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Prirodne populacije hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.) u Bosni i Hercegovini su male i rascjepkane. Razlikuju se od onih koje se nalaze u svom optimumu u srednjoj Europi, svojom specifičnom genetskom strukturom, te imaju važnu ulogu u očuvanju raznolikosti hrasta lužnjaka u Europi.Cilj ovog istraživanja je odrediti varijabilnost populacija hrasta lužnjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini.U testu provenijencija u rasadniku Žepče, u proljeće 2012., 2013. i 2014. godine provedeno je mjerenje visina biljaka i promjera vrata korijena. Izmjerene su sve preživjele biljke u svih 28 provenijencija.Najmanju prosječnu visinu biljaka 2012. godine imala je provenijencija Miljevina, 38,8 cm, a najveću Jelah 74,3 cm. U 2013. godini, najmanju prosječnu visinu imala je provenijencija Stojčevac, 61,3 cm, dok provenijencija Jelah ostaje provenijencija sa najvećom prosječnom visinom, 108,4 cm. Provenijencija Miljevina i dalje ima prosječnu visinu vrlo nisku, 63,0 cm. U 2014. godini najmanju prosječnu visinu zadržava provenijencija Stojčevac, 90,8 cm a najveću provenijencija Jelah, 152,1 cm.Najmanji srednji promjer vrata korijena za 2012. godinu imala je provenijencija Vinac, 11,3 mm, a najveći provenijencija Jelah, 16,2 mm. Najmanji srednji promjer vrata korijena za 2013. godinu imala je provenijencija Stojčevac, 17,9 mm, a najveći provenijencija Jelah, 23,8 mm. Provenijencija Vinac se pomakla za sedamnaest mjesta s prosječnim promjerom vrata korijena 19,9 mm. Najmanji srednji promjer vrata korijena za 2014. godinu zadržala je provenijencija Stojčevac, s vrijednošću 23,7 mm, dok najveći promjer korijenovog vrata ima provenijencija Jelah, 34,7 mm. Analiza varijance pokazala je statistički značajne razlike između populacija po svim ispitivanim svojstvima, što je potvrdio i Duncan test., Natural populations of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina are small and scattered. They differ from those located in their optimum in Central Europe and due to their specific genetic structure they play a significant role in preservation of pedunculate oak diversities in Europe.The aim of this research is to determine the variability of the remaining pedunculate oak populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Measuring of height of plants and diameter of root collar was conducted in provenance test in Žepče in the spring of 2012, 2013 and 2014. Plants from all 28 provenances have been measured.In 2012, Miljevina provenance contained the minimum average height – 38,8 cm, and the maximum height was found in Jelah – 74,3 cm. In 2013, Stojčevac provenance contained the minimum average height – 61,3 cm, while Jelah remained provenance with the maximum average height – 108,4 cm. Average height of Miljevina provenance still remained low – 63,0 cm. In 2014, Stojčevac provenance kept the minimum average height – 90,8 cm – while Jelah kept the maximum height – 151,2 cm.In 2012, Vinac provenance had the smallest average diameter of root collar – 11,3 mm, while Jelah provenance had the biggest average diameter of root collar – 16,2 mm. In 2013, Stojčevasprovenance contained the smallest average diameter of root collar – 17,9 mm and the biggest average diameter was found in Jelah provenance – 23,8 mm. Vinac provenance moved from 17th position with its average root collar diameter of 19.9 mm. The smallest average root collar diameter in 2014 remained in Stojčevac provenance – 23,7mm, while the biggest average diameter remained in Jelah provenance – 34,7 mm. Analysis of variance has pointed at the statistically significant differences between populations with regard to all analyses characteristics. All traits tested using variance analysis and Duncan’s test showed statistically significant differences between populations.Due to the resulting variability between studies provenances, the results should be used when planning conservation measures and reintroduction of pedunculate oak in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Research needs to be continued, because the results obtained in the early juvenile stage are incomplete and burdened with numerous disadvantages.

