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201. Implicit transgender attitudes independently predict beliefs about gender and transgender people

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Conway, Morgan Anna, additional, Westgate, Erin Corwin, additional, and Buttrick, Nick, additional
Published: 2020
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202. Re-assessing the incremental predictive validity of Implicit Association Tests

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Buttrick, Nick, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, and Huband, Jacalyn, additional
Published: 2019
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203. An examination of ingroup preferences among people with multiple socially stigmatized identities.

Author: Jiang, Congjiao, Vitiello, Christine, Axt, Jordan R., Campbell, Jessica T., and Ratliff, Kate A.
Subjects: BLACK men, BLACK people, WHITE women, IMPLICIT attitudes, DISABILITIES
Abstract: The current study uses large datasets from the Project Implicit website to better understand the role of belonging to multiple stigmatized groups on ingroup attitudes. Participants from stigmatized groups completed explicit and implicit measures of attitudes in three domains – race, sexuality, and disability. Our investigation focused on whether occupying multiple stigmatized identities (compared to a single stigmatized identity) is associated with the magnitude of ingroup preferences on a single dimension. The results showed that: (1) there is considerable variation in the strength of ingroup favoritism across members of stigmatized groups, (2) Black people (particularly Black men) showed the weakest levels of ingroup preference, and (3) White women in particular showed the greatest degree of ingroup preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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204. How Can Debiasing Research Aid Efforts to Reduce Discrimination?

Author: Axt, Jordan and To, Jeffrey
Abstract: Understanding and reducing intergroup discrimination is at the forefront of psychological research. However, efforts to find flexible, scalable, and durable interventions to reduce discrimination have produced only mixed results. In this review, we highlight one potential avenue for developing new strategies for addressing discrimination: adapting prior research on debiasing—the process of lessening bias in judgment errors (e.g., motivated reasoning, overconfidence, and the anchoring heuristic). We first introduce a taxonomy for understanding intervention strategies that are common in the debiasing literature, then highlight existing approaches that have already proven successful for decreasing intergroup discrimination. Finally, we draw attention to promising debiasing interventions that have not yet been applied to the context of discrimination. A greater understanding of prior efforts to mitigate judgment biases more generally can expand efforts to reduce discrimination.Scientists studying intergroup biases are often concerned with lessening discrimination (unequal treatment of one social group versus another), but many interventions for reducing such biased behavior have weak or limited evidence. In this review article, we argue one productive avenue for reducing discrimination comes from adapting interventions in a separate field—judgment and decision-making—that has historically studied “debiasing”: the ways people can lessen the unwanted influence of irrelevant information on decision-making. While debiasing research shares several commonalities with research on reducing intergroup discrimination, many debiasing interventions have relied on methods that differ from those deployed in the intergroup bias literature. We review several instances where debiasing principles have been successfully applied toward reducing intergroup biases in behavior and introduce other debiasing techniques that may be well-suited for future efforts in lessening discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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205. Reducing social judgment biases may require identifying the potential source of bias

Author: Axt, Jordan, Casola, Grace, and Nosek, Brian
Subjects: PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Intragroup Processes, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Cognition, Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Politics, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Creativity, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Individual Differences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Nonverbal Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Theories of Personality, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interventions, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Narrative Research, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Diversity, Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Genetic factors, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Moral Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interpersonal Relationships, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Situations, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality Processes, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Impression Formation, Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Testing and Assessment, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Violence and Aggression, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Disability, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self-regulation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Achievement and Status, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Motivational Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prejudice and Discrimination, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prosocial Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Well-being, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Influence, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Affect and Emotion Regulation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self-esteem, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Well-being, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Intergroup Processes, FOS: Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Sexuality, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Cultural Differences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Trait Theory, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self and Social Identity, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Religion and Spirituality, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Attitudes and Persuasion
Abstract: Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven pre-registered studies (Total N > 7,000), we investigated whether asking participants to avoid one social bias impacted that and other social biases. Participants selected honor society applicants based on academic credentials. Applicants also differed on social categories irrelevant for selection: attractiveness and ingroup status. Participants asked to avoid potential bias in one social category showed small but reliable reductions in bias for that category (r = .095), but showed near zero bias reduction on the unmentioned social category (r = .006). Asking participants to avoid many possible social biases or alerting them to bias without specifically identifying a category did not consistently reduce bias. The effectiveness of interventions for reducing social biases may be highly specific, perhaps even contingent on explicitly and narrowly identifying the potential source of bias.
Published: 2018

206. Supplemental Material, SPPS799067_suppl_mat - Group Status Modulates the Associative Strength Between Status Quo Supporting Beliefs and Anti-Black Attitudes

