563 results on '"Biology of Reproductive Cells"'
Search Results
202. Identification and Characterization of Adult Porcine Muscle Stem Cells
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Haagsman, Henk, Roelen, Bernard, Wilschut, K.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Haagsman, Henk, Roelen, Bernard, and Wilschut, K.J. more...
- Published
- 2009
203. Targeted metabolomics iIdentifies glucuronides of dietary phytoestrogens as a major class of MRP3 substrates in vivo.
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, van de Wetering, K., Feddema, W., Helms, J.B., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., Borst, P., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, van de Wetering, K., Feddema, W., Helms, J.B., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., and Borst, P. more...
- Published
- 2009
204. Induction of the ovulatory LH surge in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): a novel aid in captive breeding management of an endangered species.
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Thitaram, C., Pongsopawijit, P., Chansitthiwet, S., Brown, J.L., Nimtragul, K., Boonprasert, K., Homkong, P., Mahasawangkul, S., Rojanasthien, S., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G.C., van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Thitaram, C., Pongsopawijit, P., Chansitthiwet, S., Brown, J.L., Nimtragul, K., Boonprasert, K., Homkong, P., Mahasawangkul, S., Rojanasthien, S., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G.C., and van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M. more...
- Published
- 2009
205. Sphingomyelin synthase SMS2 displays dual activity as ceramide phosphoethalomine synthase.
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Scheikunde, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Ternes, P.G., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., van den Dikkenberg, J., Holthuis, J.C.M., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Scheikunde, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Ternes, P.G., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., van den Dikkenberg, J., and Holthuis, J.C.M. more...
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- 2009
206. Membrane recruitment and trafficking of MBK-2 regulates oocyte-to-embryo transition in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Stoorvogel, Willem, Korswagen, Hendrik, van Ginkel, J.W., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Stoorvogel, Willem, Korswagen, Hendrik, and van Ginkel, J.W. more...
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- 2009
207. Elephant reproduction: improvement of breeding efficiency and development of a breeding strategy
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., van der Weyden, Gijsbert, van Eerdenburg, Frank, Lenstra, Hans, Thitaram, C., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., van der Weyden, Gijsbert, van Eerdenburg, Frank, Lenstra, Hans, and Thitaram, C. more...
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- 2009
208. Intra-follicular interactions affecting mammalian oocyte maturation
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., Roelen, Bernard, van Tol, H.T.A., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., Roelen, Bernard, and van Tol, H.T.A. more...
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- 2009
209. Molecular and structural aspects of oocyte maturation
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Stoorvogel, Willem, Colenbrander, B., van Haeften, Theo, Roelen, Bernard, Hölzenspies, J.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Stoorvogel, Willem, Colenbrander, B., van Haeften, Theo, Roelen, Bernard, and Hölzenspies, J.J. more...
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- 2009
210. Use of genital inspection and female urine tests to detect oestrus in captive asian elephants.
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Thitaram, C., Chansitthiwet, S., Pongsopawijit, P., Brown, J.L., Wongkalasin, W., Daram, P., Roongsri, R., Kalmapijit, A., Mahasawangkul, S., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G.C., van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Thitaram, C., Chansitthiwet, S., Pongsopawijit, P., Brown, J.L., Wongkalasin, W., Daram, P., Roongsri, R., Kalmapijit, A., Mahasawangkul, S., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G.C., and van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M. more...
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- 2009
211. Archiving biomedical mouse models by ovary cryopreservation
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., Fentener van Vlissingen, J.M, Huang, K.Y., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., Fentener van Vlissingen, J.M, and Huang, K.Y. more...
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- 2009
212. Germ cells and the origins of mammalian pluripotent cells
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., Haagsman, Henk, Rothuizen, Jan, Roelen, Bernard, Kuijk, E.W., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Colenbrander, B., Haagsman, Henk, Rothuizen, Jan, Roelen, Bernard, and Kuijk, E.W. more...
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- 2009
213. Seasonal effects on the endocrine pattern of semi-captive female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): Timing of the anovulatory luteinizing hormone surge determines the length of estrous cycle
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Thitaram, C., Brown, J.L., Pongsopawijit, P., Chansitthiwet, S., Wongkalasin, W., Daram, P., Roongsri, R., Kalmapijit, A., Mahaasawangkul, S., Rojansthien, S., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G.C., van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Thitaram, C., Brown, J.L., Pongsopawijit, P., Chansitthiwet, S., Wongkalasin, W., Daram, P., Roongsri, R., Kalmapijit, A., Mahaasawangkul, S., Rojansthien, S., Colenbrander, B., van der Weijden, G.C., and van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M. more...
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- 2008
214. Of stem cells and gametes: similarities and differences
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Roelen, B.A.J., Lopes, S.M., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Roelen, B.A.J., and Lopes, S.M. more...
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- 2008
215. The roles of the epididymis and prostasomes in the attainment of fertilizing capacity by stallion sperm
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Sostaric, E., Aalberts, M., Gadella, B.M., Stout, T.A.E., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Sostaric, E., Aalberts, M., Gadella, B.M., and Stout, T.A.E. more...
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- 2008
216. Veterinary advice for entrepreneurial Dutch dairy farmers: from curative practice to coach-consultant: what needs to be changed?
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Noordhuizen, J.P.T., van Egmond, M.J., Jorritsma, R., Hogeveen, H., van Werven, T., Vos, P.L.A.M., Lievaart, J.J., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Noordhuizen, J.P.T., van Egmond, M.J., Jorritsma, R., Hogeveen, H., van Werven, T., Vos, P.L.A.M., and Lievaart, J.J. more...
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- 2008
217. Sperm membrane physiology and relevance for fertilization
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Gadella, B.M., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, and Gadella, B.M. more...
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- 2008
218. The CDP-ethanolamine pathway and phosphatidylserine decarboxylation generate different phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Biomoleculaire Massaspectrometrie, Massaspectrometrie, Strategic Infection Biology, Tissue Repair, Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Bleijerveld, O.B., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., Vaandrager, A.B., Helms, J.B., Houweling, M., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Biomoleculaire Massaspectrometrie, Massaspectrometrie, Strategic Infection Biology, Tissue Repair, Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Bleijerveld, O.B., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., Vaandrager, A.B., Helms, J.B., and Houweling, M. more...
- Published
- 2007
219. Adenohypophyseal function in bitches treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Beijerink, N.J., Bhatti, S.F., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Dieleman, S.J., Mol, J.A., Duchateau, L., van Ham, L.M., Kooistra, H.S., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Beijerink, N.J., Bhatti, S.F., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Dieleman, S.J., Mol, J.A., Duchateau, L., van Ham, L.M., and Kooistra, H.S. more...
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- 2007
220. Basal and GnRH-induced secretion of FSH and LH in anestrous versus ovariectomized bitches
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Beijerink, N.J., Buijtels, J.J.C.W.M., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Kooistra, H.S., Dieleman, S.J., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Beijerink, N.J., Buijtels, J.J.C.W.M., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Kooistra, H.S., and Dieleman, S.J. more...
