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Abstract Along with the main objective of politicians, other economic variables are variously affected by the environmental taxes, policies, and limitations like a price on pollution, clean electricity, the cap on emissions, methane emissions, and nature‐based solutions. The objective of the environmental solutions is to decrease pollutant emissions and energy consumption while reducing labor costs and taxes as the incentives for creating new occupations. An overall equilibrium model was considered in the present study as a nonlinear equations system, which was calibrated for the reference year of 2018 utilizing Canada's economy's data table. The effects of utilizing these environmental policies considered by Canada in COP26 are examined. In all scenarios, minimum, maximum, and optimum values for reducing pollutant emissions are calculated under these policies. According to the simulation results, welfare is reduced by the price of pollution policy. Moreover, the actual consumed budget of the household is reduced by 8%. However, such indices will be incremented by 2% in the nature‐based policy. In all scenarios, the gross domestic product is decreased. However, in the methane emission policy, this reduction is 1.05% in the lowest state. In all scenarios, the consumer price index will be incremented by 3.8%–9.8%. It is concluded that the clean electricity policy is an appropriate policy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and at the same time adhering to international commitments.

ABSTRACT Background: The nutritional quality of diet may influence the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study compared the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of various dietary components between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 480 participants were enrolled in the study (160 patients with colorectal cancer as a case group and 320 healthy control). An analysis was conducted on the general characteristics of the participants, their medical histories, anthropometric indicators, physical activity, alcohol consumption, reproductive history, smoking and food intake. A valid food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake and INQ was calculated from daily nutrient intake. Results: A Significant inverse association was found between CRC and INQ for vitamins A (OR=0.01, CI: 0.01-0.01), K (OR=0.04, CI: 0.01-0.15), and B12 (OR=0.71, CI: 0.51-0.98), B5 (OR=0.43, CI: 0.00-0.01), zinc (OR=0.35, CI: 0.13-0.95), and phosphorus (OR=0.17, 0.19-0.94). The association between the INQ of vitamin B12 and zinc with colorectal cancer was disappeared after age adjustment. There was a significant negative association between CRC with the INQ of vitamins A, K, B5, phosphorus, and calcium after further adjustments for gender, BMI, menopausal status, and total energy intake. Conclusion: CRC is significantly associated with INQ for some micronutrients. INQ can be considered as an indicator to assess clinical nutritional problems.

Aim:The aim of this research was the survey effectiveness of career counseling based on the native model of work-family enrichment on the facilitation of work-family and family-work conflict. Method:The research method was quasi-experimental method where in the pre-test and post-test were used with experimental and control group. The stastisical population were all of female workers in Isfahan University at 2021. From this population 30 persons were selected from the list of voulentary person who ready to participate and were substituted randomly in to experiment group (15 person) and control group (15 person).The independent variable was the career counseling sessions based on the model of work-family enrichment (Greenhous & Powell, 2006) that have been performed in 8 sessions to the experiment group and control group did not any intervention. In this research were used from demographic and work-family conflict (McMarian & Net Mayer, 1996) questionnaires for data gathering. Results: results of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there is meaningful difference between means post-test of experimental and control group in two demintion of work-family enrichment and family-work enrichment (P

In his theory of knowledge, Kant presents an exclusive method for obtaining science by applying categories to the data of sensory intuition. "A priori synthetic propositions" are those the only the product of the application of categories to the data of sensory intuition, Propositions that are Kant's exclusive criterion in diagnosing science. Kant claims that only the sciences that have a priori synthetic propositions, which necessarily have sensory intuition data are science, and propositions that do not have sensual intuition data are nothing more than fake science. With the same reasoning, he pushed metaphysics out of science. Accordingly, the attempt of this paper is to measure Kant's theory of knowledge with his own criterion of knowledge. We want to know whether it has a priori synthetic propositions or not. To be more precise, do the propositions through which Kant explained his theory of knowledge, contain sensory intuition data or not? If they have these data, they are science, otherwise, they are not. The investigations carried out in this article, which focuses on Kant's important and key propositions in transcendental aesthetic and Transcendental analytic, show that these propositions, which define and explain the basis of Kant's theory of knowledge, lack sensory intuition data and are not science. Eventually, Kant's "theory of knowledge" is not able to obtain the accreditation it wants and according to Kant's own theory of knowledge, it is not a valid science.