Author: Chadly Stern and Axt, Jordan R.
Subjects: FOS: Psychology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
Abstract: Supplemental Material, SPPS799067_suppl_mat for Group Status Modulates the Associative Strength Between Status Quo Supporting Beliefs and Anti-Black Attitudes by Chadly Stern, and Jordan R. Axt in Social Psychological and Personality Science
Published: 2018
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207. Klein_Open_Practices_Disclosure – Supplemental material for Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Mayowa T. Babalola, Štěpán Bahník, Rishtee Batra, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Evans Dami Binan, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Huajian Cai, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Jen-Ho Chang, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Winnee Cheong, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Fiery Cushman, Zubairu K. Dagona, Ilker Dalgar, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Davis, William E., Bruijn, Maaike De, Schutter, Leander De, Devos, Thierry, Vries, Marieke De, Canay Doğulu, Nerisa Dozo, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Yarrow Dunham, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Tanuka Ghoshal, Giessner, Steffen R., Tripat Gill, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G. T., Kakul Hai, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, IJzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, Melissa-Sue John, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Nikolette P. Lipsey, Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Winfrida Malingumu, Mallett, Robyn K., Satia A. Marotta, Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Taciano L. Milfont, Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’Donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C. H. J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Manini Srivastava, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N. H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C. W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Aert, Robbie C. M. Van, Assen, Marcel A. L. M. Van, Hulst, Marije Van Der, Lange, Paul A. M. Van, Anna Elisabeth Van ’T Veer, Echeverría, Alejandro Vásquez, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Subjects: FOS: Psychology, FOS: Clinical medicine, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
Abstract: Supplemental material, Klein_Open_Practices_Disclosure for Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings by Richard A. Klein, Michelangelo Vianello, Fred Hasselman, Byron G. Adams, Reginald B. Adams, Sinan Alper, Mark Aveyard, Jordan R. Axt, Mayowa T. Babalola, Štěpán Bahník, Rishtee Batra, Mihály Berkics, Michael J. Bernstein, Daniel R. Berry, Olga Bialobrzeska, Evans Dami Binan, Konrad Bocian, Mark J. Brandt, Robert Busching, Anna Cabak Rédei, Huajian Cai, Fanny Cambier, Katarzyna Cantarero, Cheryl L. Carmichael, Francisco Ceric, Jesse Chandler, Jen-Ho Chang, Armand Chatard, Eva E. Chen, Winnee Cheong, David C. Cicero, Sharon Coen, Jennifer A. Coleman, Brian Collisson, Morgan A. Conway, Katherine S. Corker, Paul G. Curran, Fiery Cushman, Zubairu K. Dagona, Ilker Dalgar, Anna Dalla Rosa, William E. Davis, Maaike de Bruijn, Leander De Schutter, Thierry Devos, Marieke de Vries, Canay Doğulu, Nerisa Dozo, Kristin Nicole Dukes, Yarrow Dunham, Kevin Durrheim, Charles R. Ebersole, John E. Edlund, Anja Eller, Alexander Scott English, Carolyn Finck, Natalia Frankowska, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Mike Friedman, Elisa Maria Galliani, Joshua C. Gandi, Tanuka Ghoshal, Steffen R. Giessner, Tripat Gill, Timo Gnambs, Ángel Gómez, Roberto González, Jesse Graham, Jon E. Grahe, Ivan Grahek, Eva G. T. Green, Kakul Hai, Matthew Haigh, Elizabeth L. Haines, Michael P. Hall, Marie E. Heffernan, Joshua A. Hicks, Petr Houdek, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, Ho Phi Huynh, Hans IJzerman, Yoel Inbar, Åse H. Innes-Ker, William Jiménez-Leal, Melissa-Sue John, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, Roza G. Kamiloğlu, Heather Barry Kappes, Serdar Karabati, Haruna Karick, Victor N. Keller, Anna Kende, Nicolas Kervyn, Goran Knežević, Carrie Kovacs, Lacy E. Krueger, German Kurapov, Jamie Kurtz, Daniël Lakens, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Carmel A. Levitan, Neil A. Lewis, Samuel Lins, Nikolette P. Lipsey, Joy E. Losee, Esther Maassen, Angela T. Maitner, Winfrida Malingumu, Robyn K. Mallett, Satia A. Marotta, Janko Međedović, Fernando Mena-Pacheco, Taciano L. Milfont, Wendy L. Morris, Sean C. Murphy, Andriy Myachykov, Nick Neave, Koen Neijenhuijs, Anthony J. Nelson, Félix Neto, Austin Lee Nichols, Aaron Ocampo, Susan L. O’Donnell, Haruka Oikawa, Masanori Oikawa, Elsie Ong, Gábor Orosz, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Grant Packard, Rolando Pérez-Sánchez, Boban Petrović, Ronaldo Pilati, Brad Pinter, Lysandra Podesta, Gabrielle Pogge, Monique M. H. Pollmann, Abraham M. Rutchick, Patricio Saavedra, Alexander K. Saeri, Erika Salomon, Kathleen Schmidt, Felix D. Schönbrodt, Maciej B. Sekerdej, David Sirlopú, Jeanine L. M. Skorinko, Michael A. Smith, Vanessa Smith-Castro, Karin C. H. J. Smolders, Agata Sobkow, Walter Sowden, Philipp Spachtholz, Manini Srivastava, Troy G. Steiner, Jeroen Stouten, Chris N. H. Street, Oskar K. Sundfelt, Stephanie Szeto, Ewa Szumowska, Andrew C. W. Tang, Norbert Tanzer, Morgan J. Tear, Jordan Theriault, Manuela Thomae, David Torres, Jakub Traczyk, Joshua M. Tybur, Adrienn Ujhelyi, Robbie C. M. van Aert, Marcel A. L. M. van Assen, Marije van der Hulst, Paul A. M. van Lange, Anna Elisabeth van ’t Veer, Alejandro Vásquez- Echeverría, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Alexandra Vázquez, Luis Diego Vega, Catherine Verniers, Mark Verschoor, Ingrid P. J. Voermans, Marek A. Vranka, Cheryl Welch, Aaron L. Wichman, Lisa A. Williams, Michael Wood, Julie A. Woodzicka, Marta K. Wronska, Liane Young, John M. Zelenski, Zeng Zhijia and Brian A. Nosek in Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
Published: 2018
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208. A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures.

Author: Forscher, Patrick S., primary, Lai, Calvin K., additional, Axt, Jordan R., additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Herman, Michelle, additional, Devine, Patricia G., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2019
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209. An examination of ingroup preferences among people with multiple socially stigmatized identities

Author: Jiang, Congjiao, primary, Vitiello, Christine, additional, Axt, Jordan R., additional, Campbell, Jessica T., additional, and Ratliff, Kate A., additional
Published: 2019
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210. Reducing discrimination: A bias versus noise perspective.

Author: Axt, Jordan R., primary and Lai, Calvin K., additional
Published: 2019
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211. The Relation Between Evaluation and Racial Categorization of Emotional Faces

Author: Axt, Jordan R., primary, Bar-Anan, Yoav, additional, and Vianello, Michelangelo, additional
Published: 2019
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212. The Relation Between Evaluation and Racial Categorization of Emotional Faces

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Bar-Anan, Yoav, additional, and Vianello, Michelangelo, additional
Published: 2019
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213. Reducing Discrimination: A Bias Versus Noise Perspective

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary and Lai, Calvin K, additional
Published: 2019
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214. How Cultural Messages May Shape Individual Attitudes

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary
Published: 2019
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215. Psychologically Rich Life Questionnaire

Author: Oishi, Shigehiro, primary, Choi, Hyewon, additional, Buttrick, Nicholas, additional, Heintzelman, Samantha J., additional, Kushlev, Kostadin, additional, Westgate, Erin C., additional, Tucker, Jane, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Axt, Jordan, additional, Gilbert, Elizabeth, additional, Ng, Brandon W., additional, and Besser, Lorraine L., additional
Published: 2019
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216. Reducing Social Judgment Biases May Require Identifying the Potential Source of Bias

