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Improving the chemotherapy resistance of temozolomide (TMZ) is of great significance in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Long non‐coding RNA just proximal to the X‐inactive specific transcript (JPX) has been proven to be involved in cancer progression. However, the intrinsic significance and molecular mechanism by which JPX orchestrates GBM progression and TMZ chemotherapy resistance remain poorly understood. Here, JPX was found to be significantly elevated in GBM tissues and cell lines, and patients with high expressions of JPX showed significantly worse prognoses. Functional experiments revealed its carcinogenic roles in GBM cell proliferation, TMZ chemoresistance, anti‐apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and aerobic glycolysis. Mechanistically, JPX formed a complex with phosphoinositide dependent kinase‐1 (PDK1) messenger RNA (mRNA) and promoted its stability and expression. Furthermore, an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment showed that JPX interacted with N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase FTO alpha‐ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (FTO) and enhanced FTO‐mediated PDK1 mRNA demethylation. JPX exerted its GBM‐promotion effects through the FTO/PDK1 axis. Taken together, these findings reveal the key role of JPX in promoting GBM aerobic glycolysis and TMZ chemoresistance in an m6A‐dependent manner. Thus, it comprises a promising novel therapeutic target for GBM chemotherapy., Our findings uncover a key role of just proximal to the X‐inactive specific transcript in promoting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) aerobic glycolysis and temozolomide chemoresistance in a N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐dependent manner, providing a promising novel therapeutic target for GBM chemotherapy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in developed regions. Aside from abnormal angiogenesis, inflammation is the most specific and might be the initiating factor of DR. As a key participant in inflammation, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can be detected in different parts of the eye and is responsible for the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and activation of inflammatory cells and other cytokines, which accelerate neovascularization and neuroglial degeneration. In addition, IFN-γ is involved in other vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and angiogenesis-dependent diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, cerebral microbleeds, and age-related macular degeneration. Traditional treatments, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, vitrectomy, and laser photocoagulation therapy, are more effective for angiogenesis and not tolerable for every patient. Many ongoing clinical trials are exploring effective drugs that target inflammation. For instance, IFN-α acts against viruses and angiogenesis and is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, IFN-α has been shown to contribute to alleviating the progression of DR and other ocular diseases. In this review, we emphasize the roles that IFNs play in the pathogenesis of DR and discuss potential clinical applications of IFNs in DR, such as diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment.

Developing artificial enzymes with the excellent catalytic performance of natural enzymes has been a long-standing goal for chemists. Single-atom catalysts with well-defined atomic structure and electronic coordination environments can effectively mimic natural enzymes. Here, we report an engineered FeN3P-centred single-atom nanozyme (FeN3P-SAzyme) that exhibits comparable peroxidase-like catalytic activity and kinetics to natural enzymes, by controlling the electronic structure of the single-atom iron active centre through the precise coordination of phosphorus and nitrogen. In particular, the engineered FeN3P-SAzyme, with well-defined geometric and electronic structures, displays catalytic performance that is consistent with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. We rationalize the origin of the high enzyme-like activity using density functional theory calculations. Finally, we demonstrate that the developed FeN3P-SAzyme with superior peroxidase-like activity can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, SAzymes show promising potential for developing artificial enzymes that have the catalytic kinetics of natural enzymes. Nanozymes can provide cost and stability advantages over natural enzymes, but they usually display low catalytic activity and inferior kinetics. Now, a highly active nanozyme is developed that shows comparable kinetics to horseradish peroxidase in the oxidation of a commonly used artificial substrate.

