Search

We present results from a semicoherent search for continuous gravitationalwaves from the low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius X-1, using a hidden Markov model(HMM) to track spin wandering. This search improves on previous HMM-basedsearches of LIGO data by using an improved frequency domain matched filter, the$\mathcal{J}$-statistic, and by analysing data from Advanced LIGO's secondobserving run. In the frequency range searched, from $60$ to$650\,\mathrm{Hz}$, we find no evidence of gravitational radiation. At$194.6\,\mathrm{Hz}$, the most sensitive search frequency, we report an upperlimit on gravitational wave strain (at 95\% confidence) of $h_0^{95\%} = 3.47\times 10^{-25}$ when marginalising over source inclination angle. This is themost sensitive search for Scorpius X-1, to date, that is specifically designedto be robust in the presence of spin wandering.

We present the results of targeted searches for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, which took place from 2016 November to 2017 August. We have analyzed 98 gamma-ray bursts using an unmodeled search method that searches for generic transient gravitational waves and 42 with a modeled search method that targets compact-binary mergers as progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. Both methods clearly detect the previously reported binary merger signal GW170817, with p-values of

We present a search for subsolar mass ultracompact objects in data obtained during Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In contrast to a previous search of Advanced LIGO data from the first observing run, this search includes the effects of component spin on the gravitational waveform. We identify no viable gravitational-wave candidates consistent with subsolar mass ultracompact binaries with at least one component between 0.2  M_{⊙}-1.0  M_{⊙}. We use the null result to constrain the binary merger rate of (0.2  M_{⊙}, 0.2  M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 3.7×10^{5}  Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} and the binary merger rate of (1.0  M_{⊙}, 1.0  M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 5.2×10^{3}  Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}. Subsolar mass ultracompact objects are not expected to form via known stellar evolution channels, though it has been suggested that primordial density fluctuations or particle dark matter with cooling mechanisms and/or nuclear interactions could form black holes with subsolar masses. Assuming a particular primordial black hole (PBH) formation model, we constrain a population of merging 0.2  M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 16% of the dark matter density and a population of merging 1.0  M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 2% of the dark matter density. We discuss how constraints on the merger rate and dark matter fraction may be extended to arbitrary black hole population models that predict subsolar mass binaries.

When formed through dynamical interactions, stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) may retain eccentric orbits (e > 0.1 at 10 Hz) detectable by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. Eccentricity can therefore be used to differentiate dynamically formed binaries from isolated BBH mergers. Current template-based gravitational-wave searches do not use waveform models associated with eccentric orbits, rendering the search less efficient for eccentric binary systems. Here we present the results of a search for BBH mergers that inspiral in eccentric orbits using data from the first and second observing runs (O1 and O2) of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We carried out the search with the coherent WaveBurst algorithm, which uses minimal assumptions on the signal morphology and does not rely on binary waveform templates. We show that it is sensitive to binary mergers with a detection range that is weakly dependent on eccentricity for all bound systems. Our search did not identify any new binary merger candidates. We interpret these results in light of eccentric binary formation models. We rule out formation channels with rates ⪆100 Gpc-3 yr-1 for e > 0.1, assuming a black hole mass spectrum with a power-law index ≲2.

Gravitational-wave astronomy has been firmly established with the detection of gravitational waves from the merger of ten stellar-mass binary black holes and a neutron star binary. This paper reports on the all-sky search for gravitational waves from intermediate mass black hole binaries in the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo network. The search uses three independent algorithms: two based on matched filtering of the data with waveform templates of gravitational-wave signals from compact binaries, and a third, model-independent algorithm that employs no signal model for the incoming signal. No intermediate mass black hole binary event is detected in this search. Consequently, we place upper limits on the merger rate density for a family of intermediate mass black hole binaries. In particular, we choose sources with total masses M=m1+m2ϵ[120,800] M and mass ratios q=m2/m1ϵ[0.1,1.0]. For the first time, this calculation is done using numerical relativity waveforms (which include higher modes) as models of the real emitted signal. We place a most stringent upper limit of 0.20 Gpc-3 yr-1 (in comoving units at the 90% confidence level) for equal-mass binaries with individual masses m1,2=100 M and dimensionless spins χ1,2=0.8 aligned with the orbital angular momentum of the binary. This improves by a factor of ∼5 that reported after Advanced LIGO's first observing run.