Author: Axt, Jordan R., primary, Casola, Grace, additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2018
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217. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., primary, Vianello, Michelangelo, additional, Hasselman, Fred, additional, Adams, Byron G., additional, Adams, Reginald B., additional, Alper, Sinan, additional, Aveyard, Mark, additional, Axt, Jordan R., additional, Babalola, Mayowa T., additional, Bahník, Štěpán, additional, Batra, Rishtee, additional, Berkics, Mihály, additional, Bernstein, Michael J., additional, Berry, Daniel R., additional, Bialobrzeska, Olga, additional, Binan, Evans Dami, additional, Bocian, Konrad, additional, Brandt, Mark J., additional, Busching, Robert, additional, Rédei, Anna Cabak, additional, Cai, Huajian, additional, Cambier, Fanny, additional, Cantarero, Katarzyna, additional, Carmichael, Cheryl L., additional, Ceric, Francisco, additional, Chandler, Jesse, additional, Chang, Jen-Ho, additional, Chatard, Armand, additional, Chen, Eva E., additional, Cheong, Winnee, additional, Cicero, David C., additional, Coen, Sharon, additional, Coleman, Jennifer A., additional, Collisson, Brian, additional, Conway, Morgan A., additional, Corker, Katherine S., additional, Curran, Paul G., additional, Cushman, Fiery, additional, Dagona, Zubairu K., additional, Dalgar, Ilker, additional, Dalla Rosa, Anna, additional, Davis, William E., additional, de Bruijn, Maaike, additional, De Schutter, Leander, additional, Devos, Thierry, additional, de Vries, Marieke, additional, Doğulu, Canay, additional, Dozo, Nerisa, additional, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, additional, Dunham, Yarrow, additional, Durrheim, Kevin, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Edlund, John E., additional, Eller, Anja, additional, English, Alexander Scott, additional, Finck, Carolyn, additional, Frankowska, Natalia, additional, Freyre, Miguel-Ángel, additional, Friedman, Mike, additional, Galliani, Elisa Maria, additional, Gandi, Joshua C., additional, Ghoshal, Tanuka, additional, Giessner, Steffen R., additional, Gill, Tripat, additional, Gnambs, Timo, additional, Gómez, Ángel, additional, González, Roberto, additional, Graham, Jesse, additional, Grahe, Jon E., additional, Grahek, Ivan, additional, Green, Eva G. T., additional, Hai, Kakul, additional, Haigh, Matthew, additional, Haines, Elizabeth L., additional, Hall, Michael P., additional, Heffernan, Marie E., additional, Hicks, Joshua A., additional, Houdek, Petr, additional, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., additional, Huynh, Ho Phi, additional, IJzerman, Hans, additional, Inbar, Yoel, additional, Innes-Ker, Åse H., additional, Jiménez-Leal, William, additional, John, Melissa-Sue, additional, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., additional, Kamiloğlu, Roza G., additional, Kappes, Heather Barry, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Karick, Haruna, additional, Keller, Victor N., additional, Kende, Anna, additional, Kervyn, Nicolas, additional, Knežević, Goran, additional, Kovacs, Carrie, additional, Krueger, Lacy E., additional, Kurapov, German, additional, Kurtz, Jamie, additional, Lakens, Daniël, additional, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., additional, Levitan, Carmel A., additional, Lewis, Neil A., additional, Lins, Samuel, additional, Lipsey, Nikolette P., additional, Losee, Joy E., additional, Maassen, Esther, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Malingumu, Winfrida, additional, Mallett, Robyn K., additional, Marotta, Satia A., additional, Međedović, Janko, additional, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, additional, Milfont, Taciano L., additional, Morris, Wendy L., additional, Murphy, Sean C., additional, Myachykov, Andriy, additional, Neave, Nick, additional, Neijenhuijs, Koen, additional, Nelson, Anthony J., additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Lee Nichols, Austin, additional, Ocampo, Aaron, additional, O’Donnell, Susan L., additional, Oikawa, Haruka, additional, Oikawa, Masanori, additional, Ong, Elsie, additional, Orosz, Gábor, additional, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, additional, Packard, Grant, additional, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, additional, Petrović, Boban, additional, Pilati, Ronaldo, additional, Pinter, Brad, additional, Podesta, Lysandra, additional, Pogge, Gabrielle, additional, Pollmann, Monique M. H., additional, Rutchick, Abraham M., additional, Saavedra, Patricio, additional, Saeri, Alexander K., additional, Salomon, Erika, additional, Schmidt, Kathleen, additional, Schönbrodt, Felix D., additional, Sekerdej, Maciej B., additional, Sirlopú, David, additional, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., additional, Smith, Michael A., additional, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, additional, Smolders, Karin C. H. J., additional, Sobkow, Agata, additional, Sowden, Walter, additional, Spachtholz, Philipp, additional, Srivastava, Manini, additional, Steiner, Troy G., additional, Stouten, Jeroen, additional, Street, Chris N. H., additional, Sundfelt, Oskar K., additional, Szeto, Stephanie, additional, Szumowska, Ewa, additional, Tang, Andrew C. W., additional, Tanzer, Norbert, additional, Tear, Morgan J., additional, Theriault, Jordan, additional, Thomae, Manuela, additional, Torres, David, additional, Traczyk, Jakub, additional, Tybur, Joshua M., additional, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, additional, van Aert, Robbie C. M., additional, van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., additional, van der Hulst, Marije, additional, van Lange, Paul A. M., additional, van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, additional, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, additional, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, additional, Vázquez, Alexandra, additional, Vega, Luis Diego, additional, Verniers, Catherine, additional, Verschoor, Mark, additional, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., additional, Vranka, Marek A., additional, Welch, Cheryl, additional, Wichman, Aaron L., additional, Williams, Lisa A., additional, Wood, Michael, additional, Woodzicka, Julie A., additional, Wronska, Marta K., additional, Young, Liane, additional, Zelenski, John M., additional, Zhijia, Zeng, additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2018
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218. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati
Published: 2018

219. Many labs 2:Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p <.05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p <.0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than.20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above.10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relative
Published: 2018

220. Implicit Transgender Attitudes Independently Predict Beliefs About Gender and Transgender People.

Author: Axt, Jordan R., Conway, Morgan A., Westgate, Erin C., and Buttrick, Nicholas R.
Abstract: Surprisingly little is known about transgender attitudes, partly due to a need for improved measures of beliefs about transgender people. Four studies introduce a novel Implicit Association Test (IAT) assessing implicit attitudes toward transgender people. Study 1 (N = 294) found significant implicit and explicit preferences for cisgender over transgender people, both of which correlated with transphobia and transgender-related policy support. Study 2 (N = 1,094) found that implicit transgender attitudes predicted similar outcomes among participants reporting no explicit preference for cisgender versus transgender people. Across Study 3a (N = 5,647) and Study 3b (N = 2,276), implicit transgender attitudes predicted multiple outcomes, including gender essentialism, contact with transgender people, and support for transgender-related policies, over and above explicit attitudes. This work introduces a reliable means of measuring implicit transgender attitudes and illustrates how these attitudes independently predict meaningful beliefs and experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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221. The best way to measure explicit racial attitudes is to ask about them

Author: Axt, Jordan
Subjects: PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Intragroup Processes, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Cognition, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Creativity, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Theories of Personality, 050109 social psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Developmental psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Moral Behavior, Race (biology), Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Testing and Assessment, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self-regulation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Motivational Behavior, media_common, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prejudice and Discrimination, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Well-being, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Influence, 05 social sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Affect and Emotion Regulation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Well-being, Preference, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Intergroup Processes, FOS: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self and Social Identity, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Attitudes and Persuasion, Social psychology, Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Politics, Implicit cognition, media_common.quotation_subject, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Individual Differences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Nonverbal Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interventions, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Narrative Research, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Diversity, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Genetic factors, 050105 experimental psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interpersonal Relationships, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Situations, Social cognition, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality Processes, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Impression Formation, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Quality (business), PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Violence and Aggression, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Disability, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Achievement and Status, Social desirability, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prosocial Behavior, White (horse), PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self-esteem, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Sexuality, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Cultural Differences, Ask price, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Trait Theory, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Religion and Spirituality
Abstract: Direct assessments of explicit racial attitudes, such as reporting an overt preference for White versus Black people, may raise social desirability concerns and reduce measurement quality. As a result, researchers have developed more indirect self-report measures of explicit racial attitudes. While such measures dampen social desirability concerns, they may weaken measurement quality by assessing construct-irrelevant attitudes, thereby lowering correspondence between measure and construct. To investigate whether direct or indirect self-report measures better assess explicit racial attitudes, participants ( N > 800,000) completed an implicit racial attitude measure and a subset of over 400 items that varied in the degree to which they were indirect or direct assessments of self-reported racial attitudes. More direct assessments of racial preferences were better predictors of implicit racial attitudes and maximized differences between Black and White participants. These results suggest that the best method to measure individuals’ explicit racial attitudes is to ask about them directly.
Published: 2017

222. Data and Results (per site, etc.)

Author: Huajian Cai, Vázquez, Alexandra, Voermans, Ingrid, Spachtholz, Philipp, English, Alexander Scott, Adams, Byron Gregory, Conway, Morgan, Stouten, Jeroen, Ruggs, Enrica N., Bocian, Konrad, Cicero, David C, Pinter, Brad, Štěpán Bahník, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Chatard, Armand, Sacco, Airi, Kende, Anna, Aveyard, Mark, Vranka, Marek A., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Zelenski, John M., Patricio Saavedra, M., Young, Liane, Bernstein, Michael Jason, Theriault, Jordan, Neto, Felix, De Bruijn, Maaike, Lewis, Neil, Berry, Daniel R., Gnambs, Timo, Busching, Robert, Tanuka Ghoshal, Houdek, Petr, Kappes, Andreas, Kakul Hai, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Pilati, Ronaldo, Giessner, Steffen Robert, Green, Eva, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Mayowa Babaloia, Mihaly Berkics, Krueger, Lacy Elise, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, Melissa-Sue John, Verniers, Catherine, Yarrow Dunham, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Winfrida Malingumu, Coen, Sharon, Woodzicka, Julie A., Morris, Wendy, Ilker Dalgar, Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Tanzer, Norbert K., Collisson, Brian, Dukes, Kristin, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Durrheim, Kevin, Jen-Ho Chang, Welch, Cheryl, Orosz, Gabor, Huynh, Ho Phi, Thomae, Manuela, Friedman, Mike, Kappes, Heather, Jimenez-Leal, William, CHEN, Eva, Karabati, Serdar, Corker, Katherine S., Grahe, Jon, Pérez, Rolando, Alper, Sinan, Haines, Elizabeth L., Sundfelt, Oskar, De Vries, Marieke, Innes-Ker, Åse, Međedović, Janko, Eller, Anja, Curran, Paul G, Nerisa Dozo, Steiner, Troy G., Tanzer, Norbert, Karick, Haruna, Schmidt, Kathleen, Maitner, Angela, Davis, William E., Sowden, Walter J., Tripat Gill, Gonzalez, Roberto, Murphy, Sean, Doğulu, Canay, Wronska, Marta Katarzyna, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Lakens, Daniel, Graham, Jesse, Carmichael, Cheryl L, Kovacs, Carrie, IJzerman, Hans, Cemalcilar, Zeynep, O'Donnell, Susan L., Maciek Sekerdej, Maassen, Esther, Traczyk, Jakub, Tang, Andrew, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Tybur, Joshua M., Vega, Diego, Sobkow, Agata, Kervyn, Nicolas, Easterbrook, Matthew, Wichman, Aaron, Nosek, Brian A., Hall, Michael P., Nelson, Anthony J., Edlund, John, Williams, Lisa A., Finck, Carolyn, Myachykov, Andriy, Brandt, Mark, Heffernan, Marie E., Verschoor, Mark, Nichols, Austin Lee, Coleman, Jennifer A., Winnee Cheong, Petrovic, Boban, Inbar, Yoel, Van Der Hulst, Marije, Levitan, Carmel, Lazarevic, Lili, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Packard, Grant, McIntyre, Jason, Haigh, Matthew, Skorinko, Jeanine, Frankowska, Natalia, Szumowska, Ewa, Keller, Victor N., Podesta, Lysandra, Adams, Reginald B., Klein, Richard A., Knezevic, Goran, Saeri, Alexander K, Torres, David, Sirlopu, David Ricardo, Salomon, Erika, Anna Van 'T Veer, Tear, Morgan, Lins, Samuel, Neijenhuijs, Koen Ilja, Vianello, Michelangelo, Marotta, Satia, Street, Chris N. H., Mallett, Robyn, Kurapov, German, Pollmann, Monique, Kamiloglu, Roza, Ebersole, Charles R., Cambier, Fanny, Gomez, Angel, Smith, Michael A., Chandler, Jesse J., Kurtz, Jaime, Oikawa, Masanori, Devos, Thierry, Schönbrodt, Felix, Milfont, Taciano L., Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Rutchick, Abraham M., Axt, Jordan, Hasselman, Fred, Hicks, Joshua A., Grahek, Ivan, Cantarero, Katarzyna, and Cushman, Fiery
Abstract: Data from Many Labs 2 Replication Project
Published: 2017
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223. Analysis Scripts

