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Das vierbändige „Handbuch zur Geschichte der Konfliktlösung in Europa“ beschäftigt sich mit rechtlichen und außerrechtlichen Wegen der Entscheidung von Konflikten zwischen einzelnen Menschen sowie zwischen Personen und ihren Obrigkeiten. Das von Expertinnen und Experten aus vielen europäischen Ländern geschriebene Handbuch soll als zentrales Referenzmedium für die historische Dimension aller Aspekte der Streitentscheidung dienen.Der Aufbau des Werks orientiert sich an den vier Epochen Antike, Mittelalter, Frühe Neuzeit und 19./20. Jahrhundert. Nach einer Einführung in die jeweilige Epoche werden die für den Zeitabschnitt kennzeichnenden Akteure, Verfahren und Institutionen vorgestellt sowie Kernfragen und Zentralprobleme der Streitentscheidung in zeittypischen Konfliktfeldern behandelt. Die europäische Perspektive des Handbuchs schlägt sich in Überblicken zu einzelnen Ländern, Regionen und Rechtskulturen nieder. Ausführliche Hinweise auf die weiterführende Literatur runden die Darstellung ab. Der vorliegende Band 2 umfasst Beiträge zum Mittelalter.

Risikolagen und vulnerable Gruppen gab es zu allen Zeiten und Orten. Soziale Fragen, die gestaltend bewältigt werden wollen, existierten in allen kulturellen Räumen. Die elementaren Formen, in denen auf diese Herausforderungen in den unterscheidlichen Kulturen reagiert wurden, sind morphologisch ähnlich. Frank Schulz-Nieswandt nimmt diesen Tatbestand zum Anlaß, aus anthropologischem Blickwinkel zwei archetypische Urformen sozialer Politik zu betrachten: Herrschaft und Genossenschaft. Im Mittelpunkt erschließt der Autor die strukturale Formenlehre sozialer Politik im Dualismus des gemeinorientalischen Typus der vertikalen Wohltätigkeit »von oben« (Barmherzigkeit) und des griechisch-römischen Typus der genossenschaftsartigen Hilfe auf Gegenseitigkeit (Bürger-Egalität, aber auch als maskulin-agonale res publica). Aus diesen archetypischen Urkategorien heraus differenzieren sich die binären elementaren Formen als Typen vertikaler und horizontaler Reziprozität. Die herausgestellten Archetypen leben heute noch fort, beispielsweise in der steuerfinanzierten staatlichen Transferpolitik (bedürftigkeitsgeprüfte Sozialhilfe) und der asymmetrischen freiwilligen Wohltätigkeit sowie in der sozialversicherungsartigen Risikovergemeinschaftung und in Kleingenossenschaften der sozialen Selbsthilfe. Allen diesen differenzierten Formen sozialen Helfens und sozialer Risikobewältigung gemein ist ihr Ursprung in dem Gabemechanismus als conditio humana.

Vor 10 Jahren wurden in Deutschland die zahlreichen Fälle von sexuellem Missbrauch in Raum von Kirche öffentlich. Der Band versammelt Beiträge, die das komplexe Phänomen und die tieferliegenden Ursachen und Probleme analysieren, Reaktionen und Versuche der Aufarbeitung reflektieren und offene Herausforderungen für Prävention und Aufarbeitung in unterschiedlichen kirchlichen Handlungsfeldern erörtern.

The chemistry of polyurethane coatings is of great significance in many applications worldwide. Moreover, their development potential has yet to be exhausted by any means. New applications are being identified and the product range will be further development. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the chemistry and the various possible application fields of polyurethanes. It starts by illustrating the principles of polyurethane chemistry, enabling the reader to understand the current significance of many applications and special developments. Newcomers learn about the key concepts of polyurethane chemistry and the main application technologies, while experienced specialists will value the insights on current trends and changes.

This classic reference examines the mechanisms driving adhesion, categories of adhesives, techniques for bond formation and evaluation, and major industrial applications. Integrating recent innovation and improved instrumentation, the work offers broad and comprehensive coverage. This edition incorporates several new adhesive classes, new application topics, and recent developments with nanoadhesives and bio-based adhesives. Existing chapters are thoroughly updated, revised, or replaced and authored by top specialists in the field. Abundant figures, tables, and equations appear throughout the work.

