Search

Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a relatively new berry crop in North America, and little research exists regarding its postharvest storage characteristics or storage life. Postharvest changes in berry quality, and principal factors limiting storage life at 1.1 °C and 95% relative humidity, were evaluated up to 14 days for three cultivars in 2019 and up to 28 days for six cultivars in 2020. Containerized berries were periodically assessed for soluble solids content (SSC), skin rupture force (SRF) (both 2019 and 2020) and flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), and Brix/acid ratio (B/A) (2020 only). External appearance was also evaluated both years, revealing berry shrivel as the primary factor negatively impacting visual appeal, followed distantly by low incidence of spoilage later in storage. All cultivars exhibited relatively constant postharvest SSC and decreasing SRF, flesh firmness, and TA (resulting in increasing B/A ratio). Postharvest quality differed slightly between years; relative SRF was consistent among cultivars while SSC was not. Some cultivars had a portion of shriveled berries at harvest, pointing to a need for cultivar-specific harvest indices. Mean days to slight shrivel for individual berries varied among cultivars evaluated, ranging from 7.5–21.9 d postharvest, with mean weight loss ranging from 1.2%–1.6% at this stage. Combined with group marketability estimates — set at a threshold of 10% severely shriveled berries — we estimate a storage life of 7–10 d for fresh haskaps. Additional research is needed to delineate maturation physiology and optimize harvest timing.

Aronia, blueberry, Korean raspberry, blackberry, mulberry, and red raspberry fruits cultivated in Korea were evaluated for total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid content. All berries were assayed for antioxidant activities determined as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulphonic acid free radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Individual phenolic compounds in aronia were also identified using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. TPC, TFC, total anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid contents of the fruit samples ranged from 17.05 to 135.55 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (dw), 1.0 to 8.59 mg of rutin equivalent/g dw, 2.55 to 24.43 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/g dw, and 3.14 to 19.45 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/g dw, respec-tively. Aronia and Korean raspberry showed the highest TPC, TFC, and total anthocyanin while red raspberry had the high-est ascorbic acid content. Antioxidant activities showed positive correlations to phenolic and anthocyanin contents suggesting antioxidant activity of berry samples is due to these compounds. Aronia had the highest antioxidant value among fruits.

BACKGROUND The gibberellins (GAs) GA5 (inhibitor of GA3 -oxidase), GA4 (biologically active), GA4/7 (commercially available mixture of Ga4 and GA7 ) prohexadione-calcium (ProCa, inhibitor of dioxygenases that render GAs bioactive, negative control), and GA3 (positive control) were applied to bunches of Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec. Different techniques, doses, and timings were used in a 3-year field experiment. In year 1, GA5 , ProCa, and GA3 were applied at 35, 20, and 0 days before veraison (DBV) by dipping bunches three times. In year 2, single applications of GA5 and GA3 , also by immersion, were tested at 60, 45, and 30 DBV. In year 3, applications at 60 and 30 DBV of GA5 , GA4 , and a mixture of GA4/7 were evaluated by dipping or spraying the bunches. RESULTS Vegetative growth, berry weight, and sugar content were unaffected by treatments. ProCa did not affect the yield with respect to water control, although it reduced the levels of phenolics in berry skins, an undesirable effect for winemaking. GA5 , in the dose range 5-50 mg L-1 , raised berry numbers, thereby augmenting bunch weight and skin phenolics at harvest, so increasing berry quality for winemaking. GA4 and GA4/7 produced similar benefits to GA5 , with similar doses. CONCLUSION The applications of GA5 , GA4 , and GA4/7 to developing grape berry bunches, in a range of concentrations and by dipping or spraying, increased berry numbers per bunch at harvest. The method can be used as a viticultural practice to improve the production and quality of wine grapes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

The purpose of this study is to identify what the perspectives of competitiveness by rural production of acai are, from terra firme and várzea in northeast Pará. Region considered the one that produces the most acai in Brazil. The main objective is to describe a certain sample of producers and to identify and evaluate the competitiveness perspectives of this sample in relation to the competitiveness factors defined in the research, starting from the null hypothesis that there are no significant differences in perspectives between terra firme and várzea producers. The theoretical basis considered for the research is composed of an approach on agrichain and factors of competitiveness. The method used for the execution of the research was the Rapid Appraisal, where a semi-structured questionnaire was prepared for the agents of the acai production chain. The main key agents taken into consideration and characterized were: Producers of acai; intermediaries and representatives of some organizations.

Corema album (L.) D. Don (Ericaceae) is an endemic bush that grows along the Atlantic littoral of the Iberian Peninsula. Its edible white berries (known as camarinas, camarinas, camarinhas, white crowberry, among other vernacular names) have been used in popular medicine as an antipyretic and are consumed in localised areas of Portugal and Spain as appetisers and in the preparation of juices and jams. The aim of the present review is to summarise the knowledge of the chemical composition and pharmacological studies performed with C. album fruit and extracts. These berries are rich in phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonols, flavanones, prenylated flavanone, flavanols, and anthocyanins. The total phenolic content of various extracts of the pulp of these berries has been positively correlated with their antioxidant capacity. In this respect, the treatment with acetone, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts of this fruit has protected HepG2 cells against chemically induced oxidative stress. The chemoprotective effect of these extracts is mediated by preventing reactive oxygen species formation, reduced glutathione depletion, antioxidant enzyme over-activity, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Furthermore, the presence of pentacyclic triterpenes, such as ursolic and oleanolic acids, in C. album berries confers reflectance UV properties to this fruit and derived extracts. In short, existing studies suggest that the development of C. album crops should be considered as a promising opportunity to obtain these remarkable berries. Moreover, further experiments should also be designed to evaluate their in vivo effect and to ascertain the underlying mechanism of action.