This study was conducted to assess the current status of famers' perceptions of animal welfare and technical efficiency in broiler farms using a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). In this study, 355 farms registered in Heilongjiang Province, China were surveyed, with 240 of them responding. The results showed that 75% of farmers recognize the importance of animal welfare, and 56.3% of them expressed their willingness to implement animal welfare on their farms without conditions or having a negative attitude. The technical efficiency of the farmers' ranged from 55% to 99%. All the variables assessed in this study had a statistical influence on production. Education, experience, and gender of farmers were significant variables and increased efficiency, while age and distance of a farm to the main road increased inefficiency. Based on our survey, we suggest that the implementation of animal welfare measures will require government subsidy or incentive, which could encourage 35% of farmers to implement animal welfare measures. To increase production efficiently, farmer needs to control the mortality rate, but the contribution of vaccine during production is below 1% (0.09%).

As next-generation artificial enzymes, nanozymes have shown great promise for tumor catalytic therapy. In particular, their peroxidase-like activity has been employed to catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to kill tumor cells. However, limited by the low affinity between nanozymes with H2O2 and the low level of H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment, peroxidase nanozymes usually produced insufficient •OH to kill tumor cells for therapeutic purposes. Herein, we present a pyrite peroxidase nanozyme with ultrahigh H2O2 affinity, resulting in a 4144- and 3086-fold increase of catalytic activity compared with that of classical Fe3O4 nanozyme and natural horseradish peroxidase, respectively. We found that the pyrite nanozyme also possesses intrinsic glutathione oxidase-like activity, which catalyzes the oxidation of reduced glutathione accompanied by H2O2 generation. Thus, the dual-activity pyrite nanozyme constitutes a self-cascade platform to generate abundant •OH and deplete reduced glutathione, which induces apoptosis as well as ferroptosis of tumor cells. Consequently, it killed apoptosis-resistant tumor cells harboring KRAS mutation by inducing ferroptosis. The pyrite nanozyme also exhibited favorable tumor-specific cytotoxicity and biodegradability to ensure its biosafety. These results indicate that the high-performance pyrite nanozyme is an effective therapeutic reagent and may aid the development of nanozyme-based tumor catalytic therapy.

To explore the risk factors of hidden blood loss in osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures during percutaneous vertebral augmentation.From October 2018 to December 2019, 360 patients with osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures who received percutaneous vertebral augmentation were enrolled in this study. The factors analyzed included gender, age, surgical methods, disease course, height, weight, the operative segment, bone mineral density, amount of bone cement, operative time, percentage of height loss, percentage of vertebral height restoration, cement leakage, blood clotting function, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit and other internal diseases. Total blood loss was calculated by Gross's formula, influential factors of the hidden blood loss were further analyzed by t-test, multivariate linear regression and one-way ANOVA analysis.Surgical methods, the operative segment, disease course, cement leakage, preoperative hemoglobin, cement leakage via the basivertebral and segmental vein were significantly correlated with hidden blood loss(Patients with percutaneous kyphoplasty, two-level and multi-level surgery, the course of the disease beyond 6 weeks, cement leakage via the basivertebral and segmental vein, and lower preoperative hemoglobin had more perioperative hidden blood loss.

The serious aerodynamic noise is caused in the downstream of control valve by high pressure difference. Severe aerodynamic noise will affect worker safety and production safety. Throttling orifice plate located in control valve downstream is one of the most important devices for reducing aerodynamic noise under high pressure difference. Therefore, studying the effect of throttling orifice plate structure parameters on flow characteristics and aerodynamic noise is of great significance. Based on method of computational fluid dynamics, the inclination angle of conical throttling orifice plate is studied as the research variables. The time-average values of the flow field, pressure and velocity are obtained and evaluated through steady-state RANS. Flow rate is evaluated under condition that the throttling area of the plate remains unchanged. Based on the results of steady-state simulation, the aerodynamic acoustic power level in the whole flow field is obtained through the broadband noise source model. Finally, the influence of the plate inclination angle on the aerodynamic noise is comprehensively evaluated. It is concluded that the downward setting orifice plate (45°) is the best among the all orifice plates. The work has a certain reference value for researching the design of throttling orifice plate and improving aerodynamic noise in downstream of high pressure valve.

