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201. The Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Samples Returned from Asteroid Ryugu with Implications for the Nature of the Parent Planetesimal

Author

Tang, Haolan, Young, Edward D., Tafla, Lauren, Pack, Andreas, Di Rocco, Tommaso, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Ito, Motoo, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Moynier, Frédéric, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nakai, Izumi, Nguyen, Ann, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Tang, Haolan, Young, Edward D., Tafla, Lauren, Pack, Andreas, Di Rocco, Tommaso, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Ito, Motoo, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Moynier, Frédéric, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nakai, Izumi, Nguyen, Ann, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi

Abstract

We present oxygen isotopic analyses of fragments of the near-Earth Cb-type asteroid Ryugu returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft that reinforce the close correspondence between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Small differences between Ryugu samples and CI chondrites in can be explained at least in part by contamination of the latter by terrestrial water. The discovery that a randomly sampled C-complex asteroid is composed of CI-chondrite-like rock, combined with thermal models for formation prior to significant decay of the short-lived radioisotope 26Al, suggests that if lithified at the time of alteration, the parent body was small (≪50 km radius). If the parent planetesimal was large (>50 km in radius), it was likely composed of high-permeability, poorly lithified sediment rather than consolidated rock., We present oxygen isotopic analyses of fragments of the near-Earth Cb-type asteroid Ryugu returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft that reinforce the close correspondence between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Small differences between Ryugu samples and CI chondrites in can be explained at least in part by contamination of the latter by terrestrial water. The discovery that a randomly sampled C-complex asteroid is composed of CI-chondrite-like rock, combined with thermal models for formation prior to significant decay of the short-lived radioisotope 26Al, suggests that if lithified at the time of alteration, the parent body was small (≪50 km radius). If the parent planetesimal was large (>50 km in radius), it was likely composed of high-permeability, poorly lithified sediment rather than consolidated rock.

Published
2023

202. Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu

Author

Nguyen, Ann N., Mane, Prajkta, Keller, Lindsay P., Piani, Laurette, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Moynier, Frédéric, Nakai, Izumi, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nesvorný, David, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Young, Edward D., Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Nguyen, Ann N., Mane, Prajkta, Keller, Lindsay P., Piani, Laurette, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Moynier, Frédéric, Nakai, Izumi, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nesvorný, David, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Young, Edward D., Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi

Abstract

Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1.2%), and organics with C isotopic anomalies (0.2%) in the primitive clasts compared to bulk Ryugu suggest that the clasts formed in a unique part of the protoplanetary disk enriched in presolar materials. These clasts likely represent previously unsampled outer solar system material that accreted onto Ryugu after aqueous alteration ceased, consistent with Ryugu's rubble pile origin.

Published
2023

203. Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites

Author

Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nakai, Izumi, Young, Edward D., Abe, Yoshinari, Aleon, Jerome, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Namiki, Noriyuki, Noda, Hirotomo, Noguchi, Rina, Ogawa, Naoko, Ogawa, Kazunori, Okada, Tatsuaki, Okamoto, Chisato, Ono, Go, Ozaki, Masanobu, Saiki, Takanao, Bouvier, Audrey, Sakatani, Naoya, Sawada, Hirotaka, Senshu, Hiroki, Shimaki, Yuri, Shirai, Kei, Sugita, Seiji, Takei, Yuto, Takeuchi, Hiroshi, Tanaka, Satoshi, Tatsumi, Eri, Carlson, Richard W., Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Tsukizaki, Ryudo, Wada, Koji, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yamada, Manabu, Yamada, Tetsuya, Yamamoto, Yukio, Yano, Hajime, Yokota, Yasuhiro, Chaussidon, Marc, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Yoshikawa, Kent, Furuya, Shizuho, Hatakeda, Kentaro, Hayashi, Tasuku, Hitomi, Yuya, Kumagai, Kazuya, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Nishimura, Masahiro, Soejima, Hiromichi, Suzuki, Ayako, Yada, Toru, Yamamoto, Daiki, Yogata, Kasumi, Yoshitake, Miwa, Tachibana, Shogo, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Ito, Motoo, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Moynier, Frederic, Nguyen, Ann, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schoenbaechler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Connolly Jr, Harold C., Lauretta, Dante S., Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Arakawa, Masahiko, Fujii, Atsushi, Hayakawa, Masahiko, Hirata, Naoyuki, Hirata, Naru, Honda, Rie, Honda, Chikatoshi, Hosoda, Satoshi, Iijima, Yu-ichi, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Ishiguro, Masateru, Ishihara, Yoshiaki, Iwata, Takahiro, Kawahara, Kosuke, Kikuchi, Shota, Kitazato, Kohei, Matsumoto, Koji, Matsuoka, Moe, Michikami, Tatsuhiro, Mimasu, Yuya, Miura, Akira, Morota, Tomokatsu, Nakazawa, Satoru, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nakai, Izumi, Young, Edward D., Abe, Yoshinari, Aleon, Jerome, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Namiki, Noriyuki, Noda, Hirotomo, Noguchi, Rina, Ogawa, Naoko, Ogawa, Kazunori, Okada, Tatsuaki, Okamoto, Chisato, Ono, Go, Ozaki, Masanobu, Saiki, Takanao, Bouvier, Audrey, Sakatani, Naoya, Sawada, Hirotaka, Senshu, Hiroki, Shimaki, Yuri, Shirai, Kei, Sugita, Seiji, Takei, Yuto, Takeuchi, Hiroshi, Tanaka, Satoshi, Tatsumi, Eri, Carlson, Richard W., Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Tsukizaki, Ryudo, Wada, Koji, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yamada, Manabu, Yamada, Tetsuya, Yamamoto, Yukio, Yano, Hajime, Yokota, Yasuhiro, Chaussidon, Marc, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Yoshikawa, Kent, Furuya, Shizuho, Hatakeda, Kentaro, Hayashi, Tasuku, Hitomi, Yuya, Kumagai, Kazuya, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Nishimura, Masahiro, Soejima, Hiromichi, Suzuki, Ayako, Yada, Toru, Yamamoto, Daiki, Yogata, Kasumi, Yoshitake, Miwa, Tachibana, Shogo, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Ito, Motoo, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Moynier, Frederic, Nguyen, Ann, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schoenbaechler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Connolly Jr, Harold C., Lauretta, Dante S., Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Arakawa, Masahiko, Fujii, Atsushi, Hayakawa, Masahiko, Hirata, Naoyuki, Hirata, Naru, Honda, Rie, Honda, Chikatoshi, Hosoda, Satoshi, Iijima, Yu-ichi, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Ishiguro, Masateru, Ishihara, Yoshiaki, Iwata, Takahiro, Kawahara, Kosuke, Kikuchi, Shota, Kitazato, Kohei, Matsumoto, Koji, Matsuoka, Moe, Michikami, Tatsuhiro, Mimasu, Yuya, Miura, Akira, Morota, Tomokatsu, and Nakazawa, Satoru

Abstract

Carbonaceous meteorites are thought to be fragments of C-type (carbonaceous) asteroids. Samples of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured the mineralogy and bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of Ryugu samples. The samples are mainly composed of materials similar to those of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, particularly the CI (Ivuna-type) group. The samples consist predominantly of minerals formed in aqueous fluid on a parent planetesimal. The primary minerals were altered by fluids at a temperature of 37 degrees +/- 10 degrees C, about 5.2(-0.7)(+0.8) million (statistical) or 5.2(-2.1)(+1.6) million (systematic) years after the formation of the first solids in the Solar System. After aqueous alteration, the Ryugu samples were likely never heated above similar to 100 degrees C. The samples have a chemical composition that more closely resembles that of the Sun's photosphere than other natural samples do.