We present the results of a search for short-duration gravitational-wave transients in the data from the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We search for gravitational-wave transients with a duration of milliseconds to approximately one second in the 32-4096 Hz frequency band with minimal assumptions about the signal properties, thus targeting a wide variety of sources. We also perform a matched-filter search for gravitational-wave transients from cosmic string cusps for which the waveform is well modeled. The unmodeled search detected gravitational waves from several binary black hole mergers which have been identified by previous analyses. No other significant events have been found by either the unmodeled search or the cosmic string search. We thus present the search sensitivities for a variety of signal waveforms and report upper limits on the source rate density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal. These upper limits are a factor of 3 lower than the first observing run, with a 50% detection probability for gravitational-wave emissions with energies of ∼10-9 Mc2 at 153 Hz. For the search dedicated to cosmic string cusps we consider several loop distribution models, and present updated constraints from the same search done in the first observing run.

We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients in the data from the Advanced LIGO second observation run; we search for gravitational-wave transients of 2-500 s duration in the 24-2048 Hz frequency band with minimal assumptions about signal properties such as waveform morphologies, polarization, sky location or time of occurrence. Signal families covered by these search algorithms include fallback accretion onto neutron stars, broadband chirps from innermost stable circular orbit waves around rotating black holes, eccentric inspiral-merger-ringdown compact binary coalescence waveforms, and other models. The second observation run totals about 118.3 days of coincident data between November 2016 and August 2017. We find no significant events within the parameter space that we searched, apart from the already-reported binary neutron star merger GW170817. We thus report sensitivity limits on the root-sum-square strain amplitude hrss at 50% efficiency. These sensitivity estimates are an improvement relative to the first observing run and also done with an enlarged set of gravitational-wave transient waveforms. Overall, the best search sensitivity is hrss50%=2.7×10-22 Hz-1/2 for a millisecond magnetar model. For eccentric compact binary coalescence signals, the search sensitivity reaches hrss50%=9.6×10-22 Hz-1/2.

The surrounding agricultural lands in the city have been decreasing daily due to the expansion of urbanisation above it and the increase in the urbanisation rate in the study area, as the population growth exerted increasing pressures on the city. Furthermore, the increase in population increases the demand for land for housing and other human services, which will impact agricultural lands. In addition, the lack of proper planning in the city contributes to expanding urbanisation at the expense of agricultural land. This study aims to study the urban expansion in the direction of agricultural lands in Erbil from the year 2000 until 2020, reveal the reasons for the urban expansion in the city and put an end to the trespassers on the lands and it has negative impact on the lack of agricultural areas and the encroachment of urbanisation on it. Landsat TM 5 and Landsat 8 OLI will be used to identify and develop urban growth and its impacts on agriculture and some Remote sensing Data and GIS from 2000 to 2020 with 10 years difference to find the changes in these years and also provide a predicted map for Erbil governorate. The study recommended the necessity of preparing a strategic plan for the use of agricultural lands that regulates the urban development process of the population centres and achieves the appropriate and sustainable use of agricultural lands and their preservation. Encouraging the investment of lands and cultivation of crops to meet the population's need for vegetables and other crops. The findings of this study will help decision-makers develop future urbanisation policies, and it is worthwhile to investigate them further. The prediction model will demonstrate whether built-up areas will continue to grow or not and whether the average agricultural areas will continue to shrink based on regression analysis. Planning effective urban environmental management can benefit from this type of forecast of the LULC picture in the future.