The presence and germination rate of Botrytis cinerea conidia on ‘Sauvignon blanc’ grape berries from Pukekohe, New Zealand, was determined over the 2010–11 and 2011–12 growing seasons by means of inoculated berries. Conidia on the inoculated berries were able to germinate and enter the grape berries at any time during the season, albeit at low rates during the early season. In both years, the proportion of germinated conidia increased with berry age/growth stage. Microscopic examinations revealed that B. cinerea conidia germinated on the grape berry surface and hyphae entered the berries directly either between adjoining cells, by penetrating directly through the cell wall, or via appressoria. Penetration of the grape berry surface was highly variable, with some germ tubes penetrating immediately beneath the conidium and others having extended germ tubes. While most germinated conidia appeared to penetrate the berry, a proportion were seen to germinate to form spermatia (phialomicroconidia). Conidial anastomosis (two conidia connected by a short germ tube) was seen on the surface of some berries.

The article provides data on the investigation of the effect of enzymatic catalysis on the technological parameters of apple juice production. Apples are distinguished by the presence of a heterogeneous high-molecular complex of biopolymers, which complicates their processing: it prevents juice output, hinders its clarification, filterability of wine materials and negatively affects the colloidal stability of wines. Enzymatic catalysis based on the action of microbial preparations, contributes in many respects to the successful solution of the problems of intensifying technological processes of fruit and berry raw materials processing and improving the quality of obtained products. Enzyme preparations of complex action, causing deep hydrolysis of high-molecular components of the peel and pulp of fruits, provide a more complete extraction of the liquid fraction, better clarification and filterability of juices. The foothill zone of Adygea has special soil and climatic conditions that affect the formation of physical and chemical characteristics of raw materials. Considering that apple tree occupies the first place in terms of planting area among fruit crops in the Republic of Adygea, an urgent task is to study the effect of enzymatic catalysis on technological properties of juices obtained during the processing of apples grown in these soil and climatic conditions. Enzyme preparations of complex action, recommended for the processing of fruit juices and wine materials, made in France and Germany, have been selected as objects of the research. The results of the studies on the use of enzyme preparations in the processing of apple juices, taking into account their influence on the juice yield and such technological parameters as the speed and quality of clarification, filterability and dynamics of alcoholic fermentation, have been presented. The effect of enzymatic catalysis on the mass concentrations of polysaccharides, starch, total nitrogen and phenolic substances has been studied. A higher hydrolytic activity of the Extrazyme enzyme preparation has been established, when added to the pulp; it contributes to the deep transformation of high-molecular substances and, as a result, to optimize the technological parameters of juice production

Background Main bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions of ripened red ginseng berry (Panax ginseng Meyer) have been frequently reported. Yet, the research gap targeting the beneficial activities of transformed green ginseng berries has not reported elsewhere. Methods Ginsenosides of new green berry cultivar K-1 (GK-1) were identified by HPLC-QTOF/MS. Ginsenosides bioconversion in GK-1 by bgp1 enzyme was confirmed with HPLC and TLC. Then, mechanisms of GK-1 and β-glucosidase (bgp1) biotransformed GK-1 (BGK-1) were determined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot. Results GK-1 possesses highest ginsenosides especially ginsenoside-Re amongst seven ginseng cultivars including (Chunpoong, Huangsuk, Kumpoong, K-1, Honkaejong, Gopoong, and Yunpoong). Ginseng root’s biomass is not affected with the harvest of GK-1 at 3 weeks after flowering period. Then, Re is bio-converted into a promising pharmaceutical effect of Rg2 via bgp1. According to the results of cell assays, BGK-1 shows decrease of tyrosinase and melanin content in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone challenged-murine melanoma B16 cells. BGK-1 which is comparatively more effective than GK-1 extract shows significant suppression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and inflammatory target genes, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion These results reported effective whitening and anti-inflammatory of BGK-1 as compared to GK-1., Graphical abstract Image 1

Active use of berries in regional cuisines underlines gastronomic specifics of Russia. The present study focuses on three regions of Russian Siberia and establishes that edible berries are numerous there and determine specifics of the regional cuisine rooted into the cultural traditions. These cultural and gastronomic traditions developed during four centuries by Russian settlers in Siberia who adapted to severe natural conditions, explored new food resources, and interacted with the local peoples. If so, berries and berry products can be regarded as a kind of ethnic food. Modern berries-based tourism (bacatourism) initiatives and, particularly, berry picking and tasting at you-pick farms and raspberry festival are registered on the study territory. Sellers tend to position berry products as typically Siberian, which permits their use as regional, quasi-ethnic souvenirs. Berries determine significant gastronomic attractiveness of Southern Siberia, and further exploitation of this potential can contribute to sustainable development of this vast territory and maintaining its cultural identity within the broad and diverse Russian space.

Background an increasing number of epidemiological studies highlights a remarkable association between a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and a lower incidence of different inflammatory-related pathologies. Berries represent an interesting source of phytochemicals and nutrients, widely investigated for their role in health promotion and disease prevention. Scope and approach the aim of this review was to summarize and update the effect of different berry extracts, their fractions and single bioactive compounds against the inflammatory status promoted by the Gram-negative bacteria endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The main molecular mechanisms involved have been elucidated, focusing particular attention on the biological response evoked in different in vitro and in vivo models. Key findings and cocnlusions the inhibition of inflammatory response mediated by MAPK and NF-kB is the main molecular pathway involved in berries anti-inflammatory role, especially in grape and blueberry which represent the main investigated fruits, improving antioxidant defence and exerting beneficial effects in the maintenance of healthy conditions in LPS-treated models.