Published
2023

204. Malnutrition in COVID-19 survivors: prevalence and risk factors

Author

Tosato, Matteo, Calvani, Riccardo, Ciciarello, Francesca, Galluzzo, Vincenzo, Martone, Anna Maria, Zazzara, Maria Beatrice, Pais, Cristina, Savera, Giulia, Camprubi Robles, Maria, Ramirez, Maria, Landi, Francesco, Gremese, Elisa, Bernabei, Roberto, Fantoni, Massimo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Romano Settanni, Carlo, Porcari, Serena, Benvenuto, Francesca, Bramato, Giulia, Brandi, Vincenzo, Carfì, Angelo, Rita Lo Monaco, Maria, Maria Martone, Anna, Marzetti, Emanuele, Napolitano, Carmen, Pagano, Francesco, Rocchi, Sara, Rota, Elisabetta, Salerno, Andrea, Tritto, Marcello, Beatrice Zazzara, Maria, Catalano, Lucio, Picca, Anna, D’Elia, Mariaelena, Biscotti, Damiano, Cauda, Roberto, Murri, Rita, Cingolani, Antonella, Ventura, Giulio, Taddei, Eleonora, Moschese, Davide, Ciccullo, Arturo, Stella, Leonardo, Addolorato, Giovanni, Franceschi, Francesco, Mingrone, Gertrude, Assunta Zocco, Maria, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Cattani Franchi, Paola, Marchetti, Simona, Posteraro, Brunella, Sali, Michela, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Lauria, Alessandra, Rizzo, Stanislao, Savastano, Maria Cristina, Gambini, Gloria, Maria Cozzupoli, Grazia, Culiersi, Carola, Passali, Giulio Cesare, Paludetti, Gaetano, Galli, Jacopo, Crudo, Fabrizio, Di Cintio, Giovanni, Longobardi, Ylenia, Tricarico, Laura, Santantonio, Mariaconsiglia, Di Cesare, Tiziana, Guarino, Mariateresa, Corbò, Marco, Settimi, Stefano, Mele, Dario, Brigato, Francesca, Buonsenso, Danilo, Valentini, Piero, Sinatti, Dario, De Rose, Gabriella, Richeldi, Luca, Lombardi, Francesco, Calabrese, Angelo, Varone, Francesco, Maria Leone, Paolo, Siciliano, Matteo, Corbo, Giuseppe Maria, Montemurro, Giuliano, Calvello, Mariarosaria, Intini, Enrica, Simonetti, Jacopo, Pasciuto, Giuliana, Adiletta, Veronica, Sofia, Carmelo, Angela Licata, Maria, Sani, Gabriele, Janiri, Delfina, Simonetti, Alessio, Modica, Marco, Silvia, Montanari, Catinari, Antonello, Terenzi, Beatrice, Natale, Luigi, Larici, Anna Rita, Marano, Riccardo, Pirronti, Tommaso, Infante, Amato, Paglionico, Annamaria, Petricca, Luca, Tolusso, Barbara, Alivernini, Stefano, Di Mario, Clara, Santoliquido, Angelo, Santoro, Luca, Nesci, Antonio, Di Giorgio, Angela, D’Alessandro, Alessia, Matteo Tosato, Riccardo Calvani (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Francesca Ciciarello, Vincenzo Galluzzo, Anna Maria Martone, Maria Beatrice Zazzara, Giulia Savera, Francesco Landi (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Elisa Gremese (ORCID:0000-0002-2248-1058), Roberto Bernabei (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Massimo Fantoni (ORCID:0000-0001-6913-8460), Emanuele Marzetti (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Roberto Cauda (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Giulio Ventura (ORCID:0000-0002-0304-7264), Giovanni Addolorato (ORCID:0000-0002-1522-9946), Francesco Franceschi (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Maurizio Sanguinetti (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Paola Cattani (ORCID:0000-0003-4678-4763), Brunella Posteraro (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Stanislao Rizzo (ORCID:0000-0001-6302-063X), Maria Cristina Savastano (ORCID:0000-0003-1397-4333), Giulio Cesare Passali (ORCID:0000-0002-8176-0962), Jacopo Galli (ORCID:0000-0001-6353-6249), Piero Valentini (ORCID:0000-0001-6095-9510), Luca Richeldi (ORCID:0000-0001-8594-1448), Giuseppe Maria Corbo (ORCID:0000-0002-8104-4659), Gabriele Sani (ORCID:0000-0002-9767-8752), Luigi Natale (ORCID:0000-0002-7949-5119), Anna Rita Larici (ORCID:0000-0002-1882-6244), Riccardo Marano (ORCID:0000-0003-2710-2093), Stefano Alivernini (ORCID:0000-0002-7383-4212), Angelo Santoliquido (ORCID:0000-0003-1539-4017), Tosato, Matteo, Calvani, Riccardo, Ciciarello, Francesca, Galluzzo, Vincenzo, Martone, Anna Maria, Zazzara, Maria Beatrice, Pais, Cristina, Savera, Giulia, Camprubi Robles, Maria, Ramirez, Maria, Landi, Francesco, Gremese, Elisa, Bernabei, Roberto, Fantoni, Massimo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Romano Settanni, Carlo, Porcari, Serena, Benvenuto, Francesca, Bramato, Giulia, Brandi, Vincenzo, Carfì, Angelo, Rita Lo Monaco, Maria, Maria Martone, Anna, Marzetti, Emanuele, Napolitano, Carmen, Pagano, Francesco, Rocchi, Sara, Rota, Elisabetta, Salerno, Andrea, Tritto, Marcello, Beatrice Zazzara, Maria, Catalano, Lucio, Picca, Anna, D’Elia, Mariaelena, Biscotti, Damiano, Cauda, Roberto, Murri, Rita, Cingolani, Antonella, Ventura, Giulio, Taddei, Eleonora, Moschese, Davide, Ciccullo, Arturo, Stella, Leonardo, Addolorato, Giovanni, Franceschi, Francesco, Mingrone, Gertrude, Assunta Zocco, Maria, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Cattani Franchi, Paola, Marchetti, Simona, Posteraro, Brunella, Sali, Michela, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Lauria, Alessandra, Rizzo, Stanislao, Savastano, Maria Cristina, Gambini, Gloria, Maria Cozzupoli, Grazia, Culiersi, Carola, Passali, Giulio Cesare, Paludetti, Gaetano, Galli, Jacopo, Crudo, Fabrizio, Di Cintio, Giovanni, Longobardi, Ylenia, Tricarico, Laura, Santantonio, Mariaconsiglia, Di Cesare, Tiziana, Guarino, Mariateresa, Corbò, Marco, Settimi, Stefano, Mele, Dario, Brigato, Francesca, Buonsenso, Danilo, Valentini, Piero, Sinatti, Dario, De Rose, Gabriella, Richeldi, Luca, Lombardi, Francesco, Calabrese, Angelo, Varone, Francesco, Maria Leone, Paolo, Siciliano, Matteo, Corbo, Giuseppe Maria, Montemurro, Giuliano, Calvello, Mariarosaria, Intini, Enrica, Simonetti, Jacopo, Pasciuto, Giuliana, Adiletta, Veronica, Sofia, Carmelo, Angela Licata, Maria, Sani, Gabriele, Janiri, Delfina, Simonetti, Alessio, Modica, Marco, Silvia, Montanari, Catinari, Antonello, Terenzi, Beatrice, Natale, Luigi, Larici, Anna Rita, Marano, Riccardo, Pirronti, Tommaso, Infante, Amato, Paglionico, Annamaria, Petricca, Luca, Tolusso, Barbara, Alivernini, Stefano, Di Mario, Clara, Santoliquido, Angelo, Santoro, Luca, Nesci, Antonio, Di Giorgio, Angela, D’Alessandro, Alessia, Matteo Tosato, Riccardo Calvani (ORCID:0000-0001-5472-2365), Francesca Ciciarello, Vincenzo Galluzzo, Anna Maria Martone, Maria Beatrice Zazzara, Giulia Savera, Francesco Landi (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Elisa Gremese (ORCID:0000-0002-2248-1058), Roberto Bernabei (ORCID:0000-0002-9197-004X), Massimo Fantoni (ORCID:0000-0001-6913-8460), Emanuele Marzetti (ORCID:0000-0001-9567-6983), Roberto Cauda (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Giulio Ventura (ORCID:0000-0002-0304-7264), Giovanni Addolorato (ORCID:0000-0002-1522-9946), Francesco Franceschi (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Maurizio Sanguinetti (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Paola Cattani (ORCID:0000-0003-4678-4763), Brunella Posteraro (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Stanislao Rizzo (ORCID:0000-0001-6302-063X), Maria Cristina Savastano (ORCID:0000-0003-1397-4333), Giulio Cesare Passali (ORCID:0000-0002-8176-0962), Jacopo Galli (ORCID:0000-0001-6353-6249), Piero Valentini (ORCID:0000-0001-6095-9510), Luca Richeldi (ORCID:0000-0001-8594-1448), Giuseppe Maria Corbo (ORCID:0000-0002-8104-4659), Gabriele Sani (ORCID:0000-0002-9767-8752), Luigi Natale (ORCID:0000-0002-7949-5119), Anna Rita Larici (ORCID:0000-0002-1882-6244), Riccardo Marano (ORCID:0000-0003-2710-2093), Stefano Alivernini (ORCID:0000-0002-7383-4212), and Angelo Santoliquido (ORCID:0000-0003-1539-4017)

