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The field of color image retrieval has been an important research area for several decades. For the purpose of effectively retrieving more similar images from the digital image databases, this paper uses the color distributions, the mean value and the standard deviation, to represent the global characteristics of the image. Moreover, the image bitmap is used to represent the local characteristics of the image for increasing the accuracy of the retrieval system. As the experimental results indicated, the proposed technique indeed outperforms other schemes in terms of retrieval accuracy and category retrieval ability. Furthermore, the total memory space for saving the image features of the proposed method is less than Chan and Liu's method. Keywords: Image bitmap; Color distribution; Content-based image retrieval; Standard deviation

In this paper, an end-to-end rate-distortion (R-D) estimation recursive model is proposed, on the basis of the statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal prediction as well as a general error concealment method by the video decoder. It takes the source quantization error, channel error, and the subsequent error spatial-temporal propagation into account. Then a corresponding integrated error resilience scheme, which adopts a global optimal intra-macroblock (MB) refreshment ratio and visual acuity selection procedure, is introduced, Moreover. it employs a combined source-channel bit allocation strategy, which could estimate an instantaneous available source transmission rate under a given time-varying network condition. The network experiments show that this scheme is effective and applicable for a better and more consistent picture quality in the receiver end. Index Terms--Error resilience, bit allocation, rate-distortion, variable bit-rate, end-to-end distortion.

In this paper, we present a frame-based characteristics extraction tool, which can retrieve meaningful information from MPEG-compressed bitstreams. Taking advantage of the extracted information, we present a general architecture for MPEG video transcoding, which can transcode a given MPEG video bitstream into various MPEG video bitstreams with different characteristics. We also implement an MPEG-2-to-MPEG-4 video transcoder, which not only can change the bitstreams' syntax and bitrate but also can encode each semantic video segment as a group of pictures (GOPs), by using the techniques of frame type conversion and video shot boundary detection. Moreover, the proposed transcoder can intelligently select motion mode for each macroblock of B-Vops in an MPEG-4 video to avoid some unpredictable artifacts due to mis-selection of motion mode. This representative application demonstrates the potential usage of such frame-based characteristics.

An unequal channel protection technique for JPEG2000 encoded images is proposed. The proposed technique takes advantage of the hierarchical organization of the JPEG2000 bit-stream and protects only the most important part of the compressed bit-stream, by means of a rate compatible punctured convolutional code. Both single-quality-layer and multiple-quality-layer compressions are considered. The performance of this technique is evaluated under various noisy channel conditions. Simulation results show that the probability of correct decoding the received information and the quality of the reconstructed image are improved by the proposed technique.

The article discusses the importance of colour management in achieving success in the printed image business, focusing on best practices that are needed to be developed. Topics include raster image processor (RIP) performance, cyan, magenta, yellow and key/black (CMYK) ink colour, and colour saturation. It says that a printing shop should produce stable, predictable and respectable full-colour output by following best practices that can also help save time, money and materials.

REVIEWS $49/year From Canvas GFX, canvasgfx.com Needs macOS 10.14 or later The Mac has always been a popular tool for graphics and design work, with programs such as Adobe Illustrator leading the way ever since the desktop publishing revolution of the 1980s. It's powerful and versatile, combining tools for both vector and bitmap graphics, but the sheer variety of all those tools means that you'll need to ease yourself into the app gradually. But for users familiar with vector graphics software such as Adobe Illustrator or Affinity Designer, Canvas X Draw will be familiar territory, providing precise and versatile drawing tools well-suited to technical illustration work. [Extracted from the article]

8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit color what's the difference? Let's look at how bit depth helps determine the quality of your image, specifically when it comes to color reproduction. ********** A video [...]

Depending on which window manager you use, when you minimize or iconify a window, usually you'll see an iconic representation--a small bitmap image--in place of the application's main window. Although […]

The article offers suggestions for creating a custom halftone pattern using Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop or CorelDRAW. Topics discussed include creating by converting grayscale image into black-and white (bitmap) mode or using a square or stochastic dot, gray values becoming darker or lighter depending on the values in the source image and application of patterns to images by adjusting the grayscale and converting into halftones.

Modern user interfaces employ many colored bitmaps. They appear in just about every program available these days. The main problem with colored bitmaps in the X environment is that while […]

Bitmaps have become a staple of Windows programming. Even though they often serve no purpose but to spice up an application with pretty pictures, bitmaps are now as common as […]

Introduction Manipulation of bitmap images is important when performing tasks such as computer art and animation. Many point programs allow images to be scaled, sheared, and rotated. When I wanted […]

Windows[TM] endowed its built-in dialog box pushbuttons with a nice 3-D look -- they appear to press in when you click on them with the left mouse button or with […]

When an X-Window application (or client) begins executing, it specifies one or more fonts that will be used by the application. It is the responsibility of the X server to […]

Microsoft Windows 3.0 provides a rich set of objects and primitives for dialog boxes. The basic, predefined control classes are flexible and well developed, allowing a great deal of freedom […]

In the good old days of Mac graphics (say, 1984), life was simple. There were two programs--one for drawing (MacDraw) and one for painting (MacPaint). Each was black-and-white only, and […]

Even with a graphical windowing interface, the vast majority of output still involves text, and today's computing expects applications to do more with text besides simply displaying it on a […]

Character building It's hard to believe that differing opinions about making marks on paper could have much effect on the PC business. But the seemingly trivial issue of font technology […]