Berries are delicious and nutritious, making them among the popular fruits. There are various types of berries, the most common ones include blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes, and currants. Fresh berries combine high nutritional value and perishability. The processing of berries ensures high quality and enhanced marketability of the product. Sorting, disinfection, and decontamination are essential processes that many types of fruits such as citrus fruits, berries, pomes, and drupes must undergo to ensure improved quality, uniformity, and microbiological safety of the product. Drying and freezing are excellent processing methods to extend the shelf life of berries which also provide new options to the consumer of a wide variety of berries. With the demand for high quality and automatic high-throughput detection of the quality of fruit products, intelligent and rapid detection of various parameters during processing has become the development direction of modern food processing. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of advanced detection technologies, artificial intelligence-based methods for detection and prediction during berry sorting, drying, disinfecting, sterilizing, and freezing processing. These advanced detection techniques include computer vision system, near infrared, hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, electronic nose, and X-ray computed tomography. These artificial intelligence methods include mathematical modeling, chemometrics, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial neural networks. In general, advanced detection techniques incorporating artificial intelligence have not yet penetrated into all aspects of commercial berry processing, which include drying, disinfecting, sterilizing, and freezing processes.

The berries of blackcurrants are commercially important and rich in antioxidants and have a high free radical scavenging capacity. Four controlled fields 1 ha in size were set up in an organic farm...

Background and Aims Knowledge of varietal wine flavour and aroma compounds has improved, but gaps exist concerning how grape composition impacts wine style. This work aimed to explore the influence that different grape tissues can have on the volatile profiles of wines. Methods and Results Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon berries were separated into skin, flesh and seeds. Two sets of fermentations were performed using separated tissues: one using an equal mass of each tissue and another where the amount of each tissue in 25 g of berries was fermented. When an equal mass of tissue was used, the seed-derived wines had a higher concentration of esters than that produced from other grape tissues. Those produced using skins had the highest concentration of lipoxygenase pathway-derived compounds, and, for Riesling, a higher concentration of monoterpenes. When the proportional amounts of each tissue found per berry were used, the flesh-derived wines generally had a higher concentration of many wine volatiles compared to the other tissues. This reflects the greater proportion of flesh tissue in the berry compared to skin and seeds. Conclusions Seed-derived compounds can enhance ester biosynthesis during fermentation and skins appear to have high lipoxygenase pathway activity. Nevertheless, the flesh makes up such a large proportion of the whole berry that it has the major influence on volatile profiles of whole berry fermentations. Significance of the Study Different berry tissues can alter wine composition in unique ways, and this can inform strategies to alter wine composition through vineyard management or the selection of new germplasm.

The impact of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) on Vitis vinifera L. manifests predominantly as reductions in gas exchange, berry total soluble solids, and anthocyanins. Disease management is currently restricted by incomplete understanding of virus spread and is thus limited to vine removal. The present study investigated the potential of irrigation and cluster thinning to improve fruit quality in GRBV-infected Pinot noir vines. Two irrigation levels – grower standard and supplemental (2x grower standard) – were applied in a factorial combination with two cluster thinning levels – thinned to one cluster/shoot (at peppercorn-sized berries) and non-thinned (control) – on two different rootstocks: Riparia Gloire and 3309C. Vine growth, disease severity, and fruit composition were observed for three years in order to understand the potential effects of the treatments on GRBV-infected vines. Supplemental irrigation attenuated the proportion of red leaves, but thinning did not have a consistent effect. Supplemental irrigation increased yield by 16-23% and berry mass by 9-10% between rootstocks. Thinning clearly decreased yield, but it also increased berry mass by 4-11% between rootstocks. Supplemental irrigation increased gas exchange in 2020 yet thinning slightly reduced gas exchange. These impacts on gas exchange did not affect total soluble solids in the fruit at harvest. Increases in berry sugar content indicate that sugar import increased commensurately with berry size as a function of both increased irrigation and cluster thinning. Crop load (Ravaz index) exhibited a correlation with berry sugar for the Riparia Gloire rootstock only, suggesting that crop load adjustment has a limited impact on ripening for GRBV-infected vines. Neither irrigation nor thinning significantly impacted anthocyanin concentration and the impact on other secondary metabolites was inconsistent. The respective increase or decrease in yield may determine whether the limited improvements of supplemental irrigation and thinning on fruit quality in GRBV-infected vines are beneficial.