Hydraulic valve is used as an important hydraulic component, playing a vital role in fluid power transmission and control systems. When the phenomenon of sticking of valve core occurs, it may seriously decrease the accuracy and sensitivity of the hydraulic valve. Micro-deformation is one of the most common faults causing the valve core sticking, which is due to the thermal load. Therefore, studying the mechanism of valve core sticking caused by thermal fluid is of great significance. In this paper, the fluid dynamics in hydraulic valves and the temperature characteristics of valve core are analyzed based on the thermal-fluid-solid coupling method. Results show that the jet angle (θ) will decrease with the increase of opening degree (k), and the maximum velocity and temperature increase with the increase of the opening degree. By loading the temperature field into the thermal analysis as a boundary condition, it shows that the temperature of the U-throttle groove increases with the increase of the opening degree. In addition, with the increase of opening degree, the maximum thermal deformation increases and the contact pressure between valve core and valve body also increases. This work has a certain reference value for researching and improving the phenomenon of valve core stuck in hydraulic valve.

Extensive efforts are devoted to refining metal sites for optimizing the catalytic performance of single-atom nanozymes (SANzymes), while the contribution of the defect environment of neighboring metal sites lacks attention. Herein, an iron-based SANzyme (Fe-SANzyme) is rationally designed by edge-site engineering, which intensively exposes edge-hosted defective Fe-N

To compare the clinical efficacy between acupuncture combined with western medication and simple western medication for ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), and to explore its possible mechanism.A total of 60 patients of ocular myasthenia gravis were randomized into an acupuncture combined with western medication group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a western medication group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). Oral pyridostigmine bromide tablet and prednisone acetate tablet were given in the western medication group. On the basis of the treatment in the western medication group,After treatment, the OMG clinical absolute scores, values of mean jitter, percentages of jitter55 μs, percentages of blocks and serum levels of AChR-Ab, IFN-γ and IL-4 were decreased compared before treatment in both groups (Acupuncture combined with western medication can effectively improve ptosis, palpebra superior fatigability, eye movement disorder and neuromuscular junction dysfunction in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis, the therapeutic effect is superior to simple western medication. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating serum levels of AChR-Ab, IFN-γ and IL-4 and promoting the recovery of orbicularis oculi function.

Tread compounding has always been faced with the simultaneous optimization of multiple performance properties, most of which have tradeoffs between the properties. The search for overcoming these conflicting tradeoffs have led many companies in the tire industry to discover and develop material physics-based platforms. This report describes some of our efforts to quantify compound structures and properties at multiple scales, and their subsequent application in compound design. Integration of experiment and simulation has been found to be critical to highlighting the levers in data-driven multiscale compound tread design.

Tongue-controlled assistive technologies (ATs) have a great potential to improve the quality of life for people with severe disabilities. Current tongue-controlled ATs, however, require either a tracer to be attached on the tongue or a complicated gesture/mechanism to avoid issuing commands unintendedly during routine intraoral events ( e.g., tongue resting, swallowing, and speaking), which poses a high entry barrier to potential users. In this study, we propose a tracer-free tongue-controlled AT using four optical distance sensors and one ambient light sensor with a multi-sensor data fusion algorithm to distinguish the intended tongue contacts from the unintended ones. Eleven healthy human subjects participated in the study to evaluate the performance using the proposed technology in masking unintendedly-issued commands and navigating a mouse cursor on a computer. The proposed multi-sensor data fusion algorithm could mask 100%, 86.99%, and 99.50% of unintendedly-issued commands during tongue resting, swallowing, and speaking, respectively. The efficacy of the tongue commands in mouse navigation was evaluated by command-issuing task and maze-navigation task. The participants could issue tongue commands in a random order with 97.16±0.94% of accuracy. The completion time and the sum of deviation of the maze-navigation task were 31.36±2.74 s and 9.38±0.85 pixel2, respectively. The subjects’ performance on computer-access tasks, using the proposed tracer-free tongue-controlled technology, is at the level of the performance measured with existing tracer-based tongue-controlled technologies, while securing robustness in masking commands, unintendedly issued during routine intraoral events. Results of this preliminary study suggest that the tracer-free implementation is feasible option for the tongue-controlled ATs.