The field of proteomics has developed rapidly over the past decade nurturing the need for a detailed introduction to the various informatics topics that underpin the main liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) protocols used for protein identification and quantitation. Proteins are a key component of any biological system, and monitoring proteins using LC-MS/MS proteomics is becoming commonplace in a wide range of biological research areas. However, many researchers treat proteomics software tools as a black box, drawing conclusions from the output of such tools without considering the nuances and limitations of the algorithms on which such software is based. This book seeks to address this situation by bringing together world experts to provide clear explanations of the key algorithms, workflows and analysis frameworks, so that users of proteomics data can be confident that they are using appropriate tools in suitable ways.

Polyurethane Polymers: Blends and Interpenetrating Networks deals with almost all aspects of blends and IPNs formed by polyurethane, including the thermal, mechanical, morphological, and viscoelastic properties of each blend presented in the book. In addition, major applications related to these blends and IPNs are mentioned. - Provides an elaborate coverage of the chemistry of polyurethane, including its synthesis and properties - Includes available characterization techniques - Relates types of polyurethanes to their potential properties - Discusses blends options

High throughput screening remains a key part of early stage drug and tool compound discovery, and methods and technologies have seen many fundamental improvements and innovations over the past 20 years. This comprehensive book provides a historical survey of the field up to the current state-of-the-art. In addition to the specific methods, this book also considers cultural and organizational questions that represent opportunities for future success.Following thought-provoking foreword and introduction from Professor Stuart Schreiber and the editors, chapters from leading experts across academia and industry cover initial considerations for screening, methods appropriate for different goals in small molecule discovery, newer technologies that provide alternative approaches to traditional miniaturization procedures, and practical aspects such as cost and resourcing. Within the context of their historical development, authors explain common pitfalls and their solutions.This book will serve as both a practical reference and a thoughtful guide to the philosophy underlying technological change in such a fast-moving area for postgraduates and researchers in academia and industry, particularly in the areas of chemical biology, pharmacology, structural biology and assay development.

An imaginative reassessment of Æthelred'the Unready,'one of medieval England's most maligned kings and a major Anglo-Saxon figure The Anglo-Saxon king Æthelred'the Unready'(978–1016) has

Your personal Ullmann's: Chemical and physical characteristics, production processes and production figures, main applications, toxicology and safety information are all to be found here in one single resource - bringing the vast knowledge of the Ullmann's Encyclopedia to the desks of industrial chemists and chemical engineers. The ULLMANN'S perspective on polymers and plastics brings reliable information on more than 1500 compounds and products straight to your desktop Carefully selected'best of'compilation of 61 topical articles from the Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry on economically important polymers provide a wealth of chemical, physical and economic data on more than 1000 different polymers and hundreds of modifications Contains a wealth of information on the production and use of all industrially relevant polymers and plastics, including organic and inorganic polymers, fibers, foams and resins Extensively updated: more than 30% of the content has been added or updated since the launch of the 7th edition of the Ullmann's encyclopedia in 2011 and is now available in print for the first time 4 Volumes

Kiwifruit: The Genus ACTINIDIA includes extensive and full coverage of scientific and applied information, ranging from basic taxonomy, population genetics, and natural resources/distribution, to domestication history and breeding/cultivars, also including further information on culture and international production and commercialization. The book gathers information not previously available in the English language, providing an authoritative reference for professionals, including taxonomists, horticulturist, breeders, conservationists, kiwifruit technicians, college teachers, policymakers in the industry, and governments. In addition to those in the academic and professional sectors, horticultural and botanical enthusiasts will find the information presented highly accessible. - Presents the first world monograph on the genus Actinidia (kiwifruit) - Provides up-to-date research based on'everything kiwi, including new and critical information on kiwi germplasm and taxonomy from China, the native country of kiwi - Includes authoritative and detailed descriptions for each species, with extensive color illustrations and information accumulated during the author's 30 years of research

Advances in Polyurethane Biomaterials brings together a thorough review of advances in the properties and applications of polyurethanes for biomedical applications. The first set of chapters in the book provides an important overview of the fundamentals of this material with chapters on properties and processing methods for polyurethane. Further sections cover significant uses such as their tissue engineering and vascular and drug delivery applications Written by an international team of leading authors, the book is a comprehensive and essential reference on this important biomaterial. - Brings together in-depth coverage of an important material, essential for many advanced biomedical applications - Connects the fundamentals of polyurethanes with state-of-the-art analysis of significant new applications, including tissue engineering and drug delivery - Written by a team of highly knowledgeable authors with a range of professional and academic experience, overseen by an editor who is a leading expert in the field

Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives offers a comprehensive review of past, present, and emerging laser-based methods for the detection of a variety of explosives. This book: Considers laser propagation safety and explains standard test material preparation for standoff optical-based detection system evaluation Explores explosives detection using deep ultraviolet native fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, reflectometry, and hyperspectral imaging Examines photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence, photothermal methods, cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry, and short-pulse laser-based techniques Describes the detection and recognition of explosives using terahertz-frequency spectroscopic techniques Each chapter is authored by a leading expert on the respective technology, and is structured to supply historical perspective, address current advantages and challenges, and discuss novel research and applications. Readers are left with an in-depth understanding and appreciation of each technology's capabilities and potential for standoff hazard detection.