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- 2007
221. Multiple proteins present in purified porcine sperm apical plasma membranes interact with the zona pellucida of the oocyte
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Algemeen Onderzoek DGK, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Biomoleculaire Massaspectrometrie, Massaspectrometrie, Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, van Gestel, R.A., Brewis, I.A., Ashton, P.R., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., Gadella, B.M., Algemeen Onderzoek DGK, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Biomoleculaire Massaspectrometrie, Massaspectrometrie, Dep Farmaceutische wetenschappen, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, van Gestel, R.A., Brewis, I.A., Ashton, P.R., Brouwers, J.F.H.M., and Gadella, B.M. more...
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- 2007
222. Effects of short-and long-term recombinant equine growth hormone and short-term hydrocortisone administration on tissue sensitivity to insulin in horses
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Paard, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, de Graaf-Roelfsema, E., Tharasanit, T., van Dam, K.G., Keizer, H.A., van Breda, E., Wijnberg, I.D., Stout, T.A.E., van der Kolk, J.H., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Paard, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, de Graaf-Roelfsema, E., Tharasanit, T., van Dam, K.G., Keizer, H.A., van Breda, E., Wijnberg, I.D., Stout, T.A.E., and van der Kolk, J.H. more...
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- 2006
223. Ovariectomy during the luteal phase influences secretion of prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I in the bitch.
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Lee, M.H., Kooistra, H.S., Mol, J.A., Dieleman, S.J., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Lee, M.H., Kooistra, H.S., Mol, J.A., Dieleman, S.J., and Schaefers-Okkens, A.C. more...
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- 2006
224. Differential regulation of the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone around the time of ovulation in the bitch.
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, de Gier, J., Kooistra, H.S., Djajadiningrat-Laanen, S.C., Dieleman, S.J., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, de Gier, J., Kooistra, H.S., Djajadiningrat-Laanen, S.C., Dieleman, S.J., and Schaefers-Okkens, A.C. more...
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- 2006
225. Effects of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Administration on the Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Anoestrous vs Ovariectomized Bitches.
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Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Buijtels, J.J.C.W.M., Beijerink, N.J., Kooistra, H.S., Dieleman, S.J., Schaefers-Okkens, A.C., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Buijtels, J.J.C.W.M., Beijerink, N.J., Kooistra, H.S., Dieleman, S.J., and Schaefers-Okkens, A.C. more...
- Published
- 2006
226. Effects of the dopamine agonist cabergoline on the pulsatile and TRH-induced secretion of prolactin, LH, and testosterone in male beagle dogs.
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Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Koch, A., Hoppen, H.O., Dieleman, S.J., Kooistra, H.S., Günzel-Apel, A.R., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Koch, A., Hoppen, H.O., Dieleman, S.J., Kooistra, H.S., and Günzel-Apel, A.R. more...
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- 2006
227. Spermatozoa recruit prostasomes in response to capacitation induction
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Aalberts, M., Sostaric, E., Wubbolts, R.W., Wauben, M.H.M., Nolte-'t Hoen, E.N.M., Gadella, B.M., Stout, T.A.E., Stoorvogel, W., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Strategic Infection Biology, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren more...
- Subjects
Male ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,endocrine system ,Population ,Acrosome reaction ,Biophysics ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Exosome ,Analytical Chemistry ,Capacitation ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,education ,Molecular Biology ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,education.field_of_study ,urogenital system ,Extracellular vesicle ,Oocyte ,Spermatozoa ,Sperm ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,International (English) ,Immunology ,Prostasomes ,Sperm Capacitation ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Seminal plasma contains various types of extracellular vesicles, including 'prostasomes'. Prostasomes are small vesicles secreted by prostatic epithelial cells that can be recruited by and fuse with sperm cells in response of progesterone that is released by oocyte surrounding cumulus cells. This delivers Ca(2+) signaling tools that allow the sperm cell to gain hypermotility and undergo the acrosome reaction. Conditions for binding of prostasomes to sperm cells are however unclear. We found that classically used prostasome markers are in fact heterogeneously expressed on distinct populations of small and large vesicles in seminal plasma. To study interactions between prostasomes and spermatozoa we used the stallion as a model organism. A homogeneous population of ~60nm prostasomes was first separated from larger vesicles and labeled with biotin. Binding of biotinylated prostasomes to individual live spermatozoa was then monitored by flow cytometry. Contrary to assumptions in the literature, we found that such highly purified prostasomes bound to live sperm only after capacitation had been initiated, and specifically at pH ≥7.5. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed that prostasomes bound primarily to the head of live sperm. We propose that in vivo, prostasomes may bind to sperm cells in the uterus, to be carried in association with sperm cells into oviduct and to fuse with the sperm cell only during the final approach of the oocyte. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome. more...
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. Mycotoxins and female reproduction: in vitro approaches
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Santos, R.R., Schoevers, E.J., Roelen, B.A.J., Fink-Gremmels, J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, LS Pharma, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, and Dep IRAS more...
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Ochratoxin A ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,food and beverages ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Oocyte ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Endocrine disruptor ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Endocrine system ,Mycotoxin ,Receptor ,Zearalenone ,Food Science ,Hormone - Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins has been linked to adverse effects on female reproduction by interfering with the synthesis, metabolism or degradation of steroid hormones, interaction with steroid receptors or impairing oocyte maturation and competence. To assess such effects, many studies initially focussed on possible endocrine actions of mycotoxins using specific cell lines known to express key enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. Using these models, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and aflatoxin B1 were claimed to be endocrine active substances. As yet, zearalenone is the only mycotoxin for which a direct interaction with oestrogen receptors could be demonstrated, classifying this mycotoxin as an endocrine disruptor. Mycotoxin exposure of complex cell systems like ovarian follicles at the earliest (primordial) to most advanced (pre-ovulatory) stages can serve not only as the first indication of the potential of a mycotoxin to affect female reproduction, but also provides insight in specific mechanisms involved in such an effect and identifies vulnerable phases in follicle development. Zearalenone is the most widely studied mycotoxin regarding female reproduction, but effects on oocyte maturation have also been demonstrated for deoxynivalenol. Exposure to zearalenone impairs the formation of primordial, while its metabolite ?-zearalenol is more harmful to fertilised oocytes than zearalenone itself. This short overview aims to provide an introduction into the different models, such as cell lines and oocytes, commonly used to assess the potential adverse effects of mycotoxins on female reproduction. more...
