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It is well-known that a topological group can be represented as a group of isometries of a reflexive Banach space if and only if its topology is induced by weakly almost periodic functions (see \cite{Shtern:CompactSemitopologicalSemigroups}, \cite{Megrelishvili:OperatorTopologies} and \cite{Megrelishvili:TopologicalTransformations}). We show that for a metrisable group this is equivalent to the property that its metric is uniformly equivalent to a stable metric in the sense of Krivine and Maurey (see \cite{Krivine-Maurey:EspacesDeBanachStables}). This result is used to give a partial negative answer to a problem of Megrelishvili.

Using Dunkl operators, we introduce a continuous family of canonical invariants of finite reflection groups. We verify that the elementary canonical invariants of the symmetric group are deformations of the elementary symmetric polynomials. We also compute the canonical invariants for all dihedral groups as certain hypergeometric functions., Comment: v2: few corrections, some proofs and references added; v3: published version

The AdS/CFT correspondence for N=1 Super conformal field theories suggests that dibaryon operators are dual to D-brane states that are point like in AdS and that wrap various cycles in a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. It also suggests that the volume of the D-brane gives the R-charge of the corresponding operator. We elucidate various aspects of this correspondence, paying particular care to study the case of branes at the tip of three different Calabi Yau cones. We show that the arrows in the quiver diagram describing the conformal field theory can be thought of as global sections of a non-trivial holomorphic vector bundle over the Calabi-Yau geometry. We suggest that the zero locus of these sections gives the geometric map that lets us tie a particular dibaryon to a holomorphic cycle, by intersecting the corresponding cycle with the Sasaki-Einstein locus at fixed distance from the origin. We show that this can be compared with the corresponding volumes of the Sasaki-Einstein space and that one gets exact agreement between the volumes of the cycles identified with this procedure and the R-charges of the operators., Comment: 30 pages, 1 fig

We prove that $IHS_A$, the theory of infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces equipped with a generic automorphism, is $\aleph_0$-stable up to perturbation of the automorphism, and admits prime models up to perturbation over any set. Similarly, $APr_A$, the theory of atomless probability algebras equipped with a generic automorphism is $\aleph_0$-stable up to perturbation. However, not allowing perturbation it is not even superstable.

We provide a characterization of the set of configurations in N=4 SYM theory that are dual to small AdS black holes. Our construction shows that the black hole dual states are approximately thermal on a SU(M) subset of degrees of freedom of a SU(N) gauge theory. M is determined dynamically and the black hole degrees of freedom are dynamically insulated from the rest. These states are localized on the S^5 and have dynamical processes that correspond to matter absorption that make them behave as black objects., Comment: 10 pages, revtex

We construct rank 2 thick nondiscrete affine buildings associated with an arbitrary finite dihedral group., Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures

We analyze several aspects of the recent construction of three-dimensional conformal gauge theories by Aharony et al. in various regimes. We pay special attention to understanding how the M-theory geometry and interpretation can be extracted from the analysis of the field theory. We revisit the calculations of the moduli space of vacua and the complete characterization of chiral ring operators by analyzing the field theory compactified on a 2-sphere. We show that many of the states dual to these operators can be interpreted as D-brane states in the weak coupling limit. Also, various features of the dual AdS geometry can be obtained by performing a strong coupling expansion around moduli space configurations, even though one is not taking the planar expansion. In particular, we show that at strong coupling the corresponding weak coupling D-brane states of the chiral ring localize on particular submanifolds of the dual geometry that match the M-theory interpretation. We also study the massive spectrum of fields in the moduli space. We use this to investigate the dispersion relation of giant magnons from the field theory point of view. Our analysis predicts the exact functional form of the dispersion relation as a function of the world-sheet momentum, independently of integrability assumptions, but not the exact form with respect to the 't Hooft coupling. We also get the dispersion relation of bound states of giant magnons from first principles, providing evidence for the full integrability of the corresponding spin chain model at strong 't Hooft coupling., Comment: 64 pages, 5 figures; v2: added references

We undertake a phenomenological study of the extra neutral Z' boson in the Minimal Quiver Standard Model and discuss limits on the model's parameters from previous precision electroweak experiments, as well as detection prospects at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. We find that masses lower than around 700 GeV are excluded by the $Z$-pole data from the CERN-LEP collider, and below 620 GeV by experimental data from di-electron events at the Fermilab-Tevatron collider. We also find that at a mass of 1 TeV the LHC cross section would show a small peak in the di-lepton and top pair channel., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. v2: substantial revisions and improvements, final version accepted for publication

