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Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disease in which obsessive thoughts about body image, shape, or weight are expressed. The intensity of these concerns varies among individuals, and only a few studies have focused on their impact on patients' clinical course when patients are treated on an outpatient basis. Our study aimed to determine whether marked body concerns at inclusion were predictive of the one‐year follow‐up. Method: Participants (N = 72) were women seeking treatment for AN in a specialized unit for eating disorder management. All participants were assessed at inclusion and at the 1‐year follow‐up. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Morgan & Russel Outcome Average Score (MROAS), and body concerns were assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaires (BSQ). Results: Marked body concerns (BSQ score >140) at inclusion were associated with a poorer outcome at the 12‐month follow‐up (lower MROAS "total score"). Other characteristics at inclusion that were predictive of a poorer outcome at 12 months were as follows: higher severity of ED at inclusion, longer hospitalization during follow‐up, and experiencing a lower impact of the illness on school/work life. Discussion: The results confirmed the importance of a multifocal treatment that should address body concerns and motivation to change. Our results also highlighted the necessity of promoting the maintenance of school/work during the treatment course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Políticas Culturais em Revista is the property of Politicas Culturais em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Toni Morrison's project of reimagining individual memories of the African American past has been immortalized by the image of the chokecherry tree of scar tissue on Sethe's back in Beloved. Invisible and dumb for Sethe, the scars have to be faced and interpreted with the help of others in order to process traumatic memories of the slave past. The image questions a presumed opposition between objects of memory as separate from subjects of memory, as the wound, the supposed object is located in the body of the subject, Sethe. Body marks of the past also appear in Morrison's novels after 2003, which are generally considered sparse compared to her previous texts. Relying on Marianne Hirsch's method of reading how body marks create a "sense memory" of traumatic experience, the paper explores the webs of meaning invoked by bodily wounds and other extended objects of memory in Morrison's late novels. The paper claims that although these novels continue to rely on the representation and processing of sense memories, they represent a truncated version compared to earlier novels, in which wounds figure not so much as metaphoric nodes of interaction, but rather as themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online contexts offer an important source of information and emotional support for those facing involuntary childlessness. Th is article reports the results from an ethnographic exploration of TTC (trying-to-conceive) communication on Instagram. Th rough a new materialist approach that pays attention to the web of intra-acting agencies in online communication, this article explores the question of what material-discursive bodies (constructs of embodiment and medical information) emerge in TTC communication as the result of shared images and narratives of bodies, symptoms, fertility treatments, and reproductive technologies. Drawing on a lengthy ethnographic immersion, observations of 394 Instagram accounts, and the close analysis of 100 posts, the study found that TTC communication produces collective, unruly, and becoming bodies. Collective bodies reflect collectively acquired, solidified, and contested medical knowledge and bodies produced in TTC communication. Unruly bodies are bodies that do not conform to standard medical narratives. Becoming bodies are marked by their shifting agency, such as pregnant or fetal bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk that stoats can detect, and become averse to, human scent on traps, baits and tracking tunnels is an important but unsolved question. In this pilot study, the scent marking behaviour of three female and five male captive stoats was observed in response to three experimental scents, two neutral and one potentially significant, introduced into their home cages. Each stoat was presented with a random sequence of three scents rubbed onto a plastic refuge tube within the cage: (1) a clean, washed tube; (2) goat odour, expected to be perceptible by the stoat but not threatening to it; (3) the body scent of male humans (because all eight stoats were accustomed to being fed by a female human carer). We observed scent marking behaviours such as tube sniffing, anal gland marking and body rubbing during all trials. When the treatment tube was rubbed with 'male human odour', stoats reacted strongly and more often, both by more vigorous anal gland marking and also by adding head-rubbing behaviours which normally convey an agonistic response. These results suggest that an extensive field trial could be justified to check whether this response might indicate the reactions of wild stoats towards traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes new dimensions of the process of racialization in eighteenth-century Brazil. It argues that colonial society did not racialize Africans as a homogeneous mass but used several social technologies to make sense of the diversity of their origins. The creation of blackness involved