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. The dynamics of sperm DNA stability in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa before and after cryopreservation
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Imrat, P., Hernandez, M., Rittem, S., Thongtip, N., Mahasawangkul, S., Gosalvez, J., Holt, W.V., Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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Male ,Population ,Elephants ,Semen ,DNA Fragmentation ,Biology ,Cryopreservation ,Andrology ,Semen quality ,Elephas ,Cryoprotective Agents ,Food Animals ,Species Specificity ,Asian elephant ,Animals ,Small Animals ,education ,Incubation ,education.field_of_study ,Equine ,Anatomy ,DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Spermatozoa ,Semen Analysis ,DNA fragmentation ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Semen Preservation - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of sperm DNA fragmentation in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa at various processing stages before and after cryopreservation. Five semen samples from four elephants were assessed at four different stages during processing; after (1) collection and reextension in TEST-egg yolk; (2) cooling to 5 °C; (3) equilibration for 1 h with glycerol; (4) thawing. An experimental approach was adopted that allowed comparisons of DNA fragmentation rates developed after the various processing stages. For this, spermatozoa were incubated in TEST-yolk media at 37 °C for 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h, and sperm DNA fragmentation rates were estimated using an elephant-specific Halosperm procedure. Incubation at 37 °C induced a rapid increase in DNA fragmentation, and significant differences between males were observed. The overall rate of increase over 4 h was estimated at about 5% per hour, and no significant changes to this rate were observed at the different processing stages, even, including the post-thaw samples. As semen quality of the five ejaculates was relatively poor, the basic semen parameter data were compared with nine different samples collected 11 mo earlier to see whether the tested samples were atypical or representative of the population, As there was no significant difference between the two sets of samples, it is believed that the samples tested for DNA stability were not unusually sensitive. These results suggest that Asian elephant spermatozoa are more susceptible to DNA fragmentation than spermatozoa of other mammals. more...
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Analysis of co-expression of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 in pluripotent cells of the porcine embryo, in vivo and in vitro
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du Puy, L., Lopes, S.M., Haagsman, H.P., Roelen, B.A.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Strategic Infection Biology, LS Moleculaire Afweer, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, and I&I SIB3
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Homeobox protein NANOG ,Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Pluripotency ,Embryonic stem cells ,animal structures ,Swine ,Porcine ,Rex1 ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Gene Expression ,Early development ,Biology ,Food Animals ,SOX2 ,Inner cell mass ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Small Animals ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Cells, Cultured ,In Situ Hybridization ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Keratin-18 ,Epiblast ,Equine ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,SOXB1 Transcription Factors ,Nanog Homeobox Protein ,Cell Differentiation ,Molecular biology ,Embryonic stem cell ,Differentiation ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Stem cell ,Octamer Transcription Factor-3 - Abstract
To derive porcine embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, the time window during which porcine embryos contain pluripotent cells that are predisposed to undifferentiated self-renewal in vitro must be identified. Therefore we first studied the spatial and temporal expression pattern of key factors in pluripotency and lineage segregation of blastocyst-stage porcine embryos between embryonic days (E) 6.5 and E10.5 using whole mount in situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and whole mount immunofluorescence. Expression of NANOG and SOX2 was detected in both the ICM and epiblast, while OCT4 expression became restricted to the epiblast at E9.5. Surprisingly ICM and epiblast cells also expressed CK18. Consequently, growth factors which sustain the undifferentiated growth of human ES cells and mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) were tested for their ability to sustain undifferentiated self-renewal of porcine ICM and epiblast cells in vitro. Cultures of ICM cells resulted in a higher percentage of primary colonies with an ES-like morphology compared to primary cultures derived from epiblast cells. These undifferentiated colonies sustained expression of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2 and CK18. The expression of CK18 suggests that these cells are more similar to human ES cells and mouse EpiSCs than to mouse ES cells. Although undifferentiated cultures were maintained for limited passages, ICM and epiblast cultures rapidly differentiated into cell types of mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal origin, as characterized by RT-PCR. These results demonstrate that porcine ICM and epiblast cells can not be cultured in vitro with currently used human ES cell culture conditions. Importantly however, the trio of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2, which are known to form an autoregulatory network for pluripotency in other systems, are co-expressed also by porcine epiblasts, and by undifferentiated primary colonies in culture. more...
- Published
- 2011
231. Functional Germ Cells: The Power of Soma
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Roelen, B.A.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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Genetics ,Male ,Somatic cell ,Reproduction ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Embryonic stem cell ,Sexual reproduction ,Cell biology ,Mice ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germ Cells ,Reproductive Medicine ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Soma ,Germ ,Female ,Germ line development ,Stem cell ,Gonads ,Embryonic Stem Cells ,Germ plasm - Abstract
In the poem ‘‘The Brewing of Soma,’’ by John G. Whittier, the rejuvenating powers attributed to the Soma potion may in fact be no more than fool’s gold. In contrast, the findings of Matoba and Ogura [1] in the current issue of Biology of Reproduction allude to the importance of somatic tissue for sexual reproduction, and thus the continuity of life. In more detail, this article describes the formation of functional germ cells, demonstrated in mice by transplanting aggregates of primordial germ cells with somatic gonadal tissue. Although many questions remain, these findings could eventually lead to the derivation of functional gametes from stem cells. more...
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- 2011
232. Tissue resident stem cells: till death do us part
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Raveh-Amit, H., Berzsenyi, S., Vas, V., Ye, D., Dinnyes, A.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren more...
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Aging ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cellular differentiation ,Myoblasts, Skeletal ,Stem cell theory of aging ,Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells ,Review Article ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neural Stem Cells ,medicine ,Regeneration ,Animals ,Humans ,Stem Cell Niche ,030304 developmental biology ,Cell Proliferation ,Adult stem cells ,0303 health sciences ,Stem cell therapy ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Age Factors ,Cell Differentiation ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Stem-cell therapy ,Hematopoietic Stem Cells ,Neural stem cell ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,Ageing ,Stem cell ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Stem celltherapy ,Gerontology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Age-related diseases ,Adult stem cell - Abstract
Aging is accompanied by reduced regenerative capacity of all tissues and organs and dysfunction of adult stem cells. Notably, these age-related alterations contribute to distinct pathophysiological characteristics depending on the tissue of origin and function and thus require special attention in a type by type manner. In this paper, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms leading to tissue-specific adult stem cell dysfunction and reduced regenerative capacity with age. A comprehensive investigation of the hematopoietic, the neural, the mesenchymal, and the skeletal stem cells in age-related research highlights that distinct mechanisms are associated with the different types of tissue stem cells. The link between age-related stem cell dysfunction and human pathologies is discussed along with the challenges and the future perspectives in stem cell-based therapies in age-related diseases. more...
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233. The different shades of mammalian pluripotent stem cells
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Niels Geijsen, Bernard A.J. Roelen, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Nick S. Macklon, Ewart W. Kuijk, Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren more...
