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A Novel method of the polyaniline dendritic (PANID) fibers by interfacial polymerization of aniline in chloroform (organic phase) and oxidant of ammonium persulfate (APS), Dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBSA) (aqueous phase) were controlled by the presence of surface-active dopants. As synthesized dendritic fibers are directly mixed into the organic paint formulation and applied over the steel surface by brush painting. The morphology of dendritic fibers was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Corrosion prevention of the PANID fibers coatings over the Carbon steel surface was determined by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The impedance values PANID fibers coatings are remained at 10 7 Ώ cm2 even up to 35 day's evaluation whereas the pure epoxy coatings have lost their corrosion protection ability in 3 % NaCl solution. The self-healing ability of PANID fibers coatings cured within 24 h exposure was evaluated by scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET).

A two years old Kathiawar stallion was reported with the history of two, pedunculated hard mass medially on the thigh and hock of the right hind limb, progressively increasing for the past two months. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed fibrosarcoma.The tumour on the medial aspect of the thigh was injected with cisplatin intra-tumorally at a dose rate of 0.3 mg/cm3 of tumour volume and was exposed to ECT. The tumour on the medial aspect of the hock was excised incompletely to preserve skin and subcutaneous tissues around the tumour for wound opposition and treated with intra-tumoral injection of cisplatin followed by ECT. Following electrochemotherapy complete response was noticed onthe 3rd and 4th week for the tumours on the thigh and hock respectively. No recurrence was noticed during the follow-up period of one year revealing ETC with cisplatin as a single treatment and also in combination with surgery is effective for the treatment of fibrosarcoma in equines.

Developing alternative applications for wastes stemming from the processing of industrially applicable crops adds value to industrial crops and limits agricultural land use. Kazak dandelion ( Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; TKS) and Chicory are rich in inulin. In this study, unhydrolyzed inulin-rich chicory and TKS extracts were assessed as substrates for acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) production, using different solventogenic Clostridium species/strains. Extracts from chicory and TKS were rich in inulin (∼42 and 36 g/L respectively). In addition to inulin, the chicory extract also contained glucose (3.5 g/L), sucrose (6.2 g/L), fructose (19.5 g/L), and kestose (6.0 g/L), while the TKS extract contained fructose (28.3 g/L), kestose (2.7 g/L) and an unidentified sugar (2.0 g/L). Among the species/strains tested, Clostridium saccharobutylicum P262 demonstrated superior ability to utilize inulin, with at least 86% and 153% higher cell growth and ABE concentration, respectively, on inulin relative to the other species/strains. With pure commercial inulin, TKS and chicory extracts, C. saccharobutylicum P262 utilized 29.0, 25.2 and 40.5 g/L total sugars respectively, and produced 9.7, 8.5 and 12.5 g/L ABE, respectively. However, when fructose, the major product of inulin hydrolysis was used as the sole substrate, cell growth and ABE production by C. saccharobutylicum P262 were at least 74% and 83% lower, respectively, relative to the other species tested. These results demonstrate the suitability of C. saccharobutylicum P262 for butanol production from unhydrolyzed plant inulin and also identify limited fructose utilization as a potential metabolic engineering target for improving the fermentability of unhydrolyzed inulin-rich plant extracts to butanol.

Estuaries receive a considerable amount of pollutants from various sources. Presently an attempt has been made to assess whether the aquaculture discharges and dredging activities alter the ecological conditions of Vellar-Coleroon estuarine complex. The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) established a framework for the protection of marine waters. In this commission, a variety of indices were used, among them, AMBI (AZTI Marine Biotic Index) indices along with multivariate statistical approach is unique, to assess the ecological status by using macrobenthic communities. Keeping this in view, stations VE-1 and VE-4 in Vellar; CE-6 and CE-7 in Coleroon estuaries showed moderately disturbed with the AMBI values ranging between 3.45 and 3.72. The above said stations were situated near the shrimp farm discharge point and sites of dredging activities. The present study proves that various statistical and biotic indices have great potential in assessing the nature of the ecosystem undergoing various human pressures.

Understanding and tuning the wettability of the surfaces are highly intriguing for various applications. The development of stable and transparent coatings over aluminium alloys and glass substrates for making them superhydrophobic and extended oleophobic (lower to the surface tension of 33.4 mN/m (coconut oil)) using a scalable and simple spray painting technique is demonstrated. Fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO, fluorine content of 34.4 atomic weight %), an atomically layered material, modified Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer composite is used as the paint for the coatings. The coated films were studied for their surface and compositional features. A water contact angle (CA) of 173.7° (close to the highest ever reported water CA, 175°) is achieved with 60 wt% FGO in PDMS, and the same showing a CA of 94.9° with coconut oil, in conjunction with a low contact angle hysteresis (4°). The work of adhesion with the amount of FGO is studied and the surface energy of FGO containing paints is calculated and compared with the bare paints using Zisman plot analysis.