Abstract

Background: Nutritional status is a critical factor throughout COVID-19 disease course. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Aim: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition and identify its associated factors in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Study cohort included 1230 COVID-19 survivors aged 18-86 attending a post-COVID-19 outpatient service. Data on clinical parameters, anthropometry, acute COVID-19 symptoms, lifestyle habits were collected through a comprehensive medical assessment. Malnutrition was assessed according to Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Results: Prevalence of malnutrition was 22% at 4-5 months after acute disease. Participants who were not hospitalized during acute COVID-19 showed a higher frequency of malnutrition compared to those who needed hospitalization (26% versus 19%, p < 0.01). Malnutrition was found in 25% COVID-19 survivors over 65 years of age compared to 21% younger participants (p < 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, the likelihood of being malnourished increased progressively and independently with advancing age (Odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and in male participants (OR 5.56; 95% CI 3.53-8.74). Malnutrition was associated with loss of appetite (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.73-3.62), and dysgeusia (OR 4.05; 95% CI 2.30-7.21) during acute COVID-19. Discussion: In the present investigation we showed that malnutrition was highly prevalent in a large cohort of COVID-19 survivors at 4-5 months from acute illness. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to implement comprehensive nutritional assessment and therapy as an integral part of care for COVID-19 patients.

Published
2023

205. Impact Induced Oxidation and Its Implications for Early Mars Climate

Author

Pan, Lu, Deng, Zhengbin, Bizzarro, Martin, Pan, Lu, Deng, Zhengbin, and Bizzarro, Martin

Abstract

H2 in a CO2 atmosphere may serve as a potential solution to the early Mars climate paradox, but its unknown sources cast doubts on the proposed mechanism. Impact cratering is an energetic process that may modify the surface redox budget. Here, we investigate the potential influence of impact-related melt oxidation and serpentinization on global climate conditions. We show that impact melt and the projectile's significant oxidizing potential during basin-forming impacts (Basin size ≥1,250 km) result in sufficient H2 to raise the global mean temperature to above 273K, which lasts for up to 105 − 106 yr considering rate-limited regime. Impact-induced serpentinization has limited consequences on the global climate in comparison. Episodic warming after large impacts may have enabled the presence of liquid water for up to several million years in the Noachian, resulting in the chemical evolution of the planet's surface co-evolving with the planetary atmosphere in an episodic manner.

Published
2023

206. Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion:II. Differentiation by accretion energy and thermal blanketing

Author

Johansen, Anders, Ronnet, Thomas, Schiller, Martin, Deng, Zhengbin, Bizzarro, Martin, Johansen, Anders, Ronnet, Thomas, Schiller, Martin, Deng, Zhengbin, and Bizzarro, Martin

Abstract

We explore the heating and differentiation of rocky planets that grow by rapid pebble accretion. Our terrestrial planets grow outside of the ice line and initially accrete 28% water ice by mass. The accretion of water stops after the protoplanet reaches a mass of 0.01 ME where the gas envelope becomes hot enough to sublimate the ice and transport the vapour back to the protoplanetary disc by recycling flows. The energy released by the decay of 26Al melts the accreted ice to form clay (phyllosilicates), oxidized iron (FeO), and a water surface layer with ten times the mass of Earth's modern oceans. The ocean- atmosphere system undergoes a run-away greenhouse effect after the effective accretion temperature crosses a threshold of around 300 K. The run-away greenhouse process vaporizes the water layer, thereby trapping the accretion heat and heating the surface to more than 6000 K. This causes the upper part of the mantle to melt and form a global magma ocean. Metal melt separates from silicate melt and sediments towards the bottom of the magma ocean; the gravitational energy released by the sedimentation leads to positive feedback where the beginning differentiation of the planet causes the whole mantle to melt and differentiate. All rocky planets thus naturally experience a magma ocean stage. We demonstrate that Earth's small excess of 182W (the decay product of 182Hf) relative to the chondrites is consistent with such rapid core formation within 5 Myr followed by equilibration of the W reservoir in Earth's mantle with 182W-poor material from the core of a planetary-mass impactor, provided that the equilibration degree is at least 25- 50%, depending on the initial Hf/W ratio. The planetary collision must have occurred at least 35 Myr after the main accretion phase of the terrestrial planets.