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Male ,Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Somatic cell ,Reviews ,Embryonic Development ,Biology ,Germline ,Cell Line ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Mice ,Animals ,Humans ,Inner cell mass ,Cell Lineage ,Epigenetics ,Geneeskunde(GENK) ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Embryonic Stem Cells ,pluripotency embryonic stem cells epigenetics germ cells iPS cells primordial germ-cells leukemia inhibitory factor preimplantation mouse embryos chromatin remodeling complex marmoset callithrix-jacchus early lineage segregation long-term proliferation paternal x-chromosome self-renewal in-vitro ,Econometric and Statistical Methods: General ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Cell Differentiation ,Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ,General [Econometric and Statistical Methods] ,Phenotype ,Rats ,Cell biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Reproductive Medicine ,Epiblast ,Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass ,Immunology ,Female ,Stem cell - Abstract
The different shades of mammalian pluripotent stem cells Abstract BACKGROUND Pluripotent stem cells have been derived from a variety of sources such as from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos, from primordial germ cells, from teratocarcinomas and from male germ cells. The recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrates that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state in vitro. METHODS This review summarizes our current understanding of the origins of mouse and human pluripotent cells. We pay specific attention to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in pluripotent cells and germ cells. Furthermore, we discuss developmental aspects in the germline that seem to be of importance for the transition of germ cells towards pluripotency. This review is based on literature from the Pubmed database, using Boolean search statements with relevant keywords on the subject. RESULTS There are distinct molecular mechanisms involved in the generation and maintenance of the various pluripotent cell types. Furthermore, there are important similarities and differences between the different categories of pluripotent cells in terms of phenotype and epigenetic modifications. Pluripotent cell lines from various origins differ in growth characteristics, developmental potential, transcriptional activity and epigenetic regulation. Upon derivation, pluripotent stem cells generally acquire new properties, but they often also retain a ‘footprint’ of their tissue of origin. CONCLUSIONS In order to further our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying self-renewal and pluripotency, a thorough comparison between different pluripotent stem cell types is required. This will progress the use of stem cells in basic biology, drug discovery and future clinical applications. Key words pluripotency embryonic stem cells epigenetics germ cells iPS cells Ewart W. Kuijk1,2, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes3, Niels Geijsen2,4,5, Nick Macklon1,6 and Bernard A.J. Roelen7,* + Author Affiliations 1Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 3Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands 4Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 5Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA 6Division of Developmental Origins of Adult Disease, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK 7Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence address. Tel: +31-30-2533352; Fax: +31-30-2534811; E-mail: b.a.j.roelen@uu.nl Received November 30, 2009. Revision received June 24, 2010. Accepted July 13, 2010. Received November 30, 2009. Revision received June 24, 2010. Accepted July 13, 2010. more...
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- 2010
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234. Minimal External Masculinization in a SRY-negative XX Male Podenco Dog
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Hans S. Kooistra, A.C. Okkens, Bart Spee, J.J.C.W.M. Buijtels, E. J. B. Veldhuis Kroeze, T.W. van Haeften, J. de Gier, C. Zijlstra, Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, Geneeskunde van gezelschapsdieren, Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, and Dep Pathobiologie more...
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sex Differentiation ,Gonad ,Disorders of Sex Development ,Uterus ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Dogs ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Testis ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Ultrasonography ,Sexual differentiation ,Estradiol ,DNA ,Genitalia, Female ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Sex Determination Processes ,Sex reversal ,Epididymis ,Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ,Phenotype ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Testis determining factor ,International (English) ,Dihydrotestosterone ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Contents Normal mammalian sex differentiation takes place in three genetically controlled steps: chromosomal sex determination (XX or XY), gonadal differentiation and development of the phenotypic sex. Animals are considered to be sex reversed if chromosomal sex determination and gonadal development are not in agreement. In this report, sex reversal is described in a 1.5-year-old Podenco dog that was referred because of suspected recurrent growth of a previously removed os clitoridis in the vulva. With that exception the dog was phenotypically female, but had never been in oestrus and exhibited male behaviour. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a small tubular structure dorsal to the bladder, consistent with a uterus. An ovoid structure resembling a gonad was visible between the right kidney and inguinal canal. Plasma testosterone concentrations before and after GnRH administration indicated the presence of functional testicular tissue. Two testes, each with its epididymis and ductus deferens, and a complete bicornuate uterus were removed surgically. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a normal female karyotype (78, XX). These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of an XX male. PCR analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the SRY gene was absent. In summary, this report describes the first SRY-negative XX male Podenco dog with an almost complete female phenotype despite high basal and stimulated plasma testosterone concentrations. It is hypothesized that the clinical observations in this dog may have been caused by reduced and delayed Mullerian-inhibiting substance secretion and the absence of conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone due to 5α-reductase deficiency. more...
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- 2009
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235. The embryogenesis of the equine femorotibial joint: The equine interzone
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Jenner, F, van Osch, G J V M, Weninger, W, Geyer, S, Stout, T, van Weeren, René, Brama, P, ES TR, LS Klinische Reproductie, LS Voortplanting Inwendige Ziekten, Dep Gezondheidszorg Paard, LS Equine Muscoskeletal Biology, Tissue Repair, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and ES/FAH BRC more...
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joint development ,embryo ,articular cartilage ,embryogenesis ,interzone ,horse - Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Articular cartilage regeneration is the focus and goal of considerable research effort. Since articular chondrocytes descend from a distinct cohort of progenitor cells located in embryonic nascent joints (interzones), establishing the timing of equine interzone formation is an essential first step towards understanding equine joint and articular cartilage development. OBJECTIVES: To establish the time frame during which the equine femorotibial interzone forms. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive anatomical study. METHODS: Equine embryos were harvested at 37 (E37), 40, 42, 45, 50 and 65 days' gestation. The femorotibial interzone was examined using high-resolution episcopic microscopy of E37, E42, E45, E50 and E65. Additional histology and collagen-II-immunohistochemistry were performed on E42. RESULTS: At E37, the femorotibial interzone is first visible as a uniform layer, while at E42 the interzone is fully formed and consists of 3 morphologically distinct layers. The first evidence of cavitation was seen at E45. At E50, the cruciate ligaments were well formed and by E65, joint formation appeared complete. CONCLUSIONS: The embryogenesis of the equine femorotibial joint is similar to the developmental timeline of stage-matched human and murine embryos. Further studies looking at interzone formation on a cellular and molecular level may further our understanding of the intricate developmental patterns and pathways of articular cartilage development. more...
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- 2015
236. The Cumulus Cell Layer Protects Bovine Maturing Oocyte Against Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity
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Lolicato, Francesca, Brouwers, Jos F., van de Lest, Chris H.A., Wubbolts, Richard, Aardema, Hilde, Priore, Paola, Roelen, Bernard A.J., Helms, J. Bernd, Gadella, Bart M, ES/FAH BRC, B&C BRC-SIB-TR, Biology of Reproductive Cells, B&C BRC-SIB, Fertility & Reproduction, Infection & Immunity, LS Veterinaire biochemie, Sub MS-faciliteit, LS Equine Muscoskeletal Biology, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Sub Center for Cell Imaging, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, LS Klinische Reproductie, LS Voortplanting Inwendige Ziekten, Sub Celbiologisch lab., Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie, LS Algemeen B&C, Sub Biologie van de mannelijke gameet, and Sub Reproductie mannelijk more...
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Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue during metabolic stress increases the amount of free fatty acids in blood and follicular fluid and is associated with impaired female fertility. In a previous report we described the effects of the three predominant fatty acids in follicular fluid (saturated palmitate and stearate; unsaturated oleate) on oocyte maturation and quality. In the current study the effects of elevated fatty acid levels on cumulus cells were investigated. The three fatty acids dose-dependently induced lipid storage in cumulus cells accompanied by an enhanced immune labeling of perilipin-2, a marker for lipid droplets. Lipidomic analysis confirmed incorporation of the administered fatty acids into triglyceride, resulting in a 3-6 fold increase of triglyceride content. In addition, palmitate selectively induced ceramide formation, which has been implicated in apoptosis. Indeed, of three fatty acids tested, palmitate induced reactive oxygen species formation, caspase 3 activation, and mitochondria deterioration, leading to degeneration of the cumulus cell layers. This effect could be mimicked by addition of ceramide C2 analog and could be inhibited by the ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B1. Interfering with the intactness of the cumulus cell layers, either by mechanical force or by palmitate treatment, resulted in enhanced uptake of lipids in the oocyte and increased radical formation. Our results show that cumulus cells act as a barrier, protecting oocytes from in vitro induced lipotoxic effects. We suggest that this protective function of the cumulus cell layers is important for the developmental competence of the oocyte. The relevance of our findings for assisted reproduction technologies is discussed. more...