We introduce braided Dunkl operators that are acting on a q-polynomial algebra and q-commute. Generalizing the approach of Etingof and Ginzburg, we explain the q-commutation phenomenon by constructing braided Cherednik algebras for which the above operators form a representation. We classify all braided Cherednik algebras using the theory of braided doubles developed in our previous paper. Besides ordinary rational Cherednik algebras, our classification gives new algebras attached to an infinite family of subgroups of even elements in complex reflection groups, so that the corresponding braided Dunkl operators pairwise anti-commute. We explicitly compute these new operators in terms of braided partial derivatives and divided differences., Comment: 48 pages, no figures. References to papers by T. Khongsap, W. Wang are added. An anti-commutatator version is included (Corollary 3.7)

Encouraged by the AdS/CFT correspondence, we study emergent local geometry in large N multi-matrix models from the perspective of a strong coupling expansion. By considering various solvable interacting models we show how the emergence or non-emergence of local geometry at strong coupling is captured by observables that effectively measure the mass of off-diagonal excitations about a semiclassical eigenvalue background. We find emergent geometry at strong coupling in models where a mass term regulates an infrared divergence. We also show that our notion of emergent geometry can be usefully applied to fuzzy spheres. Although most of our results are analytic, we have found numerical input valuable in guiding and checking our results., Comment: 1+34 pages, 4 figures. References added

Recent progress towards understanding a strong coupling expansion for various superconformal field theories in four dimensions is described. First, the case of the maximally supersymmetric Yang Mills theory is analyzed, as well as many calculations that can be done directly at strong coupling and matched to the AdS dual geometry. Also, this understanding is extended to other AdS duals where the sphere is replaced by a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. Particular emphasis is made on matching exactly part of the supergravity dual spectrum of various of these field theories by using wave function methods., Comment: 10 pages, Contribution to the proceedings of the Osaka Workshop, OCU2007

In this paper I discuss some string inspired exotic colored matter particles that could be produced at the LHC, as well as the experimental signature for the observation of such states. Their most easily identifiable signature of this scenario is that many of these exotic particles would decay into standard model particles only via higher dimension operators in the effective field theory at a TeV scale. Some of these particles would only have three body decays into standard model particles., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. v2: Updated references

We study various correlation functions (two and three point functions) in a large $N$ matrix model of six commuting matrices with a numerical Monte Carlo algorithm. This is equivalent to a model of a gas of particles in six dimensions with a confining quadratic potential and logarithmic repulsions at finite temperature, where we are measuring the leading order non-gaussianities in the thermal fluctuations. This is a simplified model of the low energy dynamics of N=4 SYM at strong coupling. We find strong evidence that the simplified matrix model matches with the dual gravitational description of three point functions in the AdS/CFT correspondence., Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, revtex. v2: minor corrections

Three quantitative features of string theory on AdS_5 x X_5, for any (quasi)regular Sasaki-Einstein X_5, are recovered exactly from an expansion of field theory at strong coupling around configurations in the moduli space of vacua. These configurations can be thought of as a generalized matrix model of (local) commuting matrices. First, we reproduce the spectrum of scalar Kaluza-Klein modes on X_5. Secondly, we recover the precise spectrum of BMN string states, including a nontrivial dependence on the volume of X_5. Finally, we show how the radial direction in global AdS_5 emerges universally in these theories by exhibiting states dual to AdS giant gravitons., Comment: 1+28 pages. 1 figure

A method to solve various aspects of the strong coupling expansion of the superconformal field theory duals of AdS_5 x X geometries from first principles is proposed. The main idea is that at strong coupling the configurations that dominate the low energy dynamics of the field theory compactified on a three sphere are given by certain non-trivial semi-classical configurations in the moduli space of vacua. We show that this approach is self-consistent and permits one to express most of the dynamics in terms of an effective N=4 SYM dynamics. This has the advantage that some degrees of freedom that move the configurations away from moduli space can be treated perturbatively, unifying the essential low energy dynamics of all of these theories. We show that with this formalism one can compute the energies of strings in the BMN limit in the Klebanov-Witten theory from field theory considerations, matching the functional form of results found using AdS geometry. This paper also presents various other technical results for the semiclassical treatment of superconformal field theories., Comment: 52 pages, JHEP3 style

We calculate in a very simple way the spectrum of giant magnon bound states at strong coupling in N=4 SYM, by utilizing the description of the field theory vacuum in terms of a condensate of eigenvalues of commuting matrices. We further show that these calculations can be understood in terms of the central charge extension that permits the calculation of BPS masses in the Coulomb branch of N=4 SYM. This paper shows further evidence that the strong coupling expansion of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions can be done systematically from first principles, without the assumption of integrability., Comment: 19 pages, uses revtex

We characterize thorn-independence in a variety of structures, focusing on the field of real numbers expanded by predicate defining a dense multiplicative subgroup, G, satisfying the Mann property and whose pth powers are of finite index in G. We also show such structures are super-rosy and eliminate imaginaries up to codes for small sets.