Abstract In this research, rice husk (RH) was utilized to prepare a magnetic adsorbent for adsorption of ascorbic acid (AA). The magnetic agent is iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). The impact of acid concentration in the range of 400–800 ppm, adsorbent dosage in the range of 0.5–1 g, and contact time in the range of 10–130 min were studied. The Langmuir model had the highest R2 of 0.9982, 0.9996, and 0.9985 at the temperature of 15, 25, and 35 °C, respectively, and the qmax values in these temperatures have been calculated at 19.157, 31.34, and 38.75 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model had the best agreement with the experimental results. In this kinetic model, the values of q have been measured at 36.496, 45.248, and 49.019 mg/g at the acid concentration of 418, 600, and 718 ppm, respectively. The values of ΔHo and ΔSo were measured 31.972 kJ/mol and 120.253 kJ/mol K, respectively, which proves the endothermic and irregularity nature of the adsorption of AA. Besides, the optimum conditions of the design-expert software have been obtained 486.929 ppm of acid concentration, 0.875 g of the adsorbent dosage, and 105.397 min of the contact time, and the adsorption efficiency in these conditions was determined at 92.94%. The surface area of the RH and modified RH was determined of 98.17 and 120.23 m2/g, respectively, which confirms the high surface area of these two adsorbents.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has been a great challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. It highlighted the need for robust predictive models which can be readily deployed to uncover heterogeneities in disease course, aid decision-making and prioritise treatment. We adapted an unsupervised data-driven model—SuStaIn, to be utilised for short-term infectious disease like COVID-19, based on 11 commonly recorded clinical measures. We used 1344 patients from the National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database (NCCID), hospitalised for RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 disease, splitting them equally into a training and an independent validation cohort. We discovered three COVID-19 subtypes (General Haemodynamic, Renal and Immunological) and introduced disease severity stages, both of which were predictive of distinct risks of in-hospital mortality or escalation of treatment, when analysed using Cox Proportional Hazards models. A low-risk Normal-appearing subtype was also discovered. The model and our full pipeline are available online and can be adapted for future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other infectious disease.

Background and Objective: The trend of developments in the health system and medical education and other related sciences, including environmental health, is a global challenge. In this research educational content of environmental health and its revision were studied from the point of view of students and graduates. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In this research, through two checklists, the opinions of environmental health students and graduates regarding the necessity of revising the educational content of the field according to the requirements of the time and considering the future situation were investigated with the participation of 441 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software. Results: According to the results, 73.7 percent of participants believed that the educational content of environmental health in Iran has fundamental differences from developed countries. 81.7 percent believed that the educational content provided to environmental health students is not proportional to their duties. Meantime, 91.4 percent of the graduates of environmental health believe that the expected capabilities included in the educational curricula of different degrees of environmental health should be revised. 88.4 percent believed that it is necessary to revise the educational content of this field considering the "change in executive and practical functions of environmental health during the past years". Conclusion: The overwhelming majority of graduates of the field emphasized the need to revise the educational content of the environmental health field, taking into account the requirements of the time. It is necessary to redefine the field of environmental health in the country according to the changing situation and the emergence of new indicators.