In terms of production volume, nutritional value and consumption level, potatoes in Kazakhstan are among the priority crops. The area of potatoes in the republic reached 210 thousand hectares, the gross harvest exceeded 4 million tons. However, average yields are still low (18-19 t / ha). In increasing the productivity of potatoes, the selection of highly productive varieties is of great importance. The agro-climatic potential of the regions of Kazakhstan favors the cultivation of a wide variety of potato varieties. In this case, it is necessary to use potato varieties approved for use for a particular region. More than 120 varieties of potatoes are included in the "State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use in the Republic of Kazakhstan", of which about 55% are of foreign breeding. For the southeast of Kazakhstan, about 30 foreign varieties have been approved for use. However, most of them do not possess a set of economically useful properties. In this aspect, it is necessary to create varieties that differ in many valuable traits. For potato farms, along with productivity, quality indicators and preservation during storage, resistance to harmful diseases and stress factors of the external environment are also of great importance. Therefore, studies on the study of adaptive properties and the assessment of economically valuable traits of new potato varieties are highly relevant, which led to this work. In the conditions of the foothill zone of the southeast of Kazakhstan, at the scientific station of the laboratory of selection, seed production and biotechnology of potatoes of the Regional branch "Kainar" LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing" a variety study of potatoes was carried out. In 2018-2020, 39 varieties of potatoes of foreign selection and 14 somaclones obtained by the method of cell selection from foreign varieties Aladdin and Nevsky were tested. The process of berry formation, heat resistance, drought resistance, resistance to dangerous diseases, productivity, preservation and susceptibility of tubers during storage were evaluated. Out of 39 foreign varieties of potatoes, 7 were selected. The varieties Dontsovskiy and Detskoselskiy showed high resistance to drought. The varieties Buran, Asteriks, Slavyanka, Yantary and Osen showed high heat resistance. In terms of yield, the 7 varieties that stood out exceeded the domestic variety Edem by 5.6-10.3 t/ha. Additional yields amounted to; Buran variety - 10.3 t/ha (46.61%), Slavyanka - 9.0 t/ha (40.72%), Yantarny - 9.8 t/ha (44.34%), Dolphin - 10, 0 t/ha (45.25%), Dontsovsky - 5.6 t/ha (25.34%), Colombo - 7.4 t/ha (33.48%), Osen - 8.1 t/ha (36.65%). The varieties Dontsovskiy (Russia) - 89.9-91.4%, Colombo (Holland) - 89.3-91.8% showed high preservation in 2 storage seasons. The disease incidence of tubers ranged from 0.6% (Dontsovsky) to 10.3% (Russet Burbank). Based on the research results for potato farms in the southeast of Kazakhstan, it is recommended to cultivate highly productive foreign varieties of potatoes - Buran, Dolphin, Dontsovsky, Colombo, Osen, Slavyanka and Yantarny.

Heterogeneity among grape berries directly affects wine quality and restricts the wine grape industry’s development. To study the heterogeneous development of Vitis amurensis berries, the morphology and physiology of three different types—large berry, medium berry, and live green ovary (LGO)—in the same clusters of wine-making cultivar ‘Shuangfeng’ were monitored at different growth stages from June to September. External differences in berry development were distinguishable at 12 days after full bloom (DAF). The pedicel, berry size, fresh weight, and seed length of the medium berries were intermediate between those of large berries and LGOs. Seeds are crucial for fruit set and normal berry development. The activity levels of soluble acid invertase and cell-wall-bound acid invertase in large berries increased earlier, at 18 DAF, than the accumulation of sugar. Abscisic acid concentrations in medium berries and LGOs were greater than that in large berries at 18 DAF. The greater endogenous indole-3-acetic acid concentration in the medium berries compared with LGOs might protect the former from abscission.

This experiment was carried out at the Experimental Orchard of Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture during two successive seasons 2018 and 2019 on 13 years old grapevines of White Banaty (Thompson Seedless) grape cultivar. The experiment aimed to examine the effect of GA3 at different concentration (10, 20, 40 ppm and 10 + 20 + 40 ppm) and caffeic acid as alternative, safety compound at different concentration (1, 2, 3 g / litter and 1 + 2 + 3 g/Litter) on yield and fruit quality of Thompson Seedless grape cultivar. The obtained results revealed that spraying the clusters with GA3 at 10 + 20 + 40 ppm gave the highest values of yield components and increased total acidity % while it decreased fruit quality. On the other hand, spraying caffeic acid at 2 g/Litter at full bloom was effective in improving yield, bunch, berry weight and berry quality. This study concluded that the beneficial effects of spraying caffeic acid (CA) at 2 g/Litter at full bloom as a new alternative compound to improve yield and fruit quality of White Banaty (Thompson Seedless) grape cultivar. This study concluded that the beneficial effects of spraying caffeic acid (CA) at 2 g/Litter at full bloom as a new alternative compound to improve yield and fruit quality of White Banaty (Thompson Seedless) grape cultivar. Key words: GA3, Caffeic acid, Thompson Seedless (White Banaty), Grape vine.

The kiwi berry (Actinidia arguta) is a new product on the market that expanding worldwide acceptance and consumption. This widespread interest has created an increasing demand to identify the nutritional and health benefits of kiwi berry. Many studies are being actively conducted to investigate the composition and health‐promoting effects of kiwi berry. In this study, the phytochemical content of free and bound fractions of eight kiwi berry varieties were systematically investigated in order to better understand the potential of this superfood crop. Nine phenolic monomers were identified and quantified by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐PAD. Antioxidant activity was further determined via peroxyl radical scavenging capacity and cellular antioxidant activity assays. The free extracts had higher phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities than the corresponding bound extracts among the eight kiwi berry varieties. Bivariate Pearson's and multivariate correlation analyses showed that antioxidant activities were most related to the total phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin C, and phenolic acids contents. The results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of kiwi berry varieties and the utilization of functional foods., This study aimed to assess and summarize the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of eight common kiwi berry varieties in China, exploring their potential functional properties in foodstuffs. The results demonstrate the differences in phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities among different kiwi berry varieties, which will help to form useful guidance for plant breeders, food scientists, and consumers to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of kiwi berry varieties and the development and utilization of functional foods.

