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, L. Vannucci, P. Zelnicek, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Daniel Lohner, C. Cavicchioli, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Jurgen Schukraft, K. Das, Ilaria Aimo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, M. Krus, A. Nedosekin, Rosario Nania, Dario Berzano, Chiara Zampolli, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Shinichi Hayashi, Joakim Nystrand, Peter Malzacher, Jon Christopher Wikne, Stefania Bufalino, Frederick Kramer, Giacomo Bruno, Johannes Peter Wessels, Michal Petran, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, Marek Kowalski, V. Razazi, Alla Maevskaya, P. Vande Vyvre, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Paola Gianotti, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Huaqiao Zhang, Vito Manzari, Hongbo Zhu, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, M. I. Martínez, Alexandru Bercuci, Julien Faivre, Friederike Bock, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, M. Bombara, Marco Bregant, D. Watanabe, J. W. Van Hoorne, R. A. Ricci, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Graham Richard Lee, Austin Vincent Harton, V. P. Kondratiev, T. Breitner, Michal Krelina, M. Heide, Mirko Planinic, Luke David Hanratty, Andrey Vasiliev, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Enrico Scomparin, C.J. Schmidt, Maria Vasileiou, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, Thanushan Kugathasan, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, Laurent Ducroux, Juha Äystö, Elisa Incani, R. Russo, S. Schuchmann, Shiming Yang, Vladimir Ivanov, Didier Alexandre, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, G. L. Usai, Andrea Francescon, Rui Ma, Oleksii Ivanytskyi, M. Steinpreis, R. Romita, Petr Zavada, Deepika Rathee, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Benjamin Andreas Hess, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Kyrre Skjerdal, Ante Bilandzic, D. Perrino, S. A. Ahn, Igor Pshenichnov, Sergey Filchagin, A. W. Rauf, Stefan Rossegger, E. Montes, F. Prino, S. Kox, G. Hamar, Jan Figiel, Jovan Milosevic, Yasuo Miake, M. Estienne, K. K. Loo, Anders Garritt Knospe, R. Mazumder, Alberto Baldisseri, Palash Khan, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Johannes Hendrik Stiller, Airton Deppman, Zabulon Vilakazi, Evgeny Kryshen, M. A. Tangaro, Roberto Preghenella, Marek Chojnacki, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, M. Bogolyubsky, Alexander Kurepin, Marie Germain, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Maksym Zyzak, Eugen Mudnic, M. Lechman, Jorn Henning Putschke, Martijn Reicher, J. Castillo Castellanos, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, Alessandro Grelli, R. Cruz Albino, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, S. K. Basu, Y. Sibiriak, Rosario Turrisi, D. Emschermann, M. Pachr, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, D. Miśkowiec, Madan M. Aggarwal, I. Lakomov, S.A. Sadovsky, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, D. Di Bari, Jihye Song, S. Esumi, Markus Konrad Kohler, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, S. U. Chung, Jørgen André Lien, G. M. Urciuoli, Christian Claude Kuhn, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, A. A. Vinogradov, H. Appelshäuser, Ketil Røed, P. Cerello, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, Vit Kucera, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, C. Søgaard, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Andrea Festanti, Jiebin Luo, Sergey Nikolaev, Jana Bielcikova, Rene Brun, Sebastian Kalcher, Bjarte Kileng, Giacomo Volpe, Natasha Sharma, Kamal Hussain Khan, Mikhail Ippolitov, Rama Chandra Baral, Peter Graham Jones, Smbat Grigoryan, Eugenio Scapparone, Rainer Martin Schicker, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, M. R. Cosentino, Andrzej Deloff, D. Felea, J. Book, Ramona Lea, Bongsoo Kim, Andre Augustinus, You Zhou, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Silvia Arcelli, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Renu Bala, A. G. Agocs, David Michael Rohr, C. G. Yaldo, Paolo Giubellino, T. Haaland, Philippe Crochet, Valery Punin, T. Kalliokoski, L. Manceau, Manuel Colocci, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, A. J. Rubio Montero, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Hans Peter Beck, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, L. V. Malinina, E. Floratos, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, J. Bán, Andrey Zarochentsev, Roman Lietava, R. Gomez, A. Vyushin, Y. Martynov, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, M. Masera, S. Serci, Antonio Rossi, G. S. Pappalardo, P. G. Kuijer, R. Dang, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Angelo Rivetti, Satyajit Jena, D. P. Mahapatra, Maxime Guilbaud, J. S. Real, M. C. S. Williams, Arturo Tauro, Alex Hansen, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Hans Muller, Alexis Jean-Michel Mas, Evgeny Karpechev, G. Aglieri Rinella, and N. Zaviyalov
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Pion, Antiproton, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger particles and various species of charged associated particles (unidentified particles, pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons) are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV in the transverse-momentum range 0.3 < p(T) < 4 GeV/c. The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar n(lab)vertical bar < 0.8. Fourier coefficients are extracted from the long-range correlations projected onto the azimuthal angle difference and studied as a function of p(T) and in intervals of event multiplicity. In high-multiplicity events, the second-order coefficient for protons, 4, is observed to be smaller than that for pions, v(2)(pi), up to about p(T) = 2 GeV/c. To reduce correlations due to jets, the per-trigger yield measured in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from that in high-multiplicity events. A two-ridge structure is obtained for all particle species. The Fourier decomposition of this structure shows that the second-order coefficients for pions and kaons are similar. The v(2)(p) is found to be smaller at low P-T and larger at higher p(T) than v(2)(pi), with a crossing occurring at about 2 GeV/c. This is qualitatively similar to the elliptic-flow pattern observed in heavy-ion collisions. A mass ordering effect at low transverse momenta is consistent with expectations from hydrodynamic model calculations assuming a collectively expanding system. (C) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