Published
2023

207. Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion:III. Partitioning of volatiles between planetary core, mantle, and atmosphere

Author

Johansen, Anders, Ronnet, Thomas, Schiller, Martin, Deng, Zhengbin, Bizzarro, Martin, Johansen, Anders, Ronnet, Thomas, Schiller, Martin, Deng, Zhengbin, and Bizzarro, Martin

Abstract

Volatile molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are key components of planetary atmospheres. In the pebble accretion model for rocky planet formation, these volatile species are accreted during the main planetary formation phase. For this study, we modelled the partitioning of volatiles within a growing planet and the outgassing to the surface. The core stores more than 90% of the hydrogen and carbon budgets of Earth for realistic values of the partition coefficients of H and C between metal and silicate melts. The magma oceans of Earth and Venus are sufficiently deep to undergo oxidation of ferrous Fe2+ to ferric Fe3+. This increased oxidation state leads to the outgassing of primarily CO2 and H2O from the magma ocean of Earth. In contrast, the oxidation state of Mars' mantle remains low and the main outgassed hydrogen carrier is H2. This hydrogen easily escapes the atmosphere due to the irradiation from the young Sun in XUV wavelengths, dragging with it the majority of the CO, CO2, H2O, and N2 contents of the atmosphere. A small amount of surface water is maintained on Mars, in agreement with proposed ancient ocean shorelines, for moderately low values of the mantle oxidation. Nitrogen partitions relatively evenly between the core and the atmosphere due to its extremely low solubility in magma; the burial of large reservoirs of nitrogen in the core is thus not possible. The overall low N contents of Earth disagree with the high abundance of N in all chondrite classes and favours a volatile delivery by pebble snow. Our model of rapid rocky planet formation by pebble accretion displays broad consistency with the volatile contents of the Sun's terrestrial planets. The diversity of the terrestrial planets can therefore be used as benchmark cases to calibrate models of extrasolar rocky planets and their atmospheres.

Published
2023

208. Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion:I. How icy pebbles determine the core fraction and FeO contents

Author

Johansen, Anders, Ronnet, Thomas, Schiller, Martin, Deng, Zhengbin, Bizzarro, Martin, Johansen, Anders, Ronnet, Thomas, Schiller, Martin, Deng, Zhengbin, and Bizzarro, Martin

Abstract

We present a series of papers dedicated to modelling the accretion and differentiation of rocky planets that form by pebble accretion within the lifetime of the protoplanetary disc. In this first paper, we focus on how the accreted ice determines the distribution of iron between the mantle (oxidized FeO and FeO1.5) and the core (metallic Fe and FeS). We find that an initial primitive composition of ice-rich material leads, upon heating by the decay of 26Al, to extensive water flow and the formation of clay minerals inside planetesimals. Metallic iron dissolves in liquid water and precipitates as oxidized magnetite Fe3O4. Further heating by 26Al destabilizes the clay at a temperature of around 900 K. The released supercritical water ejects the entire water content from the planetesimal. Upon reaching the silicate melting temperature of 1700 K, planetesimals further differentiate into a core (made mainly of iron sulfide FeS) and a mantle with a high fraction of oxidized iron. We propose that the asteroid Vesta's significant FeO fraction in the mantle is a testimony of its original ice content. We consider Vesta to be a surviving member of the population of protoplanets from which Mars, Earth, and Venus grew by pebble accretion. We show that the increase in the core mass fraction and decrease in FeO contents with increasing planetary mass (in the sequence Vesta - Mars - Earth) is naturally explained by the growth of terrestrial planets outside of the water ice line through accretion of pebbles containing iron that was dominantly in metallic form with an intrinsically low oxidation degree.

Published
2023

209. Contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s volatile inventory by Cu and Zn isotopic analysis:[Inkl. Correction]

Author

Paquet, Marine, Moynier, Frederic, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Dai, Wei, Hu, Yan, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Ito, Motoo, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Nakai, Izumi, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nesvorný, David, Nguyen, Ann N., Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Young, Edward D., Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Paquet, Marine, Moynier, Frederic, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Dai, Wei, Hu, Yan, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Ito, Motoo, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Kleine, Thorsten, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, McKeegan, Kevin D., Morita, Mayu, Motomura, Kazuko, Nakai, Izumi, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nesvorný, David, Nguyen, Ann N., Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Young, Edward D., Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi

Abstract

Initial analyses showed that asteroid Ryugu’s composition is close to CI (Ivuna-like) carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) – the chemically most primitive meteorites, characterized by near-solar abundances for most elements. However, some isotopic signatures (for example, Ti, Cr) overlap with other CC groups, so the details of the link between Ryugu and the CI chondrites are not yet fully clear. Here we show that Ryugu and CI chondrites have the same zinc and copper isotopic composition. As the various chondrite groups have very distinct Zn and Cu isotopic signatures, our results point at a common genetic heritage between Ryugu and CI chondrites, ruling out any affinity with other CC groups. Since Ryugu’s pristine samples match the solar elemental composition for many elements, their Zn and Cu isotopic compositions likely represent the best estimates of the solar composition. Earth’s mass-independent Zn isotopic composition is intermediate between Ryugu/CC and non-carbonaceous chondrites (NCs), suggesting a contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s budgets of Zn and other moderately volatile elements.

Published
2023

210. AMBITION – comet nucleus cryogenic sample return

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, D., Filacchione, Gianrico, Altwegg, Kathrin, Bianchi, Eleonora, Bizzarro, Martin, Blum, Jürgen, Bonal, Lydie, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, Choukroun, Mathieu, Codella, Claudio, Cottin, Hervé, Davidsson, Björn, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Drozdovskaya, Maria N., Engrand, Cécile, Galand, Marina, Güttler, Carsten, Henri, Pierre, Herique, Alain, Ivanovski, Stavro, Kokotanekova, Rosita, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, Miller, Kelly E., Rotundi, Alessandra, Schönbächler, Maria, Snodgrass, Colin, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Ulamec, Stephan, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Bockelée-Morvan, D., Filacchione, Gianrico, Altwegg, Kathrin, Bianchi, Eleonora, Bizzarro, Martin, Blum, Jürgen, Bonal, Lydie, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, Choukroun, Mathieu, Codella, Claudio, Cottin, Hervé, Davidsson, Björn, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Drozdovskaya, Maria N., Engrand, Cécile, Galand, Marina, Güttler, Carsten, Henri, Pierre, Herique, Alain, Ivanovski, Stavro, Kokotanekova, Rosita, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, Miller, Kelly E., Rotundi, Alessandra, Schönbächler, Maria, Snodgrass, Colin, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Ulamec, Stephan, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

Abstract

We describe the AMBITION project, a mission to return the first-ever cryogenically-stored sample of a cometary nucleus, that has been proposed for the ESA Science Programme Voyage 2050. Comets are the leftover building blocks of giant planet cores and other planetary bodies, and fingerprints of Solar System’s formation processes. We summarise some of the most important questions still open in cometary science and Solar System formation after the successful Rosetta mission. We show that many of these scientific questions require sample analysis using techniques that are only possible in laboratories on Earth. We summarize measurements, instrumentation and mission scenarios that can address these questions. We emphasize the need for returning a sample collected at depth or, still more challenging, at cryogenic temperatures while preserving the stratigraphy of the comet nucleus surface layers. We provide requirements for the next generation of landers, for cryogenic sample acquisition and storage during the return to Earth. Rendezvous missions to the main belt comets and Centaurs, expanding our knowledge by exploring new classes of comets, are also discussed. The AMBITION project is discussed in the international context of comet and asteroid space exploration.