Berry tea is a perennial vine. Its scientific name is ampelopsis grossedentata. It belongs to vitaceae and is widely spread in the Tujia people of Xiangxi, Hunan Province. By adopting appropriate agricultural planting technology, rational use of organic selenium fertilizer and nutritional conditioner, we can produce high-quality berry tea with more healthy and even medicinal value and high selenium content, and realize double protection of human health with high selenium content and high flavonoids. Under the existing planting system, through the supplement of breeding links, constructing ecological recycling agricultural system combining planting and raising, not only can greatly enrich the supply of table agricultural products, but also can effectively ensure the high quality and high safety of agricultural products, and can effectively enrich the local agricultural industrial structure. Key words: berry tea; selenium-enriched; ecological agriculture; industrial revitalization and economic development

Purpose.To improve the elements of the technology for growing tomato hybrids by the method of low-volume hydroponics in glass greenhouses in the conditions of IV light zone of Ukraine. Conduct an economic and biological assessment and establish the response of new F1tomato hybrids to environmental factors; study the dynamics of fruiting of F1tomato hybrids and determine the most early-ripening and productive ones; determine influence of plant productivity on the dynamics of yield formation and tomato productivity when grown by the method of low-volume hydroponics in glass greenhouses; choose a method for the formation of grafted plants. Methods.Laboratory production experiments were carried out during 2015–2017. In glass winter greenhouses of “Venlo” type in Private Joint Stock Company “Combine “Teplychnyi” (Kalynivka village, Brovary district, Kyiv region), located in IV light zone of Ukraine. Standard statistical me­t­hods were used to analyze the research results. Results.The dynamics of yield growth and monthly yield under the influence of the methods of plant stem formation were analyzed. The studies were carried out during 2015–2017 in block hydro­ponic winter greenhouses of “Venlo” type. Yield analysis revealed the advantage of the option of forming two stems after the 3rdracemeon every second plant in the mat and after 9th one on every fourth plant in the mat. The obtained research results indicate a significant increase in the total yield with new methods of plant formation. The formation of two stems in plants after the 3rdracemeon every second plant and after 9th one on every fourth plant in the mat contributed to an increase in yield by 9.45 kg/m2(or 16.9%), which will significantly increase the economic effect of the technology of growing greenhouse tomatoes. Analysis of the biochemical composition of tomatoes did not reveal significant diffe­rences between the variants with different methods of plant formation. Conclusions.When growing a hybrid ‘Merlis F1’, it is advisable to apply the formation of plants according to the following scheme: in two stems after the 3rdracemeon every second plant in the mat and after the 9th one on every fourth plant in the mat. In this case, the plant bears maximum fruit, and high productivity of one plants, due to the formation of a larger number of fruits, provides a high early yield at the level of 31.7 kg/m2. The highest total yield on average over the years of research (65.3 kg/m2) was obtained when plants were formed in two stems after the 3rdracemeon every se­cond plant in the mat and after the 9th one on every fourth plant in the mat. Analysis of the biochemical composition did not reveal a significant difference between the variants.

Introduction. Forest berry plants are popular on the food market and in pharmacy for their high nutritional and medicinal value. Plantations of forest berry plants can proliferate on unused lands, including depleted peatlands. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective method for obtaining large quantities of high quality planting material. Light-emitting diodes are highly effective for clonal micropropagation. The research objective was to study the effect of different spectral ranges on the process of root formation of forest berry plants in vitro. Study objects and methods. The research featured regenerant plants of half-highbush blueberry, arctic bramble, American cranberry, European cranberry, lingonberry, and Kamchatka bilberry of different cultivars. A set of experiments made it possible to study the effect of lighting type on the growth and development of the root system of forest berry plants in vitro using white fluorescent lamps, white spectrum LED lamps, and LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra at the in vitro rooting stage of clonal micropropagation. Results and its discussion. The largest number (3.4–14.6 pcs.) and the maximum total length (10.0–156.9 cm) of roots were observed under LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra. The effect was by 1.1–2.8 and 2.0–4.5 times higher than in the case of white-spectrum LED lamps, and by 2.3–7.0 and 3.3–14.9 times than in the case of fluorescent lamps. Variety and shape proved to have no significant effect on biometric indicators. Conclusion. LED lamps had a positive effect on the process of rhizogenesis of forest berry plants during clonal micropropagation. They appeared to be more effective than fluorescent lamps. The combination of white, blue, and red spectra increased the biometric parameters of plants at the stage of in vitro rooting.

The paper presents the kinetics of two-step ellagitannin (ET) extraction with an aqueous acetone solution from two technological types of pomace from selected berry fruits of the Rosaceae family. ETs were identified and quantified using HPLC–MS and HPLC–DAD. The results revealed the extraction kinetics of total ETs, their high and low molecular weight fractions (≤ 1569 Da and > 1569 Da), and individual ETs characteristic of the examined fruits. ET extraction proceeded at a faster rate in the first step, regardless of the tested pomace. For all pomace variants, the mean extraction half time t1/2 was 48 min in the first step and 70 min in the second step. The fruit species and the technological type of pomace were not found to exert a definite effect on the kinetics of ET extraction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the molecular weight of ETs did not influence the kinetics of their extraction, either. It was shown that the technological type of pomace had a significant impact on the extraction rate of both low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) ETs in the first extraction step, with the mean t1/2 being 44 min for pomace from juice production and 63 min for pomace from puree production.

La fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) es un alimento exquisito, que proporciona beneficios a la salud, por lo que es la frutilla de mayor producción y exportación en México. Sin embargo, es altamente perecedera, susceptible de sufrir daños en poscosecha, por Botrytis cinerea y Rhizopus stolonifer, entre otros. El uso de plaguicidas en precosecha es la estrategia de control de estos patógenos; no obstante, está documentado que los plaguicidas dañan la salud humana y al ecosistema, lo que muestra la necesidad de estudiar alternativas amigables. El quitosano grado reactivo (QGR) es un polímero inocuo con actividad antifúngica ampliamente reportada, mientras que el octanoato de sodio (8:0) (OS) también tiene esta propiedad; sin embargo, hasta el momento se desconoce si el quitosano grado comercial (QGC) disponible en México, tiene el mismo efecto. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad de QGR y el compósito QGR-OS en la protección de fresa en poscosecha y compararla con la de QGC y el compósito QGC-OS. Los compuestos se asperjaron sobre los frutos y se incubaron simulando las condiciones de exportación. Los resultados mostraron reducción significativa de la severidad y la incidencia de las enfermedades fúngicas de fresa en poscosecha luego de la aplicación de QGR, QGC y QGR-OS, QGC-OS, no así del OS aplicado solo. El QGC y el compósito QGC-OS son excelentes candidatos para ser utilizados en un estudio comercial de mayor alcance.

The author gives the list of 33 species of wild edible berry plants of Magadan region and Chukotkaautonomous district with short information about edibility and life form. The annual biological stock of berries is definedfor the whole territory and utilization area along with possible average volume of collecting. The yearly volumes of stockingof wild berry in 1966–1995 are presented.

Quantitative evaluation of the horticultural crops has high importance to identify cultivars, describe the effect of the growing location and cultivation technology or define consumer's preference regarding the size and shape. Fruit traits of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) are mainly described by the bunch and berry morphology notably bunch and berry size, weight and shape. Ampelographers particularly evaluate the berry based on the seed number as it influences size and consumers' decision. In this study, berry morphological traits of the grapevine cultivar ‘Italia’ was investigated based on digital image analysis. Samples were collected from two vineyards in Hungary with different ecological and cultivation circumstances. Altogether 12 traits were investigated: weight, seed number, size and shape attributes. Results showed that berry morphological traits – except from the shape attributes – are not differing between the two sampling locations. In accordance with previous studies, seed number – ranging from 0 to 4 – had noticeable effect on the size attributes.

The transition to a highly productive and environmentally friendly agricultural sector, the development and implementation of systems for the rational use of mineral fertilizers for obtaining safe and high-quality, including functional, food products is one of the main tasks allocated by the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin. Due to this decree, the theory of mineral nutrition has received rapid development in recent decades within scientific and technological progress in the field of analytical chemistry and physics, molecular biology, and genetics. Information on various physiological and biochemical functions of plant nutrients has been obtained, and the regularities of the distribution of elements in various parts of plants and fruits (berries) have been also generalized. The main forms of nutrients in the soil and the factors determining the bioavailability of macro and micronutrients have been identified. The aim of this research paper is to produce a biodegradable fertilizer where Azofoska Universal (N16: P16: K16) was uniformly coated within layer size by water-soluble biopolymer through continuous flow reactor V-star. The obtained samples were further tested and compared to well-known American analog slow-released fertilizer TAGROW on berry plants under greenhouse conditions within, berry root plant volume, stress resistance of plants, yield, the resulting fruits were studied for sugar levels using an RHB-32ATC refractometer. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy data for obtained biopolymer coated Azafoska Universal is illustrated in this research.

We report a study of 23 redcurrant cultivars of different genetic and geographical origin from the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery’s genetic repository under the conditions of Moscow Region. The cultivar productivity was evaluated against the most important criteria of brush length, number of flowers and inception under contrasting weather conditions. A high cultivar resistance was registered to winter-born injuries and phytopathogens, including powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca morsuvae (Schw.) Berk. et Curt.), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria ribis Desm.) and anthracnose (Pseudopeziza ribis Kleb.). The established productivity under satisfactory weather conditions in growing season ranges from 1.75 (Kaskad) to 3.5 kg berries per bush (Serpantin, Yarkaya, Zametnaya), in most samples averaging to medium values of 2.7-3.0 kg. The inception rate was highest to exceed 60 % in Niva, Asya, Marmeladnitsa, Rote Spatleze, Serpantin, Yarkaya and Zametnaya. The most large-fruited with a 0.75 g average berry weight were Zadunayskaya and Niva cultivars. Serpantin, Yarkaya and Zametnaya originated by the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery are recommended in selection for productivity for total marketing value, A concise cultivar morphobiological profile, origin, ripening period, chemical fruit composition, vigour and growth descriptions are provided.

In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38. Two commercial biocontrol products (BPs), served as standards of comparison, Amylo-X® and Serenade Max®, also based on Bacillus BCA strains. The main mode of action quantified for all the strains was antibiosis due to hydrosoluble and volatile metabolites and their combinations. The BUZ-14 strain was the most active BCA strain, demonstrating significant disease reduction exceeding 60 % when used in the culture form grown in 863 medium, including living cells (LCs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS). Both BPs exhibited significantly reduced efficacy of their CFS fraction (< 10 %) compared with that of the two BCA strains, confirming their high antibiosis potential. The novel methodology allowed us to demonstrate the significant effect of the BCA culture medium on volatilome (VOC) antagonist efficacy. The S38 strain achieved the highest disease reduction (90 %) owing to the greatest production of VOCs in the richest MOLP (Medium Optimum Lipopetide Production) culture medium, whereas grape juice was the least favourable medium for VOC efficacy for both bacterial strains (BUZ14 and S38). The overall poor activity of living Bacillus cells in all the BCA and BPs tested is discussed based on the low capacity of the BCA strains to grow in the berry. Then, the presence of living cells is also discussed with the possibility that these cells are not required in field applications of such BCA strains in this genus. Moreover, different environmental suboptimal conditions, including temperature (22 and 27 °C) and relative humidity (RH) (100 and 85–95 %), were tested, and BUZ-14 exhibited the highest Botrytis reduction at both temperatures and RH values. However, no significant differences were observed between temperatures or RH values for the same BCA. Further studies in vineyard conditions and applications, such as biofumigation or active packaging, will be performed to confirm the new findings reported in this investigation.