234. On the stability of glycine-water clusters with excess electron: Implications for photoelectron spectroscopy.

Author: Doo-Sik Ahn, Ae-Ri Kang, Sungyul Lee, Bongsoo Kim, Sang Kyu Kim, and Neuhauser, Daniel
Subjects: ISOMERIZATION, ACETIC acid, GLYCINE, ELECTRONS, SEMICONDUCTORS, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
Abstract: Calculations are presented for the glycine-(H2O)n- (n=0–2) anionic clusters with excess electron, with the glycine core in the canonical or zwitterion form. A variety of conformers are predicted, and their relative energy is examined to estimate thermodynamic stability. The dynamic (proton transfer) pathways between the anionic clusters with the canonical and the zwitterion glycine core are examined. Small barrier heights for isomerization from the zwitterion glycine-(H2O)2- anion to those with canonical glycine core suggest that the former conformers may be kinetically unstable and unfavorable for detection of neutral glycine zwitterion-(H2O)n (n=1,2) clusters by photodetachment, in accordance with the photoelectron spectroscopic experiments by Bowen and co-workers [Xu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 10696 (2003)]. The calculated stability of the glycine-(H2O)n- anion clusters with canonical glycine core relative to those with zwitterion core indicates that the observation of the anionic conformers with the canonical glycine core would be much more feasible, as revealed by Johnson and co-workers [Diken et al. J. Chem. Phys. 120, 9902 (2004)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005
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235. Core-level photoemission and near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure studies of GaN surface under low-energy ion bombardment.

Author: Petravic, Mladen, Deenapanray, Prakash N.K., Coleman, Victoria A., Ki-Jeong Kim, Bongsoo Kim, and Gang Li
Subjects: GALLIUM nitride, PHOTOEMISSION, X-ray absorption near edge structure, ION bombardment, SURFACES (Physics), NITROGEN
Abstract: We have investigated compositional changes on GaN surfaces under low-energy Ar ion bombardment using synchrotron-based high-resolution core-level photoemission measurements and near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The low-energy ion bombardment of GaN produces a Ga-rich surface layer which transforms into a metallic Ga layer at higher bombarding energies. At the same time, the photoemission spectra around the N 1s core level reveal the presence of both uncoordinated nitrogen and nitrogen interstitials, which we have analyzed in more detail by x-ray absorption measurements at the N K-edge. We have proposed a mechanism for the relocation and loss of nitrogen during ion bombardment, in agreement with some recent experimental and theoretical studies of defect formation in GaN. We have also demonstrated that photoemission spectroscopy and NEXAFS provide a powerful combination for studying compositional changes and the creation of point defects at GaN surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2004
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236. Observation of the 3 [sup 3]Σ[sup +]–X [sup 1]Σ[sup +] transition of KRb by resonance enhanced two-photon ionization in a pulsed molecular beam: Hyperfine structures of [sup 39]K[sup 85]Rb and [sup 39]K[sup 87]Rb isotopomers.