Objective: This study investigates the effect of convalescent plasma (CP) addition to the standard treatment on mortality in critical coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted by evaluating the data of 255 critical COVID-19 patients in Marmara University Medical Faculty Hospital, Pandemic Intensive Care Unit (ICU), between April and November 2020. Results: The patients were divided into two groups, a control group that received standard treatment (153; 60.0%) versus a second group that received CP in addition to standard treatment (102; 40.0%). The ICU mortality rate was found to be lower (p

The Turkish Straits are critical waterways connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. About 38,552 and 43,343 ships pass through the Strait of Istanbul and Strait of Canakkale annually, respectively, and their emissions into the air pose a threat to the regional and global environment, as well as to the people of the region. Herein, the effects of the declaration of the Sea of Marmara as an emission control area and the use of alternative fuels by ships on emission formation were examined. For this purpose, the data of the ships passing through the Turkish Straits were obtained, the engine powers were calculated based on the gross registered tonnage values of these ships, and the emission values were reached. Declaring the Sea of Marmara as an emission control area provides an 80% and 76% reduction in sulfur and nitrogen oxides, respectively. Carbon emissions remained the same. The use of liquefied natural gas dramatically reduces carbon emissions. Alternative fuels, especially liquefied natural gas, effectively reduce sulfur oxide emissions. Despite these positive effects, there seem to be many years ahead of the widespread use of alternative fuels due to the lack of technical and economic infrastructure. Thus, the declaration of the Sea of Marmara as an emission control area will positively affect both the population in the region and the region's environment.

Introduction: After total laryngectomy, decreased olfactory function and olfactory bulb volume shrinkage have been reported to occur due to olfactory deprivation caused by nasal airflow interruption. There is evidence that the olfactory system can be modulated by repeated exposure to odors in a procedure called olfactory training. However, it is not known whether any recovery of the lost olfactory bulb volume is possible by eliminating olfactory deprivation via olfactory rehabilitation long after laryngectomy. Objective: This study examined the recovery of olfactory function and the change in olfactory bulb volume via long-term olfactory rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. Methods: Possible causes of olfactory dysfunction in the study participants were evaluated by collecting detailed anamnesis. As olfactory tests, orthonasal butanol threshold and odor discrimination tests were performed. Three-dimensional olfactory bulb volumes were calculated using manual segmentation on T2-weighted coronal magnetic resonance images. In olfactory rehabilitation, four different odors were applied to all patients orthonasally, using a larynx bypass technique for 30 min per day for 6 months. Olfactory tests were performed before the rehabilitation and after 6 months of rehabilitation, and olfactory bulb volume measurements were performed using magnetic resonance images. Results: Eleven patients diagnosed with advanced laryngeal cancer who underwent total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy with a follow-up of 5–10 years were included in the study. All patients were male, and the mean age was 58.18 ± 4.17 years. In total laryngectomized patients, the olfactory bulb volumes measured on magnetic resonance images were 42.25 ± 12.8 mm3 before and 55.5 ± 11.22 mm3 after rehabilitation, and this increase was highly significant. Olfactory test scores were 2.3 ± 1.27 before and 4.39 ± 0.86 after rehabilitation, and this increase was also highly significant. Conclusion: As a result of the olfactory rehabilitation applied by providing orthonasal air flow, the olfactory function lost after total laryngectomy was improved considerably, and the olfactory bulb volume was significantly increased. The increase in olfactory bulb volume in total laryngectomy patients via olfactory rehabilitation to eliminate olfactory deprivation due to nasal airflow interruption was demonstrated for the first time in this prospective longitudinal study.