Different seeds such as barley, wheat and yellow maize were utilized for fodder production by hydroponic method. However, this novel experiment was aimed to study the effect of hydroponic horse gram fodder and hydroponic sun hemp fodder with 50% replacement of concentrate mixture on the growth performance in Tellicherry kids. Sixty male Tellicherry kids at the age of 3 months were randomly divided into 3 groups each having 20 kids' viz. treatment 1 (100% concentrate), treatment 2 (50% concentrate + hydroponic horse gram fodder) and treatment 3 (50% concentrate + hydroponic sun hemp fodder). Palatability trial was conducted for a period of 7 days to assess the maximum intake of hydroponic fodders by the kids. After analyzing the palatability and chemical composition, feeding trial was formulated on as fed basis. Duration of the study was 30 days. Production parameters such as total body weight gain (kg), daily body weight gain (kg), total feed intake/head/30 day (kg) (DM basis) and feed conversion efficiency (%) and cost of feeding were studied. After analysis of collected data, no significant difference was noticed between the groups in terms of total body weight gain, daily body weight gain, total feed intake/head/30 day on DM basis and feed conversion efficiency. Cost of feeding/animal was lower in sun hemp fodder fed groups. Thus, hydroponic horse gram fodder and sun hemp fodder can be used as an alternative for concentrate mixture in the feed ration of Tellicherry kids.

To evaluate the feasibility of using industrial starchy food wastes as alternative feedstocks for fermentative production of butanol, 34 different food waste samples were obtained from 10 major Ohio food manufacturing companies. Of the food waste samples, 8 were characterized for acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) production. The food waste samples were characterized for moisture, total solids, ash, nitrogen, total organic carbon (TOC), pH, calorific value, minerals and starch content. Results showed that the pH of inedible dough and breadings was in the acceptable substrate pH range (pH 6.2–7.4) for culturing solventogenic Clostridium species, whereas the pH of batter liquid was 4.5, hence, adjusted to pH 6.5 with NH4OH prior to fermentation. Further, batch fermentations by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 using inedible dough, breadings, and batter liquid as substrates generated the following maximum ABE concentrations: 14.4, 14.8 and 15.1 g/L ABE, respectively, which is comparable to the glucose control. Besides, the ABE yield from inedible dough and batter liquid was over 2% better than that of the glucose control. Collectively, these results demonstrate that industrial starchy food waste is a viable alternative substrate for butanol production.

This paper presents a novel design procedure for the coordinated tuning of rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter (GSC) controllers of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine system. The RSC and GSC controller parameters are determined by simultaneously optimizing the controller performance indices. The performance indices considered are maximum peak overshoot (MPOSω), settling time (Tssω) of the generator speed and the maximum peak overshoot (MPOSVdc), maximum peak undershoot (MPUSVdc) and settling time (TssVdc) of DC link voltage. The coordinated controller design is carried out in two steps. First step is to arrive at the analytical expression that relates the performance indices and the controller parameters. This is achieved using response surface methodology (RSM) thereby saving significant computational time. In the second step the determination of controller parameters is posed as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. The constrained multiobjective optimization problem is solved using NSGAII (nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II). The proposed methodology is tested on a sample system with DFIG based WECS. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Incipient nanoporous texture was developed by phosphoric acid anodization (PAAO) process on AA2024 specimen. The developed oxide layer was modified with low surface energy material fluoroalkyl-silane (FAS-13) by simple immersion technique to improve the hydrophobic property of the surface. Atomic force microscopy results showed that there was a significant reduction (30 pct) in surface roughness due to the aging of PAAO. The water contact angle measurement revealed that there was a gradual increase in WCA from 130 to 160 deg due to the aging of PAAO. A systematic composition analysis was carried out to understand the interfacial chemical reaction and also to differentiate the coating formation mechanism between the natural and artificial aging processes. The potentiodynamic polarization results revealed that the superhydrophobic (SH) surface exhibited about 15 and 4 times improved corrosion resistance compared to bare specimen and PAAO, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results also showed the improved corrosion inhibition behavior of vacuum heat-treated and FAS-modified SH surface among the developed coatings.