Author: Yonghoon Lee, Youngjee Yoon, Bongsoo Kim, Li Li, and Sungyul Lee
Subjects: PHOTONS, IONIZATION (Atomic physics), NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, PROTON magnetic resonance, MOLECULAR beams, HYPERFINE structure
Abstract: The 3 [sup 3]Σ[sup +]–X [sup 1]Σ[sup +] transition of KRb is observed by resonance enhanced two-photon ionization in a pulsed molecular beam. Hyperfine splittings of [sup 39]K[sup 85]Rb and [sup 39]K[sup 87]Rb isotopomers are observed. From the magnitude of hyperfine splittings, we found that the main hyperfine structure was dominated by the Fermi contact interaction between the Rb nuclear spin and the unpaired electron spin. The Fermi contact interaction constants were determined to be 291 MHz for [sup 39]K[sup 85]Rb and 665 MHz for [sup 39]K[sup 87]Rb. In the KRb 3 [sup 3]Σ[sup +] state the electron spin couples more strongly with the Rb nuclear spin than with other angular momenta, and the energy level structure is well described by the hyperfine angular momentum coupling scheme of the b[sub βS] case. The molecular constants and the Rydberg–Klein–Rees potential energy curve of the 3 [sup 3]Σ[sup +] state were determined. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2004
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237. Arrays of ferromagnetic FeCo and FeCr binary nanocluster wires.

Author: Lee, G.H., Huh, S.H., Jeong, J.W., Kim, S.H., Choi, B.J., Ri, H.-C., Bongsoo Kim, and Park, J.H.
Subjects: NANOWIRES, FERROMAGNETIC materials, METAL carbonyls
Abstract: Reports on the fabrication of the arrays of ferromagnetic FeCo and FeCr binary nanocluster wires (NCW) by thermally decomposing the Fe(CO)[sub 5]/CO[sub 2](CO)[sub 8] and Fe(CO)[sub 5]/Cr(CO)[sub 6] metal carbonyl vapors, respectively. Production of NCW through the pileup of binary nanoclusters along the lines of magnetic flux, perpendicular to the substrates attached to a pair of permanent disc magnet surface; Observation of compositional dependence of structure.
Published: 2003
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238. High-Crystalline Medium-Band-Gap Polymers Consisting of Benzodithiophene and Benzotriazole Derivatives for Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Author: Ji-Seon Kim, Chang Eun Song, In-Nam Kang, Nara Shin, Bongsoo Kim, Ji-Hoon Kim, Do-Hoon Hwang, Bumjoon J. Kim, Sebastian Wood, Hyunbum Kang, and Won Suk Shin
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Benzotriazole, Materials science, Polymers, Band gap, Tin Compounds, Electrochemical Techniques, Thiophenes, Polymer, Triazoles, Conjugated system, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Photochemistry, Acceptor, Polymer solar cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymerization, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Solar Energy, Side chain, Polystyrenes, Quantum Theory, General Materials Science, Fullerenes
Abstract: Two semiconducting conjugated polymers were synthesized via Stille polymerization. The structures combined unsubstituted or (triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl (TIPS)-substituted 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)benzo[1,2-b:4.5-b']dithiophene (BDT) as a donor unit and benzotriazole with a symmetrically branched alkyl side chain (DTBTz) as an acceptor unit. We investigated the effects of the different BDT moieties on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers and the film crystallinities and carrier mobilities. The optical-band-gap energies were measured to be 1.97 and 1.95 eV for PBDT-DTBTz and PTIPSBDT-DTBTz, respectively. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated and power conversion efficiencies of 5.5% and 2.9% were found for the PTIPSBDT-DTBTz- and PBDT-DTBTz-based devices, respectively. This difference was explained by the more optimal morphology and higher carrier mobility in the PTIPSBDT-DTBTz-based devices. This work demonstrates that, under the appropriate processing conditions, TIPS groups can change the molecular ordering and lower the highest occupied molecular orbital level, providing the potential for improved solar cell performance.
Published: 2013

239. Transient photovoltage and dark current analysis on enhanced open-circuit voltage of polymer solar cells with hole blocking TiO2 nanoparticle interfacial layer