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- 2015
237. EVpedia: a community web portal for extracellular vesicles research
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Kim, Dae-Kyum, Lee, Jaewook, Kim, Sae Rom, Choi, Dong-Sic, Yoon, Yae Jin, Kim, Ji Hyun, Go, Gyeongyun, Nhung, Dinh, Hong, Kahye, Jang, Su Chul, Kim, Si-Hyun, Park, Kyong-Su, Kim, Oh Youn, Park, Hyun Taek, Seo, Ji Hye, Aikawa, Elena, Baj-Krzyworzeka, Monika, van Balkom, Bas W M, Belting, Mattias, Blanc, Lionel, Bond, Vincent, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Borràs, Francesc E, Buée, Luc, Buzás, Edit I, Cheng, Lesley, Clayton, Aled, Cocucci, Emanuele, Dela Cruz, Charles S, Desiderio, Dominic M, Di Vizio, Dolores, Ekström, Karin, Falcon-Perez, Juan M, Gardiner, Chris, Giebel, Bernd, Greening, David W, Gross, Julia Christina, Gupta, Dwijendra, Hendrix, An, Hill, Andrew F, Hill, Michelle M, Nolte-'t Hoen, Esther, Hwang, Do Won, Inal, Jameel, Jagannadham, Medicharla V, Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Jee, Young-Koo, Jørgensen, Malene, Kim, Kwang Pyo, Kim, Yoon-Keun, Kislinger, Thomas, Lässer, Cecilia, Lee, Dong Soo, Lee, Hakmo, van Leeuwen, Johannes, Lener, Thomas, Liu, Ming-Lin, Lötvall, Jan, Marcilla, Antonio, Mathivanan, Suresh, Möller, Andreas, Morhayim, Jess, Mullier, François, Nazarenko, Irina, Nieuwland, Rienk, Nunes, Diana N, Pang, Ken, Park, Jaesung, Patel, Tushar, Pocsfalvi, Gabriella, Del Portillo, Hernando, Putz, Ulrich, Ramirez, Marcel I, Rodrigues, Marcio L, Roh, Tae-Young, Royo, Felix, Sahoo, Susmita, Schiffelers, Raymond, Sharma, Shivani, Siljander, Pia, Simpson, Richard J, Soekmadji, Carolina, Stahl, Philip, Stensballe, Allan, Stępień, Ewa, Tahara, Hidetoshi, Trummer, Arne, Valadi, Hadi, Vella, Laura J, Wai, Sun Nyunt, Witwer, Kenneth, Yáñez-Mó, María, Youn, Hyewon, Zeidler, Reinhard, Gho, Yong Song, Nolte - t Hoen, Esther, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Strategic Infection Biology, Sub General Pharmaceutics, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, and B&C BRC-SIB more...
- Abstract
MOTIVATION: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical bilayered proteolipids, harboring various bioactive molecules. Due to the complexity of the vesicular nomenclatures and components, online searches for EV-related publications and vesicular components are currently challenging. RESULTS: We present an improved version of EVpedia, a public database for EVs research. This community web portal contains a database of publications and vesicular components, identification of orthologous vesicular components, bioinformatic tools and a personalized function. EVpedia includes 6879 publications, 172 080 vesicular components from 263 high-throughput datasets, and has been accessed more than 65 000 times from more than 750 cities. In addition, about 350 members from 73 international research groups have participated in developing EVpedia. This free web-based database might serve as a useful resource to stimulate the emerging field of EV research. Availability and implementation: The web site was implemented in PHP, Java, MySQL and Apache, and is freely available at http://evpedia.info. CONTACT: ysgho@postech.ac.kr. more...
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- 2014
238. Impact of free fatty acid composition on oocyte developmental competence in dairy cows
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Aardema, H., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Helms, Bernd, Stout, Tom, Gadella, Bart, Roelen, Bernard, and Vos, Peter
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Oleic acid protects oocytes against the detrimental effects of saturated free fatty acids During the last four decades, the fertility of high-producing dairy cows has declined dramatically. This decline in fertility has been linked to the equally marked increase in milk production, and the consequent more severe negative energy balance (NEB) that dairy cows experience during the early post-partum period. This NEB results from the high energy costs of milk production, which cannot be compensated by energy intake from food in the initial weeks after calving. A major metabolic characteristic of a NEB is an elevation in free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in the blood, due to the mobilization of body fat reserves. The released FFAs serve as an alternative energy supply for aerobically functional tissues. However, marked elevations of the saturated FFA level in particular can become toxic to these tissues. In this thesis the impact of an elevated level of FFAs on the bovine oocyte and its immediate microenvironment was investigated, as the potential link between NEB and reduced fertility. The three dominating FFAs in blood and follicular fluid were the saturated palmitic and stearic acids, and mono-unsaturated oleic acid. Elevated levels of the two saturated FFAs had detrimental effects on the in vitro developmental competence of maturing oocytes, as evidenced by inhibited blastocyst formation. By contrast, the mono-unsaturated FFA was harmless to oocytes. Interestingly, the mono-unsaturated oleic acid also prevented the negative impact of the saturated FFAs on oocyte developmental competence. Remarkably, oocytes exposed to a nearly two-fold increase of the FFA concentration in follicular fluid during maturation in vivo, triggered by inducing metabolic stress in non-pregnant cows by restricted feeding, did not show any signs of reduced developmental competence. The follicular fluid appeared to have a relatively high oleic acid, but low stearic acid, content in comparison to blood; moreover, the cumulus cells that surround the oocyte incorporated, and thereby effectively sequestered, large amounts of the FFAs into their lipid droplets. Stimulating FFA storage is a protective mechanism by which oleic acid is known to help prevent lipotoxic effects on somatic cell types like skeletal muscle. The combination of a relatively high oleic acid concentration in follicular fluid, and the capacity of the surrounding cumulus cell layer to store FFAs, appears to protect the oocyte against lipotoxicity. In conclusion, elevated levels of saturated FFAs can have lipotoxic effects on the maturing oocyte; however, lipotoxicity is prevented by oleic acid and the cumulus cells that surround the oocyte. The protective environment provided by follicular fluid and the multiple cumulus cell layers surrounding the oocyte are absent during early follicular growth. Future research should examine whether elevated levels of FFAs are lipotoxic to oocytes during the early stages of follicular development. more...
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- 2014
239. Magnetic resonance microscopy atlas of equine embryonic development
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Jenner, F, Närväinen, J, de Ruijter-Villani, M, Stout, T A E, van Weeren, P R, Brama, P, Dep Gezondheidszorg Paard, LS Equine Muscoskeletal Biology, LS Voortplanting Inwendige Ziekten, LS Klinische Reproductie, ES TR, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Tissue Repair, and ES/FAH BRC more...