Background: Empowerment allows health managers to make a conscious choice to improve the quality of care. On the other hand, one of the factors that may affect psychological aspects of employees and decrease job participation of employees is imposter syndrome. The main goal of this research was to determine the effect of imposter syndrome on job involvement with the mediating role of structural empowerment of employees. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted cross-sectionally in 2021. The statistical population of the present study included all employees (1300) working in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated to be 297 people through Cochran method and stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included the standard imposter questionnaires of Klans and Ames (1987), Shafli et al.'s job involvement questionnaire (2006), and Maleki et al.'s structural empowerment questionnaire (2012). Face validity was confirmed by professors and experts, convergent validity with a mean variance of greater than 0.5, and divergent validity was confirmed using Fornell and Larker methods. Also, the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with the Cronbach's alpha of greater than 0.7. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests using structural equation method and SPSS 22 and PLS 3 statistical software. Results: Based on the analysis of research variables, imposter syndrome had a negative and significant effect (P < 0.001) on job involvement and structural empowerment of employees with path coefficients of - 0.349 and - 0.856, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation (P < 0.001) between structural empowerment of employees' job involvement and a path coefficient of 0.452. Finally, self-destructive syndrome with the mediating role of structural empowerment had a significant and negative effect (P < 0.001) on job involvement of employees with a path coefficient of - 0.386. Conclusion: Structural empowerment is associated with higher work efficiency and engagement among employees. Accordingly, structural empowerment may increase work engagement by stimulating employees' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. But the presence of employees with imposter syndrome leads to the opposite effect.

Abstract Background Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the ADA2 gene. DADA2 has a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Apart from systemic manifestations, we can categorize most of the signs and symptoms of DADA2 into the three groups of vasculitis, hematologic abnormalities, and immunologic dysregulations. The most dominant vasculitis features are skin manifestations, mostly in the form of livedo racemosa/reticularis, and early onset ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Hypogammaglobulinemia that is found in many cases of DADA2 brings immunodeficiencies into the differential diagnosis. Cytopenia, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), and bone marrow failure (BMF) are the hematologic abnormalities commonly found in DADA. Case presentation We introduce eleven patients with DADA2 diagnosis, including two brothers and sisters, one set of twin sisters, and one father and his daughter and son. Ten patients (91%) had consanguineous parents. All the patients manifested livedo racemose/reticularis. Ten patients (91%) reported febrile episodes, and seven (64%) had experienced strokes. Only one patient had hypertension. Two of the patients (11%) presented decreased immunoglobulin levels. One of the patients presented with PRCA. Except for the PRCA patient with G321E mutation, all of our patients delivered G47R mutation, the most common mutation in DADA2 patients. Except for one patient who unfortunately passed away before the diagnosis was made and proper treatment was initiated, the other patients’ symptoms are currently controlled; two of the patients presented with mild symptoms and are now being treated with colchicine, and the eight others responded well to anti-TNFs. The PRCA patient still suffers from hematologic abnormalities and is a candidate for a bone marrow transplant. Conclusions Considering the manifestations and the differential diagnoses, DADA2 is not merely a rheumatologic disease, and introducing this disease to hematologists, neurologists, and immunologists is mandatory to initiate prompt and proper treatment. The efficacy of anti-TNFs in resolving the symptoms of DADA2 patients have been proven, but not for those with hematologic manifestations. Similarly, they were effective in controlling the symptoms of our cohort of patients, except for the one patient with cytopenia.

Background and Objectives: Salmonella species (spp) are the most prevalent zoonotic pathogens that cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. Therefore evaluation of the profile of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and plasmid replicon types in these bacteria is necessary to control and prevent the spread of potentially pathogenic and drug-resistant strains. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 39 Salmonella spp. The antibacterial susceptibility of isolates to various antibiotic agents was determined using disk diffusion test. β-lactamases (bla) including ESBLs, AmpC, MBLs, and virulence genes were detected by PCR methods. Plasmid incompatibility groups among the isolates were identified using PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). Results: The most prevalent virulent gene was phoP/Q (84.6%). slyA, sopB, and stn were identified in 79.4% (n=31), 69.2% (n=27), and 2.5% (n=1) of the isolates, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 30.7% of the isolates were ESBL-producing. blaTEM (41%; n=16) was the most frequent β-lactamase gene among the isolates followed by blaNDM-1 (15.4%; n=6), blaDHA (7.7%; n=3), and blaCTX-M (1.5%; n=1). Six different plasmid replicon types, including IncP (n=9; 23%), IncFIC (n=3; 7.70%), IncY (n=3; 7.70%), IncI1-Iγ (n=2; 5.12%), IncFIIAs (n=1; 2.56%), and IncN (n=1; 2.56%) were observed among the isolates. Conclusion: Our study showed the emergence of carbapenem-resistant and blaNDM-1 among Salmonella spp. for the first time in Kerman, Iran. Since Salmonella spp. plays an important role in the transmission of resistance genes in livestock and humans in the food chains, so more stringent control policies are recommended to prevent the circulation of drug-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains from animals to humans.