Published
2023

211. Characterization of Cystatin B Interactome in Saliva from Healthy Elderly and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Author

Contini, Cristina, Serrao, Simone, Manconi, Barbara, Olianas, Alessandra, Iavarone, Federica, Guadalupi, Giulia, Messana, Irene, Castagnola, Massimo, Masullo, Carlo, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Turck, Christoph W., Maccarrone, Giuseppina, Cabras, Tiziana, Iavarone, Federica (ORCID:0000-0002-2074-5531), Messana, Irene (ORCID:0000-0002-1436-6105), Castagnola, Massimo (ORCID:0000-0002-0959-7259), Masullo, Carlo (ORCID:0000-0001-7798-3410), Contini, Cristina, Serrao, Simone, Manconi, Barbara, Olianas, Alessandra, Iavarone, Federica, Guadalupi, Giulia, Messana, Irene, Castagnola, Massimo, Masullo, Carlo, Bizzarro, Alessandra, Turck, Christoph W., Maccarrone, Giuseppina, Cabras, Tiziana, Iavarone, Federica (ORCID:0000-0002-2074-5531), Messana, Irene (ORCID:0000-0002-1436-6105), Castagnola, Massimo (ORCID:0000-0002-0959-7259), and Masullo, Carlo (ORCID:0000-0001-7798-3410)

Abstract

Cystatin B is a small, multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of inflammation, innate immune response, and neuronal protection and found highly abundant in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, our study demonstrated a significant association between the level of salivary cystatin B and AD. Since the protein is able to establish protein-protein interaction (PPI) in different contexts and aggregation-prone proteins and the PPI networks are relevant for AD pathogenesis, and due to the relevance of finding new AD markers in peripheral biofluids, we thought it was interesting to study the possible involvement of cystatin B in PPIs in saliva and to evaluate differences and similarities between AD and age-matched elderly healthy controls (HC). For this purpose, we applied a co-immunoprecipitation procedure and a bottom-up proteomics analysis to purify, identify, and quantify cystatin B interactors. Results demonstrated for the first time the existence of a salivary cystatin B-linked multi-protein complex composed by 82 interactors and largely expressed in the body. Interactors are involved in neutrophil activation, antimicrobial activity, modulation of the cytoskeleton and extra-cellular matrix (ECM), and glucose metabolism. Preliminary quantitative data showed significantly lower levels of triosophosphate isomerase 1 and higher levels of mucin 7, BPI, and matrix Gla protein in AD with respect to HC, suggesting implications associated with AD of altered glucose metabolism, antibacterial activities, and calcification-associated processes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD039286 and PXD030679.

Published
2023

212. Maternal supplementation with a synbiotic has distinct outcomes on offspring gut microbiota formation in A/J and C57BL/6 mice, differentially affecting airway inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production

Author

Claudio Fukumori, Mateus B. Casaro, Andrew M. Thomas, Eduardo Mendes, Willian R. Ribeiro, Amanda R. Crisma, Gilson M. Murata, Bruna Bizzarro, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Joao C. Setubal, Maria A. Oliveira, Wothan Tavares-de-Lima, Rui Curi, Silvana Bordin, Patricia Sartorelli, and Caroline M. Ferreira

Subjects
Lung inflammation, Perinatal, Synbiotic, Microbiota, Offspring, Genetic, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Emerging evidence has shown that the maternal diet influences the microbiota. Our objective was to elucidate whether synbiotic consumption during the perinatal period equally modulates offspring gut microbiota in the A/J and C57BL/6 and affects airway inflammatory cell infiltration. We administered the synbiotic to the dam throughout the whole perinatal period. To analyze the influence of gut microbiota changes on offspring health, we induced allergic airway inflammation on offspring. Twenty-four hours after the last ovalbumin challenge, pulmonary inflammation was analyzed. Perinatal synbiotic supplementation reduced eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production only in the C57BL/6 offspring. Synbiotic supplementation during the perinatal period increased the Lactobacillus genera, which could be associated with the immune regulatory effects observed in the C57BL/6 offspring. Interestingly, synbiotic supplementation increased the diversity of gut microbiota in the A/J offspring without improving airway inflammation, indicating that diversity itself was not sufficient to regulate experimental lung inflammation.

Published
2019
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213. Amblyomma sculptum Salivary PGE2 Modulates the Dendritic Cell-Rickettsia rickettsii Interactions in vitro and in vivo

Author

Eliane Esteves, Bruna Bizzarro, Francisco Borges Costa, Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández, Ana Paula Ferranti Peti, Allan Henrique Depieri Cataneo, Pryscilla Fanini Wowk, Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Pedro Ismael Silva Junior, Célio Lopes Silva, Lúcia Helena Faccioli, Andréa Cristina Fogaça, Carlos Arterio Sorgi, and Anderson Sá-Nunes

Subjects
Amblyomma sculptum, tick saliva, PGE2, dendritic cells, Rickettsia rickettsii, immunomodulation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Amblyomma sculptum is an important vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the most lethal tick-borne pathogen affecting humans. To feed on the vertebrate host's blood, A. sculptum secretes a salivary mixture, which may interact with skin resident dendritic cells (DCs) and modulate their function. The present work was aimed at depicting the A. sculptum saliva-host DC network and the biochemical nature of the immunomodulatory component(s) involved in this interface. A. sculptum saliva inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines by murine DCs stimulated with LPS. The fractionation of the low molecular weight salivary content by reversed-phase chromatography revealed active fractions eluting from 49 to 55% of the acetonitrile gradient. Previous studies suggested that this pattern of elution matches with that observed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the molecular identity of this lipid mediator was unambiguously confirmed by a new high-resolution mass spectrometry methodology. A productive infection of murine DCs by R. rickettsii was demonstrated for the first time leading to proinflammatory cytokine production that was inhibited by both A. sculptum saliva and PGE2, a result also achieved with human DCs. The adoptive transfer of murine DCs incubated with R. rickettsii followed by treatment with A. sculptum saliva or PGE2 did not change the cytokine profile associated to cellular recall responses while IgG2a-specific antibodies were decreased in the serum of these mice. Together, these findings emphasize the role of PGE2 as a universal immunomodulator of tick saliva. In addition, it contributes to new approaches to explore R. rickettsii-DC interactions both in vitro and in vivo.

Published
2019
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217. Myelomatous meningitis diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology examination.

Author

Bizzarro, Tommaso, De Marco, Giovanna, Romoli, Michele, Paolucci, Lina, Morigi, Federico, Longoni, Marco, and Bartolini, Daniela

Subjects
*CEREBROSPINAL fluid examination, *MENINGITIS, *PLASMA cell diseases, *DIAGNOSIS, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *CAUDA equina, *CELL morphology
Abstract

This article, published in the journal Cytopathology, discusses the diagnosis of myelomatous meningitis through cerebrospinal fluid cytology examination. Myelomatous meningitis is a rare complication of multiple myeloma, a neoplastic plasma cell disorder. The article presents a case study of a 72-year-old woman with a history of IgA-lambda multiple myeloma who developed symptoms of headache, disequilibrium, and neurological deficits. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, combined with immunocytochemistry, confirmed the presence of myeloma cells in the central nervous system, leading to a diagnosis of myelomatous meningitis. The article emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary approaches in managing this condition. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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218. Tax Litigation In Switzerland: Insights, Pitfalls And Recommendations

Author

Bizzarro, Matthias

Subjects
Tax appeals -- Laws, regulations and rules, Taxpayer compliance -- Laws, regulations and rules, Tax law, Government regulation, Tax law, Business, international
Abstract

Tax litigation in Switzerland has traditionally been quite scarce, since potential problems tended to be discussed beforehand with the tax authorities (tax rulings). As an example, in the Canton of [...]