22 Pág. Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Purpose of Review: Recognizing that in the context of global change, tree genetic diversity represents a crucial resource for future forest adaptation, we review and highlight the major forest genetics research achievements of the past decades in biodiversity-rich countries of the Mediterranean region. For this, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature spanning the past thirty years (1991–2020). Putting together the representative regionwide expertise of our co-authorship, we propose research perspectives for the next decade. Recent Findings: Forest genetics research in Mediterranean countries is organized into three different scientific domains of unequal importance. The domain “Population diversity and Differentiation” related to over 62% of all publications of the period, the domain “Environmental conditions, growth and stress response” to almost 23%, and the domain “Phylogeography” to almost 15%. Citation rate was trending the opposite way, indicating a strong and sustained interest in phylogeography and a rising interest for genetics research related to climate change and drought resistance. The share of publications from Asia and Africa to the total within the Mediterranean increased significantly during the 30-year period analyzed, reaching just below 30% during the last decade. Summary: Describing poorly known species and populations, including marginal populations, using the full potential of genomic methods, testing adaptation in common gardens, and modeling adaptive capacity to build reliable scenarios for forest management remain strategic research priorities. Delineating areas of high and low genetic diversity, for conservation and restoration, respectively, is needed. Joining forces between forest management and forest research, sharing data, experience, and knowledge within and among countries will have to progress significantly, e.g., to assess the potential of Mediterranean genetic resources as assisted migration material worldwide. Introductory quote:: Let us collect with care the facts we can observe, let us consult experience wherever we can, and when this experience is inaccessible to us, let us assemble all the inductions which observation of facts analogous to those which escape us can furnish and let us assert nothing categorically; in this way, we shall be able little by little to discover the causes of a multitude of natural phenomena, and, perhaps, even of phenomena which seem the most incomprehensible.. J.B. de Lamarck (Philosophie zoologique, 1809), cited by O. Langlet (1971)., European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 676876 COST Action FP1202 “Strengthening conservation: a key issue for adaptation of marginal/peripheral populations of forest trees to climate change in Europe (MaP-FGR)

Roundwood scaling requires measuring dimensions and determining a wood quality class. That can be done at the different time intervals from tree cutting, in which some wood faults can appear, for example fissures and insect attack, etc. This research aims to determine how insect attacks can influence the determination of the wood quality class regarding the fact that the roundwood scaling was done in different time intervals from cutting. The research was conducted in the summer period of 2021 during selection cutting of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees. In that period, ambrosia beetles (Pityokteines sp.) were not determined and insect attacks on Silver fir were not found. The buck-to-quality method was applied, and the roundwood scaling was done according to the European HRN EN 1927-1 standard. Data collecting (diameter, length, quality class, wood faults, and insect presence) was done by a newly designed computer module. According to the standard, damages caused by insects are not allowed in the first (A) and the second (B) quality class. The damage caused by bark beetles (< 2 mm) i. e. Ips typographus (L ; ), are only in the bark without decreasing log's utilization, so they were not considered in the initial quality class determination, but they were recorded. Data analysis and quality class modification with damage from insect attacks (< 2 mm), resulted in a reduction of A class assortments by 1.2% and B class assortments by 3.1% increasing the share of C class assortments by 4.4%. Based on the research results the modification of the classification standard should be considered in order to more clearly define the type and the intensity of the insect attack not permitted in the higher quality classes.

This paper presents the dynamics of sanitary fellings in selective forests of Croatia caused by bark beetle outbreaks from 2016 to 2020 in four management units of 7, 275.890 ha in area. The area of sanitary felling i.e. clear-cuts amounted to 58.125 ha as follows: 1) Gornja Dobra, λ 381, 617.420 N and φ 503, 5383.876 E, area 5.236 ha, 2) Carevići 1, λ 383, 828.331 N and φ 503, 1964.131 E, area 16.520 ha, 3) Carevići 2, λ 382, 853.335 N and φ 503, 2332.054 E, area 3.316 ha, 4) Radoševići, λ 385, 005.686 N and φ 503, 0234.891 E, area 6.137 ha, 5) Lučice, λ 367, 335, 940 N and φ 502, 8106.871 E, area 15.886 ha, 6) Sunger 1, λ 365, 690.816 N and φ 502, 616.653 E, area 8.444 ha and 7) Sunger 2, λ 365, 961.778 N and φ 502, 3365.046 E, area 3.587 ha. Mean size of the felling area was 8.304 ha. The research was conducted with a: 1) commercial GPS device Garmin GPSMAP 66s, 2) Total station STONEX TS R35 WINCE, 3) RTK GNSS receiver STONEX S900A and 4) UAV DJI Inspire 1 V2.0, camera DJI X3. The research analyses the influence of the amount of felled timber in the affected management units with the following parameters:  terrain exposure expressed by a wind rose (8 sides) where the dominant side of the world of the observed focus is expressed ;  altitude, which is defined by the interval of 100 m height above sea level ;  terrain slope with five classes: 1) 0-10%, 2) 11-20%, 3) 21-33%, 4) 34-50% and 5) > 50% ;  parameters of the forest accessibility: 1) road density (m/ha), 2) average geometric timber extraction distance, and 3) relative forest openness. The average terrain slope of the investigated seven areas of bark beetle outbreaks ranged from 1.7% to 40.17%. The average height above sea level ranged from 473 m to 793 m. Relative forest openness ranged from 26.16% to 100.00%. The average geometric timber extraction distance was 161.75 m ± 103.25m.

