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A striking abundance of cryptic and pseudocryptic species was highlighted in marine invertebrates by a number of studies, the majority of which focused however on cryptic diversity as such, without inferring on evolutionary drivers involved in organism diversification. The widespread polychaete Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 was identified as a possible species complex by MALTAGLIATI et al. (2000), who identified Mediterranean marine and brackish populations as putative cryptic species on the basis of allozyme data. More recently, sequence data allowed to consider the allegedly cosmopolitan S. gracilis as a paraphyletic species complex, including at least three distinct Mediterranean lineages. To understand the role of biogeographical and ecological factors in the differentiation of the complex, populations of S. gracilis were sampled from eleven Mediterranean localities, and a combined morphological and molecular characterisation was carried out. Multivariate and univariate analyses on the morphological dataset highlighted that the majority of traits are fixed at population level, but it is possible to distinguish two morphotypes, one with short cirri, associated with intertidal coralline algae, and one with long cirri occurring on Sabellaria reefs and in brackish environments. On the other hand, 16S rDNA sequences highlighted the occurrence of three separated lineages, of which only two correspond to those identified by Álvarez-Campos et al. (2017). Therefore, S. gracilis includes at least four cryptic lineages. Molecular lineages did not show any correspondence with morphological diversity, and natural populations of S. gracilis usually included at least two cryptic lineages, without a clear distinction between marine and brackish-water populations. This outcome suggests that the relationship between the molecular pattern detected and ecological and biogeographical features is not straightforward. The observed morphological pattern is most likely due to local adaptations and phenotypic plasticity, while the separation between molecular lineages is possibly due to ancient geological events. The diversity and evolution of marine invertebrates is shaped by a number of different processes working and interacting at different spatial and temporal scales. The reconstruction of evolutionary processes should therefore take into consideration as many different evidence lines as possible. Although the inconsistent pattern detected make the integration of morphological and molecular patterns difficult, these patterns are the consequence of unpredictable interactions between different evolutionary drivers, thus representing an interesting case of irreducible evolutionary complexity in marine systems.

This letter describes a cohort of 100 children younger than 18 years of age with RT-PCR-confirmed Covid-19 who were assessed in 17 pediatric emergency departments in Italy. The descriptive results are compared with previously published results involving children in China and the United States.

Resumen: El coledococele es una dilatación quística del segmento distal del conducto biliar común que sobresale en el lumen duodenal. Estos comprenden menos del 2% de todos los casos reportados de quistes de colédoco (2). Los hallazgos imagenológicos del coledococele y de los quistes de duplicación duodenal son muy similares, ambos presentan además clínica variada e inespecífica, por lo que el diagnóstico definitivo suele ser durante la cirugía. Presentamos un caso de una paciente de 10 años que consulta por dolor abdominal con elevación de transaminasas que, tras estudio con resonancia magnética con colangioresonancia y EDA se diagnostica coledococele.

Resumen: El hamartoma fibroso de la infancia (FHI) es una lesión rara de tejidos blandos en niños con morfología trifásica característica. El principal problema con estas lesiones es el diagnóstico diferencial con otras masas de tejidos blandos, en particular sarcomas, que requieren un afrontamiento clínico y terapéutico diferente. Presentamos un caso de un infante de 10 meses con un crecimiento asintomático de una masa axilar que, tras realizarse angioresonancia magnética y biopsia se confirmó el diagnóstico de FHI.

Resumen: El hamartoma fibroso de la infancia (FHI) es una lesión rara de tejidos blandos en niños con morfología trifásica característica. El principal problema con estas lesiones es el diagnóstico diferencial con otras masas de tejidos blandos, en particular sarcomas, que requieren un afrontamiento clínico y terapéutico diferente. Presentamos un caso de un infante de 10 meses con un crecimiento asintomático de una masa axilar que, tras realizarse angioresonancia magnética y biopsia se confirmó el diagnóstico de FHI. Abstract: Fibrous hamartomas of childhood (FHC) are rare soft tissue lesions in infants and young children with characteristic three-phase morphology.The main problem with these lesions is differentiating it from other soft tissue masses, in particular sarcomas, which require a different clinical and therapeutic approach. We present a case of a 10-month-old infant with asymptomatic growth of a left axillary mass that, after magnetic resonance angiography and biopsy, the diagnosis of FHC was confirmed.

We report the discovery of TOI-677 b, first identified as a candidate in light curves obtained within Sectors 9 and 10 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission and confirmed with radial velocities. TOI-677 b has a mass of The host star has a mass of a radius of Gyr and solar metallicity, properties consistent with a main-sequence late-F star with K. We find evidence in the radial velocity measurements of a secondary long-term signal, which could be due to an outer companion. The TOI-677 b system is a well-suited target for Rossiter-Mclaughlin observations that can constrain migration mechanisms of close-in giant planets.