Published
2023

220. Are We Essential, or Sacrificial? The Effects of Felt Public Gratitude on Essential Worker Recovery Activities During COVID-19

Author

Hee Young Kim, Sijun Kim, Taeya M. Howell, Sarah P. Doyle, Nathan C. Pettit, and Michael Bizzarro

Subjects
Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology
Abstract

COVID-19 has been characterized by unprecedented levels of public gratitude to some, but not all, essential workers. In this research, we integrate insights from the stigmatized occupations and gratitude literature to build theory on the positive and negative relationships between such displays of public gratitude and essential workers’ recovery activities. We argue that felt public gratitude positively relates to adaptive recovery activities (e.g., exercise) and negatively relates to maladaptive recovery activities (e.g., overdrinking). We further explain how felt public gratitude impacts (mal)adaptive recovery activities through (a) felt invisibility and (b) negative/positive affect. We find support for our predictions in a two-wave survey of 186 corrections officers (Study 1) and an experiment with 379 essential workers across a variety of industries (Study 2).

Published
2022

223. Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites

Author

Yokoyama, Tetsuya, primary, Nagashima, Kazuhide, additional, Nakai, Izumi, additional, Young, Edward D., additional, Abe, Yoshinari, additional, Aléon, Jérôme, additional, Alexander, Conel M. O’D., additional, Amari, Sachiko, additional, Amelin, Yuri, additional, Bajo, Ken-ichi, additional, Bizzarro, Martin, additional, Bouvier, Audrey, additional, Carlson, Richard W., additional, Chaussidon, Marc, additional, Choi, Byeon-Gak, additional, Dauphas, Nicolas, additional, Davis, Andrew M., additional, Di Rocco, Tommaso, additional, Fujiya, Wataru, additional, Fukai, Ryota, additional, Gautam, Ikshu, additional, Haba, Makiko K., additional, Hibiya, Yuki, additional, Hidaka, Hiroshi, additional, Homma, Hisashi, additional, Hoppe, Peter, additional, Huss, Gary R., additional, Ichida, Kiyohiro, additional, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, additional, Ireland, Trevor R., additional, Ishikawa, Akira, additional, Ito, Motoo, additional, Itoh, Shoichi, additional, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, additional, Kita, Noriko T., additional, Kitajima, Kouki, additional, Kleine, Thorsten, additional, Komatani, Shintaro, additional, Krot, Alexander N., additional, Liu, Ming-Chang, additional, Masuda, Yuki, additional, McKeegan, Kevin D., additional, Morita, Mayu, additional, Motomura, Kazuko, additional, Moynier, Frédéric, additional, Nguyen, Ann, additional, Nittler, Larry, additional, Onose, Morihiko, additional, Pack, Andreas, additional, Park, Changkun, additional, Piani, Laurette, additional, Qin, Liping, additional, Russell, Sara S., additional, Sakamoto, Naoya, additional, Schönbächler, Maria, additional, Tafla, Lauren, additional, Tang, Haolan, additional, Terada, Kentaro, additional, Terada, Yasuko, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Wada, Sohei, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Walker, Richard J., additional, Yamashita, Katsuyuki, additional, Yin, Qing-Zhu, additional, Yoneda, Shigekazu, additional, Yui, Hiroharu, additional, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, additional, Connolly, Harold C., additional, Lauretta, Dante S., additional, Nakamura, Tomoki, additional, Naraoka, Hiroshi, additional, Noguchi, Takaaki, additional, Okazaki, Ryuji, additional, Sakamoto, Kanako, additional, Yabuta, Hikaru, additional, Abe, Masanao, additional, Arakawa, Masahiko, additional, Fujii, Atsushi, additional, Hayakawa, Masahiko, additional, Hirata, Naoyuki, additional, Hirata, Naru, additional, Honda, Rie, additional, Honda, Chikatoshi, additional, Hosoda, Satoshi, additional, Iijima, Yu-ichi, additional, Ikeda, Hitoshi, additional, Ishiguro, Masateru, additional, Ishihara, Yoshiaki, additional, Iwata, Takahiro, additional, Kawahara, Kosuke, additional, Kikuchi, Shota, additional, Kitazato, Kohei, additional, Matsumoto, Koji, additional, Matsuoka, Moe, additional, Michikami, Tatsuhiro, additional, Mimasu, Yuya, additional, Miura, Akira, additional, Morota, Tomokatsu, additional, Nakazawa, Satoru, additional, Namiki, Noriyuki, additional, Noda, Hirotomo, additional, Noguchi, Rina, additional, Ogawa, Naoko, additional, Ogawa, Kazunori, additional, Okada, Tatsuaki, additional, Okamoto, Chisato, additional, Ono, Go, additional, Ozaki, Masanobu, additional, Saiki, Takanao, additional, Sakatani, Naoya, additional, Sawada, Hirotaka, additional, Senshu, Hiroki, additional, Shimaki, Yuri, additional, Shirai, Kei, additional, Sugita, Seiji, additional, Takei, Yuto, additional, Takeuchi, Hiroshi, additional, Tanaka, Satoshi, additional, Tatsumi, Eri, additional, Terui, Fuyuto, additional, Tsuda, Yuichi, additional, Tsukizaki, Ryudo, additional, Wada, Koji, additional, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, additional, Yamada, Manabu, additional, Yamada, Tetsuya, additional, Yamamoto, Yukio, additional, Yano, Hajime, additional, Yokota, Yasuhiro, additional, Yoshihara, Keisuke, additional, Yoshikawa, Makoto, additional, Yoshikawa, Kent, additional, Furuya, Shizuho, additional, Hatakeda, Kentaro, additional, Hayashi, Tasuku, additional, Hitomi, Yuya, additional, Kumagai, Kazuya, additional, Miyazaki, Akiko, additional, Nakato, Aiko, additional, Nishimura, Masahiro, additional, Soejima, Hiromichi, additional, Suzuki, Ayako, additional, Yada, Toru, additional, Yamamoto, Daiki, additional, Yogata, Kasumi, additional, Yoshitake, Miwa, additional, Tachibana, Shogo, additional, and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, additional

Published
2023
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224. Vulnerability to climate change of managed stocks in the California Current large marine ecosystem

Author

McClure, Michelle M., primary, Haltuch, Melissa A., additional, Willis-Norton, Ellen, additional, Huff, David D., additional, Hazen, Elliott L., additional, Crozier, Lisa G., additional, Jacox, Michael G., additional, Nelson, Mark W., additional, Andrews, Kelly S., additional, Barnett, Lewis A.K., additional, Berger, Aaron M., additional, Beyer, Sabrina, additional, Bizzarro, Joe, additional, Boughton, David, additional, Cope, Jason M., additional, Carr, Mark, additional, Dewar, Heidi, additional, Dick, Edward, additional, Dorval, Emmanis, additional, Dunham, Jason, additional, Gertseva, Vladlena, additional, Greene, Correigh M., additional, Gustafson, Richard G., additional, Hamel, Owen S., additional, Harvey, Chris J., additional, Henderson, Mark J., additional, Jordan, Chris E., additional, Kaplan, Isaac C., additional, Lindley, Steven T., additional, Mantua, Nathan J., additional, Matson, Sean E., additional, Monk, Melissa H., additional, Moyle, Peter, additional, Nicol, Colin, additional, Pohl, John, additional, Rykaczewski, Ryan R., additional, Samhouri, Jameal F., additional, Sogard, Susan, additional, Tolimieri, Nick, additional, Wallace, John, additional, Wetzel, Chantel, additional, and Bograd, Steven J., additional