Author: Taehee Kim, Kyungkon Kim, Honggon Kim, Doh Kwon Lee, Youn Su Kim, Bongsoo Kim, and Byeong Kwon Ju
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Open-circuit voltage, Energy conversion efficiency, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Polymer solar cell, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Active layer, Biomaterials, Contact angle, Electrode, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: The open-circuit voltage of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells utilizing 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as a processing additive was greatly improved by using an organic layer coated TiO 2 nanoparticle interfacial layer inserted between the active layer and the Al electrode. The transient photovoltage measurement revealed that there was significant non-geminate recombination at the DIO-processed active layer/Al electrode interface. Reduced open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) of the photovoltaic devices and high water contact angle of the DIO-processed active layer showed that the DIO-processed active layer has an undesirable surface composition for the electron collection. The organic layer coated TiO 2 nanoparticle interfacial layer effectively prevented the non-geminate recombination at the active layer/Al interface. As a result, we were able to significantly improve the V OC and power conversion efficiency from 0.46 V and 2.13% to 0.62 V and 3.95%, respectively.
Published: 2013

240. Reversed organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells for improved interfacial series resistances and balanced photocurrents

Author: Taehee Kim, Sunwoo Moon, Doh Kwon Lee, Kyungkon Kim, Jin Young Kim, Honggon Kim, Jun Hong Jeon, Bongsoo Kim, Seunghee Han, Jin-Young Choi, Min Jae Ko, Sung Min Kim, Won Woong Park, and Youn Su Kim
Subjects: Amorphous silicon, Materials science, Tandem, Organic solar cell, Equivalent series resistance, business.industry, Band gap, Mechanical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Chemical vapor deposition, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, Transmittance, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: We report a promising approach to fabricate organic–inorganic hybrid tandem photovoltaic devices with a reversed configuration. High bandgap hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) was deposited with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition onto a solution-processed low bandgap organic photovoltaic (OPV) subcell. Two important factors for efficient tandem solar cells, interfacial series resistance (RS,int) and balanced photocurrents, were investigated. The intimate interfacial contact eliminated the RS,int, and sufficient transmittance of the OPV front subcell led to the well-balanced photocurrents. As a result, this reversed hybrid tandem device showed an enhanced efficiency of 3.3% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.51 V.
Published: 2013

241. Non-thermal phase separation of P3HT and PCBM using polar aprotic solvents for enhancement of photovoltaic performance in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Author: Ji-Seon Lee, Bongsoo Kim, and Nam-Gyu Park
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Photocurrent, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Organic solar cell, Scanning electron microscope, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Polymer solar cell, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallinity, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry), Alkyl
Abstract: Additive-assisted non-thermal phase separation of P3HT and PCBM was studied using nitrile solvents that have low boiling points. 10 volume% of acetonitrile (ACN) or valeronitrile (VN) was added to the P3HT:PCBM blend chlorobezene solution. The P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction layer prepared without nitrile solvents showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.75%. The ACN addition to the blend solution improved the PCE slightly to 1.07% and the VN addition nearly doubled the PCE to 1.40%. The PCEs were mainly enhanced due to the increased photocurrent density. More specifically, the increased crystallinity and nanoscale phase separation of P3HT chains and PCBM molecules were key reasons for the improvement, which were clearly observed in the UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force spectroscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments. From the normalized UV–visible absorption spectra, the addition of ACN and VN into the P3HT:PCBM blend solution made a red-shift of main absorption peak from 500 to 510 nm with the appearance of pronounced shoulder peaks at 555 and 610 nm. This feature suggested that the interaction between P3HT chains was strengthened with aid of the additives. The main difference between ACN and VN additives was revealed in the AFM and SEM imaging. The VN additive induced to form self-organized 1-dimensional (1D) P3HT domains, which resulted from the fact that the VN consists of longer alkyl chains and have higher boiling point. The interaction between the alkyl chain part in the VN with hexyl chains in the P3HT should promote the nanostructured domain formation of P3HT chains. In addition, the long 1D P3HT domains were web-likely connected, which enabled efficient charge transport in the P3HT:PCBM blend film. Therefore, we concluded the highest photovoltaic performance of VN-assisted P3HT:PCBM blend devices was achieved by the good phase separation and well-connected transporting channel formation in the P3HT:PCBM blend film.
Published: 2013