The paradigm shift in the understanding of public administration has brought some changes in disaster management as well. Instead of a command-control-based centralized and bureaucratic disaster management approach that requires bureaucratic expertise, a multi-actor and solidarist disaster management approach, in which authorities and responsibilities are not constructed from top to bottom, has gained weight. In this context, it was determined as the problem of the research that "determining which of the centralist/bureaucratic disaster management and multi-actor/solidarity disaster management models are mainly applied in disaster management policies", and in this context, "decision-making authority and implementation responsibility regarding disaster management are central government, local governments and how is it shared among non-governmental organizations?”. The answer to this question has been sought. The research includes the analysis of the 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake, which was recorded as the deadliest earthquake among the earthquakes that occurred in the world in 2020, in the form of content analysis with the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 20 program, which is used in the analysis of qualitative and mixed methods. The data used in the research: 30-31 October and 1 November belonging to the official Twitter accounts of the Izmir Governor's Office and the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency within the scope of the central government, and AKUT and IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation within the scope of the non-governmental organizations of the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality and Seferihisar Municipality within the scope of local administrations. It includes posts from 2020. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that the multi-actor/solidarist disaster management approach is included in the policy documents, but in the event of a disaster, the authority and responsibility are mainly carried out under the control of the central government.

In 2017, the concepts of orthogonal set and orthogonal metric spaces are presented. And an extension of Banach fixed point theorem is proved in this type metric spaces. Further in 2019, on orthogonal metric spaces, some fixed point theorems via altering distance functions are investigated. In this paper, presence and uniqueness of fixed points of the generalizations of contraction principle via auxiliary functions are investigated. And some consequences and an illustrative example are presented. On the other hand, homotopy theory constitute an important area of algebraic topology, but the application of fixed point results in orthogonal metric spaces to homotopy has not been done until now. As a different application in this field, the homotopy application of the one of the corollaries is given at the end of this paper.

The aim of this theoretical investigation is to seek any similarities between the Austin model and the Kotake–Kanda (KK) model for the specific breakage rate function in the population balance model (PBM) used for tumbling ball milling and assess feasibility of the KK model for scale-up. For both models, the limiting behavior for small particle size-to-ball size ratio and the extremum behavior for a given ball size are described by “power-law.” Motivated by this similarity, specific breakage rate data were generated using the Austin model parameters obtained from the lab-scale ball milling of coal and fitted by the KK model successfully. Then, using the Austin’s scale-up methodology, the specific breakage rate was scaled-up numerically for various mill diameter scale-up ratios and ball sizes of 30–49 mm and coal particle sizes of 0.0106–30 mm. PBM simulations suggest that the KK model predicts identical evolution of the particle size distribution to that by the Austin model prior to scale-up. Upon scale-up, the differences are relatively small. Hence, modification of the exponents in the Austin’s scale-up methodology is not warranted for scale-up with the KK model. Overall, this study has established the similarity of both models for simulation and scale-up.