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Databases, Factual ,Animals ,Embryonic Development ,Horses ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Equine embryogenesis post implantation is not well studied, and only two-dimensional illustrations are available. A thorough appreciation of the complex three-dimensional relationship between tissues and organs and their development is, however, crucial for understanding physiological and pathological mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: The goals were 2-fold: 1) to establish a freely accessible online atlas as a reference tool for the scientific and pedagogic communities; and 2) to create a framework for integration of data with known spatiotemporal distribution, such as gene expression or cell lineage. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive anatomical study. METHODS: Magnetic resonance microscopy was performed on embryos of 28, 32, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 45, 50 and 65 days gestation using a 9.4 T magnet. Equine embryos were staged according to the Carnegie system. Acquired images were optimised using histogram optimisation and processed for easy online access. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance microscopy protocols for imaging of equine embryos and fetuses were developed. The wider spread of signal intensity values achieved by histogram equalisation increased visual contrast considerably. Despite their longer gestation, equine conceptuses appeared to reach the various Carnegie staging benchmarks earlier than human embryos. CONCLUSIONS: The equine atlas is designed to serve as an online reference tool for research and teaching. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The equine atlas may serve as a foundation and scaffold for improved anatomical labelling, spatial and temporal data integration and further understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes involved in development and disease. more...
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- 2014
240. Effect of extracellular vesicles of human adipose tissue on insulin signaling in liver and muscle cells
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Kranendonk, Mariëtte E G, Visseren, Frank L J, van Herwaarden, Joost A, Nolte-'t Hoen, Esther N M, de Jager, Wilco, Wauben, Marca H M, Kalkhoven, Eric, Nolte - t Hoen, Esther, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, B&C BRC-SIB, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Strategic Infection Biology more...
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance (IR) is a key mechanism in obesity-induced cardiovascular disease. To unravel mechanisms whereby human adipose tissue (AT) contributes to systemic IR, the effect of human AT-extracellular vesicles (EVs) on insulin signaling in liver and muscle cells was determined. METHODS: EVs released from human subcutaneous (SAT) and omental AT (OAT)-explants ex vivo were used for stimulation of hepatocytes and myotubes in vitro. Subsequently, insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and expression of gluconeogenic genes (G6P, PEPCK) was determined. AT-EV adipokine levels were measured by multiplex immunoassay, and AT-EVs were quantified by high-resolution flow cytometry. RESULTS: In hepatocytes, AT-EVs from the majority of patients inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, while EVs from some patients stimulated insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. In myotubes AT-EVs exerted an ambiguous effect on insulin signaling. Hepatic Akt phosphorylation related negatively to G6P-expression by both SAT-EVs (r = -0.60, P = 0.01) and OAT-EVs (r = -0.74, P = 0.001). MCP-1, IL-6, and MIF concentrations were higher in OAT-EVs compared to SAT-EVs and differently related to lower Akt phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Finally, the number of OAT-EVs correlated positively with liver enzymes indicative for liver dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Human AT-EVs can stimulate or inhibit insulin signaling in hepatocytes- possibly depending on their adipokine content- and may thereby contribute to systemic IR. more...
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- 2014
241. Foreword
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Stout, T. A E, LS Klinische Reproductie, LS Voortplanting Inwendige Ziekten, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and ES/FAH BRC
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Equine - Published
- 2014
242. Human adipocyte extracellular vesicles in reciprocal signaling between adipocytes and macrophages
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Kranendonk, Mariëtte E G, Visseren, Frank L J, van Balkom, Bas W M, Nolte-'t Hoen, Esther N M, van Herwaarden, Joost A, de Jager, Wilco, Schipper, Henk S, Brenkman, Arjan B, Verhaar, Marianne C, Wauben, Marca H M, Kalkhoven, Eric, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, B&C BRC-SIB, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Strategic Infection Biology more...
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Inflammation ,Macrophages ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Communication ,Monocytes ,Adipokines ,Adipose Tissue ,Adipocytes ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Insulin ,Adiponectin ,Obesity ,Insulin Resistance ,Cells, Cultured ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by human adipocytes or adipose tissue (AT)-explants play a role in the paracrine interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, a key mechanism in AT inflammation, leading to metabolic complications like insulin resistance (IR) were determined. METHODS: EVs released from in vitro differentiated adipocytes and AT-explants ex vivo were characterized by electron microscopy, Western blot, multiplex adipokine-profiling, and quantified by flow cytometry. Primary monocytes were stimulated with EVs from adipocytes, subcutaneous (SCAT) or omental-derived AT (OAT), and phenotyped. Macrophage supernatant was subsequently used to assess the effect on insulin signaling in adipocytes. RESULTS: Adipocyte and AT-derived EVs differentiated monocytes into macrophages characteristic of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATM), defined by release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The adiponectin-positive subset of AT-derived EVs, presumably representing adipocyte-derived EVs, induced a more pronounced ATM-phenotype than the adiponectin-negative AT-EVs. This effect was more evident for OAT-EVs versus SCAT-EVs. Furthermore, supernatant of macrophages pre-stimulated with AT-EVs interfered with insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Finally, the number of OAT-derived EVs correlated positively with patients HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: A possible role for human AT-EVs in a reciprocal pro-inflammatory loop between adipocytes and macrophages, with the potential to aggravate local and systemic IR was demonstrated. more...