242. High-quality nanomechanical resonator based on a defect-free gold nanowire

Author: Jung Won Chang, Sang Goon Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Minkyung Jung, Youngdong Yoo, Soon Gul Lee, Jinhee Kim, and Seung-Bo Shim
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Dynamic range, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Dissipation, Amorphous solid, Resonator, Quality (physics), Optoelectronics, business, Softening, Hardening (computing)
Abstract: Nanomechanical resonators were fabricated using defect-free single-crystalline Au nanowires (NWs), and their mechanical properties were investigated by using the magneto-motive detection method. The fabricated Au NW resonators exhibited a resonance frequency of 33–119 MHz and a quality factor of 1800 ∼ 11000, depending on the resonator’s dimensions. Compared to its amorphous film counterpart, the Au NW resonator showed noticeable increases in both the resonance frequency and the quality factor. Also observed was a significant increase in the dynamic range for the NW resonator. These improvements could be attributed to low and uniform energy dissipation by the defect-free single-crystalline Au NW resonator. In addition, the length dependence of the nonlinear characteristics was observed. Mechanical softening was observed in the case of short (l = 2 µm and 3 µm) resonators while mechanical hardening was observed in the case of long (l = 4 µm) resonators.
Published: 2013

243. Decreased inhibitory neuronal activity in patients with frontal lobe brain tumors with seizure presentation: Preliminary study using magnetoencephalography

Author: Won Seok Chang, Jin Woo Chang, Bongsoo Kim, Yong-Ho Lee, Hyun Ho Jung, Kiwoong Kim, and Hyuk Chan Kwon
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Sensory system, Epileptogenesis, Gastroenterology, Young Adult, symbols.namesake, Epilepsy, Seizures, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Premovement neuronal activity, Fisher's exact test, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, Magnetoencephalography, Somatosensory Cortex, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, Frontal Lobe, Median Nerve, Anesthesia, symbols, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Epileptic seizure, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Although 30–50 % of patients with brain tumors experience epileptic seizure as the presenting clinical symptom, and another 10–30 % are at risk for developing epilepsy in the later stages of the disease, the mechanisms of tumor-related epileptogenesis are poorly understood. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate sensory evoked fields (SEFs) in patients with frontal lobe brain tumors as a means of evaluating the neuronal activity of peri-tumoral cortex. Twelve patients with frontal lobe brain tumors underwent MEG. We calculated the equivalent current dipole strength of two components of the primary sensory cortical response (N20m and P35m) and compared the P35m/N20m ratio in the tumor hemisphere vs. the normal hemisphere. There were two subsets of patients: group I, in which P35m/N20m was higher in the tumor hemisphere (n = 7), and group II, in which P35m/N20m was higher in the normal hemisphere (n = 5). We looked for associations between clinical factors and P35m/N20m within each group. All patients with seizure presentation were in group I, whereas only two patients without seizure presentation were in group I (Fisher exact test, p = 0.028). No other clinical factors were related to P35m/N20m. The mean ratio of P35m/N20m equivalent current dipole strength in patients with seizure presentation was 4.07 ± 2.38 in the tumor hemisphere and 2.00 ± 0.55 in the normal hemisphere. This difference was statistically significant (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.030). The paradoxical increase in P35m/N20m in patients with seizure presentation suggests that decreased inhibitory neuronal activity is a potential cause of tumor-related epilepsy.
Published: 2013

244. 38.2: Comparative Analysis of Alignment Characteristics of Polyimide Films Using Near Edge X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure

Author: Nakwon Kim, Seung-Kyu Choi, Kyoungri Kim, Youngseok Choi, Suho Jeon, Musun Kwak, Dongwoo Kang, Bongsoo Kim, and Ki-Jeong Kim
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Crystallography, Materials science, Temperature treatment, Adsorption, Liquid crystal, Annealing (metallurgy), Analytical chemistry, X-ray, Hot plate, Polyimide, Rubbing
Abstract: We studied the structural characteristics of poly imides (PI) chains according to the film thickness and the temperature treatment using the angle resolved near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (AR-NEXAFS). The molecular directional angle a of the twisted nematic (TN) and the in-plane switching (IPS) mode alignment film (AF) decrease the tilt angle as increasing the film thickness. These films also shows the temperature dependence of C=C * according to the annealing conditions. In case TN mode sample lost its angular dependency after annealing 230 °C for 2400 sec on the hot plate, but IPS mode sample maintained its angular dependency after same annealing condition with TN mode sample.
Published: 2013