Climate change is affecting the availability of resources and conditions critical to the life and survival of forest communities and the species that inhabit them, especially at the edges of their distribution. Numerous studies indicate that fir forests are threatened by climate change, especially at the southern edges of their range where the negative effects of warming are more pronounced. The aim of this study was to determine for the first time the soil and forest floor properties in thermophilic, southernmost fir forests (Ostryo-Abietetum /Fukarek 1963/ Trinajstić 1983) in Croatia. These forests grow from 850 m to 1150 m a.s.l. on the continental slope of Biokovo Mountain on a characteristic sinkhole relief, which influences the mosaic arrangement of the soil, vegetation and forest floor. At the bottom of the sinkholes, fir trees dominate, rockiness is less pronounced and Mollic Leptosol and Leptic Cambisol alternate. The forest floor mass (load) is higher. On the other hand, at the edges of the sinkholes, rockiness is more pronounced, the soil is either very shallow (Mollic Leptosol) or absent, and the forest floor mass is lower. Thermophilic tree species dominate, while firs are sporadic or absent. The determined soil and forest floor properties were compared with those of other fir communities in Croatia. In a number of sinkholes, it was found that in summer (the dry and hot period) cold air flows in from caves and cracks, creating specific microclimatic conditions in sinkholes that are favourable for fir and could be a key factor for its survival.

U fokusu ovog rada jest nastojanje W.J.Morgana da prevlada prijepor međusobno suprostavljenih perspektiva spram problema dopinga (PED- Performance Enhancing Drugs), unutar diskursa filozofije odnosno etike sporta. Tako, s jedne se strane „farmakološki libertarijanci“ zalažu za osobnu slobodu sportaša u korištenju dopinga, dok s druge „esencijalisti“ zastupaju njegovu potpunu zabranu jer on dokida samu esenciju sporta. Morgan iznalazi srednji put selektivne prohibicije uvodeći pojam TED- Treatment-Enhancing Distinction. Njegova perspektiva kulturalno-socijalnog historicizma inklinira dosizanju jasne distinkcije između onoga što čini „tretman“ sportaša za postizanje sportske vrsnosti i neprihvatljivih „pojačavatelja sportskih performansi“. U egzemplarnom smislu, kao paradigmatske prihvatljive tretmane apostrofira steroide i amfetamine, a kao nedozvoljene supstance beta blokere.

U nezaustavljivom napretku biotehničkih dometa čovjekovog djelovanja i ovladavanja prirodnim datostima, sve se više uočava njegova moć eugeničkih alteracija izvornog nasljeđa. Ta se težnja vlastitog potenciranja odražava na svim područjima ljudskog života. Zahvaća cjelokupnu prirodu, odražava se na cijelom ambijentalnom području, a napose na iluminističkom polju biomedicinskih domena rekonstrukcije prirodnog nasljeđa. Velika tehnolatrijska moć medicine da mijenja i modificira ljudsko tijelo stvorila je nove mogućnosti bioloških intervencija i podržala vitalističku napast medikacije života. Čovjek želi preuzeti kontrolu nad vlastitim životom i smrću, teži nadvisiti prirodne procese apsolutiziranjem biološke dimenzije te alteracijski modificirati uvjete svoga življenja rekonstruktivnim zahvatima biomedicinske tehnologije. Ona se vodi suvremenim tehnolatrijskim moćima moderne eugenike koja opravdava nužnost alteracije prirodnog nasljeđa, a pritom prikriva opasnost diskriminacijske ideologije.