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- 2014
243. Relationship between genome and epigenome - challenges and requirements for future research
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Almouzni, G., Altucci, L., Amati, B., Ashley, N., Baulcombe, D., Beaujean, N., Bock, C., Bongcam-Rudloff, E., Bousquet, J., Braun, S., Bressac-de Paillerets, B., Bussemakers, M., Clarke, L., Conesa, A., Estivill, X., Fazeli, A., Grgurevic, N., Gut, I., Heijmans, B.T., Hermouet, S., Houwing-Duistermaat, J., Iacobucci, I., Ilas, J., Kandimalla, R., Krauss-Etschmann, S., Lasko, P., Lehmann, S., Lindroth, A., Majdic, G., Marcotte, E., Martinelli, G., Martinet, N., Meyer, E., Miceli, C., Mills, K., Moreno-Villanueva, M., Morvan, G., Nickel, D., Niesler, B., Nowacki, M., Nowak, J., Ossowski, S., Pelizzola, M., Pochet, R., Potocnik, U., Radwanska, M., Raes, J., Rattray, M., Robinson, M.D., Roelen, B., Sauer, S., Schinzer, D., Slagboom, E., Spector, T., Stunnenberg, H.G., Tiligada, E., Torres-Padilla, M.E., Tsonaka, R., Soom, A. van, Vidakovic, M., Widschwendter, M., Dynamique du noyau, Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dip. Patologia generale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation in Hematological Diseases ( CRCINA - Département INCIT - Equipe 16), Centre de recherche de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie / Nantes - Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Research Center for Lung Research, Großhadern, Germany, McGill University, GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University [Lund], Biologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire du Transport des Nutriments, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), School of biosciences and biotechnology, Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Haematology Research Group, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB)-CCRCB, University of Konstanz, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, University of Bern, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Faculty of Life Sciences [Manchester], University of Manchester [Manchester], Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Institute for Women's Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Dynamique du noyau [Institut Curie], Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du développement et reproduction (BDR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Genómica - Centre de Genòmica [IVIA], Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agraries - Valencian Institute for agricultural Research (IVIA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation in Hematological Diseases (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 16), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), LS Voortplanting Inwendige Ziekten, Sub Celbiologisch lab., Biology of Reproductive Cells, ES/FAH BRC, Almouzni, G, Altucci, Lucia, Amati, B, Ashley, N, Baulcombe, D, Beaujean, N, Bock, C, Bongcam Rudloff, E, Bousquet, J, Braun, S, Paillerets, Bb, Bussemakers, M, Clarke, L, Conesa, A, Estivill, X, Fazeli, A, Grgurević, N, Gut, I, Heijmans, Bt, Hermouet, S, Houwing Duistermaat, J, Iacobucci, I, Ilaš, J, Kandimalla, R, Krauss Etschmann, S, Lasko, P, Lehmann, S, Lindroth, A, Majdič, G, Marcotte, E, Martinelli, G, Martinet, N, Meyer, E, Miceli, C, Mills, K, Moreno Villanueva, M, Morvan, G, Nickel, D, Niesler, B, Nowacki, M, Nowak, J, Ossowski, S, Pelizzola, M, Pochet, R, Potočnik, U, Radwanska, M, Raes, J, Rattray, M, Robinson, Md, Roelen, B, Sauer, S, Schinzer, D, Slagboom, E, Spector, T, Stunnenberg, Hg, Tiligada, E, Torres Padilla, Me, Tsonaka, R, Soom, Av, Vidaković, M, Widschwendter, M., University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Radboud University [Nijmegen], and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
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Epigenomics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,MESH: Epigenomics ,programme de recherche scientifique ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Epigenome ,Biologie de la reproduction ,MESH: Epigenesis, Genetic ,epidrugs ,génération ,DNA METHYLATION ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Reproductive Biology ,évolution de la maladie ,Genome ,MESH: Genomics ,Biologie du développement ,DEATH ,Genomics ,Development Biology ,CANCER ,MESH: Research ,impact environnemental ,Technology Platforms ,genome ,epigenome ,microbiome ,environment ,STEM-CELLS ,epigenetic ,Biotechnology ,durée de vie ,programme européen ,facteur génétique ,INHIBITION ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,Environment ,maladie ,ddc:570 ,Correspondence ,Genetics ,Humans ,cancer ,MESH: Genome ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Veterinary Sciences ,Microbiome ,MESH: Humans ,Research ,santé publique ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,sensibilité aux maladies ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Understanding the links between genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic factors throughout the lifespan and across generations and their role in disease susceptibility and disease progression offer entirely new avenues and solutions to major problems in our society. To overcome the numerous challenges, we have come up with nine major conclusions to set the vision for future policies and research agendas at the European level. ispartof: BMC Genomics vol:15 issue:1 pages:487-487 ispartof: location:England status: published more...
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- 2014
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244. Sperm preparation for fertilization
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Gadella, B.M., Chenoweth, P.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, ES/FAH BRC, and Dep Biochemie en Celbiologie
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Preprint - Abstract
Description This book contains 19 chapters that discuss theoretical and applied andrology for domestic, zoo and wild animals. Topics include semen and its constituents; sperm production and harvest; determinants of sperm morphology; sperm preparation for fertilization; practical aspects of semen cryopreservation; evaluation of semen in the andrology laboratory; genetic aspects of male reproduction; emerging techniques and future development of semen evaluation and handling and applied andrology in cats, dogs, fowls, turkeys, sheep, goats, cervids, horses, cattle, zebu, buffaloes, pigs, camelids, zoo animals and wild animals. It will be of use for those teaching animal physiology at a tertiary level and a reference for those interested in male animal reproductive evaluation, performance and in semen evaluation, handling and use for artificial breeding. more...
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- 2014
245. Oviduct Binding and Elevated Environmental pH Induce Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Stallion Spermatozoa
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Leemans, B., Gadella, B.M., Sostaric, E., Nelis, H., Stout, T.A.E., Hoogewijs, M., van Soom, A., Biology of Reproductive Cells, ES/FAH BRC, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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Sperm-oviduct binding is an essential step in the capacitation process preparing the sperm for fertilization in several mammalian species. In many species, capacitation can be induced in vitro by exposing spermatozoa to bicarbonate, Ca2+, and albumin; however, these conditions are insufficient in the horse. We hypothesized that binding to the oviduct epithelium is an essential requirement for the induction of capacitation in stallion spermatozoa. Sperm-oviduct binding was established by coincubating equine oviduct explants for 2 h with stallion spermatozoa (2 × 106 spermatozoa/ml), during which it transpired that the highest density (per mm2) of oviduct-bound spermatozoa was achieved under noncapacitating conditions. In subsequent experiments, sperm-oviduct incubations were performed for 6 h under noncapacitating versus capacitating conditions. The oviduct-bound spermatozoa showed a time-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation response, which was not observed in unbound spermatozoa or spermatozoa incubated in oviduct explant conditioned medium. Both oviduct-bound and unbound sperm remained motile with intact plasma membrane and acrosome. Since protein tyrosine phosphorylation can be induced in equine spermatozoa by media with high pH, the intracellular pH (pHi) of oviduct explant cells and bound spermatozoa was monitored fluorometrically after staining with BCECF-AM dye. The epithelial secretory cells contained large, alkaline vesicles. Moreover, oviduct-bound spermatozoa showed a gradual increase in pHi, presumably due to an alkaline local microenvironment created by the secretory epithelial cells, given that unbound spermatozoa did not show pHi changes. Thus, sperm-oviduct interaction appears to facilitate equine sperm capacitation by creating an alkaline local environment that triggers intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation in bound sperm. more...
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- 2014
246. 'Small Talk' in the Innate Immune System via RNA-Containing Extracellular Vesicles
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van der Grein, Susanne, Nolte - t Hoen, Esther, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, B&C BRC-SIB, Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Strategic Infection Biology
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microRNA ,innate immune system ,exosomes ,extracellular vesicles ,infection - Abstract
A newly uncovered means of communication between cells involves intercellular transfer of nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EV), composed of lipids, proteins, and genetic material. EV released by cells of the immune system can play a regulatory role in the induction and suppression of immune responses. These functions may be mediated not only by the bioactive lipids and proteins present in EV but also by EV-associated RNAs. The RNA in EV mainly consists of microRNAs and a large range of other small non-coding RNA species. Since many of these small RNAs have the potential to regulate gene expression, intercellular transfer of these RNAs via EV may cause long-term changes in the function of EV-targeted cells. Several types of innate immune cells release EV that affect innate immune responses and other (patho)physiological processes. Additionally, the innate immune system is influenced by EV released by non-immune cells and EV found in body fluids. In this review, we focus on how EV-associated RNAs contribute to these immune regulatory processes. more...