With its inclusion of the fundamentals, systems and applications, this reference provides readers with the basics of micro energy conversion along with expert knowledge on system electronics and real-life microdevices. The authors address different aspects of energy harvesting at the micro scale with a focus on miniaturized and microfabricated devices. Along the way they provide an overview of the field by compiling knowledge on the design, materials development, device realization and aspects of system integration, covering emerging technologies, as well as applications in power management, energy storage, medicine and low-power system electronics. In addition, they survey the energy harvesting principles based on chemical, thermal, mechanical, as well as hybrid and nanotechnology approaches. In unparalleled detail this volume presents the complete picture -- and a peek into the future -- of micro-powered microsystems.

Bio-based Plant Oil Polymers and Composites provides engineers and materials scientists a useful framework to help take advantage of the latest research conducted in this rapidly advancing field—enabling them to develop and commercialize their own products quickly and more successfully. Plant oil is one of the most attractive options as a substitute for non-renewable resources in polymers and composites, and is producing materials with very promising thermomechanical properties relative to traditional, petroleum-based polymers. In addition to critical processing and characterization information, the book assists engineers in deciding whether or not they should use a plant oil-based polymer over a petroleum-based polymer, discussing sustainability concerns, biodegradability, associated costs, and recommended applications. The book details the advancements in the development of polymeric materials and composites from plant oils, and provides a critical review of current applications in various fields, including packaging, biomedical, and automotive applications. Also includes the latest progress in developing multifunctional biobased polymers—by increasing thermal conductivity or adding antibacterial properties, for example. - Essential coverage of processing, characterization, and the latest research into polymeric materials and composites derived from plant oils (thermoplastics, thermosets, nanocomposites, and fiber reinforced composites) - Critically reviews the potential applications of plant oil-based polymers, including sensors, structural parts, medical devices, and automotive interiors - Includes the latest developments in multifunctional bio-based polymer composites

This volume analyses the importance of history, the textual resources of the past and the integration of Christian and imperial Rome into the cultural memory of early medieval Europe within the wider question of identity formation. The case studies in this book shed new light on the process of codification and modification of cultural heritage in the light of the transmission of texts and the extant manuscript evidence from the early Middle Ages. The authors demonstrate how particular texts and their early medieval manuscript representatives in Italy, Francia, Saxony and Bavaria not only reflect ethnic, social and cultural identities but themselves contributed to the creation of identities, gave meaning to social practice, and were often intended to inspire, guide, change, or prevent action, directly or indirectly. These texts are shown to be part of a cultural effort to shape the present by restructuring the past.

Un quadro originalissimo e decisivo sulle origini e sulla maturità dei Comuni italiani: il ruolo della comunità religiosa urbana, il condizionamento dei vescovi, la funzione sociale e istituzionale dell'aristocrazia, la capacità aggregante delle clientele vassallatiche vescovili. Nelle grandi città del Nord tutto questo innesca solidarietà nuove tra le famiglie nobili e i cittadini, che vedono promossi a livello politico maggiore i loro usi di convivenza e di organizzazione. Contesto urbano e contesto rurale descrivono l'innovazione politica e la domanda cittadina dove l'economia evolve. Il Comune medievale, e in particolare quello dell'Italia settentrionale, è un laboratorio alla continua ricerca di solidi equilibri. Su questa realtà gli imperatori devono regolare il rapporto, prendendo atto delle profonde differenze rispetto al regno teutonico.

Gegenstand des Bandes ist die Transformation und Neuformierung des Gesetzesbegriffs als Folge des Zusammentreffens von antiken und lokalen Rechtstraditionen mit den die neuen Kulturen formenden Offenbarungsreligionen Judentum, Christentum, Islam, die das geschriebene Gotteswort gleichfalls als Gesetz begreifen. Damit wird ein interdisziplinärer und interkultureller Blick auf die Rechtsdiskurse jenes Zeitraumes gelenkt, den wir aus abendländischer Sicht als Mittelalter bezeichnen. Bei dieser Begegnung entstehen zum Teil sehr unterschiedlich gelagerte Problemkonstellationen, wie Begründung, Anspruch und Verhältnis des göttlichen, menschlichen und natürlichen Gesetzes zu bestimmen sind. Bleibt das Gesetzesverständnis hinsichtlich seiner juristischen Dimension vornehmlich auf den jeweiligen kulturellen und politischen Raum bezogen, so bilden der spekulative und der religiöse Gesetzesbegriff einen Referenzrahmen eigener Art, dessen unterschiedliche, Theologie, Philosophie, Rechtslehre und Geschichte umspannende Fragestellungen im Zentrum des Bandes stehen. Hier liegen die Wurzeln für unser modernes Rechtsverständnis wie auch die Gründe für die aktuell zum Vorschein tretenden Differenzen zwischen den Kulturkreisen und Religionen.