The aim of this experimental research is to assess the impact of a mindfulness‐based empowerment program applied to women who have experienced violence on their levels of self‐compassion, self‐esteem and coping with stress. The study was a randomised controlled trial with a control group. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n1 = 27) and the control group (CG, n2 = 26) from women who had experienced violence. Descriptive statistical methods and t‐tests for dependent and independent groups were employed in data analysis. After the mindfulness‐based empowerment program, the intervention group exhibited a statistically significant high effect size in post‐intervention measurements compared to the control group for the Self‐Compassion Scale, Coopersmith Self‐Esteem Inventory and Coping Styles Scale total and subscale mean scores (p < 0.001). The mindfulness‐based empowerment program has been found to enhance self‐compassion, self‐esteem and coping levels in women who have experienced violence. Therefore, it is recommended to promote the widespread adoption of mindfulness‐based interventions for individuals who have undergone trauma, such as violence, to facilitate their re‐empowerment and functional recovery. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05310656 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods are used during waste management: landfill, incineration, composting, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and recycling etc. In particular, the use of biogas formed through anaerobic digestion in energy production and the energy obtained through the incineration process is very effective in turning the negative effects of wastes into positive ones. In this study, the effects of three different waste management scenarios were examined from a life cycle perspective. According to the results, scenario1 (landfill and incineration), scenario2 (landfill, incineration, and anaerobic digestion), and scenario3 (landfill, anaerobic digestion, and recycle) produced emissions of 3233.1, 328.8, and -848.9 kg of CO2eq, respectively. Accordingly, and in accordance with the results of the previous studies, it is observed that the landfill application gave the worst environmental result, the incineration and anaerobic digestion applications reduce the environmental effects, and the recycling application provides environmental benefits. It is concluded that the best environmental practice is plastic and metal recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, AFT (Air Flow Through) cooling method, which is one of the module level cooling methods of printed circuit boards with high power consuming electronic components, is investigated. This method for cooling electronic components was designed based on the ANSI/VITA 48.8-2017 standard and has been successfully implemented. The plug-in module, which serves as a heat sink, is suitable for a 3U (100*1600mm) form factor. Within the scope of the study, plate-type fins with rectangular cross-section were used. The purpose is to observe the effects of different fin heights due to the use of different pitches on the cooling performance and flow dynamics of the module. In this context, three-dimensional numerical analysis studies were carried out using the FLOEFD package program. The changes in the thermal resistance, pressure drop and average Nusselt number of the module are analyzed under three different fin heights. Experimental studies were carried out to validate the numerical model on which the analyses were performed. Air at 25°C inlet temperature and 1900 ≤ Re ≤ 11700 was used at the air inlet side of the module under a continuous heat load of 100 W. As a result, it was found that the extra heat transfer area provided by increasing the fin height on the module contributed positively to the thermal performance of the module. At the same inlet velocities, 43% lower surface temperature was obtained on the module surface with 1,5 inch pitch. The difference between the data obtained from the experimental studies and the numerical simulation results varied between 5.9% and 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the swelling and degradation behavior of a controlled-release system using gelatin, thymol loading capacity, characterization, morphology, and thymol release level in relation to the recommended therapeutic dose for varroosis control. In this context, a series of hydrogels were first produced using a glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinker and swelling tests were performed. Thymol loading was performed on the appropriate hydrogels, with swelling values between 269% and 431%. Thymol loading efficiency was determined to be between 20.07% and 29.80%. The chemical structures of the hydrogels with and without thymol loading were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and it was determined that thymol was loaded into the structure. The morphological structures of the thymol-loaded and unloaded hydrogels were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the non-thymolloaded hydrogel had larger pores than the thymol-loaded hydrogel. A model release environment and measurement system were developed to predict the release type, level, and duration of the controlled release system in the hive air environment. In this model release environment, release tests were carried out for four weeks using different thymol application systems and the measurements were compared. As a result, it was found that the controlled thymol release system developed for the control of varroosis showed a more stable release compared to existing application systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate prediction of hourly global solar radiation is critical to solar energy conversion systems selecting appropriate provinces, and even future investment policies. With this viewpoint, the aim of this study is to predict one hour ahead the global solar radiation of six provinces that have different climate regions in Turkey. A deep learning technique based on the LSTM neural network is used for this purpose. To see the success of this proposed model, the deep learning technique GRU, a machine-learning approach ANFIS with FCM, and standard statistical models ARMA, ARIMA, and, SARIMA are also applied. Forecasting models developed to estimate the future values of hourly global solar radiation are based on past time series data. The study discusses four different statistical metrics (MAE, RMSE, NSE, and, R) to determine the success of these algorithms. The results indicate that the R, MAE, NSE, and, RMSE values of the two approaches range from 0.9352 to 0.9806, from 29.0737 to 59.4840 Wh/m2, from 0.6445 to 0.9686 and from 57.4492 to 94.3287 Wh/m2, respectively. The results revealed that the methods used in the study performed satisfactorily in terms of hourly solar radiation estimation, but the LSTM method performed better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]