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- 2014
247. Fibroblast growth factor-2 expression in the preimplantation equine conceptus and endometrium of pregnant and cyclic mares
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Villani, M., Boxtel, P.R., Stout, T.A.E., Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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Endometrium ,Pregnancy ,FGF2 ,Mare ,Preimplantation ,Conceptus - Abstract
Uterine-derived growth factors and cytokines play essential roles in regulating preimplantation conceptus development. In several species, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) promotes embryogenesis, trophoblast cell migration, and adhesion. This study investigated mRNA expression for FGF2, its receptors (FGFR1-4), the activating factor FGF binding protein (FGF-BP) in equine endometrium and trophectoderm during early pregnancy and the estrous cycle, and localized FGF2 protein in both endometrium and conceptus tissues. FGF2, FGFRs1-4, and FGFBP mRNAs were expressed in endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, and in days 14 to 28 conceptus membranes. FGF2 transcription was higher during estrus than on days 7 or 14 of diestrus, suggesting estrogen dependency. Endometrial expression of FGF2 mRNA and protein increased as pregnancy progressed from days 21 and day 28; FGF2 protein was localized predominantly in the luminal and glandular epithelium. FGF2 mRNA was detectable in trophectoderm from as early as day 14, and transcription and translation increased in day 21 and 28 allantochorion. FGF2 protein was localized mainly in the trophectoderm up to day 21 but was present in both trophectoderm and endoderm of day 28 allantochorion. FGFR1 mRNA was down-regulated in the endometrium at day 7 of diestrus but increased again by day 14. Gene expression for all of the FGFR2 splice variants, including FGFR2IIIc, was up-regulated during estrus. During early pregnancy, endometrial FGFR1 expression decreased, whereas FGFR2IIIc expression did not change. Conceptus mRNA expression for all FGFRs increased as pregnancy progressed. FGFBP expression remained unchanged in endometrium, but increased in the conceptus between days 14 and 28, suggesting a role in regulating FGF2 activity in the developing conceptus. We conclude that during weeks 3 and 4 of pregnancy, the equine endometrial epithelium produces FGF2, which may play a role in trophoblast development and adhesion. more...
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- 2013
248. Veterinary applications of induced pluripotent stem cells: Regenerative medicine and models for disease?
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Cebrian-Serrano, A., Stout, T.A.E., Dinnyes, A., Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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Veterinary ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Regenerative medicine ,Reprogramming ,Animal models - Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can now be derived from a tissue biopsy and represent a promising new platform for disease modelling, drug and toxicity testing, biomarker development and cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine. In regenerative medicine, large animals may represent the best models for man, and thereby provide invaluable systems in which to test the safety and the potential of iPSCs. Hence, testing iPSCs in veterinary species may serve a double function, namely, developing therapeutic products for regenerative medicine in veterinary patients while providing valuable background information for human clinical trials. The production of iPSCs from livestock or wild species is attractive because it could improve efficiency and reduce costs in various fields, such as transgenic animal generation and drug development, preservation of biological diversity, and because it also offers an alternative to xenotransplantation for in vivo generation of organs. Although the technology of cellular reprogramming using the so-called ‘Yamanaka factors’ is in its peak expectation phase and many concerns still need to be addressed, the rapid technical progress suggests that iPSCs could contribute significantly to novel therapies in veterinary and biomedical practice in the near future. This review provides an overview of the potential applications of iPSCs in veterinary medicine. more...
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249. iTRAQ proteome analysis reflects a progressed differention state of epiblast derived versus inner cell mass derived murine embryonic stem cells
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Frohlich, T., Kosters, M., Graf, A., Wolf, E., Kobolak, J., Brochard, V., Dinnyes, A., Jouneau, A., Arnold, G.J., Biology of Reproductive Cells, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSC) share similar pluripotency factors like NANOG or POU5F1, however, their state of pluripotency differs significantly. mESC and mEpiSC can be derived from embryos generated by fertilization (FT) or by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT). In this study we performed a 4-plex iTRAQ LC–MS/MS based approach, facilitating the multiplexed comparison of the four indicated types of stem cells. From four replicates of each cell type, 1650 proteins were quantified. 234 non redundant proteins with significant abundance alterations between FT/NT-mESC and FT/NT-mEpiSC, and 44 between FT and NT derived cells were detected. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that several pluripotency associated proteins, among them POU5F1, DNMT3L, TIF1B, and proteins involved in DNA repair like MSH2 and MSH6, are more abundant in mESC compared to mEpiSC. The abundance level of these proteins is not affected by the mode of embryo generation, whereas several cytoskeleton proteins show a higher abundance in NT-mESC compared to FT-mESC. In addition, a number of cytoskeletal proteins are enriched in mEpiSC, e.g., myosins, filamins and intermediate filament proteins, reflecting the progressed differentiation state of epiblast derived versus inner cell mass derived murine pluripotent stem cells. more...
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- 2013
250. Efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction in the mare by embryonic or fetal stabbing compared with yolk sac or allantoic fluid aspiration
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Journée, S.L., Villani, M., Hendriks, W.K., Stout, T.A.E., Advances in Veterinary Medicine, Biology of Reproductive Cells, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Paard
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Mare ,Twins ,Fetal stabbing ,Transvaginal pregnancy reduction - Abstract
Transvaginal ultrasound-guided pregnancy reduction (TUGR) is a procedure described for the management of twins post-fixation in the horse. Success rates are often disappointing but are reported to be more favorable for bilaterally situated twins and when intervention takes place before day 35 of gestation. This study aimed to determine whether stabbing the embryo/fetus rather than aspirating conceptus fluids improved the likelihood of success, measured as the birth of a normal live singleton foal. Data from 103 TUGR interventions were analyzed by logistic regression analysis; method of treatment, relative conceptus location (i.e., uni- vs. bilateral), and stage of gestation were included as interdependent factors that potentially influence the outcome. Overall, 34/103 (33%) TUGR interventions resulted in a single live foal. There was no significant difference (P = 0.14) in the outcome between TUGR based on fetal stabbing (12/28: 42.9%) versus fluid aspiration (22/75: 29.3%). There was also no significant influence (P = 0.11) of the conceptuses being located unilaterally (19/65: 29.2%) versus bilaterally (15/38: 39.5%). However, TUGR was numerically more successful (P = 0.05) when performed ≤ Day 35 of gestation (21/53: 39.6%), as opposed to > Day 35 (13/50: 26%). Day 45 may represent an even more critical time point because only 2 out of 15 TUGRs (13.3%) performed beyond this day resulted in the birth of a live foal, compared with 11/35 (31.4%) performed between Days 36 and 45. Although the numbers are low, this suggests that TUGR is not the method of choice for reducing > Day 45 twins. Four pregnancy losses were recorded 1 to 7 months post-TUGR (4/38: 10.5%), and although it is tempting to attribute the losses to TUGR, this rate of late gestation pregnancy loss is normal. We conclude that TUGR by fetal stabbing does not offer significant advantages over fluid aspiration. However, TUGR should be performed before Day 35 of gestation and is considered primarily a salvage procedure to be used when re-breeding is not a viable alternative. more...
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- 2013
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