245. Binder-Free Cu–In Alloy Nanoparticles Precursor and Their Phase Transformation to Chalcogenides for Solar Cell Applications

Author: Doh-Kwon Lee, Ye Seul Lim, Honggon Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Jeung-hyun Jeong, Jin Young Kim, Unyong Jeong, and Min Jae Ko
Subjects: Auger electron spectroscopy, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, Intermetallic, Nanoparticle, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, symbols.namesake, General Energy, Transmission electron microscopy, law, Solar cell, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thin film, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: A low-cost, nonvacuum fabrication route for CuInSe2 and CuInS2 thin films is presented. To produce these films, binder-free colloidal precursors were prepared using Cu–In intermetallic nanoparticles that were synthesized via a chemical reduction method. The Cu–In alloy precursor films were transformed to CuInSe2 and CuInS2 by reactive annealing in chalcogen-containing atmospheres at atmospheric pressure. The as-synthesized nanoparticles and the annealed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, electron probe X-ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy depth profile measurements to elucidate the phase evolution pathway and the densification mechanism of the Cu–In–Se–S system. Solar cell devices made with CuInSe2 and CuInS2 absorbing layers exhibited power conversion efficiencies of 3.92% and 2.28%, respectively. A comparison of the devices suggested that the microstructur...
Published: 2013

246. Correlation between Crystallinity, Charge Transport, and Electrical Stability in an Ambipolar Polymer Field-Effect Transistor Based on Poly(naphthalene-alt-diketopyrrolopyrrole)

Author: Joong Seok Lee, Sungnam Park, Honggon Kim, Hae Jung Son, Moon Sung Kang, Bongsoo Kim, Sanghyeok Cho, Se Young Oh, Hyunjung Kim, Jeong Ho Cho, Min Jae Ko, Hyo Sang Lee, and Beom Joon Kim
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Electron mobility, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Ambipolar diffusion, Analytical chemistry, Polymer, Electron, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, General Energy, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Field-effect transistor, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Naphthalene
Abstract: We characterized the electrical properties of ambipolar polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) based on the low-band-gap polymer, pNAPDO-DPP-EH. The polymer consisted of electron-rich 2,6-di(thienyl)naphthalene units with decyloxy chains (NAPDO) and electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole units with 2-ethylhexyl chains (DPP-EH). The as-spun pNAPDO-DPP-EH PFET device exhibited ambipolar transport properties with a hole mobility of 3.64 × 10–3 cm2/(V s) and an electron mobility of 0.37 × 10–3 cm2/(V s). Thermal annealing of the polymer film resulted in a dramatic increase in the carrier mobility. Annealing at 200 °C yielded hole and electron mobilities of 0.078 and 0.002 cm2/(V s), respectively. The mechanism by which the mobility had improved was investigated via grazing incidence X-ray diffraction studies, atomic force microscopy, and temperature-dependent transport measurements. These results indicated that thermal annealing improved the polymer film crystallinity and promoted the formation of a longer...
Published: 2013

247. Rapid Dye Adsorption via Surface Modification of TiO2 Photoanodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Author: Honggon Kim, Hae Jung Son, Jin Young Kim, Kicheon Yoo, Boeun Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Se Woong Park, Min Woo Lee, Min Jae Ko, Jae-Yup Kim, Jin Ah Lee, Doh-Kwon Lee, and Sung-Hwan Han
Subjects: Reaction rate, Chemical kinetics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dye-sensitized solar cell, Adsorption, Aqueous solution, chemistry, Nitric acid, Surface modification, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Photochemistry, Ruthenium
Abstract: A facile method for increasing the reaction rate of dye adsorption, which is the most time-consuming step in the production of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), was developed. Treatment of a TiO2 photoanode with aqueous nitric acid solution (pH 1) remarkably reduced the reaction time required to anchor a carboxylate anion of the dye onto the TiO2 nanoparticle surface. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the dye adsorption process became 18 times faster than that of the conventional adsorption method. We studied the influence of the nitric acid treatment on the properties of TiO2 nanostructures, binding modes of the dye, and adsorption kinetics, and found that the reaction rate improved via the synergistic effects of the following: (1) electrostatic attraction between the positively charged TiO2 surface and ruthenium anion increases the collision frequency between the adsorbent and the anchoring group of the dye; (2) the weak anchoring affinity of NO3(-) in nitric acid with metal oxides enables the rapid coordination of an anionic dye with the metal oxide; and (3) sufficient acidity of the nitric acid solution effectively increases the positive charge density on the TiO2 surface without degrading or transforming the TiO2 nanostructure. These results demonstrate the developed method is effective for reducing the overall fabrication time without sacrificing the performance and long-term stability of DSSCs.
Published: 2013