This engaging study focuses on the role of assemblies in later Anglo-Saxon politics, challenging and nuancing existing models of the late Anglo-Saxon state. Its ten chapters investigate both traditional constitutional aspects of assemblies - who attended these events, where and when they met, and what business they conducted - and the symbolic and representational nature of these gatherings. Levi Roach takes into account important recent work on continental rulership, and argues that assemblies were not a check on kingship in these years, but rather an essential feature of it. In particular, the author highlights the role of symbolic communication at assemblies, arguing that ritual and demonstration were as important in English politics as they were elsewhere in Europe. Far from being exceptional, the methods of rulership employed by English kings look very much like those witnessed elsewhere on the continent, where assemblies and ritual formed an essential part of the political order.

Why, when so driven by the impetus for autonomy, did the city elites of thirteenth-century Italy turn to men bound to religious orders whose purpose and reach stretched far beyond the boundaries of their often disputed territories? Churchmen and Urban Government in Late Medieval Italy, c.1200–c.1450 brings together a team of international contributors to provide the first comparative response to this pivotal question. Presenting a series of urban cases and contexts, the book explores the secular-religious boundaries of the period and evaluates the role of the clergy in the administration and government of Italy's city-states. With an extensive introduction and epilogue, it exposes for consideration the beginnings of the phenomenon, the varying responses of churchmen, the reasons why practices changed and how politics and religious identity relate to each other. This important new study has significant implications for our understanding of power, negotiation, bureaucracy and religious identity.

In recent years many of the conventional methods of insect control by broad­ spectrum synthetic chemicals have come under scrutiny because of their unde­ sirable effects on human health and the environment. In addition, some classes of pesticide chemistry, which generated resistance problems and severely affected the environment, are no longer used. It is against this background that the authors of this book present up-to-date findings-relating to biochemical sites that can serve as targets for developing insecticides with selective prop­ erties, and as the basis for the elucidation of resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. The book consists of eight chapters relating to biochemical targets for insec­ ticide action and seven chapters relating to biochemical modes of resistance and countermeasures. The authors of the chapters are world leaders in pesti­ cide chemistry, biochemical modes of action and mechanisms of resistance. Biochemical sites such as chitin formation, juvenile hormone and ecdysone receptors, acetylcholine and GABA receptors, ion channels, and neuropeptides are potential targets for insecticide action. The progress made in recent years in molecular biology (presented in depth in this volume) has led to the iden­ tification of genes that confer mechanisms of resistance, such as increased detoxification, decreased penetration and insensitive target sites. A combina­ tion of factors can lead to potentiation of the resistance level. Classifications of these mechanisms are termed gene amplification, changes in structural genes, and modification of gene expression.

Since the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity, ionizing radiations have been widely applied in medicine both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The risks associated with radiation exposure and handling led to the parallel development of the field of radiation protection.Pioneering experiments done by Sanche and co-workers in 2000 showed that low-energy secondary electrons, which are abundantly generated along radiation tracks, are primarily responsible for radiation damage through successive interactions with the molecular constituents of the medium. Apart from ionizing processes, which are usually related to radiation damage, below the ionization level low-energy electrons can induce molecular fragmentation via dissociative processes such as internal excitation and electron attachment. This prompted collaborative projects between different research groups from European countries together with other specialists from Canada, the USA and Australia.This book summarizes the advances achieved by these research groups after more than ten years of studies on radiation damage in biomolecular systems.An extensive Part I deals with recent experimental and theoretical findings on radiation induced damage at the molecular level. It includes many contributions on electron and positron collisions with biologically relevant molecules. X-ray and ion interactions are also covered. Part II addresses different approaches to radiation damage modelling. In Part III biomedical aspects of radiation effects are treated on different scales. After the physics-oriented focus of the previous parts, there is a gradual transition to biology and medicine with the increasing size of the object studied. Finally, Part IV is dedicated to current trends and novel techniques in radiation reserach and the applications hence arising. It includes new developments in radiotherapy and related cancer therapies, as well as technical optimizations of accelerators andtotally new equipment designs, giving a glimpse of the near future of radiation-based medical treatments.

