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La presente investigación se enfoca en la subcuenca del Río Chiquito, una región donde aproximadamente el 27 % de su territorio se encuentra completamente urbanizado. El sistema hidrogeológico exhibe características distintivas, comprendiendo acuíferos fracturados, porosos y multicapa que operan como una única unidad. La zona de recarga, en parte protegida por su ubicación en la zona de amortiguamiento y núcleo del Parque Nacional La Tigra, se encuentra en los acuíferos fracturados del Grupo Padre Miguel, seguidos por los acuíferos multicapa de la Formación Río Chiquito. En la parte baja de la subcuenca se localiza la zona de descarga, con alto aprovechamiento de pozos por la mayor densidad de población, y donde el territorio se encuentra completamente urbanizado. El análisis hidroquímico de las aguas subterráneas (manantiales y pozos) muestra que en la parte alta de la cuenca las aguas presentan una facies bicarbonatada cálcica, mientras que en la parte baja son aguas selenitosas, es decir, con elevadas concentraciones de sulfato. Los recursos hídricos de esta unidad se encuentran en un estado crítico debido a la extracción exhaustiva de agua en los pozos, agravando la situación los materiales propios de la geología local y los procesos edáficos, que contribuyen al empeoramiento de la calidad del agua, con incremento en la presencia de metales pesados, como arsénico, cadmio, manganeso, zinc y estroncio, así como por las altas concentraciones de sulfatos, comprometiendo la salud humana de los usuarios de estos puntos de aprovechamiento. Se determinó la zonificación de los riesgos asociados a la salud humana, identificando la parte baja de la subcuenca como un área con alto riesgo debido a aguas selenitosas y a contaminantes metálicos, junto con elevadas tasas de contaminación microbiológica encontradas en más del 50 % de los pozos evaluados, dando como consecuencia un índice de calidad del agua que oscila entre pobre y marginal. Para abordar estos problemas, se prop

Water parks often use chlorine for water disinfection despite its ineffectiveness and health risks. This research explored the efficacy of combining electromagnetic treatment (EMT) with chlorination in disinfecting swimming pool water. Water samples, with different organic loads, were subjected to EMT-chlorination tests. EMT significantly affected the physicochemical parameters of the water, notably reducing turbidity by 50 % and decreasing COD levels compared to systems without EMT. The system with EMT reported lower chlorine consumption, suggesting a lower formation of chlorogenic by-products. Therefore, it is evident that the combined method can decrease the levels of organic contamination in the water, reduce the presence of algae, and minimize the consumption of conventional chemical disinfectants, thus reflecting an interesting synergy between EMT and chlorination, which could be advantageous from a health, environmental and economic perspective.

El tratamiento electromagnético (EMT) se está utilizando para evitar incrustaciones, pero tiene además otros efectos, ya que puede afectar a la población de algas o microrganismos, según se ha observado en recientes ensayos de laboratorio llevados a cabo en el Instituto de Ingeniería de Procesos Químicos (IIPQ) de la Universidad de Alicante, con agua tomada de “Terra Natura” (Benidorm, Alicante), en concreto de la piscina donde habitan leones marinos. En este trabajo se tratará de determinar los efectos producidos en algas cultivadas procedentes de esta piscina, sometidas a EMT en ensayos de laboratorio controlados. Se ha comprobado que proliferan microalgas destacando las del género “Chlorellas” y para cuantificar los efectos de EMT a mayor escala es crucial llevar a cabo su cultivo, siendo uno de los objetivos prioritarios de este trabajo conocer el medio de cultivo que permita maximizar la producción de estas microalgas y a su vez comparar con el crecimiento de "Espirulina”. Se utilizaron cuatro medios distintos y se compararon parámetros físico-químicos medidos como la conductividad, el pH, la temperatura, la densidad óptica y el peso seco durante 3 semanas y se seleccionó el medio que mejores resultados presentó para el agua de Terra Natura. Una vez el cultivo estuvo listo, se llevó a cabo el EMT durante 14 días mediante el equipo TK3K, comparando los mismos parámetros utilizados para los cultivos y además determinando clorofilas totales. Para ver la diferencia, se realizó en paralelo otro ensayo sin tratamiento, con la hipótesis de que en la muestra tratada electromagnéticamente la concentración microalgal disminuiría. Los resultados visuales sugieren que la hipótesis se confirma, ya que se observó un cambio en la coloración de los tanques, con un tono verde más intenso en el tanque no tratado. Además, las mediciones de clorofila y peso seco respaldan esta conclusión, mostrando una concentración menor en el tanque tratado. Las variaciones del pH fueron mínimas