Braided doubles provide a unifying framework for classical and quantum universal enveloping algebras and rational Cherednik algebras. They are a class of algebras with triangular decomposition, arising from a deformation problem, the solutions to which are called quasi-Yetter-Drinfeld modules. A basic family of quasi-YD modules is provided by braidings (matrices satisfying the quantum Yang-Baxter equation); these give rise to quantum versions of the Weyl algebra, where the role of polynomial rings is played by Nichols-Woronowicz algebras. Rational Cherednik algebras for t = 0 emerge as subalgebras in doubles of Nichols-Woronowicz algebras. For nonzero t, the Nichols-Woronowicz algebra is replaced with an algebra associated to the classical Yang-Baxter equation., Comment: v3: minor misprints corrected

We study open string configurations in Rindler space suspended from D-branes at finite distance from the Rindler horizon. This is a toy model for strings in the near horizon region of a black hole and has applications for the study of strings configurations of heavy quarks in the AdS/CFT duals of hot field theories, as well as other applications to the study of open strings ending on giant gravitons. We find that this setup produces very similar results to those that have been found in the AdS black hole setup, but it is much more tractable analytically. We also comment on some quantum applications of our studies to the understanding of the spectrum of strings ending on giant gravitons., Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures. v2: references added

We study the model theory of expansions of Hilbert spaces by generic predicates. We first prove the existence of model companions for generic expansions of Hilbert spaces in the form first of a distance function to a random substructure, then a distance to a random subset. The theory obtained with the random substructure is {\omega}-stable, while the one obtained with the distance to a random subset is $TP_2$ and $NSOP_1$. That example is the first continuous structure in that class., Comment: 27 pages

In this paper we study the AdS/CFT correspondence for N=4 SYM with gauge group U(N), compactified on S^3 in four dimensions using Monte-Carlo techniques. The simulation is based on a particular reduction of degrees of freedom to commuting matrices of constant fields, and in particular, we can write the wave functions of these degrees of freedom exactly. The square of the wave function is equivalent to a probability density for a Boltzman gas of interacting particles in six dimensions. From the simulation we can extract the density particle distribution for each wave function, and this distribution can be interpreted as a special geometric locus in the gravitational dual. Studying the wave functions associated to half-BPS giant gravitons, we are able to show that the matrix model can measure the Planck scale directly. We also show that the output of our simulation seems to match various theoretical expectations in the large N limit and that it captures 1/N effects as statistical fluctuations of the Boltzman gas with the expected scaling. Our results suggest that this is a very promising approach to explore quantum corrections and effects in gravitational physics on AdS spaces., Comment: 40 pages, 7 figures, uses JHEP. v2: references added

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study Lie algebras and Lie groups over noncommutative rings. For any Lie algebra $\gg$ sitting inside an associative algebra $A$ and any associative algebra $\FF$ we introduce and study the algebra $(\gg,A)(\FF)$, which is the Lie subalgebra of $\FF \otimes A$ generated by $\FF \otimes \gg$. In many examples $A$ is the universal enveloping algebra of $\gg$. Our description of the algebra $(\gg,A)(\FF)$ has a striking resemblance to the commutator expansions of $\FF$ used by M. Kapranov in his approach to noncommutative geometry. To each algebra $(\gg, A)(\FF)$ we associate a ``noncommutative algebraic'' group which naturally acts on $(\gg,A)(\FF)$ by conjugations and conclude the paper with some examples of such groups., Comment: Introduction is improved and some typos corrected. To appear in "Advances"

This is an exposition of the results on Geometric crystals and the associated Kashiwara crystal bases (presented by the first author in RIMS, August 2004), Comment: AmsLatex, 10 pages. To appear in the proceedings of CAIS workshop

This paper discusses the minimal quiver gauge theory embedding of the standard model that could arise from brane world type string theory constructions. It is based on the low energy effective field theory of D-branes in the perturbative regime. The model differs from the standard model by the addition of one extra massive gauge boson, and contains only one additional parameter to the standard model: the mass of this new particle. The coupling of this new particle to the standard model is uniquely determined by input from the standard model and consistency conditions of perturbative string theory. We also study some aspects of the phenomenology of this model and bounds on its possible observation at the Large Hadron Collider., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. v2: minor correction, added reference. v3: added references. Typos fixed. Improved discussion

We study aspects of emergent geometry for the case of orbifold superconformal field theories in four dimensions, where the orbifolds are abelian within the AdS/CFT proposal. In particular, we show that the realization of emergent geometry starting from the N=4 SYM theory in terms of a gas of particles in the moduli space of vacua of a single D3 brane in flat space gets generalized to a gas of particles on the moduli space of the corresponding orbifold conformal field theory (a gas of D3 branes on the orbifold space). Our main purpose is to show that this can be analyzed using the same techniques as in the N=4 SYM case by using the method of images, including the measure effects associated to the volume of the gauge orbit of the configurations. This measure effect gives an effective repulsion between the particles that makes them condense into a non-trivial vacuum configuration, and it is exactly these configurations that lead to the geometry of X in the AdS x X dual field theory, Comment: 24 pages

We systematically study the spectrum of open strings attached to half BPS giant gravitons in the N=4 SYM AdS/CFT setup. We find that some null trajectories along the giant graviton are actually null geodesics of AdS_5x S^5, so that we can study the problem in a plane wave limit setup. We also find the description of these states at weak 't Hooft coupling in the dual CFT. We show how the dual description is given by an open spin chain with variable number of sites. We analyze this system in detail and find numerical evidence for integrability. We also discover an interesting instability of long open strings in Ramond-Ramond backgrounds that is characterized by having a continuum spectrum of the string, which is separated from the ground state by a gap. This instability arises from accelerating the D-brane on which the strings end via the Ramond-Ramond field. From the integrable spin chain point of view, this instability prevents us from formulating the integrable structure in terms of a Bethe Ansatz construction., Comment: 38 pages+appendices, 9 figures. Uses JHEP3. v2: added references

This paper studies the compatibility of having a grand unification scheme for particle physics, while at the same time having a perturbative string theory description of such a scheme on a D-brane. This is studied in a model independent approach and finds a negative result. Some additional observations related to model building on branes are made., Comment: 4 pages, latex. v2: Improved discussion on impossibility on some Yukawa couplings and references added. v3:reference added

We study superpotential perturbations of q deformed N=4 Yang-Mills for q a root of unity. This is a special case whose geometry is associated to an orbifold with three lines of codimension two singularities meeting at the origin. We perform field theory perturbations that leave only co-dimension three singularities of conifold type in the geometry. We show that there are two "fractional brane" solutions of the F-term equations for each singularity in the deformed geometry, and that the number of complex deformations of that geometry also matches the number of singularities. This proves that for this case there are no local or non-local obstructions to deformation. We also show that the associated Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model has a solvable sector, and that the loop equations in this sector encode the full deformed geometry of the theory., Comment: 27 pages, uses JHEP3. v2: changes in formatting

For each reductive algebraic group G we introduce and study unipotent bicrystals which serve as a regular version of birational geometric and unipotent crystals introduced earlier by the authors. The framework of unipotent bicrystals allows, on the one hand, to study systematically such varieties as Bruhat cells in G and their convolution products and, on the other hand, to give a new construction of many normal Kashiwara crystals including those for G^\vee-modules, where G^\vee is the Langlands dual groups. In fact, our analogues of crystal bases (which we refer to as crystals associated to G^\vee-modules) are associated to G^\vee-modules directly, i.e., without quantum deformations. One of the main results of the present paper is an explicit construction of the crystal B_0 for the coordinate ring of the (Langlands dual) flag variety based on the positive unipotent bicrystal on the open Bruhat cell. Our general tropicalization procedure assigns to each strongly positive unipotent bicrystal a normal Kashiwara crystal B equipped with the multiplicity erasing homomorphism B--> B_0 and the combinatorial central charge B--> Z which is invariant under all crystal operators., Comment: AmsLatex, 80 pages. Some typos are corrected and references added. To appear in "Contemporary Mathematics". For best viewing of the table of contents, LaTeX the file 3 times

We study BPS states in a marginal deformation of super Yang-Mills on R x S^3 using a quantum mechanical system of q-commuting matrices. We focus mainly on the case where the parameter q is a root of unity, so that the AdS dual of the field theory can be associated to an orbifold of AdS_5x S^5. We show that in the large N limit, BPS states are described by density distributions of eigenvalues and we assign to these distributions a geometrical spacetime interpretation. We go beyond BPS configurations by turning on perturbative non-q-commuting excitations. Considering states in an appropriate BMN limit, we use a saddle point approximation to compute the BMN energy to all perturbative orders in the 't Hooft coupling. We also examine some BMN like states that correspond to twisted sector string states in the orbifold and we show that our geometrical interpretation of the system is consistent with the quantum numbers of the corresponding states under the quantum symmetry of the orbifold., Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure. v2: added references. v3:final published version

We study a quantum corrected SO(6) invariant matrix quantum mechanics obtained from the s-wave modes of the scalars of N = 4 SYM on S^3. For commuting matrices, this model is believed to describe the 1/8 BPS states of the full SYM theory. In the large N limit the ground state corresponds to a distribution of eigenvalues on a S^5 which we identify with the sphere on the dual geometry AdS_5x S^5. We then consider non-BPS excitations by studying matrix perturbations where the off-diagonal modes are treated perturbatively. To a first approximation, these modes can be described by a free theory of "string bits" whose energies depend on the diagonal degrees of freedom. We then consider a state with two string bits and large angular momentum J on the sphere. In the large J limit we use a simple saddle point approximation to show that the energy of these states coincides precisely with the BMN spectrum to all orders in the 't Hooft coupling. We also find some new problems with the all loop Bethe Ansatz conjecture of the N=4 SYM planar spin chain model., Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures. v2: typos corrected

This paper provides a heuristic derivation of how classical gravitational physics in the AdS/CFT correspondence appears from the strong dynamics of the N=4 SYM theory in a systematic way. We do this in a minisuperspace approximation by studying 1/8 BPS configurations. We show that this is related to a gauged matrix quantum mechanics of commuting matrices. We can show that our description matches the semiclassical physics of 1/8 BPS states in supergravity. We also provide a heuristic description of how massive strings appear in the geometry, and how at strong 't Hooft coupling they become local on the five sphere suggesting that they can be realized as a sigma model on a weakly curved background. In the process we also clarify some aspects of 1/2 BPS states. We also have a conjectured realization of some 1/8 BPS giant graviton wave functions in the dynamics, which captures all 1/8 BPS giant gravitons constructed by Mikhailov. This leads to a lot of different topology changes which can be treated heuristically., Comment: 54 pages, 8 figures, Latex. v2: typos corrected, improved figures, comments on string tension added. v3: typos corrected

We introduce and study deformations of finite-dimensional modules over rational Cherednik algebras. Our main tool is a generalization of usual harmonic polynomials for Coxeter groups -- the so-called quasiharmonic polynomials. A surprising application of this approach is the construction of canonical elementary symmetric polynomials and their deformations for all Coxeter groups., Comment: A key conjecture is proved, based on Pavel Etingof's idea (now it is Theorem 1.13). The Section 2 -- dihedral group case -- is simplified

We conjecture a geometric criterion for determining whether supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in certain string backgrounds. These backgrounds contain wrapped branes at Calabi-Yau singularites with obstructions to deformation of the complex structure. We motivate our conjecture with a particular example: the $Y^{2,1}$ quiver gauge theory corresponding to a cone over the first del Pezzo surface, $dP_1$. This setup can be analyzed using ordinary supersymmetric field theory methods, where we find that gaugino condensation drives a deformation of the chiral ring which has no solutions. We expect this breaking to be a general feature of any theory of branes at a singularity with a smaller number of possible deformations than independent anomaly-free fractional branes., Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures, latex, v2: minor changes, refs added

In this paper we utilize techniques from the theory of non-linear dynamical systems to define a notion of embedding threshold estimators. More specifically we use delay-coordinates embeddings of sets of coefficients of the measured signal (in some chosen frame) as a data mining tool to separate structures that are likely to be generated by signals belonging to some predetermined data set. We describe a particular variation of the embedding threshold estimator implemented in a windowed Fourier frame, and we apply it to speech signals heavily corrupted with the addition of several types of white noise. Our experimental work seems to suggest that, after training on the data sets of interest,these estimators perform well for a variety of white noise processes and noise intensity levels. The method is compared, for the case of Gaussian white noise, to a block thresholding estimator.