The postharvest life of table grape is restricted by quality deterioration from harvest to retail, mainly due to water loss, accelerated berry softening, pathogen attract and senescence. Preharvest cultivation practices, as well as postharvest treatments, are effective on postharvest life of the grape. Remarkable part of the grapevines experience seasonal or long term drought stress across the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to reveal the quality response of stem detached berries of ‘Alphonse Lavallee’ table grapes during cold storage as influenced by preharvest sustained deficit irrigation (DI) and postharvest UV‑C irradiation as non-chemical disinfection method. The soilless grown experimental grapevines in protected cultivation were divided into two lines as full irrigation (maintaining the substrate water holding capacity at 100%) and DI (fifty percent of FI) sustained during the vegetation in glasshouse. The representative berries from each irrigation practices were stored with or without UV‑C postharvest irradiation at 1 ± 0.5 °C, 80–90% RH during 21 d. Berry visual quality did not change up to the 14th d of storage across the grapes, while the berries underwent noticeable decreases in visual quality after the 14th d, except for FI plus UV‑C treatments. UV‑C helped to maintain the moisture content and skin rupture force of the stemless berries during the storage. Color, SSC, acidity and pH values of the stored berries did not display considerable response to UV‑C. In certain cases, antioxidant and total phenol were considerably higher in the must of the berries subjected to UV‑C. Overall, postharvest UV‑C irradiation retained the loss in physical and biochemical properties of minimally processed table grape and thus it would be recommadable for both DI and FI grapes.

Anecdotal evidence suggested heat stress in grapevines can be reduced if vines are fully irrigated during a heat stress but only a few cultivars have been evaluated. Accordingly, Vitis vinifera L. ...

BackgroundImproving the nutritional condition of grapevine in spring to regulate bloom, fruit set, and yield is among the management goals of vineyards.MethodsIn the present study, the early season spray of calcium sulfate (C; 0.00 and 2.00%), potassium sulfate (K; 0.00 and 3.00%), and agricultural grade mineral oil (V; 0.00 and 1.00%) on flower and fruit phenology, nutrient concentration, and cluster biophysical indices and yield of Sultana grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) were investigated for two consecutive years.ResultsBased on the results, the spray of this nutrient combined with mineral oil significantly affected all the treatments except cluster length, berry length, and phosphorus concentration. The highest concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1, and the highest concentrations of zinc and iron were obtained only in the vines treated with mineral oil. In treatments containing mineral oil, especially in combination with the second level of calcium and potassium (V1K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were delayed by 3, 3, and 6 days compared with control vines. While in vines treated with a combination of the second level of potassium and calcium (V0K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were advanced by 5, 4, and 1.50 days, respectively, compared with control vines. Regarding the biophysical indices of the cluster, it was found that the vines treated with V1K1C1had higher cluster weight, berry weight, fruit, and raisins yield than other treatments. Also, the highest berry quality, including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenol content, were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1. However, the lowest berry quality was observed in the vines treated with mineral oil.ConclusionsTherefore, the combination of nutrients with mineral oil can alleviate the adverse effect of mineral oil solely on some phenological indices and berry quality-related traits in vineyards.

The article draws attention to the relevance of the topic. It is noted that the level of self-sufficiency of Belarus with domestic fruit and berry products in some years does not reach 50%, although the soil and climatic conditions of the republic contribute to the almost universal cultivation and cultivation of various types and varieties of fruit and berry crops. In the fruit and berry industry of all categories of farms for the period 2015–2019, there were significant dynamic changes: if the gross harvest of fruits of seed crops decreased by almost 30%, the production of berries increased by 31%. The main contribution to the total gross harvest of fruits and berries was made by the households of the population – at least 70%. Attention is drawn to the fact that during the study period, the fruit-bearing area of horticultural crops significantly decreased, but their yield significantly increased. The article states that the yield of garden crops is characterized by a significant fluctuation between odd and even years: for even years, the yield indicators are higher compared to odd years. This pattern does not apply to berry crops.An in-depth study of the indicators characterizing the fruit and berry industry was carried out on the example of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) “Progress-Vertelishki” of the Grodno region. In this farm, considerable attention is paid to the cultivation and cultivation of horticultural crops: from a significant fruit – bearing area for the period 2014–2018, from 2.6 to 3.2 thousand tons of fruits and from 31 to 85 tons of berries were collected annually. Using the example of the fruit and berry industry of the APC “Progress-Vertelishki”, the author of the article proves the need to calculate and evaluate labor productivity on the basis of net production (added value) rather than gross output. The main part of the article concludes with an analytical assessment of the economic and financial indicators of the fruit and berry industry in the APC “Progress-Vertelishki”. The content of the article ends with reasoned conclusions.

Increasing the yield of juice and biologically active components from plant raw materials is an urgent task in the production of functional beverages. For this, fruit, berry and vegetable pulp was treated with enzymatic preparations of pectolytic action and the yield of juice was determined. Samples of pulp of each raw material were treated with enzyme preparations: Fructocyme P6-L, Fructocyme P, Fructocyme MA, in an amount of 0.03% of the pulp mass. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for two hours, after which the amount of obtained juice was compared with the control sample. As a result, when adding Fructocyme MA to the pulp of apples and carrots, the juice yield increases by 8% and 17%, respectively. When Fructocyme P6-L is added to the pulp of kiwi, blueberries, grapes, the juice yield increases by 6%, 12 and 10%, respectively. To determine the effect of enzyme preparations on the yield of biologically active components, the previously selected enzyme preparations were added to all samples in an amount of 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.07% of the pulp mass, and the total content of polyphenols was determined by colorimetry and anthocyanins. As a result of the experiment, it was found that in terms of the amount of polyphenolic substances extracted from the pulp, fruit and berry raw materials can be divided into three groups: raw materials with loose pulp, with pulp of medium density and raw materials with dense pulp. As a result, individual enzyme preparations and optimal modes of application were selected for each type of raw material. The dependence of the content of polyphenolic compounds on the dosage of the addition of enzyme preparations has been established.