Published
2023
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225. Reducing MRSA Infection in a New NICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Barrett, Renee E., primary, Fleiss, Noa, additional, Hansen, Caitlin, additional, Campbell, Melissa M., additional, Rychalsky, Michelle, additional, Murdzek, Christina, additional, Krechevsky, Kathy, additional, Abbott, Meaghan, additional, Allegra, Terese, additional, Blazevich, Beth, additional, Dunphy, Louise, additional, Fox, Amy, additional, Gambardella, Tracy, additional, Garcia, Lindsey, additional, Grimm, Natalie, additional, Scoffone, Amy, additional, Bizzarro, Matthew J., additional, and Murray, Thomas S., additional

Published
2023
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232. Ammonium is a significant reservoir of nitrogen in the Orgueil meteorite

Author

Laize-Générat, Lucie, primary, Soussaintjean, Lison, additional, Poch, Olivier, additional, Savarino, Joël, additional, Caillon, Nicolas, additional, Ginot, Patrick, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Flandinet, Laurène, additional, Gounelle, Matthieu, additional, Bizzarro, Martin, additional, and Bonal, Lydie, additional

Published
2023
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241. An updated end-to-end ecosystem model of the Northern California Current reflecting ecosystem changes due to recent marine heat waves

Author

Gomes, Dylan G.E., primary, Ruzicka, James J., additional, Crozier, Lisa G., additional, Huff, David D., additional, Phillips, Elizabeth M., additional, Hernvann, Pierre-Yves, additional, Morgan, Cheryl A., additional, Brodeur, Richard D., additional, Zamon, Jen E., additional, Daly, Elizabeth A., additional, Bizzarro, Joseph. J., additional, Fisher, Jennifer L., additional, and Auth, Toby D., additional

Published
2022
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242. Determination of the zirconium isotopic composition of the new isotopic standard NRC ZIRC-1 using MC-ICP-MS

Author

Shengyu Tian, Frederic Moynier, Edward C. Inglis, Ninna K. Jensen, Zhengbin Deng, Martin Schiller, and Martin Bizzarro

Subjects
Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

First cross-calibration of all existing Zr isotopic standards and two certified reference materials to a new commercially available standard NRC ZIRC-1, and the first report of the Zr isotopic composition of Allende chondrite.

Published
2022

243. D-bifunctional protein deficiency caused by splicing variants in a neonate with severe peroxisomal dysfunction and persistent hypoglycemia

Author

Kelly M. Werner, Matthew J. Bizzarro, Allen E. Bale, Hui Zhang, Kaya Bilguvar, Patrick G. Gallagher, James R. Knight, Irina Tikhonova, Jeffrey R. Gruen, Sacha Ferdinandusse, Rima Fawaz, Emily Qian, Yonghui Jiang, Preti Jain, Allison J Cox, Christopher Castaldi, Weizhen Ji, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism

Subjects
D-bifunctional protein deficiency, business.industry, Rickets, Hypoglycemia, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Article, Hypotonia, Frameshift mutation, peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, Exon, Neonatal hypotonia, Zellweger spectrum disorders, Polypyrimidine tract, rapid whole genome sequencing, Genetics, medicine, very-long-chain fatty acids, medicine.symptom, business, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

D-bifunctional protein (DBP) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive peroxisomal enzyme deficiency resulting in a high burden of morbidity and early mortality. Patients with DBP deficiency resemble those with a severe Zellweger phenotype, with neonatal hypotonia, seizures, craniofacial dysmorphisms, psychomotor delay, deafness, blindness, and death typically within the first 2 years of life, although patients with residual enzyme function can survive longer. The clinical severity of the disease depends on the degree of enzyme deficiency. Loss-of-function variants typically result in no residual enzyme activity; however, splice variants may result in protein with residual function. We describe a full-term newborn presenting with hypotonia, seizures, and unexplained hypoglycemia, who was later found to have rickets at follow up. Rapid whole genome sequencing identified two HSD17B4 variants in trans; one likely pathogenic variant and one variant of uncertain significance (VUS) located in the polypyrimidine tract of intron 13. To determine the functional consequence of the VUS, we analyzed RNA from the patient’s father with RNA-seq which showed skipping of Exon 14, resulting in a frameshift mutation three amino acids from the new reading frame. This RNA-seq analysis was correlated with virtually absent enzyme activity, elevated very-long-chain fatty acids in fibroblasts, and a clinically severe phenotype. Both variants are reclassified as pathogenic. Due to the clinical spectrum of DBP deficiency, this provides important prognostic information, including early mortality. Furthermore, we add persistent hypoglycemia to the clinical spectrum of the disease, and advocate for the early management of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies to reduce complications.

Published
2022

245. Free public transit and voter turnout

Author

Pereira, Rafael H. M., primary, Vieira, Renato. S., additional, Bizzarro, Fernando, additional, Barbosa, Rogério J., additional, Dahis, Ricardo, additional, and Ferreira, Daniel Travassos, additional

Published
2022
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246. Contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s volatile inventory by Cu and Zn isotopic analysis

Author

Paquet, Marine, primary, Moynier, Frederic, additional, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, additional, Dai, Wei, additional, Hu, Yan, additional, Abe, Yoshinari, additional, Aléon, Jérôme, additional, O’D. Alexander, Conel M., additional, Amari, Sachiko, additional, Amelin, Yuri, additional, Bajo, Ken-ichi, additional, Bizzarro, Martin, additional, Bouvier, Audrey, additional, Carlson, Richard W., additional, Chaussidon, Marc, additional, Choi, Byeon-Gak, additional, Dauphas, Nicolas, additional, Davis, Andrew M., additional, Di Rocco, Tommaso, additional, Fujiya, Wataru, additional, Fukai, Ryota, additional, Gautam, Ikshu, additional, Haba, Makiko K., additional, Hibiya, Yuki, additional, Hidaka, Hiroshi, additional, Homma, Hisashi, additional, Hoppe, Peter, additional, Huss, Gary R., additional, Ichida, Kiyohiro, additional, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, additional, Ireland, Trevor R., additional, Ishikawa, Akira, additional, Ito, Motoo, additional, Itoh, Shoichi, additional, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, additional, Kita, Noriko T., additional, Kitajima, Kouki, additional, Kleine, Thorsten, additional, Komatani, Shintaro, additional, Krot, Alexander N., additional, Liu, Ming-Chang, additional, Masuda, Yuki, additional, McKeegan, Kevin D., additional, Morita, Mayu, additional, Motomura, Kazuko, additional, Nakai, Izumi, additional, Nagashima, Kazuhide, additional, Nesvorný, David, additional, Nguyen, Ann N., additional, Nittler, Larry, additional, Onose, Morihiko, additional, Pack, Andreas, additional, Park, Changkun, additional, Piani, Laurette, additional, Qin, Liping, additional, Russell, Sara S., additional, Sakamoto, Naoya, additional, Schönbächler, Maria, additional, Tafla, Lauren, additional, Tang, Haolan, additional, Terada, Kentaro, additional, Terada, Yasuko, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Wada, Sohei, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Walker, Richard J., additional, Yamashita, Katsuyuki, additional, Yin, Qing-Zhu, additional, Yoneda, Shigekazu, additional, Young, Edward D., additional, Yui, Hiroharu, additional, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, additional, Nakamura, Tomoki, additional, Naraoka, Hiroshi, additional, Noguchi, Takaaki, additional, Okazaki, Ryuji, additional, Sakamoto, Kanako, additional, Yabuta, Hikaru, additional, Abe, Masanao, additional, Miyazaki, Akiko, additional, Nakato, Aiko, additional, Nishimura, Masahiro, additional, Okada, Tatsuaki, additional, Yada, Toru, additional, Yogata, Kasumi, additional, Nakazawa, Satoru, additional, Saiki, Takanao, additional, Tanaka, Satoshi, additional, Terui, Fuyuto, additional, Tsuda, Yuichi, additional, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, additional, Yoshikawa, Makoto, additional, Tachibana, Shogo, additional, and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, additional

