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A metal-free approach to construct indole rings from vinylogous amides derived from o -alkynylanilines involving a cyclization, retro-aza-Michael reaction and amine trapping cascade is reported here. This atom-economical transformation has been extended to synthesize benzofuran derivatives using analogous vinylogous esters derived from o -alkynylphenols. The excellent stereochemical outcome of the double bond geometry in the products makes it attractive.

Avicennia marina mangrove leaves polysaccharide (AMLP) was used for the synthesis of polysaccharide-based selenium (AMLP-SeNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AMLP-AgNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized by UV-Vis, DLS, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, and HR-TEM analysis. A 60-day (8 weeks) feeding trial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AMLP, AMLP-SeNPs, and AMLP-AgNPs dietary supplementation on growth performance parameters, blood parameters, immunological and enzymatic profiles in Cyprinus carpio . The characterization results of AMLP-SeNPs and AMLP-AgNPs confirmed the formation of well-stabilized spherical nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 37.25 and 72.40 nm, respectively having a crystalline structure. The feeding experiment results demonstrated that 2 mg/kg of AMLP-SeNPs followed by 0.2 mg/kg of AMLP-AgNPs showed significantly ( p  ˂ 0.05) higher final weight, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR%), protein and lipid efficiency, and lower food conversion ratio as compared to other groups. The catalase, superoxidase dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly ( p  ˂ 0.05) higher in the group fed 2 mg/kg supplemented AMLP-SeNPs. Total protein and globulin contents were significantly ( p  ˂ 0.05) higher and albumin concentration was significantly lower in fish that received 2 mg/kg of AMLP- SeNPs as compared to control. A significant increase in serum HDL and decrease in LDL and MDA concentrations were observed in the group supplemented with 2 mg/kg of nano selenium. The body's crude lipid, protein, moisture, and ash were not significantly different from the control. The AMLP-SeNPs showed significantly ( p  ˂ 0.05) lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities compared to other test groups. The relative percentage survivability (RPS%) was higher in AMLP-SeNPs (84.6%) followed by AMLP-AgNPs (76.7%) after 8 th weeks of supplementary diets as compared to control groups. Overall, the finding of these studies revealed that the inclusion of AMLP-SeNPs improved the growth performance and antioxidant defense system, enhance immune response, and provide resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common carp., Competing Interests: All the authors of this manuscript declare that there were no conflicts of interest with funding agencies or any other associated research organizations. There is no conflict of interest among the authors Dr.V.Arul Professor Department of Biotechnology Pondicherry University Puducherry-605014 INDIA, (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The reactivity of o -propargyl alcohol benzaldehydes has been increased tremendously toward Brønsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular electrophile intercepted Meyer-Schuster (M-S) rearrangement under acetalization conditions using trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF). The in situ formed acetal transfers the methoxy group intramolecularly to generate the M-S intermediate in even less reactive substrates, and the formed oxocarbenium ion makes the carbonyl more electrophilic for an effective intramolecular trapping of the M-S intermediate to furnish the indanone derivatives.

Neonatal venous cannulation is one of the challenges faced by Anaesthesiologists in routine practice. Neonatal cannulation is extremely difficult and time consuming and it has become an inevitable procedure in neonatal intensive care unit, because of the small vessel diameter and sometimes it is impossible to differentiate between artery and vein. Routinely umbilical vein, scalp vein and peripherally inserted central catheters cannulation are done during initial neonatal period. Central vein cannulation is needed in sick neonates for nutrition, antibiotics, venous sampling, and inotropic support and enables haemodynamics monitoring. Even with the point of care ultrasound, neonatal cannulation is technically challenging in well-experienced hands. Cannulation in a preterm neonate is highly demanding and nightmarish for all intensivists. The present case series aimed to show the successful placement of ultrasound guided supraclavicular subclavian cannulation in a very low birth preterm (less than 1500 gm) in three septic neonates. All three cannulations were done bedside in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with close monitoring of heart rate, pulse oximeter and electrocardiogram. Venipuncture was done under ultrasound guidance. After identifying the anatomic landmarks, subclavian cannulation was done using Seldinger technique. Subclavian cannulation was preferred because of easy accessibility, comfortable fixation and low infection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Patients with chronic pain syndromes, such as those with painful peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes mellitus, have limited treatment options and suffer ongoing attrition of their quality of life. Safer and more effective treatment options are needed. One therapeutic approach encompasses phenotypic characterization of the neuropathic pain subtype, combined with the selection of agents that act on relevant mechanisms. ISC 17536 is a novel, orally available inhibitor of the widely expressed pain receptor, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, which mediates nociceptive signaling in peripheral small nerve fibers. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial, we assessed the safety and efficacy of 28-day administration of ISC 17536 in 138 patients with chronic, painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and used quantitative sensory testing to characterize the baseline phenotype of patients. The primary end point was the change from baseline to end of treatment in the mean 24-hour average pain intensity score based on an 11-point pain intensity numeric rating scale. The study did not meet the primary end point in the overall patient population. However, statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in pain were seen with ISC 17536 in an exploratory hypothesis-generating subpopulation of patients with preserved small nerve fiber function defined by quantitative sensory testing. These results may provide a mechanistic basis for targeted therapy in specific pain phenotypes in line with current approaches of "precision medicine" or personalized pain therapeutics. The hypothesis is planned to be tested in a larger phase 2 study., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.)