The formation of calcium carbonate scale in pipes and devices in water supply networks poses serious problems. Electromagnetic treatment (EMT) is a technology that can prevent the formation of these scales without the need to add chemical reagents, reducing maintenance costs in the installations. In this work, the types of crystals commonly found in water distribution systems are studied, with emphasis on the different techniques that allow their characterization (TGA, XRD, SEM), and the effects that EMT produces on their morphology. Laboratory trials have been carried out with synthetic water prepared from a calcium carbonate solution to study the crystals obtained at different temperatures, with and without EMT. High temperatures cause the production of aragonite instead of the stable form (calcite), as was observed in the samples from the heater resistors. In contrast, in the samples taken in lower temperature zones, a majority presence of calcite was observed. These results have been corroborated with a laboratory-scale evaporation trial, obtaining an increase in the aragonite/calcite ratio with increasing temperature and with the treatment applied, generating crystalline phases that exceed 70% aragonite (needle shape). It is highlighted that the EMT limits the reversion of aragonite to calcite and decreases the formation of scale.

En este objeto de aprendizaje se explica cómo realiza el boceto de una escena de exterior

En este objeto de aprendizaje se expone la forma de introducir sombras en una escena de exterior

En este objeto de aprendizaje se expone la forma de introducir luces de rebote en una escena de exterior

En este objeto de aprendizaje se expone cómo aplicar color a una composición de exterior para representar la componente difusiva de la luz

En este objeto de aprendizaje se explica cómo proceder para entintar una escena de exterior

En este objeto de aprendizaje se expone la forma más óptima de introducir la componente especular de la luz (brillos) en una escena de exterior

En este objeto de aprendizaje se expone una forma de introducir reflejos en la pintura de exterior para simular superficies reflectantes como espejos

[EN] Background for the research: Premature birth and its associated complications are one of the biggest global health problems, since there is currently no effective screening method in clinical practice to accurately identify the true Preterm Birth (PTB) from the false threatened ones. Despite the high prevalence of PTB in multiple gestation (MG) women which amounted up to 60%, in the literature there is any work about their uterine myoelectric activities in vivo system. Electrohysterography (EHG) has been emerged as an alternative technique for predicting PTB in single gestation (SG) women. Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the uterine myoelectrical activity in vivo system of SG and MG women in regular check-ups, to provide the basis for early detection and prevention of preterm labour in MG. Basic procedures: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 31 SG and 18 MG women between the 28(th) and 32(th) WoG who underwent regular check-ups in the Polytechnic and University Hospital La Fe (Valencia, Spain). The 30-minute bipolar recording was filtered in the 0.1-4 Hz bandwidth and downsampled to 20 Hz. Signal analysis was performed in 120-second moving windows with 50% overlap, after removing artefacts by a double- blind expert process. A set of 8 temporal, spectral and non-linear parameters were calculated: root mean square (RMS), kurtosis of the Hilbert envelope (KHE), median frequency (MDF), H/L ratio, and sample entropy (SampEn) and bubble entropy (BubbEn) calculated in the whole bandwidth (WBW) and the fast wave high (FWH). The 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of all windows analysed were calculated to obtain representative values of the recordings. For each parameter and percentile, statistically significant differences between the SG and MG groups and their statistical power (SP) were analysed to determine both the existence of an effect and substantive significance, respectively. Main findings: In comparison to SG

[EN] The design and control of artificial hands remains a challenge in engineering. Popular prostheses are bio-mechanically simple with restricted manipulation capabilities, as advanced devices are pricy or abandoned due to their difficult communication with the hand. For social robots, the interpretation of human intention is key for their integration in daily life. This can be achieved with machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are barely used for grasping posture recognition. This work proposes an ML approach to recognize nine hand postures, representing 90% of the activities of daily living in real time using an sEMG human-robot interface (HRI). Data from 20 subjects wearing a Myo armband (8 sEMG signals) were gathered from the NinaPro DS5 and from experimental tests with the YCB Object Set, and they were used jointly in the development of a simple multi-layer perceptron in MATLAB, with a global percentage success of 73% using only two features. GPU-based implementations were run to select the best architecture, with generalization capabilities, robustness-versus-electrode shift, low memory expense, and real-time performance. This architecture enables the implementation of grasping posture recognition in low-cost devices, aimed at the development of affordable functional prostheses and HRI for social robots.