Published
2022
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247. The politics of domesticating the Eternal: the roadside shrines of Sicily

Author

Waldeier Bizzarro, Tina

Subjects
Roadside shrines, ritual, Sicily, feste, Christian tradition
Abstract

This contribution proposes a new interpretation of roadside shrines located in city streets, refusing to place them in the category of the Enlightenment philosopher David Hume, who had politicised devotion, distinguishing that exercised by the bourgeoisie from that of the vulgar. The study focuses on roadside shrines set up along certain alleys in Sicily. The reflection undertaken is indispensable for tracing the origin of those ritual behaviours, which are not only individual but also communitarian, with a shift in the paradigm of the social drama of ritual from structure to processes, emphasising how simple rustic altars are windows onto an inner world that opens up in society, going far beyond institutions and politics., Iconocrazia, V. 2, N. 22 (2022): Iconocrazia: 10 anni della rivista

Published
2023
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248. Reducing MRSA Infection in a New NICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Renee E. Barrett, Noa Fleiss, Caitlin Hansen, Melissa M. Campbell, Michelle Rychalsky, Christina Murdzek, Kathy Krechevsky, Meaghan Abbott, Terese Allegra, Beth Blazevich, Louise Dunphy, Amy Fox, Tracy Gambardella, Lindsey Garcia, Natalie Grimm, Amy Scoffone, Matthew J. Bizzarro, and Thomas S. Murray

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is prevalent in most NICUs, with a high rate of skin colonization and subsequent invasive infections among hospitalized neonates. The effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce MRSA infection in the NICU during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been characterized. METHODS Using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement, we implemented several process-based infection prevention strategies to reduce invasive MRSA infections at our level IV NICU over 24 months. The outcome measure of invasive MRSA infections was tracked monthly utilizing control charts. Process measures focused on environmental disinfection and hospital personnel hygiene were also tracked monthly. The COVID-19 pandemic was an unexpected variable during the implementation of our project. The pandemic led to restricted visitation and heightened staff awareness of the importance of hand hygiene and proper use of personal protective equipment, as well as supply chain shortages, which may have influenced our outcome measure. RESULTS Invasive MRSA infections were reduced from 0.131 to 0 per 1000 patient days during the initiative. This positive shift was sustained for 30 months, along with a delayed decrease in MRSA colonization rates. Several policy and practice changes regarding personnel hygiene and environmental cleaning likely contributed to this reduction. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative aimed at infection prevention strategies led to a significant decrease in invasive MRSA infections in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2023

249. Anatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion:II. Differentiation by accretion energy and thermal blanketing

Author

Anders Johansen, Thomas Ronnet, Martin Schiller, Zhengbin Deng, and Martin Bizzarro

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, composition [Planets and satellites], terrestrial planets [Planets and satellites], FOS: Physical sciences, atmospheres [Planets and satellites], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Earth, Meteorites, meteors, meteoroids, formation [Planets and satellites], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We explore the heating and differentiation of rocky planets that grow by rapid pebble accretion. Our terrestrial planets grow outside of the ice line and initially accrete 28\% water ice by mass. The accretion of water stops after the protoplanet reaches a mass of $0.01\,M_{\rm E}$ where the gas envelope becomes hot enough to sublimate the ice and transport the vapour back to the protoplanetary disc by recycling flows. The energy released by the decay of $^{26}$Al melts the accreted ice to form clay (phyllosilicates), oxidized iron (FeO), and a water surface layer with ten times the mass of Earth's modern oceans. The ocean--atmosphere system undergoes a run-away greenhouse effect after the effective accretion temperature crosses a threshold of around 300 K. The run-away greenhouse process vaporizes the water layer, thereby trapping the accretion heat and heating the surface to more than 6,000 K. This causes the upper part of the mantle to melt and form a global magma ocean. Metal melt separates from silicate melt and sediments towards the bottom of the magma ocean; the gravitational energy released by the sedimentation leads to positive feedback where the beginning differentiation of the planet causes the whole mantle to melt and differentiate. All rocky planets thus naturally experience a magma ocean stage. We demonstrate that Earth's small excess of $^{182}$W (the decay product of $^{182}$Hf) relative to the chondrites is consistent with such rapid core formation within 5 Myr followed by equilibration of the W reservoir in Earth's mantle with $^{182}$W-poor material from the core of a planetary-mass impactor, provided that the equilibration degree is at least 25%-50%, depending on the initial Hf/W ratio. The planetary collision must have occurred at least 35 Myr after the main accretion phase of the terrestrial planets., Version accepted for Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2023

250. High precision nickel isotope measurements of early Solar System materials and the origin of nucleosynthetic disk variability

Author

Georgy V. Makhatadze, Martin Schiller, and Martin Bizzarro

Subjects
Geochemistry and Petrology
Abstract

Various chemical elements including nickel (Ni) exhibit mass-independent isotope heterogeneity on a bulk meteorite level, which is generally accepted to reflect the heterogeneous distribution of presolar carrier(s) from different nucleosynthetic sources. Thus, understanding the nature of the carriers can help decipher the origin of the observed nucleosynthetic variability, which remains elusive. In this study, we present the first high precision measurements of mass-independent and mass-dependent Ni isotope compositions for step-leaches of the CI chondrite Ivuna and Efremovka CAIs supplemented by bulk chondrite measurements. Step-leaches record highly anomalous Ni isotope signatures that can be attributed to at least four diverse nucleosynthetic sources. The most anomalous leachates show either large deficits (up to 0.1 %) in the neutron-poor 58Ni and 60Ni nuclides (L11, thought to contain mainly s-process derived Ni) or minor enrichments and deficits (∼100 ppm) in 60Ni or 64Ni (L6, L8, L9 and L10, all thought to derive mainly from supernovae). Pristine CAIs record Ni isotope compositions typified by enrichments in 58Ni of up to 400 ppm. Our new data for bulk chondrites agree with earlier work and emphasize the appropriateness of using the 62Ni/61Ni ratio for internal normalization. Based on the compositional relations between the step-leaches data, CAIs, and bulk meteorites, we show that 60Ni variability is consistent with being of nucleosynthetic origin as opposed to reflecting variable Fe/Ni ratios in the presence of live 60Fe. Finally, we infer that the observed Ni nucleosynthetic disk variability is predominantly driven by a combination of processes separating different nucleosynthetic carriers in the disk from each other, including thermal processing and size-based sorting.

Published
2023
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