In this study, starch extracted from lily bulbs were modified using an ultra‐high pressure (UHP) treatment at six different pressure levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa). The effects of UHP treatment on the physicochemical and morphological properties of lily starch were investigated. The morphological observation revealed that UHP treatment led to particle expansion and aggregation. Compared with the native and lily starch treated at 100–500 MPa, the lily starch treated at 600 MPa exhibited almost completely disrupted morphology and a larger particle size, indicating nearly complete gelatinization of the starch. The relative crystallinity of the UHP‐treated starch remarkably reduced. Gelatinization temperatures via differential scanning calorimetry decreased with increasing pressure. The rapid viscoanalyzer results revealed that the lily starch treated with UHP at 600 MPa showed low values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback. These results indicated that UHP was an effective physical modification method for lily starch, UHP treatment (600 MPa, 30 min) caused nearly complete gelatinization of lily starch, and lily starch modified using UHP might expand the application of lily in the food field., In this study, starch extracted from lily bulbs were modified using an ultra‐high pressure (UHP) treatment at six different pressure levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa). The results indicated that UHP was an effective physical modification method for lily starch, UHP treatment (600 MPa, 30 min) caused complete gelatinisation of lily starch, and lily starch modified using UHP might expand the application of lily in the food field.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccus-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic and pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain CQN31T, was isolated from sediment of Changqiaohai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Growth occurred at 4–45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6cand C16 : 0were the predominant fatty acids. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PME) and one unidentified aminolipid (AL) were the major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 %. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain CQN31Tshared 96.8 % similarity withRoseomonas wooponensisJCM 19527Tand 95.9 % withR. terricolaEM0302T. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CQN31TandRoseomonas stagniDSM 19981T,R. roseaDSM 14916TandR. mucosaNCTC 13291Twere 21.0, 19.4 and 19.8 %, respectively. Average amino acid identity and average nucleotide identity values between strain CQN31TandR. stagniDSM 19981T,R. roseaDSM 14916TandR. mucosaNCTC 13291Twere 73.7, 63.4 and 61.9 %, and 79.2, 77.1 and 77.5%, respectively. Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strain CQN31Tas a representative of a novel species in the genusRoseomonas, for which the nameRoseomonas bellasp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CQN31T(=KCTC 62447T=MCCC 1H00309T).

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease which incidence gradually increases with age. Inflammation participates in AMD pathogenesis, including choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. It is also a kind of self-protective regulation from injury for the eyes. In this review, we described inflammation in AMD pathogenesis, summarized the roles played by inflammation-related cytokines, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) in the innate or adaptive immunity in AMD. Possible clinical applications such as potential diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory therapies were also discussed. This review overviews the inflammation as a target of novel effective therapies in treating AMD.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes have obvious merits such as strong ability to dissolve salts (e.g., LiTFSI) and high flexibility, but their applications in solid-state batteries is hindered by the low ion conductance and poor mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) is employed as a multifunctional additive to improve the overall properties of the PEO-based electrolytes. The hydrogen-bond interactions between PMIA and PEO/TFSI− can effectively prevent the PEO crystallization and meanwhile facilitate the LiTFSI dissociation, and thus greatly improve the ionic conductivity (two times that of the pristine electrolyte at room temperature). With the incorporation of the high-strength PMIA with tough amide-benzene backbones, the PMIA/PEO-LiTFSI composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membranes also show much higher mechanical strength (2.96 MPa), thermostability (419 °C) and interfacial stability against Li dendrites (468 h at 0.10 mA cm‒2) than the pristine electrolyte (0.32 MPa, 364 °C and short circuit after 246 h). Furthermore, the CPE-based LiFePO4/Li cells exhibit superior cycling stability (137 mAh g−1 with 93% retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C) and rate performance (123 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C). This work provides a novel and effective CPE structure design strategy to achieve comprehensively-upgraded electrolytes for promising solid-state battery applications.