In this paper, fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based three-phase shunt active power filter with photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed. This filter comprises voltage source converter (VSC) with DC link capacitor at the input side and is supplied by PV system. The salient feature of the filter is that it provides reactive power compensation with line current harmonic reduction and also neutral compensation at point of common coupling (PCC). The PV system and a battery are connected with VSC through DC-DC converter. This paper also proposes a control algorithm using instantaneous - theory that generates a reference current to counteract the harmonics. The FLC controls the DC link voltage in reference to the above reference current. The performance of the proposed filter for compensation is confirmed by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment and results are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Query expansion is an approach, which plays a critical role on the web-based search and retrieval methods. It's primary objective is to expedite the performance of the retrieval process in retrieving information by merging alternate word forms in the original query. The related word forms are retrievable from the document available in databases, which stores documents with a high density. A typical method for query expansion involves clustering of related documents and extracting closely related expressions using these clusters. However, traditional clustering poses a few problems to query expansion. Biclustering appears to be more effective in query expansion than traditional clustering. Recently a nature-inspired algorithm, namely the stellar mass black hole optimization has been introduced, to carry out the process of biclustering. Modification of the SBO has been performed to propose MSBO. Preliminary results have shown that the proposed modified stellar mass black hole (MSBO) method effectively clusters identical expressions and consequently the detected biclustering algorithms were effective in generating suitable words for expanding a given query. The MSBO has been tested on particular sets of documents with the objective of identifying groups of relevant categories of text that form the biclusters. Thus the proposed MSBO proves to be an effective query expansion tool. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, and on the comparisons performed with the existing methods, it has been found that MSBO is effective in generating results that are encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is a rare, benign, and self-limiting ulcerative lesion, with the tongue being the most common site of occurrence and traumatic inflictions being the common etiology. Case report: A 45-year-old female reported to the dental operatory with a complaint of pain on the left side of her tongue for the past 8 months. Her history revealed that a small ulcer had gradually grown to be 2 cm x 1.5 cm on presentation. She indicated that the ulcer often interfered with her maxillary left canine while occluding. She also gave a history of a tobacco chewing habit for 15 years which she stopped 6 years ago. Clinically she had a single erythematous ulcer with irregular borders and raised margins. The client was treated with surgical excision of the lesion. The excised lesion was confirmed histologically to have eosinophil rich cells and was diagnosed as TUGSE. Conclusion: TUGSE should be recognized and not neglected as it closely resembles malignancies of the oral cavity. It also has a good prognosis and heals rapidly after the surgical excision or on its own with time, which may range from a few weeks to a year., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 CDHA | ACHD.)

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of indole-substituted indanes from o -alkenylbenzaldehydes under acetalization conditions has been presented. The cyclization occurs via a nucleophilic addition of indole on the oxacarbenium ion generated from acetal formed under the reaction condition followed by a conrotatory 4π-electrocyclization reaction, which takes care of the exclusive diastereoselectivity observed during the cyclization step. Olefin geometry of o -alkenylbenzaldehyde and the amount of indole play a decisive role in the success of this cyclization process.