248. Slow Dynamics in the Relaxation of an Irrationally Frustrated XY Model in Two Dimensions: Analogy to Supercooled Liquids

Author: Sung Jong Lee and Bongsoo Kim
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Condensed matter physics, Dynamics (mechanics), Relaxation (physics), Analogy, Supercooling, Classical XY model
Published: 2013

249. N-Octyl-2,7-dithia-5-azacyclopenta[a]pentalene-4,6-dione-Based Low Band Gap Polymers for Efficient Solar Cells

Author: Il Kang, Bongsoo Kim, Youngwoon Yoon, Nara Shin, Yun-Hi Kim, Min Jae Ko, Hae Jung Son, Youn Su Kim, Seul Ong Kim, Kyungkon Kim, Honggon Kim, Hui Jun Yun, and Soon Ki Kwon
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Pentalene, Polymers and Plastics, Band gap, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Polymer, Photochemistry, Acceptor, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, PEDOT:PSS, law, Solar cell, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Moiety, business, HOMO/LUMO
Abstract: We report the synthesis, characterization, and solar cell properties of new donor–acceptor-type low band gap polymers (POBDTPD and PEBDTPD) that incorporate dialkoxybenzodithiophene (BDT) as the donor and N-octyl-2,7-dithia-5-azacyclopenta[a]pentalene-4,6-dione (DTPD) as the acceptor. The newly developed DTPD moiety was carefully designed to lower a band gap via strong interaction between donor–acceptor moieties and keep polymer energy levels deep. Remarkably, the DTPD acceptor moiety effectively widens the light absorption range of the polymers up to ∼900 nm while positioning their HOMO and LUMO levels in the optimal range, i.e., −5.3 and −4.0 eV, respectively, for high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as we intended. Solar cell devices were fabricated according to the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/photoactive (polymer:PC70BM)/TiO2/Al. The POBDTPD devices exhibited a PCE of 4.7% with a Voc of 0.70 V, a Jsc of 10.6 mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.64. The PEBDTPD devices yielded a higher PCE of 5.3% with a Voc of 0.72...
Published: 2013

250. Effects of particle morphology of ZnO buffer layer on the performance of organic solar cell devices

Author: Taehee Kim, Odireleng M. Ntwaeaborwa, Bongsoo Kim, Hendrik C. Swart, and P.S. Mbule
Subjects: Materials science, Organic solar cell, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy conversion efficiency, Wide-bandgap semiconductor, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, PEDOT:PSS, Chemical engineering, Electrode, Particle, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: The performance of poly(3-hexyltheopene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester or P3HT:PCBM based organic solar cell (OSC) devices can be improved by adding an electron extraction layer of a wide band gap semiconducting material such as ZnO or TiO2 that facilitates the electron transport from the photo-active layer (P3HT:PCBM blend) to the top metal electrode (e.g. Al) and, at the same time, blocks holes from reaching the top electrode. Other factors that determine performance of the OSC devices include morphology, thickness and donor–acceptor ratio. In this study we investigated the effects of concentration and particle morphology (nanoparticle versus nanoflake) of ZnO electron extraction layer on the performance of the OSC devices with configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/ ZnO/Al. The concentration of ZnO nanoparticle or nanoflake solutions was varied from 0.5 to 20 mg/ml. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.08% was recorded from devices incorporating ZnO nanoflake electron extraction layer, whereas PCE of 2.37% was recorded from devices with ZnO nanoparticles as the electron extraction layer. The maximum PCE was obtained from a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml ZnO for both devices. The influence of the particle morphology and the concentration of the ZnO electron extraction layer on the general performance of the OSC devices is discussed in detail.
Published: 2013

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