SUMMARY This paper presents an optimum design procedure for the coordinated tuning of machine side converter (MSC) and grid side converter (GSC) controllers of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The MSC and GSC controller parameters are determined by simultaneously optimizing the performance indices. The performance indices considered are maximum peak overshoot (MPOSω) and settling time (Tssω) of the generator speed and the maximum peak overshoot (MPOSVdc), maximum peak undershoot (MPUSVdc) and settling time (TssVdc) of DC-link voltage. The coordinated controller design is carried out in two steps. The first step is to arrive at the analytical expression that relates the performance indices and the controller parameters. This is achieved using response surface methodology. In the second step, the determination of controller parameters is posed as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The constrained multi-objective optimization problem is solved using non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm II. The proposed methodology is tested on a sample system with PMSG-based WECS, and results are compared with conventional and genetic algorithm-based design techniques. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aim: Vasectomy is performed in deer for population control, maintain pedigreed animals and prevent inbreeding. Conventional procedure of vasectomy required a long-term anesthesia and longer duration of hospitalization, which often result in stress, morbidity and mortality. A study was conducted to capture, neuter and release the deer with minimal hospitalization and stress by adopting three finger palpation technique of vas deferens and performing vasectomy through a key-hole incision. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on three spotted male deer and three sambar male deer, which were immobilized with a mixture of xylazine at the dose of 1.00 mg/kg and ketamine at the dose of 5.00 mg/kg. The vas deferens could be palpated as a piece of cooked spaghetti at the neck of the scrotum on the anterior aspect by three finger palpation technique and was able to fix the vas deferens between the thumb and middle finger. Through a key-hole incision of

This paper presents an optimum design procedure for the coordinated tuning of machine side converter (MSC) and grid side converter (GSC) controllers of grid connected permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Model based predictive controller (MBPC) is used to control the MSC. MBPC based speed control design consists of two steps. A linearized state space model is employed to predict the future output (rotor speed). An optimal control law is derived by minimizing a quadratic performance index that considers the control effort and the difference between the predicted rotor speed and the reference rotor speed. A proportional-integral (PI) controller is used to control the GSC. The MSC and GSC controller parameters are determined by simultaneously optimizing the controller performance indices. The coordinated controller design is carried out in two steps. The analytical expression that relates the performance indices and the controller parameters is arrived using response surface methodology (RS...

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide representing nearly 25% of the population. The study was designed to find the correlation between mammographic screening and histopathology in the diagnosis of malignancy among patients breast disease.Methods: This analytical study was done on 163 patients who came to the General Surgery Out-Patient Department, VMMC, Karaikal were screened. From this, 125 patients who were clinically diagnosed with benign breast disease were further evaluated with mammography. A detailed history, clinical examination, and investigations including mammography, histopathological examination in the operated specimen were done.Results: In the study 10% lump in the central area, 20% in lower inner quadrant, 12% in lower outer quadrant, 22% in upper inner quadrant and 36% in upper outer quadrant. In the study, all the 100 subjects were diagnosed to have a benign lesion in mammogram, in hpe 87% were diagnosed to have benign lesion and 13% were diagnosed to have malignant lesions.Conclusions: Even though BI-RADS 2 and 3 mammography showed the majority of benign lesions, there is an increasing trend of malignancy in higher BI-RADS criteria, on further histopathological examination. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy are very high for mammographic screening.

The restacking of graphene sheets leading to poor electrical conductivity and reduced surface area strongly affects the capacitance properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Many strategies employed to mitigate the restacking issue include the introduction of spacer materials between the graphene layers, hetero atom doping, compositing with metal oxides, etc. Herein, we report the enhancement of the capacitance properties of RGO by the addition of a small amount of redox active compounds, such as benzoquinone, KI, and NaI in the electrolyte. RGO is prepared by chemical exfoliation of graphite followed by a hydrothermal reduction in the presence of a small amount of hydrazine hydrate. The quality of prepared RGO is examined by microscopic and Raman spectroscopic studies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies reveal doping of 1.97 atomic weight % of nitrogen in RGO. The specific capacitance values of 105, 244, 322 and 414 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 are obtained for RGO in 0.25 M H2SO4 and 0.25 M H2SO4 containing 0.05 M of NaI, KI and benzoquinone, respectively. The enhancement in the specific capacitance of RGO is attributed to the reversible redox reaction of the additives. Interestingly, the mechanism of charge storage of RGO in NaI and KI containing electrolytes is different. Owing to rather slow kinetics of redox reaction of electrolyte additives, the rate performance of RGO has slightly compromised in redox active electrolytes.

Introduction: Vascular complications post-operative to a total hip arthroplasty are a very rare phenomenon. Only a few isolated cases have been reported to date. Diagnosis of such a case in a timely manner so as to preserve the limb is also difficult due to the subtle signs with which the patient presents. We report a case of complete occlusion of the common femoral artery following total hip arthroplasty due to acute thrombus formation. Case Presentation: A 56 year old Indian male patient underwent a cemented total hip replacement. Three hours post-operatively, the patient’s left lower limb was found to be pale and pulseless. Angiography showed complete occlusion of the left common femoral artery. Thrombectomy was carried out immediately and the patient recovered well. Conclusion: Vascular injuries are highly unusual findings following a total hip arthroplasty. Careful pre-operative and immediate post-operative monitoring of the patient is essential. Signs such as limb ischemia, absence of pulses, etc. must be recognized as early as possible and the necessary investigations and procedures should be carried out without any delay.