En este objeto de aprendizaje se explica cómo proceder para dotar de color plano una composición de exterior

In this article we will study how the viceroys of the Kingdom of Valencia moved between the different viceroyal seats within their cursus honorum and how their wives or their progenitors played an important role in its construction. We will exemplify many of these issues through the case of the Benavente family, which remained at the head of the Valencian viceroyalty for much of the 17th century. Thus, we will be able to see how the viceregal institution became an essential element for the development of the Monarchy, in which the viceroys and vicereines, in their capacity as representatives of the Crown, perpetuated its significance in each of the territories., En este artículo estudiamos cómo los virreyes del Reino de Valencia se movieron entre las diferentes plazas virreinales dentro de su cursus honorum y cómo en la construcción del mismo jugaron un papel importante sus esposas o sus progenitoras. Se ejemplifican muchas de estas cuestiones a partir del caso de la familia Benavente, la cual se perpetuó durante buena parte del siglo XVII al frente del virreinato valenciano. Así, veremos cómo la institución virreinal se convirtió en un elemento esencial para el desarrollo de la Monarquía, mediante la cual los virreyes y virreinas, en calidad de alter ego de la Corona, ejercieron ciertas cotas de poder y representación en cada uno de los territorios.

Treatment options for patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) and AML with myeloid-related changes (AMLMRC) aged 60 to 75 years are scarce and unsuitable. A pivotal trial showed that CPX-351 improved complete remission with/without incomplete recovery (CR/CRi) and overall survival (OS) as compared with standard "3+7" regimens. We retrospectively analyze outcomes of 765 patients with sAML and AML-MRC aged 60 to 75 years treated with intensive chemotherapy, reported to the PETHEMA registry before CPX-351 became available. The CR/CRi rate was 48%, median OS was 7.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7-8.5) and event-free survival (EFS) 2.7 months (95% CI: 2-3.3), without differences between intensive chemotherapy regimens and AML type. Multivariate analyses identified age ≥70 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥1 as independent adverse prognostic factors for CR/CRi and OS, while favorable/intermediate cytogenetic risk and NPM1 were favorable prognostic factors. Patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplant (HSCT), autologous HSCT, and those who completed more consolidation cycles showed improved OS. This large study suggests that classical intensive chemotherapy could lead to similar CR/CRi rates with slightly shorter median OS than CPX-351.

In many lichen-forming fungi, molecular phylogenetic analyses lead to the discovery of cryptic species within traditional morphospecies. However, in some cases, molecular sequence data also questions the separation of phenotypically characterised species. Here we apply an integrative taxonomy approach ‒ including morphological, chemical, molecular, and distributional characters ‒ to re-assess species boundaries in a traditionally speciose group of hair lichens, Bryoria sect. Implexae. We sampled multilocus sequence and microsatellite data from 142 specimens from a broad intercontinental distribution. Molecular data included DNAsequences of the standard fungal markers ITS, IGS, GAPDH, two newly tested loci (FRBi15 and FRBi16), and SSR frequencies from 18 microsatellite markers. Datasets were analysed with Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction, phenogram reconstruction, STRUCTURE Bayesian clustering, principal coordinate analysis, haplotype network, and several different species delimitation analyses (ABGD, PTP, GMYC, and DISSECT).Additionally, past population demography and divergence times are estimated. The different approaches to species recognition do not support the monophyly of the 11 currently accepted morphospecies, and rather suggest the reduction of these to four phylogenetic species. Moreover, three of these are relatively recent in origin and cryptic, including phenotypically and chemically variable specimens. Issues regarding the integration of an evolutionary perspective into taxonomic conclusions in species complexes, which have undergone recent diversification, are discussed. The four accepted species, all epitypified by sequenced material, are Bryoria fuscescens, B. glabra, B. kockiana, and B. pseudofuscescens. Ten species rank names are reduced to synonymy. In the absence of molecular data, they can be recorded as the B. fuscescens complex. Intraspecific phenotype plasticity and factors affecting the speciation of different mor, Federal Office for the Environment, SwissBOL, Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Depto. de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Refractoriness to induction therapy and relapse after complete remission are the leading causes of death in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This study focussed on the prediction of response to standard induction therapy and outcome of patients with AML using a combined strategy of mutational profiling by next-generation sequencing (NGS, n = 190) and ex vivo PharmaFlow testing (n = 74) for the 10 most widely used drugs for AML induction therapy, in a cohort of adult patients uniformly treated according to Spanish PETHEMA guidelines. We identified an adverse mutational profile (EZH2, KMT2A, U2AF1 and/or TP53 mutations) that carries a greater risk of death [hazard ratio (HR): 3 29, P < 0 0001]. A high correlation was found between the ex vivo PharmaFlow results and clinical induction response (69%). Clinical correlation analysis showed that the pattern of multiresistance revealed by ex vivo PharmaFlow identified patients with a high risk of death (HR: 2 58). Patients with mutation status also ran a high risk (HR 4 19), and the risk was increased further in patients with both adverse profiles (HR 4 82). We have developed a new score based on NGS and ex vivo drug testing for AML patients that improves upon current prognostic risk stratification and allows clinicians to tailor treatments to minimise drug resistance., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CRIS against Cancer foundation, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub