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To derive and validate a search strategy that identifies administrative database research (ADR) in the MEDLINE database. Analytical survey. We downloaded all articles published between January 1, 2008 and October 7, 2009 in 20 top journals in internal medicine, cardiovascular medicine, public health, and health services research. These were reviewed to determine whether they were ADR (in which the study cohort, exposure, or outcome was defined using electronic data created for or during the processing of patients through their health care). We used chi-squared recursive partitioning to create a search strategy that maximized sensitivity based on publication type, MeSH headings, and text words. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of the search strategy for true ADR in three samples: derivation ( n=5,513); internal validation ( n=2,710); and external validation ( n=1,500). The prevalence of ADR in the derivation, internal validation, and external validation samples was 2.6, 2.9, and 2.2 percent, respectively. The sensitivity of our search strategy in these samples was 90.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI] 85.0-95.1), 88.5 percent (79.2-94.6), and 100 percent (99.3-100), respectively. The positive predictive value in these samples was 10.7 percent (9.0-12.6), 11.5 percent (9.1-14.4), and 3.3 percent (2.3-4.6), respectively. We derived and validated a search strategy that is highly sensitive for ADR in MEDLINE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Erectile dysfunction and ischemic heart disease are common health problems that affect elderly individuals. Despite advances in treatment strategies, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for over three decades for surgical myocardial revascularization. Aim. To discuss the difference between the on pump and the newer alternative—the off-pump CABG (OPCABG) surgery—on the sexual function. Methods. This prospective study included 100 patients who underwent CABG. Main Outcome Measures. The patients were evaluated by an abridged form of International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-5), Pharmaco-Penile Duplex Ultrasound and finally by the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation. The patients were underwent either on-pump CABG or OPCABG. Six months after surgery, the erectile function was revaluated according to the same preoperative measures. Results. Patients included in the study were classified into two matched groups: group I—patients who underwent on-pump CABG (N = 50); and group II—patients who underwent OPCABG (N = 50). The frequency of intercourse was significantly higher in OPCABG ( P < 0.05) after surgery. The mean ± standard deviation of the IIEF-5 scores of the on-pump group postoperatively became 12.48 ± 7.19 whereas it became 15.88 ± 6.67 in the off-pump group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the number of patients who reported postoperative improvement of their IIEF-5 score was significantly higher in OPCABG group (N = 23) compared with the conventional on-pump CABG group (N = 13) ( P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the duplex ultrasound after surgery between both groups. Conclusions. The OPCABG has a diminished impact on the sexual function of patients compared with the conventional on-pump CABG. Therefore, the type of operation can be considered a predictive factor of sexual function following CAB surgery. Mohamed OA, Bennett CJ, Farid RM, Helmy T, Mahran A, and Hamed HA. The impact of on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery vs. off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery on sexual function. J Sex Med **;**:**–**. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has documented the impact of time of day on vigilance and memory and the moderating influence of circadian typology (morningness-eveningness) on the relationship between time of testing and cognitive processes. This study examined the impact of circadian typology and time of testing on executive functions. Morning-type and evening-type people were randomly assigned to a morning or afternoon testing time, and their performance on neuropsychological tests, including the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Digit Span test, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was compared. No interactions between circadian typology and time of day were observed on the CPT or Digit Span test. A time of day effect was found on the letter generation portion of the COWAT More words were generated in the afternoon than in the morning. In contrast, performance on the WCST was best when morning-type participants were tested at their optimal time of day. These findings suggest that circadian typology should be considered when scheduling neuropsychological assessments, rehabilitation training, and critical job tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effective interventions to support patient involvement in shared decision-making in oncology. Effective interventions include clinicians trained in shared decision-making, question prompt sheets, patient decision aids and decision coaching by nurses and other allied health professionals. Moreover, a review of 23 trials of cancer patient decision aids showed that patients exposed to decision aids are more likely to participate in decision-making.

Purpose: Antimicrobial prophylaxis is the periprocedural systemic administration of an antimicrobial agent intended to reduce the risk of postprocedural local and systemic infections. The AUA convened a BPP Panel to formulate recommendations on the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis during urologic surgery. Materials and Methods: Recommendations are based on a review of the literature and the Panel members’ expert opinions. Results: The potential benefit of antimicrobial prophylaxis is determined by patient factors, procedure factors, and the potential morbidity of infection. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended only when the potential benefit outweighs the risks and anticipated costs (including expense of agent and administration, risk of allergic reactions or other adverse effects, and induction of bacterial resistance). The prophylactic agent should be effective against organisms characteristic of the operative site. Cost, convenience, and safety of the agent also should be considered. The duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis should extend throughout the period when bacterial invasion is facilitated and/or likely to establish an infection. Prophylaxis should begin within 60 minutes of the surgical incision (120 minutes for intravenous fluoroquinolines and vancomycin) and generally should be discontinued within 24 hours. The AHA no longer recommends antimicrobial prophylaxis for genitourinary surgery solely to prevent infectious endocarditis. Justifications and recommendations for specific antimicrobial prophylactic regimens for specific categories of urologic procedures are provided. Conclusions: The recommendations provided in this document, including specific indications and agents enumerated in the Tables, can assist urologists in the appropriate use of periprocedural antimicrobial prophylaxis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Although supervision is a central component of internship education for social work and other helping profession students, few reports about the supervision process exist in the literature. In the present study, weekly process data were gathered on first and second year students' (N = 77) perceptions of critical incidents in the supervision process, the most important interventions made by supervisors, feelings about the supervisor, satisfaction with supervision, and the effectiveness and impact of supervisor interventions. When the semester was completed, outcome data were gathered retrospectively from the same students on the same variables. Among the major findings were that students wanted direction and on-going support from their supervisors, but that they also wanted to think independently and to be self-reliant. Process measures provided limited support to the developmental model of supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A modified method for establishing cultures of rabbit corneal cells is described. The new technique utilized a Lucite disc in combination with a Tygon ring for growth of pure cell cultures and was compared with an explant method for growing cells. Each method provided adequate cell cultures for biochemical or ultrastructure studies of rabbit corneal cells, but the ring and disc method described here allowed the isolation of specific cell types without the interference of stromal cell contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various options are available for improving the management of bladder function for women with disabilities. Our approach has always been to begin with the least invasive treatment option, which accomplishes the important goal of preserving renal function and preventing infection, while maintaining continence. If these approaches fail, then more elaborate procedures can be considered. The woman's preference as well as her body habits and lifestyle should always be priorities when designing a bladder management program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An uncommon presentation of prostate carcinoma to the supraclavicular lymph nodes is herein reviewed. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, patient survival can be extended. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis. The clinical features of four cases involving metastatic prostate carcinoma will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]