Author: Bernstein, Michael Jason, De Bruijn, Maaike, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Young, Liane, Lazarevic, Lili, Milfont, Taciano L., Nerisa Dozo, Heffernan, Marie E., Alper, Sinan, Jimenez-Leal, William, Torres, David, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Keller, Victor N., Friedman, Mike, Corker, Katherine S., Verniers, Catherine, Cushman, Fiery, Pinter, Brad, Collisson, Brian, Sacco, Airi, Maassen, Esther, Pilati, Ronaldo, Carmichael, Cheryl L, Haigh, Matthew, Chatard, Armand, Durrheim, Kevin, Verschoor, Mark, Traczyk, Jakub, Innes-Ker, Åse, Sowden, Walter J., Yarrow Dunham, Huajian Cai, Winnee Cheong, Nosek, Brian A., English, Alexander Scott, Schmidt, Kathleen, Inbar, Yoel, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Kovacs, Carrie, Vranka, Marek A., Tanzer, Norbert K., Kende, Anna, Podesta, Lysandra, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Tanzer, Norbert, Houdek, Petr, Curran, Paul G, Haines, Elizabeth L., Rosa, Anna Dalla, Nelson, Anthony J., Vega, Diego, Maciek Sekerdej, Kurtz, Jaime, Williams, Lisa A., Cemalcilar, Zeynep, CHEN, Eva, Skorinko, Jeanine, Grahe, Jon, Murphy, Sean, Sirlopu, David Ricardo, Kervyn, Nicolas, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Karabati, Serdar, Patricio Saavedra, M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Coen, Sharon, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Graham, Jesse, Neijenhuijs, Koen Ilja, Winfrida Malingumu, Maitner, Angela, Adams, Byron Gregory, Morris, Wendy, IJzerman, Hans, Smith, Michael A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Davis, William E., Tripat Gill, Huynh, Ho Phi, Orosz, Gabor, Tybur, Joshua M., Gnambs, Timo, Myachykov, Andriy, Lakens, Daniel, Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Cantarero, Katarzyna, Brandt, Mark, Oikawa, Masanori, Tang, Andrew, Finck, Carolyn, Gonzalez, Roberto, Stouten, Jeroen, Ebersole, Charles R., Cambier, Fanny, Klein, Richard A., Galliani, Elisa Maria, Štěpán Bahník, Ruggs, Enrica N., Adams, Reginald B., Aveyard, Mark, Petrovic, Boban, Conway, Morgan, McIntyre, Jason, Giessner, Steffen Robert, Rutchick, Abraham M., Axt, Jordan, Levitan, Carmel, Međedović, Janko, Packard, Grant, Hall, Michael P., Wichman, Aaron, Mayowa Babaloia, Woodzicka, Julie A., Busching, Robert, Theriault, Jordan, Kurapov, German, Berry, Daniel R., Frankowska, Natalia, Chandler, Jesse J., Kakul Hai, Szumowska, Ewa, Marotta, Satia, Pollmann, Monique, Mallett, Robyn, Vázquez, Alexandra, Salomon, Erika, Knezevic, Goran, Kamiloglu, Roza, Dukes, Kristin, Devos, Thierry, Zelenski, John M., Lins, Samuel, Green, Eva, Anna Van 'T Veer, Cicero, David C, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, Sobkow, Agata, Doğulu, Canay, Sundfelt, Oskar, Ilker Dalgar, Wronska, Marta Katarzyna, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Schönbrodt, Felix, Gomez, Angel, O'Donnell, Susan L., Tear, Morgan, Spachtholz, Philipp, Eller, Anja, Voermans, Ingrid, Tanuka Ghoshal, Mihaly Berkics, Melissa-Sue John, Easterbrook, Matthew, Saeri, Alexander K, Edlund, John, Kappes, Heather, Neto, Felix, Welch, Cheryl, Steiner, Troy G., Karick, Haruna, Lewis, Neil, Street, Chris N. H., Hicks, Joshua A., Pérez, Rolando, Krueger, Lacy Elise, Kappes, Andreas, Thomae, Manuela, De Vries, Marieke, Grahek, Ivan, Bocian, Konrad, Nichols, Austin Lee, Hasselman, Fred, Coleman, Jennifer A., and Jen-Ho Chang
Published: 2017
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224. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Sample and Setting

Author: Klein, Richard Anthony, primary, Vianello, Michelangelo, additional, Hasselman, Fred, additional, Adams, Byron Gregory, additional, Adams, Reginald B., additional, Alper, Sinan, additional, Aveyard, Mark, additional, Axt, Jordan, additional, Babalola, Mayowa Tosin, additional, Bahník, Štěpán, additional, Berkics, Mihaly, additional, Bernstein, Michael Jason, additional, Berry, Daniel R., additional, Bialobrzeska, Olga, additional, Bocian, Konrad, additional, Brandt, Mark, additional, Busching, Robert, additional, Cai, Huajian, additional, Cambier, Fanny, additional, Cantarero, Katarzyna, additional, Carmichael, Cheryl L, additional, Cemalcilar, Zeynep, additional, Chandler, Jesse J., additional, Chang, Jen-Ho, additional, Chatard, Armand, additional, CHEN, Eva, additional, Cheong, Winnee, additional, Cicero, David C, additional, Coen, Sharon, additional, Coleman, Jennifer A., additional, Collisson, Brian, additional, Conway, Morgan Anna, additional, Corker, Katherine S., additional, Curran, Paul G, additional, Cushman, Fiery Andrews, additional, Dalgar, Ilker, additional, Davis, William E., additional, de Bruijn, Maaike Jolise, additional, de Vries, Marieke, additional, Devos, Thierry, additional, Doğulu, Canay, additional, Dozo, Nerisa, additional, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, additional, Dunham, Yarrow, additional, Durrheim, Kevin, additional, Easterbrook, Matthew, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Edlund, John, additional, English, Alexander Scott, additional, Eller, Anja, additional, Finck, Carolyn, additional, Freyre, Miguel-Ángel, additional, Friedman, Mike, additional, Frankowska, Natalia, additional, Galliani, Elisa Maria, additional, Ghoshal, Tanuka, additional, Giessner, Steffen Robert, additional, Gill, Tripat, additional, Gnambs, Timo, additional, Gomez, Angel, additional, Gonzalez, Roberto, additional, Graham, Jesse, additional, Grahe, Jon E., additional, Grahek, Ivan, additional, Green, Eva, additional, Hai, Kakul, additional, Haigh, Matthew, additional, Haines, Elizabeth L., additional, Hall, Michael P., additional, Heffernan, Marie E., additional, Hicks, Joshua A., additional, Houdek, Petr, additional, van der Hulst, Marije, additional, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., additional, Huynh, Ho Phi, additional, IJzerman, Hans, additional, Inbar, Yoel, additional, Innes-Ker, Åse, additional, Jimenez-Leal, William, additional, John, Melissa-Sue, additional, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer Alana, additional, Kamiloglu, Roza Gizem, additional, Kappes, Andreas, additional, Kappes, Heather Barry, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Karick, Haruna, additional, Keller, Victor N., additional, Kende, Anna, additional, Kervyn, Nicolas /, additional, Knezevic, Goran, additional, Kovacs, Carrie, additional, Krueger, Lacy Elise, additional, Kurapov, German, additional, Kurtz, Jaime, additional, Lakens, Daniel, additional, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., additional, Levitan, Carmel, additional, Lewis, Neil Anthony, additional, Lins, Samuel, additional, Maassen, Esther, additional, Maitner, Angela, additional, Malingumu, Winfrida, additional, Mallett, Robyn, additional, Marotta, Satia Adele, additional, McIntyre, Jason Cameron, additional, Međedović, Janko Mileta, additional, Milfont, Taciano L, additional, Morris, Wendy, additional, Myachykov, Andriy, additional, Murphy, Sean Christopher, additional, Neijenhuijs, Koen Ilja, additional, Nelson, Anthony J., additional, Neto, Felix Fernando Monteiro, additional, Nichols, Austin Lee, additional, O'Donnell, Susan L., additional, Oikawa, Masanori, additional, Orosz, Gabor, additional, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, additional, Packard, Grant, additional, Pérez, Rolando, additional, Petrovic, Boban, additional, Pilati, Ronaldo, additional, Pinter, Brad, additional, Podesta, Lysandra Maria, additional, Pollmann, Monique Maria Henriettte, additional, Dalla Rosa, Anna, additional, Rutchick, Abraham M., additional, Saavedra, Patricio, additional, Sacco, Airi, additional, Saeri, Alexander K, additional, Salomon, Erika, additional, Schmidt, Kathleen, additional, Schönbrodt, Felix D., additional, Sekerdej, Maciek Borys, additional, Sirlopu, David Ricardo, additional, Skorinko, Jeanine, additional, Smith, Michael A., additional, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, additional, Sobkow, Agata, additional, Sowden, Walter J., additional, Spachtholz, Philipp, additional, Steiner, Troy G., additional, Stouten, Jeroen, additional, Street, Chris N. H., additional, Sundfelt, Oskar, additional, Szumowska, Ewa, additional, Tang, Andrew, additional, Tanzer, Norbert K., additional, Tear, Morgan James, additional, Theriault, Jordan E., additional, Thomae, Manuela, additional, Torres-Fernández, David, additional, Traczyk, Jakub, additional, Tybur, Joshua M., additional, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, additional, van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., additional, van 't Veer, Anna Elisabeth, additional, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, additional, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, additional, Vázquez, Alexandra ., additional, Vega, Diego, additional, Verniers, Catherine, additional, Verschoor, Mark, additional, Voermans, Ingrid, additional, Vranka, Marek Albert, additional, Welch, Cheryl Alyssa, additional, Wichman, Aaron Lee, additional, Williams, Lisa A., additional, Woodzicka, Julie A., additional, Wronska, Marta Katarzyna, additional, Young, Liane, additional, Zelenski, John M., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2018
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225. Group Status Modulates the Associative Strength Between Status Quo Supporting Beliefs and Anti-Black Attitudes

Author: Stern, Chadly, primary and Axt, Jordan R., additional
Published: 2018
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226. Simultaneous ingroup and outgroup favoritism in implicit social cognition

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Moran, Tal, additional, and Bar-Anan, Yoav, additional
Published: 2018
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227. Relationship between the Implicit Association Test and intergroup behavior: A meta-analysis

Author: Kurdi, Benedek, primary, Seitchik, Allison E., additional, Axt, Jordan, additional, Carroll, Timothy, additional, Karapetyan, Arpi, additional, Kaushik, Neela, additional, Tomezsko, Diana, additional, Greenwald, Anthony G., additional, and Banaji, Mahzarin R., additional
Published: 2018
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228. Reducing social judgment biases may require identifying the potential source of bias

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Casola, Grace, additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2018
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229. The Judgment Bias Task: A flexible method for assessing individual differences in social judgment biases

Author: Axt, Jordan, Nguyen, Helen, and Nosek, Brian
Subjects: FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract: Many areas of social psychological research investigate how social information may bias judgment. However, most measures of social judgment biases are [1] low in reliability because they use a single response, [2] not indicative of individual differences in bias because they use between-subjects designs, [3] inflexible because they are designed for a particular domain, and [4] ambiguous about magnitude of bias because there is no objectively correct answer. We developed a measure of social judgment bias, the Judgment Bias Task, in which participants judge profiles varying in quality for a certain outcome based on objective criteria. The presence of ostensibly irrelevant social information provides opportunity to assess the extent to which social biases undermine the use of objective criteria in judgment. The JBT facilitates measurement of social judgment biases by [1] using multiple responses, [2] indicating individual differences by using within-subject designs, [3] being adaptable for assessing a variety of judgments, [4] identifying an objective magnitude of bias, and [5] taking six minutes to complete on average. In nine pre-registered studies (N> 9,000) we use the JBT to reveal two prominent social judgment biases: favoritism towards more physically attractive people and towards members of one’s ingroup. We observe that the JBT can reveal social biases, and that these sometimes occur even when the participant did not intend or believe they showed biased judgment. A flexible, objective, efficient assessment of social judgment biases will accelerate theoretical and empirical progress.
Published: 2016
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230. The rules of implicit evaluation by race, religion, and age

Author: Axt , Jordan
Subjects: PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Intragroup Processes, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Cognition, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Creativity, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Multi-attribute Choice, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Theories of Personality, Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Moral Behavior, Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Testing and Assessment, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self-regulation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Motivational Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prejudice and Discrimination, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Well-being, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Influence, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Nudges, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Negotiation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Affect and Emotion Regulation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cultural Psychology|Cross-cultural Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Behavioral Economics, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Social Well-being, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Intergroup Processes, FOS: Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Experimental Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self and Social Identity, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Attitudes and Persuasion, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Contingent Valuation, Social Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Politics, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Individual Differences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Nonverbal Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interventions, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Narrative Research, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Diversity, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Genetic factors, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interpersonal Relationships, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality and Situations, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Personality Processes, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Impression Formation, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Violence and Aggression, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Disability, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Achievement and Status, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Prosocial Behavior, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cultural Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Consumer Psychology|Consumer Decision Making, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Self-esteem, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Sexuality, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Cultural Differences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Trait Theory, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Emotion, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Religion and Spirituality
Abstract: The social world is stratified. Social hierarchies are known but often disavowed as anachronisms or unjust. Nonetheless, hierarchies may persist in social memory. In three studies (total *N* > 200,000), we found evidence of social hierarchies in implicit evaluation by race, religion, and age. Across racial groups, implicit positive associations followed this rule: *my racial group* > *Whites* > *Asians* > *Blacks *> *Hispanics*. Each racial group evaluated its own group most positively, with the remaining three groups ordered identically following it. Across religions, implicit positive associations followed this rule: *my religion* > *Christians > Jews > Hindus/Buddhists > Muslims*. A final task investigating positive associations with various age groups found this rule: *children > young adult > middle-age adult > older adult *across all participant ages. These results suggest that the rules of social evaluation are pervasively embedded in culture and mind.
Published: 2016
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231. An unintentional, robust, and replicable pro-Black bias in social judgment

Author: Axt, Jordan
Subjects: FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract: Empirical evidence and social commentary demonstrate favoring of Whitesover Blacks in attitudes, social judgment, and social behavior. In 6studies (N > 4,000), we provide evidence for a pro-Black bias in academicdecision-making. When making multiple admissions decisions for an academichonor society, participants from undergraduate and online samples had amore relaxed acceptance criterion for Black than White candidates, eventhough participants possessed implicit and explicit preferences for Whitesover Blacks. This pro-Black criterion bias persisted among subsamples thatwanted to be unbiased and believed they were unbiased. It also persistedeven when participants were given warning of the bias or incentives toperform accurately. These results suggest opportunity for theoretical andempirical innovation on the conditions under which biases in socialjudgment favor and disfavor different social groups, and how those biasesmanifest outside of awareness or control.
Published: 2016
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232. The Best Way to Measure Explicit Racial Attitudes Is to Ask About Them

Author: Axt, Jordan R., primary
Published: 2017
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233. The best way to measure explicit racial attitudes is to ask about them

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary
Published: 2017
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234. Understanding and Using the Brief Implicit Association Test: Recommended Scoring Procedures

Author: Nosek, Brian A., primary, Bar-Anan, Yoav, additional, Sriram, Natarajan, additional, Axt, Jordan, additional, and Greenwald, Anthony G., additional
Published: 2016
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235. Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward African Americans and Barack Obama Did not Substantively Change During Obama's Presidency

Author: Schmidt, Kathleen, primary and Axt, Jordan R., additional
Published: 2016
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236. Project Implicit Demo Website Datasets

Author: Nosek, Brian A., Greenwald, Anthony G., Mahzarin R. Banaji, Lai, Calvin K., Axt, Jordan, Ratliff, Kate, Smith, Colin, Bar-Anan, Yoav, O'Shea, Brian, Lofaro, Nicole, Umansky, Emily, Simon, Lauren, Xu, Frank Kaiyuan, and Frost, Nicole
Subjects: Data, Race, Disability, Asian, archive, Gender-Science, Native American, PI, Gender, Weight, online study, psyarxiv, Religion, Project Implicit, Age, Presidents, Arab-Muslim, IAT, Weapons, Sexuality, Gender-Career
Abstract: 14 PI Demo site IAT study data from 2002 to current
Published: 2015
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237. The Relation Between Evaluation and Racial Categorization of Emotional Faces

Author: Axt, Jordan R., Bar-Anan, Yoav, and Vianello, Michelangelo
Abstract: Prior research has found that indirectly measured preference for White people over Black people is positively related to categorizing angry racially ambiguous faces as Black. This past work found no evidence that directly measured racial preferences predict this racial categorization bias (RCB), suggesting that the RCB could be a unique and easily administered tool for investigating automatic evaluation and validating automatic evaluation measures. In two studies (total N> 7,000), using structural equation models that account for error variance, multiple indirect evaluation measures were uniquely related to the RCB, thus bolstering their predictive validity. However, the RCB also correlated with self-reported evaluation, leaving psychologists without a robust, replicable outcome uniquely related to automatic evaluation. The lack of such an outcome hinders theoretical and practical progress in research on implicit social cognition.
Published: 2020
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238. Reducing Social Judgment Biases May Require Identifying the Potential Source of Bias.

Author: Axt, Jordan R., Casola, Grace, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven preregistered studies (total N > 7,000), we investigated whether asking participants to avoid one social bias affected that and other social biases. Participants selected honor society applicants based on academic credentials. Applicants also differed on social categories irrelevant for selection: attractiveness and ingroup status. Participants asked to avoid potential bias in one social category showed small but reliable reductions in bias for that category (r = .095), but showed near-zero bias reduction on the unmentioned social category (r = .006). Asking participants to avoid many possible social biases or alerting them to bias without specifically identifying a category did not consistently reduce bias. The effectiveness of interventions for reducing social biases may be highly specific, perhaps even contingent on explicitly and narrowly identifying the potential source of bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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239. Materials for Individual Studies

Author: Maassen, Esther, English, Alexander Scott, Winnee Cheong, Adams, Byron Gregory, Steiner, Troy G., Coleman, Jennifer A., Finck, Carolyn, Theriault, Jordan, Cambier, Fanny, Kovacs, Carrie, Kakul Hai, Houdek, Petr, Lakens, Daniel, Wronska, Marta Katarzyna, Nichols, Austin Lee, Tybur, Joshua M., Anna Van 'T Veer, Nerisa Dozo, Vianello, Michelangelo, Eller, Anja, Aveyard, Mark, Easterbrook, Matthew, Lazarevic, Lili, O'Donnell, Susan L., Saeri, Alexander K, Orosz, Gabor, Lewis, Neil, Hall, Michael P., Tear, Morgan, Klein, Richard A., Myachykov, Andriy, Chandler, Jesse J., Voermans, Ingrid, Kappes, Andreas, Knezevic, Goran, Sirlopu, David Ricardo, Neijenhuijs, Koen Ilja, Smith, Michael A., Kamiloglu, Roza, Vega, Diego, Kurapov, German, Murphy, Sean, Graham, Jesse, Milfont, Taciano L., Spachtholz, Philipp, Gnambs, Timo, Green, Eva, Vranka, Marek A., Nelson, Anthony J., De Bruijn, Maaike, Mayowa Babaloia, Morris, Wendy, Van Der Hulst, Marije, Heffernan, Marie E., Van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., Cantarero, Katarzyna, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Street, Chris N. H., Corker, Katherine S., Brandt, Mark, Pollmann, Monique, Tanuka Ghoshal, Inbar, Yoel, Stouten, Jeroen, Thomae, Manuela, Haigh, Matthew, Patricio Saavedra, M., Vázquez, Alexandra, Axt, Jordan, Williams, Lisa A., Cicero, David C, Winfrida Malingumu, Conway, Morgan, Maitner, Angela, Sundfelt, Oskar, Young, Liane, Grahe, Jon, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Edlund, John, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Cushman, Fiery, Tanzer, Norbert, Yarrow Dunham, Maciek Sekerdej, Sowden, Walter J., Berry, Daniel R., Skorinko, Jeanine, Dukes, Kristin, Cemalcilar, Zeynep, Pilati, Ronaldo, Collisson, Brian, Carmichael, Cheryl L, Neto, Felix, Friedman, Mike, Haines, Elizabeth L., Wichman, Aaron, De Vries, Marieke, Ilker Dalgar, Keller, Victor N., Salomon, Erika, Grahek, Ivan, Innes-Ker, Åse, Zelenski, John M., Sobkow, Agata, Lins, Samuel, Ebersole, Charles R., Sacco, Airi, Kappes, Heather, Doğulu, Canay, Hasselman, Fred, Melissa-Sue John, Nosek, Brian A., Pinter, Brad, Pérez, Rolando, Bocian, Konrad, Miguel-Ángel Freyre, Woodzicka, Julie A., Međedović, Janko, Karabati, Serdar, Tang, Andrew, Adams, Reginald B., Verniers, Catherine, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, Frankowska, Natalia, Alper, Sinan, CHEN, Eva, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Torres, David, Mallett, Robyn, Hicks, Joshua A., Coen, Sharon, McIntyre, Jason, Durrheim, Kevin, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Curran, Paul G, IJzerman, Hans, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix, Ruggs, Enrica N., Verschoor, Mark, Devos, Thierry, Jimenez-Leal, William, Kende, Anna, Petrovic, Boban, Giessner, Steffen Robert, Traczyk, Jakub, Packard, Grant, Huajian Cai, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Bernstein, Michael Jason, Rutchick, Abraham M., Welch, Cheryl, Chatard, Armand, Levitan, Carmel, Tanzer, Norbert K., Podesta, Lysandra, Busching, Robert, Gomez, Angel, Gonzalez, Roberto, Huynh, Ho Phi, Tripat Gill, Marotta, Satia, Szumowska, Ewa, Štěpán Bahník, Krueger, Lacy Elise, Karick, Haruna, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Davis, William E., Kervyn, Nicolas, Jen-Ho Chang, Malgorzata Osowiecka, Kurtz, Jaime, Mihaly Berkics, and Oikawa, Masanori
Published: 2014
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240. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Sample and Setting

Author: Klein, Richard, Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron, Adams, Reginald, Alper, Sinan, Vega, Diego, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan, Babalola, Mayowa, Bahník, Štěpán, Barlow, Fiona, Berkics, Mihaly, Bernstein, Michael, Berry, Daniel, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark, Busching, Robert, Cai, Huajian, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl, Cemalcilar, Zeynep, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, CHEN, Eva, Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David, Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer, Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan, Corker, Katherine, Curran, Paul, Cushman, Fiery, Dalgar, Ilker, Davis, William, de Bruijn, Maaike, de Vries, Marieke, Devos, Thierry, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Easterbrook, Matthew, Ebersole, Charles, Edlund, John, English, Alexander, Eller, Anja, Finck, Carolyn, Freyre, Miguel-Ángel, Frankowska, Natalia, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa, Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen, Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gonzalez, Roberto, Govia, Ishtar, Grahe, Jon, Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva, Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth, Hall, Michael, Heffernan, Marie, Hicks, Joshua, Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey, Huynh, Ho, IJzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse, Gomez, Angel, John, Melissa-Sue, Jimenez-Leal, William, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, Kamiloglu, Roza, Kappes, Andreas, Kappes, Heather, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor, Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knezevic, Goran, Krueger, Lacy, Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jaime, Lakens, Daniel, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, Levitan, Carmel, Lewis, Neil, Lins, Samuel, Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela, Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn, Marotta, Satia, McIntyre, Jason, Međedović, Janko, Milfont, Taciano, Morris, Wendy, Myachykov, Andriy, Murphy, Sean, Nelson, Anthony, Neto, Felix, Nichols, Austin, O'Donnell, Susan, Oikawa, Masanori, Orosz, Gabor, Packard, Grant, Pérez, Rolando, Petrovic, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Pollmann, Monique, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Ruggs, Enrica, Rutchick, Abraham, Sacco, Airi, Saeri, Alexander, Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix, Sekerdej, Maciek, Sirlopu, David, Skorinko, Jeanine, Smith, Michael, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Steiner, Troy, Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris, Sundfelt, Oskar, Tang, Andrew, Tear, Morgan, Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres-Fernández, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Assen, Marcel, van 't Veer, Anna, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Vranka, Marek, Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron, Williams, Lisa, Woodzicka, Julie, Wronska, Marta, Young, Liane, Zelenski, John, and Nosek, Brian
Subjects: replication, psychology
Abstract: In Many Labs 2, we will employ an expanded version of the Many Labs paradigm to investigate a substantial number of new effects and further examine the findings from Many Labs 1.
Published: 2014
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241. The Judgment Bias Task: A flexible method for assessing individual differences in social judgment biases

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Nguyen, Helen, additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2016
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242. When Unfair Treatment Helps Performance

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary and Oishi, Shige, additional
Published: 2016
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243. Whites demonstrate anti-Black associations but do not reinforce them

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary and Trawalter, Sophie, additional
Published: 2016
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244. The rules of implicit evaluation by race, religion, and age

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary
Published: 2016
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245. Implicit and explicit attitudes toward African Americans and Barack Obama did not substantively change during Obama’s presidency

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary
Published: 2016
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246. A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures

Author: Forscher, Patrick S., primary, Lai, Calvin K., additional, Axt, Jordan, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Herman, Michelle, additional, Devine, Patricia G., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2016
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247. An unintentional, robust, and replicable pro-Black bias in social judgment

Author: Axt, Jordan, primary, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2016
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248. Scientists’ Reputations Are Based on Getting It Right, Not Being Right

Author: Ebersole, Charles R., primary, Axt, Jordan R., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2016
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249. An Unintentional, Robust, and Replicable Pro-Black Bias in Social Judgment

Author: Axt, Jordan R., primary, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2016
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250. Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: II. Intervention Effectiveness Across Time

Author: Lai, Calvin K., primary, Skinner, Allison L., additional, Cooley, Erin, additional, Murrar, Sohad, additional, Brauer, Markus, additional, Devos, Thierry, additional, Calanchini, Jimmy, additional, Xiao, Yi Jenny, additional, Pedram, Christina, additional, Marhsburn, Christopher K, additional, Simon, Stefanie, additional, Blanchar, John C, additional, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, additional, Conway, John, additional, Redford, Liz, additional, Klein, Rick A, additional, Roussos, Gina, additional, Schellhaas, Fabian M.H., additional, Burns, Mason, additional, Hu, Xiaoqing, additional, McLean, Meghan, additional, Axt, Jordan, additional, Asgari, Shaki, additional, Schmidt, Kathleen, additional, Rubinstein, Rachel, additional, Marini, Maddalena, additional, Rubichi, Sandro, additional, Shin, Jiyun Elizabeth L., additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional
Published: 2016
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