In this work, an effective hybrid strategy was developed for tandem conversion of biomass to furfurylamine with tin-based solid acid Sn-Maifanitum stone and recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells harboring ω-transaminase. 90.3 mM furfural was obtained from corncob (75 g/L) at 170 °C for 0.5 h over Sn-Maifanitum stone catalyst (3.5 wt%) in the aqueous media (pH 1.0), which could be further bioconverted into furfurylamine at 74.0% yield (based on biomass-derived furfural) within 20.5 h. Finally, an efficient recycling and reuse of Sn-Maifanitum stone catalyst and immobilized Escherichia coli AT2018 whole-cell biocatalyst was developed for the synthesis of furfurylamine from biomass in the one-pot reaction system.

Aiming to develop an effective catalytic process for utilizing biomass, conversion of corncob into furfural was firstly performed using tin-loaded bentonite (Sn-BTN) as solid acid catalyst. Corncob was pretreated with Sn-BTN (3.5 wt%) for producing furfural at 53.3% yield in methyl isobutyl ketone-water (5:5, v:v; pH 1.0) biphasic media within 0.5 h at 170 °C. Furthermore, an efficient Sn-BTN recycling was achieved after 5 cycles of repeated use. Finally, furoic acid was obtained at 53.3% yield from corncob via sequential catalysis with solid acid Sn-BTN and Brevibacterium lutescens whole cells harboring furfural-oxidizing activity in methyl isobutyl ketone-H2O (5:5, v:v) media was developed under the relatively mild conditions. Clearly, this hybrid strategy for the synthesis of furoic acid from biomass was successfully developed via tandem catalysis of corncob with Tin-loaded bentonite and Brevibacterium lutescens whole-cell.

By doping Zr or Hf into the Fe2P-TiO2 high-pressure phase, we obtain four new Fe2P-type photocatalysts (TiZrO4, Ti2ZrO6, TiHfO4 and Ti2HfO6) through first-principle calculations. Using first principle theory, we discuss the lattice stability and the electronic and the optical properties of these four new compounds. Results show that, compared with the undoped Fe2P-TiO2, these four compounds can be stable under normal conditions. In addition, the band gaps of these four compounds decrease in varying degrees compared with that of the common atmospheric phase of TiO2. By calculating their densities of states, we analyzed the reason for the change in the band gap. What is more, the study of the optical properties showed that the optical absorptivities were larger in the visible band. Results showed these four new Fe2P-type compounds to be photocatalysts with excellent photoelectronic activities.

α-Syn fibrils, which are neurotoxic, play a key role in the development of PD. Maintaining α-Syn proteostasis by suitable molecule ligands is an effective approach to prevent aggregation. Disintegrating the existed oligomers and fibrils into individual α-Syn by small molecular compounds is a more efficient way to treat PD. This work designed and synthesized two series of bis-chalcone polyphenol compounds, which possess a sheet-like conjugated skeleton with stronger H-bonding, π-stacking, and hydrophobic interaction with α-Syn protein residues. Some compounds have shown high α-Syn aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro with IC

This method afforded aromatic carbonyl compounds under TBHP via selective oxidative cleavage of the C-C bond in α,β-epoxy ketones. Aromatic acid came from the aroyl section, and aromatic aldehyde came from the other aromatic group. TBHP acted as a free radical initiator and oxidant. The reaction within the solvent went through a ring-opening addition, cleavage of the C-C bond in the ethylene oxide section, and oxidation, affording the target compounds in moderate to good yields. The HPLC yield of aromatic aldehyde was up to 91%. The HPLC yield of aromatic acid was up to 99%. The reaction under solvent-free conditions gave two kinds of aromatic acids coming from different moieties of α,β-epoxy ketone via the further oxidation of aromatic aldehyde. The substituent effect was discussed, and the reaction mechanism was proposed. This method allowed the reaction to occur in a simple system metal-free.