Blackcurrant (BC) is a well-known and appreciated berry fruit in our country and Poland is the largest BC producer among European Union countries and the second, after Russia, producer in the world. Due to the short shelf life of BC, its consumption in fresh form is relatively low , therefore the berries are processed into juices, jams, jellies, and freeze-dried products or alcoholic beverages. The high nutritional value of BC berries result from high content of bioactive compounds (among others, vitamin C, anthocyanins, pectins, organic acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in seeds of the fruit). Anthocyanins (ANTs) create the largest group among all polyphenolic compounds contained in BC. The results from different studies confirm that ANTs are important in attenuation oxidative stress parameters in the organism, and therefore can reduce the risk of certain non-communicable chronic diseases. Consumption of unprocessed and processed blackcurrants (i.e. juices and products containing fruit extracts) may support the nutrition therapy of cardiovascular diseases, certain eye diseases and may normalize the lipid profile of the blood plasma. Additionally, the beneficial profile of unsaturated fatty acids from BC seeds supports the therapy of autoimmune diseases. This article is attempts to summarize the results of the studies on the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor and antimicrobial effects of BC bioactive compounds including the mechanisms of their action depending on the form of the fruit (e.g. juice, whole fruit extract, dried pomace, or seed oil). The article also highlights the potential use of BC in production of functional food, important in the dietary prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases resulting from increased oxidative stress in the organism.

Background Stone-hardening stage is crucial to the development of grape seed and berry quality. A significant body of evidence supports the important roles of MicroRNAs in grape-berry development, but their specific molecular functions during grape stone-hardening stage remain unclear. Results Here, a total of 161 conserved and 85 species-specific miRNAs/miRNAs* (precursor) were identified in grape berries at stone-hardening stage using Solexa sequencing. Amongst them, 30 VvmiRNAs were stone-hardening stage-specific, whereas 52 exhibited differential expression profiles during berry development, potentially participating in the modulation of berry development as verified by their expression patterns. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that 13 VvmiRNAs might be involved in the regulation of embryo development, another 11 in lignin and cellulose biosynthesis, and also 28 in the modulation of hormone signaling, sugar, and proline metabolism. Furthermore, the target genes for 4 novel VvmiRNAs related to berry development were validated using RNA Ligase-Mediated (RLM)-RACE and Poly(A) Polymerase-Mediated (PPM)-RACE methods, and their cleavage mainly occurred at the 9th–11th sites from the 5′ ends of miRNAs at their binding regions. In view of the regulatory roles of GA in seed embryo development and stone-hardening in grape, we investigated the expression modes of VvmiRNAs and their target genes during GA-induced grape seedless-berry development, and we validated that GA induced the expression of VvmiR31-3p and VvmiR8-5p to negatively regulate the expression levels of CAFFEOYL COENZYME A-3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (VvCCoAOMT), and DDB1-CUL4 ASSOCIATED FACTOR1 (VvDCAF1). The series of changes might repress grape stone hardening and embryo development, which might be a potential key molecular mechanism in GA-induced grape seedless-berry development. Finally, a schematic model of miRNA-mediated grape seed and stone-hardening development was proposed. Conclusion This work identified 30 stone-hardening stage-specific VvmiRNAs and 52 significant differential expression ones, and preliminary interpreted the potential molecular mechanism of GA-induced grape parthenocarpy. GA negatively manipulate the expression of VvCCoAOMT and VvDCAF1 by up-regulation the expression of VvmiR31-3p and VvmiR8-5p, thereby repressing seed stone and embryo development to produce grape seedless berries.

The most important phytonutrients of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry are carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sugars, organic and amino acids, water and fat-soluble vitamins, tannins and pectin substances, phospholipids, macro- and microelements. In the Chelyabinsk region it is almost impossible to find well-groomed industrial plantings of sea buckthorn, since its main areas (600 hectares) are concentrated in amateur and home gardens. To form a healthy diet, it is important not only to ensure the safety of horticultural products, but also to raise the priority of signs that determine consumer demand, namely the quality and chemical composition of fruits, their saturation with the necessary micronutrients. While studying food and biologically active substances of sea buckthorn berries of the "Velikan" variety growing in different garden agrocenoses of the Chelyabinsk region it has been determined that sea buckthorn berries cultivated in the garden "Lokomotiv-1" (Chelyabinsk) contain more flavonoids (by 21.4 %), proteins (by 17.4 %), mineral elements - Al (in 5.3 times), V (3.4 times), Cu (3 times), Ti (2.4 times), Ca and Fe (1.9 times), Mn (1.5 times), in berries obtained in the garden "Dizelist-1" (Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk) contains more sugars (by 15.1 %), as well as Mo and Sr (2-2.3 times), Se (1.4 times), Cr (by 76.2 %), etc. In terms of Se content, the studied fruits exceed the clarke values by 4-6 times; in terms of Pb content, they turned out to be as close as possible to the upper limit of MPC according to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. The study of the mineral composition of sea buckthorn is especially important in the context of the ecological disadvantage of the Chelyabinsk region due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals.