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202. Talking Science

Author

Hiatt, Blanchard E.

Subjects
Talking Science (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Library and information science, Publishing industry, Science and technology
Published
2005

206. T Cells Promote Bronchial Epithelial Cell Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 via a C‐C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 Pathway: Implications for Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction

Author

Pain, M., Royer, P.‐J., Loy, J., Girardeau, A., Tissot, A., Lacoste, P., Roux, A., Reynaud‐Gaubert, M., Kessler, R., Mussot, S., Dromer, C., Brugière, O., Mornex, J.‐F., Guillemain, R., Dahan, M., Knoop, C., Botturi, K., Pison, C., Danger, R., Brouard, S., Magnan, A., Jougon, J., Velly, J.‐F., Rozé, H., Blanchard, E., Antoine, M., Cappello, M., Souilamas, R., Ruiz, M., Sokolow, Y., Vanden Eynden, F., Van Nooten, G., Barvais, L., Berré, J., Brimioulle, S., De Backer, D., Créteur, J., Engelman, E., Huybrechts, I., Ickx, B., Preiser, T.J.C., Tuna, T., Van Obberghe, L., Vancutsem, N., Vincent, J.‐L., De Vuyst, P., Etienne, I., Féry, F., Jacobs, F., Vachiéry, J.L., Van den Borne, P., Wellemans, I., Amand, G., Collignon, L., Giroux, M., Arnaud‐Crozat, E., Bach, V., Brichon, P.‐Y., Chaffanjon, P., Chavanon, O., de Lambert, A., Fleury, J.P., Guigard, S., Hireche, K., Pirvu, A., Porcu, P., Hacini, R., Albaladejo, P., Allègre, C., Bataillard, A., Bedague, D., Briot, E., Casez‐Brasseur, M., Colas, D., Dessertaine, G., Durand, M., Francony, G., Hebrard, A., Marino, M.R., Oummahan, B., Protar, D., Rehm, D., Robin, S., Rossi‐Blancher, M., Bedouch, P., Boignard, A., Bouvaist, H., Briault, A., Camara, B., Chanoine, S., Dubuc, M., Lantuéjoul, S., Quétant, S., Maurizi, J., Pavèse, P., Saint‐Raymond, C., Wion, N., Chérion, C., Grima, R., Jegaden, O., Maury, J.‐M., Tronc, F., Flamens, C., Paulus, S., Philit, F., Senechal, A., Glérant, J.‐C., Turquier, S., Gamondes, D., Chalabresse, L., Thivolet‐Bejui, F., Barnel, C., Dubois, C., Tiberghien, A., Le Pimpec‐Barthes, F., Bel, A., Mordant, P., Achouh, P., Boussaud, V., Méléard, D., Bricourt, M.O., Cholley, B., Pezella, V., Adda, M., Badier, M., Bregeon, F., Coltey, B., D'Journo, X.B., Dizier, S., Doddoli, C., Dufeu, N., Dutau, H., Forel, J.M., Gaubert, J.Y., Gomez, C., Leone, M., Nieves, A., Orsini, B., Papazian, L., Picard, C., Roch, A., Rolain, J.M., Sampol, E., Secq, V., Thomas, P., Trousse, D., Yahyaoui, M., Baron, O., Perigaud, C., Roussel, J.C., Danner, I., Haloun, A., Lepoivre, T., Treilhaud, M., Botturi‐Cavaillès, K., Morisset, M., Pares, S., Reboulleau, D., Dartevelle, P., Fabre, D., Fadel, E., Mercier, O., Stephan, F., Viard, P., Cerrina, J., Dorfmuller, P., Feuillet, S., Ghigna, M., Hervén, P., Le Roy Ladurie, F., Le Pavec, J., Thomas de Montpreville, V., Lamrani, L., Castier, Y., Cerceau, P., Francis, F., Lesèche, G., Allou, N., Augustin, P., Boudinet, S., Desmard, M., Dufour, G., Montravers, P., Dauriat, G., Jébrak, G., Mal, H., Marceau, A., Métivier, A.‐C., Thabut, G., Ait Ilalne, B., Falcoz, P., Massard, G., Santelmo, N., Ajob, G., Collange, O., Helms, O., Hentz, J., Roche, A., Bakouboula, B., Degot, T., Dory, A., Hirschi, S., Ohlmann‐Caillard, S., Kessler, L., Schuller, A., Bennedif, K., Vargas, S., Bonnette, P., Chapelier, A., Puyo, P., Sage, E., Bresson, J., Caille, V., Cerf, C., Devaquet, J., Dumans‐Nizard, V., Felten, M.L., Fischler, M., Si Larbi, A.G., Leguen, M., Ley, L., Liu, N., Trebbia, G., De Miranda, S., Douvry, B., Gonin, F., Grenet, D., Hamid, A.M., Neveu, H., Parquin, F., Picard, C., Stern, M., Bouillioud, F., Cahen, P., Colombat, M., Dautricourt, C., Delahousse, M., D'Urso, B., Gravisse, J., Guth, A., Hillaire, S., Honderlick, P., Lequintrec, M., Longchampt, E., Mellot, F., Scherrer, A., Temagoult, L., Tricot, L., Vasse, M., Veyrie, C., Zemoura, L., Berjaud, J., Brouchet, L., Le Balle, F, Mathe, O., Benahoua, H., Didier, A., Goin, A.L., Murris, M., Crognier, L., and Fourcade, O.

Abstract

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the major limitation of long‐term survival after lung transplantation. CLADmanifests as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) or restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS). Alloimmune reactions and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition have been suggested in BOS. However, little is known regarding the role of allogenicity in epithelial cell differentiation. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were treated with activated T cells in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. The expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was investigated. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was measured in culture supernatants and in plasma from lung transplant recipients (LTRs): 49 stable, 29 with BOS,and 16 with RAS. We demonstrated that C‐C motif chemokine 2 secreted by T cells supports TGF‐β–induced MMP‐9 production by BECsafter binding to C‐C chemokine receptor type 2. Longitudinal investigation in LTRsrevealed a rise in plasma MMP‐9 before CLADonset. Multivariate analysis showed that plasma MMP‐9 was independently associated with BOS(odds ratio [OR] =6.19, p = 0.002) or RAS(OR= 3.9, p = 0.024) and predicted the occurrence of CLAD12 months before the functional diagnosis. Thus, immune cells support airway remodeling through the production of MMP‐9. Plasma MMP‐9 is a potential predictive biomarker of CLAD. The authors investigate the production of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 by primary bronchial epithelial cells after interaction with activated T cells and show that plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐9 can serve as a predictor of chronic lung allograft dysfunction 12 months before clinical diagnosis.

Published
2017
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221. The reorganization of the human and rabbit heart in response to haemodynamic overload

Author

L. A. Mulieri, Norman R. Alpert, Gerd Hasenfuss, Frank P. Ittleman, Bruce J. Leavitt, and Blanchard E

Subjects
High-energy phosphate, medicine.medical_specialty, Sarcoplasm, Aortic Valve Insufficiency, chemistry.chemical_element, Blood Pressure, Cardiomegaly, Calcium, Muscle hypertrophy, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Calcium-binding protein, Myosin, medicine, Animals, Humans, Mitral Valve Stenosis, Cardiac Output, Heart Failure, Troponin T, business.industry, Hemodynamics, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Papillary Muscles, Myocardial Contraction, Endocrinology, chemistry, Thermodynamics, Rabbits, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Energy Metabolism, Muscle contraction
Abstract

A myothermal/mechanical analysis on non-failing and failing human hearts and normal and pressure overloaded rabbit hearts is reported. Heat production is partitioned into tension-dependent and tension-independent components together with force measurements to provide information about calcium and cross-bridge cycling. In the non-failing human heart the cross-bridge force-time integral is 0.51 +/- 0.06 (ns). This value is increased to 0.97 +/- 0.09 (P less than 0.05 s) in failing hearts. In control as compared to pressure-overload rabbit hearts the cross-bridge force-time integral increases from 0.36 +/- 0.02 to 0.96 +/- 0.11 (P less than 0.05 s). The increase in force-time integral allows the heart muscle to develop force with greater economy (less high energy phosphate hydrolysis) but at the expense of velocity and power. The amount of calcium cycled following activation in non-failing human hearts is 32.2 +/- 8.17 nmoles.g-1.-beat-1. In the failing preparations calcium cycling is reduced to 16.7 +/- 1.72 nmoles.g-1.-beat-1. In pressure-overloaded hypertrophied, as compared with control rabbit hearts, the calcium cycled per beat is reduced from 43.0 +/- 7.3 to 17.6 +/- 3.4 nmoles.g-1. It is suggested that the alterations in cross-bridge cycling are more likely to be related to isoenzyme shifts in light chains or troponin T than to myosin isoforms. The calcium cycling changes are well correlated with changes in the sarcoplasmic reticular and sarcolemmal calcium transport proteins. The alterations in the contractile and excitation contractions coupling systems contribute to the functional changes observed in the failing human and pressure-overload rabbit hearts.

Published
1992

225. Space shuttle vehicle automatic docking study

Author

Blanchard, E. P, Hutchinson, R. C, and Johnson, L. B

Subjects
Navigation
Abstract

The material presented is divided into three main areas of accomplishment. The first is a description of the angle only docking sensor concept and the computational requirements to develop useful guidance information from the raw angle only data. The second describes the analytical effort including the MIT in-house computer simulation, the development of guidance equations and vehicle stability related thereto, and presents the results of studies covering the effects of employing Kalman filtering with the sensor. The third area presents the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the program. Much of the material has appeared in previous reports, but is included here for the sake of completeness. New material indicating how the computer might operate to identify the individual sources in the target array is included.

Published
1971

226. O.174 Subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus structural proteins in a cell culture system that efficiently replicates the virus

Author

Rouillé, Y., primary, Helle, F., additional, Delgrange, D., additional, Roingeard, P., additional, Voisset, C., additional, Blanchard, E., additional, Belouzard, S., additional, McKeating, J., additional, Patel, A.H., additional, Maertens, G., additional, Wakita, T., additional, Wychowski, C., additional, and Dubuisson, J., additional

Published
2006
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230. Elephants on Acid and Other Bizarre Experiments

Author

Hiatt, Blanchard E.

Subjects
Elephants on Acid and Other Bizarre Experiments (Nonfiction work) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Library and information science, Publishing industry, Science and technology
Published
2008

231. Atomic Structure

Author

Hiatt, Blanchard E.

Subjects
Atomic Structure (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Library and information science, Publishing industry, Science and technology
Published
2008

238. How Can We Help?

Author

Martin, R., primary, Davis, G. M., additional, Baron, R. S., additional, Suls, J., additional, and Blanchard, E. B., additional

Published
1995
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244. Assessment of radiant temperature in a closed incubator.

Author

Décima P, Stéphan-Blanchard E, Pelletier A, Ghyselen L, Delanaud S, Dégrugilliers L, Telliez F, Bach V, Libert JP, Décima, Pauline, Stéphan-Blanchard, Erwan, Pelletier, Amandine, Ghyselen, Laurent, Delanaud, Stéphane, Dégrugilliers, Loïc, Telliez, Frédéric, Bach, Véronique, and Libert, Jean-Pierre

Abstract

In closed incubators, radiative heat loss (R) which is assessed from the mean radiant temperature (Tr) accounts for 40-60% of the neonate's total heat loss. In the absence of a benchmark method to calculate Tr--often considered to be the same as the air incubator temperature-errors could have a considerable impact on the thermal management of neonates. We compared Tr using two conventional methods (measurement with a black-globe thermometer and a radiative "view factor" approach) and two methods based on nude thermal manikins (a simple, schematic design from Wheldon and a multisegment, anthropometric device developed in our laboratory). By taking the Tr estimations for each method, we calculated metabolic heat production values by partitional calorimetry and then compared them with the values calculated from V(O2) and V(CO2) measured in 13 preterm neonates. Comparisons between the calculated and measured metabolic heat production values showed that the two conventional methods and Wheldon's manikin underestimated R, whereas when using the anthropomorphic thermal manikin, the simulated versus clinical difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, there is a need for a safety standard for measuring TR in a closed incubator. This standard should also make available estimating equations for all avenues of the neonate's heat exchange considering the metabolic heat production and the modifying influence of the thermal insulation provided by the diaper and by the mattress. Although thermal manikins appear to be particularly appropriate for measuring Tr, the current lack of standardized procedures limits their widespread use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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245. Conception d’un logiciel de calcul de la thermoneutralité dans les incubateurs fermés pour nouveau-nés prématurés (projet Pretherm®).

Author

Décima, P., Dégrugilliers, L., Delanaud, S., Stéphan-Blanchard, E., Vanhée, J.-L., and Libert, J.-P.

Subjects
INFANT incubators, SOFTWARE architecture, PREMATURE infants, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, HUMIDITY, INTENSIVE care units, CHILDREN'S hospital length of stay, HEALTH
Abstract

Copyright of IRBM is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2012
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246. PERFORMANCE OF FLAME RETARDANT AND WATER REPELLENT FINISHES FOR KENAF/COTTON BLEND FABRICS.

Author

Ramaswamy, Gita N., Soeharto, B., Goynes, W. R., Salame, A., Lambert, A., Blanchard, E., Parikh, D. V., Collier, B. J., Negelescu, I., Chen, Y., Romanoschi, M., and Despa, S.

Subjects
TEXTILE research, TEXTILE finishing agents, TEXTILE finishing, WATER repellents, FIREPROOFING agents, SCANNING electron microscopy, THERMAL analysis
Abstract

The article discusses the results of a study on the application of water repellent and flame retardant finishes individually. The materials and methods used in the study are discussed, including experimental fabric, finishing application, fabric characterization, use of the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-FB) to measure the basic mechanical properties, compressional, tensile, bending and surface properties, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analyses. The study concluded that the application of the finish should be done in a one-step process to produce textile with efficient and durable water repellency and flame retardancy.

Published
1997

247. IDENTIFICATION, QUANTIFICATION AND ELIMINATION OF WHITE SPECK DEFECTS ON DYED COTTON FABRICS.

Author

Goynes, W. R., Bel-Berger, P. D., Blanchard, E. J., Ingber, B. F., Graves, E. E., Dastoor, P., and Von Hoven, T. M.

Subjects
COTTON dyeing, TEXTILES, SCANNING electron microscopy, FIBERS, CARDING, HYDROLYSIS
Abstract

The authors discuss the results of their study on the identification, quantification and reduction of white speck defects on dyed cotton fabrics. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the white speck defects were found clinging to a fabric surface and have structures that look similar to that of fibers from mote seed. The defects increased in dyed fiber from chute feed and bale but were reduced by single carding. The tandem carding process showed extended mass when a yarn that contained the white speck was separated from the fabric. The study also found that vat dyes do not demonstrate cellulase activity on cotton while hydrolysis of the substrate occurs during subsequent color removal.

Published
1996

248. METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND COLORING DURABLE-PRESS CATIONIC COTTON.

Author

Blanchard, E. J., Reinhardt, R. M., and Graves, E. E.

Subjects
POLYESTER fibers, SYNTHETIC fibers, COTTON textiles, COTTON dyeing, CROSSLINKING (Polymerization), QUATERNARY ammonium salts
Abstract

Chemical modification of cotton through the use of specific reactive additives and finishing agents results in cationic fabric that is dyeable with several classes of dyes. These include direct and reactive dyes normally used for dyeing cotton, as well as acid dyes used for dyeing other natural and synthetic fibers. The simplest chemical modification consists of treating cotton with an alkanolamine or hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt additive, a methylolamide or polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent, and a suitable catalyst. The crosslinked cotton has dimensional stability, as well as wrinkle resistant properties, and is dyeable with anionic dyes. The nitrogenous additive reacts with the crosslinking agent during curing at elevated temperatures, resulting in cationic or potential cationic sites in the substrate with affinity for anionic dyes. As a result, alkali is not required for fixation of reactive dyes because of the ionic attraction. Although electrolyte in the dyebath is not required in any of these systems, small amounts are useful for leveling and control of initial dye strike, if desired. Additional modification of the system by inclusion of polyethylene glycol in the finishing treatment usually enhances the dyeing of the cotton with relatively large dye molecules. All of the these processes have application in garment dyeing or in textile printing processes, in which cases the fabrics are dyed after they have been finished and fabricated into the desired configurations. A review of various aspects of the chemical interactions involved in the finishing and dyeing processes is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995

250. Polynomial chaos-based parameter estimation methods applied to a vehicle system.

Author

Blanchard, E. D., Sandu, A., and Sandu, C.

Subjects
PARAMETER estimation, SHEAR (Mechanics), BEAM dynamics, LAGRANGE equations, COLLOCATION methods, ALGORITHMS, KALMAN filtering, AUTOMOBILE dynamics
Abstract

Parameter estimation for large systems is a difficult problem, and the solution approaches are computationally expensive. The polynomial chaos approach has been shown to be more efficient than Monte Carlo for quantifying the effects of uncertainties on the system response. This article compares two new computational approaches for parameter estimation based on the polynomial chaos theory for parameter estimation: a Bayesian approach, and an approach using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to obtain the polynomial chaos representation of the uncertain states and the uncertain parameters. The two methods are applied to a non-linear four-degree-of-freedom roll plane model of a vehicle, in which an uncertain mass with an uncertain position is added on the roll bar. When using appropriate excitations, the results obtained with both approaches are close to the actual values of the parameters, and both approaches can work with noisy measurements. The EKF approach has an advantage over the Bayesian approach: the estimation comes in the form of a posteriori probability densities of the estimated parameters. However, it can yield poor estimations when dealing with non-identifiable systems, and it is recommended to repeat the estimation with different sampling rates in order to verify the coherence of the results with the EKF approach. The Bayesian approach is more robust, can recognize non-identifiability, and use regularization techniques if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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