This groundbreaking study of coinage in early medieval England is the first to take account of the very significant additions to the corpus of southern English coins discovered in recent years and to situate this evidence within the wider historical context of Anglo-Saxon England and its continental neighbours. Its nine chapters integrate historical and numismatic research to explore who made early medieval coinage, who used it and why. The currency emerges as a significant resource accessible across society and, through analysis of its production, circulation and use, the author shows that control over coinage could be a major asset. This control was guided as much by ideology as by economics and embraced several levels of power, from kings down to individual craftsmen. Thematic in approach, this innovative book offers an engaging, wide-ranging account of Anglo-Saxon coinage as a unique and revealing gauge for the interaction of society, economy and government.

Present Your Research to the World! The World Congress 2009 on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering – the triennial scientific meeting of the IUPESM - is the world's leading forum for presenting the results of current scientific work in health-related physics and technologies to an international audience. With more than 2,800 presentations it will be the biggest conference in the fields of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering in 2009! Medical physics, biomedical engineering and bioengineering have been driving forces of innovation and progress in medicine and healthcare over the past two decades. As new key technologies arise with significant potential to open new options in diagnostics and therapeutics, it is a multidisciplinary task to evaluate their benefit for medicine and healthcare with respect to the quality of performance and therapeutic output. Covering key aspects such as information and communication technologies, micro- and nanosystems, optics and biotechnology, the congress will serve as an inter- and multidisciplinary platform that brings together people from basic research, R&D, industry and medical application to discuss these issues. As a major event for science, medicine and technology the congress provides a comprehensive overview and in–depth, first-hand information on new developments, advanced technologies and current and future applications. With this Final Program we would like to give you an overview of the dimension of the congress and invite you to join us in Munich! Olaf Dössel Congress President Wolfgang C.

Description based on print version record.

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Bandes, der die Themenstellung der 35. Kölner Mediaevistentagung aufgreift, steht das Sein der Dauer in seiner ganzen phänomenalen Breite und damit das Feld des Historischen in seiner besonderen zeitlichen Struktur.

Gegenstand dieses Standardwerks ist die Geschichte aller in Deutschland geltenden Rechte von der Frühzeit bis zur Gegenwart. Die wechselnden Schwerpunkte betreffen Fragen der Verfassung, des Strafrechts oder des Privatrechts. Dieser Band bietet zur frühen deutschen Rechtsgeschichte einen dreifachen Zugang: 1. Zur Einführung werden die geschichtlichen Wirkungsfelder des Rechts umrissen. Eine Quellenkunde sucht unsere Erkenntnismöglichkeiten zu beschreiben. 2. Quellentexte mit Übersetzungen lassen das Recht der Vergangenheit selbst zu Wort kommen. 3. Zur Vertiefung dient die Diskussion sachlicher und methodischer Forschungsprobleme aus aktueller Perspektive. Aus dem Inhalt: – Rechtsgeschichte in Studium und Prüfung – Germanenrechte und römisches Vulgarrecht – Kapitularien – Graf und Schöffen – Grundherrschaft und Marktrecht – Die Rechtsschule von Bologna – Der Sachsenspiegel – Stadtrecht, Landrecht und Lehnrecht

Taking as its starting point two uprisings in England and Germany (Richard Marshal in 1233-4 and Henry (VII) in 1234-5), this book offers a new take on the political culture of high medieval Europe. Themes include: the role of violence; the norms of political behaviour; the public nature of politics; and the social history of political exchange.

Natural products play an integral and ongoing role in promoting numerous aspects of scientific advancement, and many aspects of basic research programs are intimately related to natural products. The significance, therefore, of the 29th volume in the Studies in Natural Product Chemistry series, edited by Professor Atta-ur-Rahman, cannot be overestimated. This volume, in accordance with previous volumes, presents us with cutting-edge contributions of great importance.- Volume 29 is part of a great family of useful reference books- Illustrates the types of critical discoveries that emerge from the interface of chemistry and biology- Contributions are from well-respected authors

Annually published since 1930, the International bibliography of Historical Sciences (IBOHS) is an international bibliography of the most important historical monographs and periodical articles published throughout the world, which deal with history from the earliest to the most recent times. The works are arranged systematically according to period, region or historical discipline, and within this classification alphabetically. The bibliography contains a geographical index and indexes of persons and authors.