Handling the information is crucial task in healthcare sector; the data mining techniques will be right choice to address the complex problems. The hybridized optimization techniques in big data analytics consider the important part of the healthcare network communication issues in decision making approach of patient information. This article focused on heart disease data mining and relevant issues since the heart diseases are considered as a reason for causing deaths just as for males and females all over the world. So, people need to be conscious of possible aspects of heart disease. Even though genetics has a part, some of the standards of living practiced are the fundamental reasons for the heart disease. The heart diseases are classified by classical techniques with 13 risk factors and helpful variables. The introduced approach delivers a new computing hybrid modeling scheme for detect the heart diseases. This study represents, various existing methods making decisions for cardio vascular risks depends on the artificial neural networks (ANN). This ANN based methods generally anticipated that Heart Failure attributes having same risk involvement to the heart failure diagnosis. In this article the strategy of an effective recognition method is analyzed for analyzing the failure related to heart diseases using a hybridized approach of K-Nearest Neighbor clustering and Spiral optimization in the classification of the cardio vascular risks. The hybridized KNN technique is matched with some data mining techniques like Support vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The experimental results of this work achieved optimized improved results significantly than other machine learning techniques. The illustrative results exposed that the hybrid scheme stated effectually classify heart disease in the way of computing optimized prediction of heart diseases. Overall the proposed algorithm evidence 5% of enhancement in prediction of heart diseases with comparison of other existing machine learning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient way to enhance the energy density of a supercapacitor device is to improve the electrochemical activity of the anode and cathode materials. The electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4 metal oxide is enhanced by assembling a composite with Mn2O3. Herein, a Mn2O3/NiCo2O4 composite material was synthesized via a one-step in situ hydrothermal method, and the electrochemical and electrocatalytic behaviours were studied. The Mn2O3/NiCo2O4 battery-type electrode material exhibited a maximum specific capacity value of 824 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a superior cyclic stability (85%), making it a suitable anode material for supercapacitor application. A Mn2O3/NiCo2O4//AC asymmetric device exhibited maximum energy density and power density values of 48.6 W h kg−1 and 6.4 kW kg−1, respectively. The superior electrochemical performance of the Mn2O3/NiCo2O4 composite material inspired us to apply it as an electrocatalyst for glucose sensing. The limit of glucose detection and the linear range of the Mn2O3/NiCo2O4 electrocatalytic material were 35 μM and 0.01–15 mM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathologies present in the central zone of the mandible are difficult to access, primarily because of the presence of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and the need to remove a large corticocancellous component to reach the area of interest. Many times, this bony window is replaced as a free graft and there is complete resorption in the long term or even rejection of the graft causing a bony defect which can weaken the mandible. Furthermore, the damage to the IAN is profound. To try and avoid these comorbidities the traditional sagittal split osteotomy was modified to access a central osteoma impinging on the IAN and the successful removal of the same without any comorbidities such as paraesthesia or loss of bone structure. We believe that this modification can be used for other scenarios such as benign cysts and difficult presentations of impacted teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential for PPAR agonists to positively affect risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is of persistent attention. The PRESS XII study primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar (2 mg and 4 mg) as compared to pioglitazone 30 mg on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this randomized double-blind study, patients with T2DM [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.5%] were enrolled from 39 sites in India. Patients received once-daily doses of either saroglitazar or pioglitazone (1:1:1 allocation ratio) for a total of 24 weeks. Patients were continued in a double blind extension period for an additional 32 weeks. Efficacy evaluations of glycemic parameters [HbA1c (Primary endpoint at week 24), FPG and PPG] and other lipid parameters (TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, TC, Non HDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo B) were conducted at week 12, 24 and 56 and compared to the baseline levels. The efficacy analyses were performed by using paired t-test and ANCOVA model. Results: A total of 1155 patients were enrolled in this study. The baseline characteristics were similar between the three treatment groups. The within group mean (± SD) change in HbA1c (%) from baseline of the saroglitazar (2 mg and 4 mg) and pioglitazone treatment groups at week 24 were: − 1.38 ± 1.99 for saroglitazar 2 mg; − 1.47 ± 1.92 for saroglitazar 4 mg and − 1.41 ± 1.86 for pioglitazone, respectively. Statistically significant reduction from baseline in HbA1c was observed in each treatment group at week 24 with p-value < 0.016. There was a significant reduction in TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC and Non HDL-C with a significant increase in HDL-C from baseline levels (< 0.016). Most of the AE's were 'mild' to 'moderate' in severity and were resolved by the completion of the study. Conclusions: Saroglitazar effectively improved glycemic control and lipid parameters over 56 weeks in patients of T2DM receiving background metformin therapy and has a promising potential to reduce the cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. Trial registration CTRI/2015/09/006203, dated 22/09/2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a novel technique "alternate iris bypass technique" of iridodialysis repair in four patients experiencing traumatic iridodialysis along with cataract. In these cases, we have combined iridodialysis repair with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The main advantage of this technique is that edges of the iridodialysis can be visible till the end of the repair by bypassing the iris tissue in alternate bites which helps in minimizing the corectopia of the pupil and localized iris clumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but many patients either cannot tolerate it or cannot achieve glycemic control with metformin alone, so treatment with other glucose-lowering agents in combination with metformin is frequently required. Remogliflozin etabonate, a novel agent, is an orally bioavailable prodrug of remogliflozin, which is a potent and selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remogliflozin etabonate compared with dapagliflozin in subjects with T2DM in whom a stable dose of metformin as monotherapy was providing inadequate glycemic control. Methods: A 24-week randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, multicenter, phase III study was conducted in India. Patients aged ≥ 18 and ≤ 65 years diagnosed with T2DM, receiving metformin ≥ 1500 mg/day, and with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥ 7 to ≤ 10% at screening were randomized into three groups. Every patient received metformin ≥ 1500 mg and either remogliflozin etabonate 100 mg twice daily (BID) (group 1, n = 225) or remogliflozin etabonate 250 mg BID (group 2, n = 241) or dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily (QD) in the morning and placebo QD in the evening (group 3, n = 146). The patients were followed-up at weeks 1 and 4 and at 4-week intervals thereafter until week 24. The endpoints included mean change in HbA1c (primary endpoint, noninferiority margin = 0.35), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), bodyweight, blood pressure, and fasting lipids. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), safety laboratory values, electrocardiogram, and vital signs were evaluated. Results: Of 612 randomized patients, 167 (group 1), 175 (group 2), and 103 (group 3) patients with comparable baseline characteristics completed the study. Mean change ± standard error (SE) in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 was − 0.72 ± 0.09, − 0.77 ± 0.09, and − 0.58 ± 0.12% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The difference in mean HbA1c of group 1 versus group 3 (− 0.14%, 90% confidence interval [CI] − 0.38 to 0.10) and group 2 versus group 3 (− 0.19%; 90% CI − 0.42 to 0.05) was noninferior to that in group 3 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between group 1 or group 2 and group 3 in change in FPG, PPG, and bodyweight. The overall incidence of TEAEs was comparable across study groups (group 1 = 32.6%, group 2 = 34.4%, group 3 = 29.5%), including adverse events (AEs) of special interest (hypoglycemic events, urinary tract infection, genital fungal infection). Most TEAEs were mild to moderate in intensity, and no severe AEs were reported. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the noninferiority of remogliflozin etabonate 100 and 250 mg compared with dapagliflozin, from the first analysis of an initial 612 patients. Remogliflozin etabonate therefore may be considered an effective and well-tolerated alternative treatment option for glycemic control in T2DM. Trial Registration: CTRI/2017/07/009121. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare primary and secondary wound closure with a buccal mucosal-advancement flap technique on the postoperative course after mandibular impacted third molar surgery. Methods: The study was conducted on 150 patients who required surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia. The study subjects were divided into three groups of 50 patients each, based on the type of closure over the third molar socket. Patients in group I underwent primary closure of the socket with hermetic suturing of the flap, including the vertical release. In group II, a secondary closure was performed, leaving the socket communicating with the oral cavity. In group III, a buccal mucosal-advancement flap technique was employed to achieve primary closure of the flap over the socket while leaving the anterior vertical release, generously patent. All the patients were assessed for pain using the visual analogue scale (VAS), swelling, and mouth opening at postoperative intervals of 2, 4, and 7 days. The wound healing was assessed on day 7. Results: Patients in the buccal mucosal-advancement flap group had significantly less pain and swelling and increased mouth opening compared with primary and secondary closure. Wound dehiscence was seen in 18 patients and alveolar osteitis in 4 patients in primary closure. Delayed wound healing with food accumulation was seen in 6 patients in secondary closure. No complications of flap dehiscence or breakdown were observed in the buccal mucosal-advancement flap group. Conclusion: This study concludes that the buccal mucosal-advancement flap technique was a superior closure technique with less pain, swelling, trismus, and satisfactory wound healing compared with both primary and secondary closure after mandibular third molar surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we present an interesting method for the construction of a benzene ring using propargylic alcohols and 1,3-dicarbonyls, which involves three new C-C bond formations via cascade alkylation, formylation, annulation, and aromatization to make substituted biaryls. This one-pot Brønsted acid-promoted protocol utilizes the unique reactivity of the acetal formed under the reaction conditions. Alkynyl methyl ketones could be employed instead of 1,3-dicarbonyls as they are converted to 1,3-dicarbonyls by hydration under the reaction conditions.

We describe a novel device, Jagat and Bala Intraocular lens Supporting System (JBISS), an artificial Intraocular lens (IOL) platform that facilitates IOL fixation in an aphakic patient with poor capsular support and also facilitates IOL exchange in case of myopic shift or refractive surprise. Implantation of JBISS along with IOL was carried out in four patients and results are promising without any adverse events., Competing Interests: None

Background: Few preclinical studies have shown that Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation. This pilot study was designed to look at the gut microbiome composition in KOA patients and normal individuals with or without vitamin D deficiency (VDD, serum vitamin D <30 ng/mL)., Methods: This pilot study was conducted prospectively in 24 participants. The faecal samples of all the participants were taken for DNA extraction. The V3-V4 region of 16s rRNA was amplified, and the library was prepared and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform., Results: The mean (±SD) age was 45.5 (±10.2) years with no defined comorbidities. Of 447 total Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), a differential abundance of 16 nominally significant OTUs between the groups was observed. Linear discriminate analysis (LEfSe) revealed a significant difference in bacteria among the study groups. Pseudobutyrivibrio and Odoribacter were specific for VDD, while Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas and Gordonibacter were abundant in the KOA&#95;VDD group, and Peptococcus, Intestimonas, Delftia and Oribacterium were abundant in the KOA group. About 80% of bacterial species were common among different groups and hence labelled as core bacterial species. However, the core microbiome of KOA and VDD groups were not seen in the KOA&#95;VDD group, suggesting that these bacterial groups were affected by the interaction of the KOA and VDD factors., Conclusion: Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Odoribacter and Gordonibacter are the predominant bacteria in vitamin D deficient patients with or without KOA. Together these results indicate an association between the gut microbiome, vitamin D and knee osteoarthritis.

Herein, a facile diversity-oriented approach to access functionalized benzo[ a ]fluorenes, benzo[ b ]fluorenones, and naphthyl ketones has been demonstrated via site-selective intramolecular cyclization of aryl-fused 1,6-diyn-3-ones. Synthesis of benzo[ a ]fluorenes and naphthyl ketones has been achieved selectively using TfOH and AgBF 4 , respectively, via in situ-formed acetals. Aryl-fused 1,6-diyn-3-ones undergo triflic acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization, leading to benzo[ b ]fluorenone derivatives via a radical intermediate as supported by EPR studies. Kinetic studies of these transformations have also been performed by UV-visible spectroscopic analysis to shed light on the reaction profile.

In this research work, the conventional single slope still (CSS) with egg shells of breed Gallus gallus domesticus cascara as sensible heat storage (SHS) material are studied experimentally to enhance the yield. In this experimental investigation, the proposed single slope still (PSS) with SHS material was made in comparison with the CSS to evaluate the productivity of fresh water under the same ambient conditions. Comparatively, this PSS has higher thermal conductivity than the CSS. The yield obtained from the PSS is 2.46 L/m 2 , while the yield from the CSS is 2.07 L/m 2 . The average rate at which the rise of output fresh water obtained from the PSS is 18% more than the fresh water output obtained from the CSS. The daily energy efficiency of the PSS is 26.07%, and for the CSS, it is only 22.25%. The daily exergy efficiency of the PSS is 2.36%, and for the CSS, it is only 1.67%. Since using the egg shell will employ as organic waste management and modification in this still is economical, less initial, and maintenance cost.