an intense production of knowledge on their origins by means of cultural and visual markers (mainly scarification) associated with the stereotyping label 'nação' (nation), and at the same time the use of phenotypic markers that functioned as common denominators of their difference from Europeans. The article contends that these two dimensions of the construction of African difference were not successive, as if one were a stage of the other, as if society first dealt with the diversity of origins and then reduced them to the category 'negro'. In fact these two instances were interdependent, relational, and hence facets of the same historical phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines the long-term historical development of body modification in East (Northeast and Southeast) Asia, from the intentionally transformative practices of prehistory, such as tattooing and tooth blackening, to the "naturalistic" practices of the 20th century, such as cosmetic surgery, which aim to leave no visible evidence of change. Attention is also paid to the recent postmodern revival of transformative body fashions. Asian developments are discussed in global context, and comparative international statistics are provided on cosmetic surgery prevalence. The remainder of the article addresses important questions of interpretation. To what extent does Asia's current cosmetic surgery boom reflect universal processes and experiences of modernity, and to what extent culturally specific desires and developments? To what extent are current Asian beauty ideals and practices, notably the almost universal desire for fair skin, variations on indigenous traditions, legacies of colonialism, products of Western cultural hegemony, or consequences of a broader, cosmopolitan globalisation? A final section asks whether the recent expansionary trend in cosmetic body modification is likely to continue undiminished, or encounter effective forces of opposition in Asian societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although all forms of body fashion, from ancient to modern, entail a degree of manipulation, the styles found among Japanese youth are often construed by older Japanese and outside critics as nothing more than contamination from Euro–American beauty ideology. Yet we are missing something if the only interpretation we imagine is failed imitation of foreign bodies. Japan's own thriving media and popular culture industries are potent sources for youth body styles and fashions. This article points to ways that beauty experimentation should be viewed as much more than a simplistic type of deracialisation. Young people playfully critique notions of gender and racial homogeneity through their body modification and cosmetic surgery projects. These new body forms represent an undermining of the ethnic homogeneity their parents endorsed and reified. They relate to notions about individualism which in turn are tied to easily available beauty technologies. In addition, different zones and features of the body may have different cultural histories. Body traits that will be explored (eye shape, eye colour, hair colour, skin tanning) are discussed in terms of their own complex histories and associated beauty ideologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 1970s new ideas and practices from across the Atlantic changed British psychotherapy. Many methods were marked by a stress on the body, emotion, and catharsis, with some focused on 'abreaction'. This tendency was influential enough to prompt R. D. Laing, the most important British psychiatrist of the day, to develop his own system of US-inspired 'rebirthing'. Although hopes for the widespread adoption of American methods were soon dashed, many London-based practitioners carried the new therapeutic techniques into the wider world, expanding the transatlantic space of 1970s psychotherapy into a transnational one. This history reinforces Howard Malchow's thesis that US influence was a dominant force in the British counterculture, but the relative failure of translating American practices into the new national environment indicates that the cultural and institutional differences between the two countries should not be underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mini: This study is a comprehensive narrative of all wrong-level spine surgeries and prevention strategies employed at our institution between 2008 and 2019, and aims to provide a roadmap for developing a rigorous prevention protocol. We systematically track root cause analyses and policy changes to determine which prevention strategies are most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article turns to Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors (1594) in order to revise critical accounts of globalization and to propose a contrasting notion of "world" as a function of affective experience, collective narration, and virtual witnessing. Shakespeare's play captures how a newly global imaginary was beginning to disrupt many of the foundations of personal identity and the familiar reference points of the worlds that sustained it. The Comedy of Errors acknowledges the integrative effects of a globalizing system while also emphasizing its multiply-centered, regional specificity; Shakespeare models not a single, totalizing globality but a plurality of worlds characterized by continuous rupture, reconfiguration, and an ongoing state of in-betweenness. Not only does the play illuminate a non-Eurocentric view of globalization but it explores the alienation that attends migration and displacement at a global scale and the ways these movements mark the body for violence and refigure the human relationships that bond people together. In doing so, the play reveals an experience of exclusion that is constitutive of race insofar as its somatic determinations follow a logic that is both incomprehensible and absolute. The play also demonstrates how dramatic processes of collective story-telling and mutual witnessing can re-world both subject and community alike, showing us how "globalization" is an historically-contingent iteration of "worlding" that is neither static, inevitable, nor permanent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study traces a brief history of the inequalities faced by Black women concerning beauty and the body, before exploring the lived experiences of ten London Black women. The interviews explored women's lived experience of three different beauty practices: 1) skin lightening; and/or 2) hair straightening to fit with a white aesthetically pleasing ideal; and 3) body modifications, specifically buttock enhancement, reflecting a growing trend that resists the normative thin white ideal by celebrating (and surgically enhancing) the curvaceous female Black body. Four intertwined themes emerged from the analysis: racism, identity, social capital, and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between tourism and hospitality manager's perceptions of visible body modification (VBM) and recruitment and operational practices. It examines how managers evaluate, recruit and manage the appearance of employees with VBM. Qualitative research was undertaken, consisting of 14 semi-structured interviews with tourism managers in the North East of England. The interviews were thematically coded and analysed. It is demonstrated that managers recognize VBM as expressions of socio-cultural trends, however their personal experiences, values, expectations, knowledge and attitudes towards VBM may influence hiring practices. Organizations must continue to review their recruitment and operational policies to reflect the evolving socio-cultural values in contemporary society to be more inclusive and provide guidance and clarity concerning VBM. This study offers some important insights into the phenomena by developing an understanding of employees with VBM from the employer's lens, exploring employers' perceptions through their personal emotions, assumptions, misconceptions and societal expectations of the modern world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body/corporeity is the human being's condition; and the radicalization of existence is enclosed in the body, in the movement towards the world and other subject-bodies, through experience. Merleau-Ponty (2011) understands the human being through the body perception in the sensitive world. However, due to issues constructed throughout history, the black body has assumed a (dis)construction, on account of the actions of racism that divided people in colonial societies between whites and blacks. To the latter, forms of treatment deprived the humanity of the black body/corporeity. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present Merleau-Ponty's proposal of body/corporeity in line with the black body in a society marked by racialization. In light of the discussions, one can see a dialectic when analyzing the black body/corporeity in a society built on structural racism, since what defines it as a being, according to Merleau-Ponty, is the same dehumanizing factor - its body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The visualization of the tibial nerve and its branches in the ankle canal is helpful for the diagnosis of local lesions and compression, and it is also useful for clinical observation and surgical planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of three-dimensional dual-excitation balanced steady-state free precession sequence (3D-FIESTA-C) multiplanar reformation (MPR) display of the tibial nerve and its branches in the ankle canal. Methods: The subjects were 20 healthy volunteers (40 ankles), aged 22–50 years, with no history of ankle joint disease. The 3D-FIESTA-C sequence was used in the 3.0 T magnetic resonance equipment for imaging. During scanning, each foot was at an angle of 90° to the tibia. The tibial nerve of the ankle canal and its branches were displayed and measured at the same level through MPR. Results: Most of the tibial nerve bifurcation points were located in the ankle canal (57.5%), few bifurcation points (42.5%) were located at the proximal end of the ankle canal, and none of them were found away from the distal end. The bifurcation between the medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve was on the line between the tip of the medial malleolus and the calcaneus, and it's angle ranged between 6° and 35°. In MPR images, the display rates of both the medial calcaneal nerve and the subcalcaneal nerve were 100%, and the starting point of the subcalcaneal nerve was always at the distal end of the starting point of the medial calcaneal nerve. In 55% of cases, there were more than two medial calcaneal nerve innervations. Conclusion: The 3D-FIESTA-C MPR can display the morphological features and positions of the tibial nerve and its branches and the bifurcation point's projection position can be marked on the body surface. This method not only benefited the imaging diagnosis of the tibial nerve and branch-related lesions in the ankle canal, but it also provided a good imaging basis to plan a clinical operation of the ankle canal and avoid surgical injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do individuals modify their bodies in order to be unique? The present study sought to investigate need for uniqueness (NfU) subcomponents as possible motives for modifying one's body. To this end, the study obtained information from 312 participants about their NfU (using the German NfU-G global scale and three sub-scales) and their body modifications (tattoos, piercings, and extreme body modifications such as tongue splitting). By analyzing the three subcomponents of NfU, the study was able to investigate the differential relationship of the sub-scales with the outcome measures, which facilitated a fine-grained understanding of the NfU–body-modification relationship. The study found that tattooed, pierced, and extreme-body-modified individuals had higher NfU-G scores than individuals without body modifications. Moreover, it seemed that individuals with tattoos took a social component into consideration while lacking concern regarding others' reaction toward their tattoos, although not wanting to cause affront. Pierced and extreme-body-modified individuals, contrarily, tended to display a propensity to actively flout rules and not worry about others' opinions on their modifications. However, although statistically significant, the effect size (d) for the NfU-G differences in the tattooed and pierced participants' mean scores was small to medium in all three subcomponents. The extreme-body-modified group presented medium and medium to large effects. Further, the study observed that the number of body modifications increased with an increasing NfU in tattooed and pierced individuals. These findings demonstrated multifaceted interrelations between the NfU, its subcomponents, and the three kinds of body modifications investigated in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptions of clothing and body modification in the Hebrew Bible often communicate information about the wearers' identities, emotions, and changes of status. Dress studies is an interdisciplinary pursuit that has expanded greatly since the 1980s as part of a wider academic recognition that the human body is a primary site of cultural construction. Hebrew Bible scholars have increasingly recognized the value of this approach with regard to biblical texts and continue to explore its multifaceted dimensions. The studies to date include examinations of permanent body modifications in the Hebrew Bible: circumcision, scarification, tattooing, and piercing. Scholars have also analyzed temporary body modifications, such as styling or cutting the hair and applying cosmetics. Additionally, there are studies of the supplements added to the body, most notably clothing and jewelry. When examined in their social context, biblical descriptions of clothing and body modification reveal important information about the figures involved, the development of a narrative, and the ideologies of biblical writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds upon historico-epistemological analyses of plasticity across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to distinguish among uses of this notion in contemporary epigenetics. By digging into this diachronic phase of plasticity thinking, we highlight a series of historically situated understandings and pragmatic dimensions of this notion. Specifically, our analysis describes four distinct phases in plasticity thinking across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: (1) plasticity as chemical modification of the body by its milieu; (2) plasticity as explanandum for the modifications of life's ontogenetic and phylogenetic substrates; (3) plasticity as mechanistic process in need of distinct explanations in ontogeny and phylogeny; and (4) plasticity as responsive potential to perturbations of a complex genetic system of development. These four versions of plasticity provide, in turn, the opportunity to discern synchronically the uses of this notion in epigenetic biosciences. Fleshing out these historical ramifications animating the present, we argue, highlights a fundamental epistemological disagreement at the basis of the controversies around the definition, scope, and epistemic priorities of epigenetics: how to reconcile the contemporary epistemologies of plasticity that hold epigenetic marks capable of bearing the material impression of the environment with those grounded on a strong view of (epigenetic) plasticity as operating under genetic control? Parallel to this analysis of the epistemic space of plasticity from the nineteenth century onward, we show how these distinct modes of understanding body–environment relationships also constituted conceptual, representational, and experimental resources for understanding the entanglement between life as a biological and socially situated phenomenon. These different traces of biosocial thinking ante litteram, we conclude, provide a blueprint to interrogate today's assumptions, values, (social) ontologies, and political leanings behind similar attempts to interpret the biosocial nexus that links our biology with its material, social, and cultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadnose sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) show great interest for bait and display a repertoire of movements while engaging with it. A novel back‐thrust mechanism is described in wild sevengill sharks by which individuals back up from a negative stimulus while interacting with baited video stations. This mechanism initiates upon head contact with the device that functions as a negative stimulus eliciting a startle escape‐like response. By heavily flipping pectoral fins and curving the body, sharks increase hydrodynamic resistance, backing up from the negative stimulus. Once backed up, sharks performed the common C‐shaped double‐bend escape maneuver described for sharks. Sharks also used the same back‐thrust mechanism as a repositioning maneuver, but not as part of a startle response. The quantification of the turning rate indicated context‐dependent variation in velocity and confirmed that the majority of withdrawals corresponded to slow escape‐like motions. In general, an elongated body and individual flipping control of pectoral fins allowed for great maneuverability and lateral flexure. Sharks exhibited great tolerance to one another during double and triple encounters. The implications for grouping and social hunting of the species are briefly discussed based on past evidence and the movement behavior, gregarious interactions, and body markings observed in the present study. This work highlights the importance of studies in the natural environment and the use of complementary approaches to investigate the broader range of locomotor aspects of different shark species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article informs that human beings are actively engaged in a continuous process of self-construction due to socialization, acculturation, and deliberate practices of body modifications. It is noted that the role of social media applications like Instagram as mediators of hegemonic models of beauty, success, competitiveness and high-standard performance. It is noted that individualism, narcissism and perfectionism are all figures of loneliness.

Copyright of Forum Historiae Iuris is the property of Forum Historiae Iuris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Id. ("[B]usinesses must affirmatively delete or return personal data - or retain data such that it is not "personal" - if retaining such data is not essential for the purposes for which the data was collected."). PRIVATE SECTOR USE OF DATA: THE REGULATORY WILD-WEST A. Inadequate Personal Data Protection Data Privacy laws in the United States are sector-specific in nature and primarily state-based. Birnbaum (Do Not Delete) 3/15/2021 4:17 PM ZACHARY PAUL BIRNBAUM Journal of Business & Technology Law 141 these without fear of their data being compromised by low-level actors due to a lack of expertise when it came to securing the network. Birnbaum (Do Not Delete) 3/15/2021 4:17 PM Journal of Business & Technology Law 119 Regulating the Cyberpunk Reality: Private Body Modification and the Dangers of "Body Hacking" ZACHARY PAUL BIRNBAUM* © I. INTRODUCTION Private Body Modification ("PBM"), and particularly cybernetic implants, have been contemplated in popular culture and science-fiction for the better part of a century. Birnbaum (Do Not Delete) 3/15/2021 4:17 PM ZACHARY PAUL BIRNBAUM Journal of Business & Technology Law 133 compromise of personal information must also be considered. [Extracted from the article]

This article builds from scholarship on anti-Blackness in education and spatial imaginaries in geography to theorize an anti-Black spatial imaginary as the prevailing spatial logic that has shaped the configuration and character of American social intuitions, including K-12 schools. As a spatial imaginary, anti-Blackness is circulated through discourses, images, and texts that tell a story of Blackness as a problem, non-human, and placeless. Anchored by the assumption that Black populations are spatially illegitimate, the anti-Black spatial imaginary marks Black bodies as undesirable and therefore extractable from spaces and places that have been envisioned for their exclusion. I consider schools as sites spatialized terror where the exhibitions of terror consist of forcing students to observe other Black bodies being forcibly removed from the classroom and school community; constant rejection of Black language, traditions, music preferences, and other cultural forms of expression; the obliteration of Black names and identities. I offer ways that school leaders can unsettle the anti-Black spatial imaginary to transform schools as sites of holistic healing and possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) in India was realized along the lines of Maoist ideology through the Naxalite insurgency in the 1960s. Novelists have attempted to grasp the mood of this decade of liberation through fiction. This article attempts to study two novels which document the formative years of the Naxalite movement in West Bengal. Translated works from Bengali, Mahasweta Devi's Mother of 1084 (1974) and Bani Basu's The Enemy Within (1991) foreground the necropolitical policies of the demonic state in eliminating these Naxal names. State and non-state actors obliterate the question of the Naxal's identity (enmeshed with his mind and body), making it the focal point of the analysis. Drawing abundantly on concepts of homo sacer, necropolitics, McCarthyism, and democide, the analysis demonstrates that the protagonists are typical of what modern biopolitical states do to non-conformist subjects by creating death worlds. This article is an attempt at understanding the nuances of a sociopolitical movement through literature as social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying individuals with natural markings is increasing in popularity to non-invasively support population studies. However, applying natural variation among individuals requires careful evaluation among target species, snakes for example have little validation of such methods. Here we introduce a mark-free identification method for King Cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, in northeast Thailand using both subcaudal scale pholidosis (scale arrangement and number) and unique ventral body markings to distinguish individuals. This project aims to evaluate the impact of observer error on individual identification. Observers of varying expertise, will distinguish between King Cobra individuals using identifying photographs from a previous study. We will ask randomly assigned observers to distinguish individuals via: 1) subcaudal pholidosis, 2) ventral body markings, and 3) combination of both measures. Using Bayesian logistic regression, we will assess the probability observers correctly distinguish individuals. Based on exploratory observations, we hypothesise that there will be a high probability of correct identifications using subcaudal pholidosis and ventral body markings. We aim to stimulate other studies implementing identification techniques for scrutinous assessment of such methods, in order to avoid subsequent errors during long-term population studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tadpoles of the Neotropical genus Atelopus are only known for 26 out of 96 species described. Here, we describe the tadpoles of A. elegans and A. palmatus including ontogenetic information, measurements, and images of individuals in several stages of growth. Both species are compared with their congeners taking into account some relevant features such as the coloration and relative measurements. Our description focuses on the abdominal sucker and mouth by providing scanning electron microscopy images and comparing the suctorial mechanism with other groups of anurans and fish. We also provide an update to knowledge of the abdominal suckers, and information about their lateral line system and the distribution of their lateral line openings. The results show that brown marks over a tan surface and an irregular distribution of marks along the body and tail are unique to A. elegans; while a patterned distribution of contrasting marks, and the presence of submarginal papillae are unique to A. palmatus. Also, both species show differences in the structures of their teeth. Finally, we conclude that some characters such as coloration, presence or absence of some structures, and relative measurements are useful for identifying the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an overview on the effect of porosity on free vibrations and more importantly aeroelastic stability margins of cylindrical shells. A general formulation for cylindrical shells is first developed including the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia along with Sander's rigid body rotation modification. Two porosity distributions of even and uneven are considered for functionally graded shells. The most general form of power-law model which is known as four-parameter power-law is utilized to provide a clear understanding for the qualification of functionally graded material. A Ritz-based solution algorithm being capable of representing all combinations of symmetric and asymmetric boundary conditions by a penalty method is also introduced. In addition to the capability of satisfying all boundary conditions, the presented solution method is very fast in terms of convergence and computational effort. Various parametric studies are provided and practical results are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of grenadier, Coelorinchus posteromaculatus, is described from nine specimens collected from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean at depths of 100–323 m. This species belongs to the Coelorinchus argentatus group (defined here to include 13 species), but differs from other members of that group in its unique body markings consisting of a single, prominent, lateral, dark blotch on the anterior part of the tail, and a slightly diagonal, narrow, dark stripe extending from the upper margin of the gill opening to below the first dorsal-fin midbase or beyond. Coelorinchus posteromaculatus is most similar to C. gaesorhynchus Iwamoto and Williams 1999 and C. longissimus Matsubara 1943, but further differs from the former in its much shorter snout (74–91% of postrostral length vs. 93–100% in C. gaesorhynchus), and from the latter in its relatively small mouth (upper-jaw length 38–43% of postrostral length vs. 42–49%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes female body docilization strategies through the profiles of Eva Andressa and Gabriela Pugliesi. two famous fitness muses on Instagram. Both come in different ways: Andressa is adept at bodybuilding and protein supplementation, and Pugliesi maintains a slender body based on regular physical activity and vegan nutrition. By observing their posts and commenting, we note that their bodies are marked by distinct ways of constructing femininity: one is questioned by excess muscle, and the other is hailed by the thin, more delicate and feminine body. Nevertheless, we conclude that the two assert themselves as experts from their own bodies and from their self-care experiences recognized as successful by their followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by accelerated aging, but the age-related changes in body composition and its modification by sex and race are unclear. Methods We assembled a cohort of 516 patients with CKD and 45 healthy controls and serially measured body composition using air-displacement plethysmography for up to 6 years. Mixed models were used to evaluate simultaneously the baseline and longitudinal changes in body composition as influenced by age, sex and race. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with CKD had a greater weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM) and percent body fat (BF%), but the changes over time in body composition were similar. Older age (>60 years) was a strong determinant of loss of weight, BMI, FM and fat-free mass (FFM), but not BF%. Compared with non-blacks, blacks had a higher FFM at baseline, but they lost FFM more rapidly. Compared with women, men had an accelerated loss of FFM and accumulation of FM. Taking interactions into account, we found that young black men had no significant change in weight due to the loss of FFM and the accumulation of FM, thereby masking obesity by conventional measurements. Conclusion Among patients with CKD, the changes in body composition are influenced by age, sex and race. Young black men have changes in body composition that may remain undetectable by conventional methods thus masking the occurrence of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several major religions exhibit complex attitudes towards self-mutilation and adornment. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity forbid marking the body and associate it with sin. Still, many people apparently have continued to feel a need for confirmation of their religion and their religious journeys by marking their bodies. This ethnographic study focuses on the recent situation in pilgrimage tattooing, utilising the local and daily processes of a tattoo shop called Razzouk Tattoo located in the Christian quarter of the old city of Jerusalem. The aim of this paper is not only to give a panoptic view of the tattoo studio but also to shed light on the transformations that take place in pilgrimage tattooing. In addition, I also want to demonstrate how the client-tattoo bearers legitimise their own tattoos through various narratives that ascribe deep semantic meaning to their images and words. To do this, I will first give a brief historical background of the pilgrimage tattoo tradition in the Holy Land, followed by a discussion of the transition from traditional pilgrim-tattoos to current trends, to create new specific categories of tattoo bearers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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All tRNAs are extensively modified, and modification deficiency often results in growth defects in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurological or other disorders in humans. In S. cerevisiae, lack of any of several tRNA body modifications results in rapid tRNA decay (RTD) of certain mature tRNAs by the 5'-3' exonucleases Rat1 and Xrn1. As tRNA quality control decay mechanisms are not extensively studied in other eukaryotes, we studied trm8Δ mutants in the evolutionarily distant fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which lack 7-methylguanosine at G46 (m7G46) of their tRNAs. We report here that S. pombe trm8Δ mutants are temperature sensitive primarily due to decay of tRNATyr(GUA) and that spontaneous mutations in the RAT1 ortholog dhp1+ restored temperature resistance and prevented tRNA decay, demonstrating conservation of the RTD pathway. We also report for the first time evidence linking the RTD and the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathways, which we show in both S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. In S. pombe trm8Δ mutants, spontaneous GAAC mutations restored temperature resistance and tRNA levels, and the trm8Δ temperature sensitivity was precisely linked to GAAC activation due to tRNATyr(GUA) decay. Similarly, in the well-studied S. cerevisiae trm8Δ trm4Δ RTD mutant, temperature sensitivity was closely linked to GAAC activation due to tRNAVal(AAC) decay; however, in S. cerevisiae, GAAC mutations increased tRNA loss and exacerbated temperature sensitivity. A similar exacerbated growth defect occurred upon GAAC mutation in S. cerevisiae trm8Δ and other single modification mutants that triggered RTD. Thus, these results demonstrate a conserved GAAC activation coincident with RTD in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, but an opposite impact of the GAAC response in the two organisms. We speculate that the RTD pathway and its regulation of the GAAC pathway is widely conserved in eukaryotes, extending to other mutants affecting tRNA body modifications. Author summary: tRNA modifications are highly conserved and their lack frequently results in growth defects in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and neuorological disorders in humans. S. cerevsiaie has two tRNA quality control decay pathways that sense tRNAs lacking modifications in the main tRNA body. One of these, the rapid tRNA decay (RTD) pathway, targets mature tRNAs for 5'-3' exonucleolytic decay by Rat1 and Xrn1. It is unknown if RTD is conserved in eukaryotes, and if it might explain phenotypes associated with body modification defects. Here we focus on trm8Δ mutants, lacking m7G46, in the evolutionarily distant yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Loss of m7G causes temperature sensitivity and RTD in S. cerevisiae, microcephalic primordial dwarfism in humans, and defective stem cell renewal in mice. We show that S. pombe trm8Δ mutants are temperature sensitive due to tY(GUA) decay by Rat1/Dhp1, implying conservation of RTD among divergent eukaryotes. We also show that the onset of RTD triggers activation of the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway in both S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, resulting in further tRNA loss in S. pombe and reduced tRNA loss in S. cerevisiae. We speculate that RTD and its GAAC regulation will be widely conserved in eukaryotes including humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]