Introduction The objective of this parallel group, randomised controlled trial is to evaluate a community health navigator (CHN) intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes. Unplanned hospital readmissions are costly for the health system and negatively impact patients.Methods and analysis Patients are randomised post hospital discharge to the CHN intervention or usual care. A comparison of outcomes between intervention and control groups will use multivariate regression techniques that adjust for age, sex and any independent variables that are significantly different between the two groups, using multiple imputation for missing values. Time-to-event analysis will examine the relationship between seeing a CHN following discharge from the index hospitalisation and reduced rehospitalisations in the subsequent 60 days and 6 months. Secondary outcomes include medication adherence, health literacy, quality of life, experience of healthcare and health service use (including the cost of care). We will also conduct a qualitative assessment of the implementation of the navigator role from the viewpoint of stakeholders including patients, health professionals and the navigators themselves.Ethics approval Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics and Governance Office, Sydney Local Health District, on 21 January 2022 (Protocol no. X21-0438 and 2021/ETH12171). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conference presentations. Data will be deposited in an institutional data repository at the end of the trial. This is subject to Ethics Committee approval, and the metadata will be made available on request.Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12622000659707).Article Summary The objective of this trial is to evaluate a CHN intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes.

Background The COVID-19 can cause long-term symptoms in the patients after they overcome the disease. Given that this disease mainly damages the respiratory system, these symptoms are often related with breathing problems that can be caused by an affected diaphragm. The diaphragmatic function can be assessed with imaging modalities like computerized tomography or chest X-ray. However, this process must be performed by expert clinicians with manual visual inspection. Moreover, during the pandemic, the clinicians were asked to prioritize the use of portable devices, preventing the risk of cross-contamination. Nevertheless, the captures of these devices are of a lower quality. Objectives The automatic quantification of the diaphragmatic function can determine the damage of COVID-19 on each patient and assess their evolution during the recovery period, a task that could also be complemented with the lung segmentation. Methods We propose a novel multi-task fully automatic methodology to simultaneously localize the position of the hemidiaphragms and to segment the lung boundaries with a convolutional architecture using portable chest X-ray images of COVID-19 patients. For that aim, the hemidiaphragms’ landmarks are located adapting the paradigm of heatmap regression. Results The methodology is exhaustively validated with four analyses, achieving an 82.31% ± 2.78% of accuracy when localizing the hemidiaphragms’ landmarks and a Dice score of 0.9688 ± 0.0012 in lung segmentation. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the model is able to perform both tasks simultaneously, being a helpful tool for clinicians despite the lower quality of the portable chest X-ray images.

BackgroundAlthough rare, small intestine cancer is on the rise in the developed world. We aimed to investigate the incidence trends of small intestine cancer by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and histological subgroups in the United States (US) over 2000-2020. Also, we evaluated the COVID-19 impacts on the incidence trends of this cancer.MethodsData were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 database. Both the average annual percent change (AAPC) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were determined. The findings were expressed as counts and incidence rates adjusted for age per 100,000 people with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 67,815 cases of small intestine cancer across all age groups were reported in the US between 2000 and 2019. Neuroendocrine carcinoma was the most often reported subtype (54.26%). The age group of 55 to 69 years (38.08%), men (53.10%), and Non-Hispanic Whites (69.07%) accounted for the majority of cases. Over 2000-2019, the ASIRs for small intestine cancer among men and women were 2.61 (95% CI: 2.59-2.64) and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89-1.94) per 100,000, indicating a significant increase of 2.01% and 2.12%, respectively. Non-Hispanic Black men had the highest ASIR (4.25 per 100,000). Also, those aged 80-84 age group had the highest ASIR. During COVID-19, the ASIR of small intestine cancer decreased by 8.94% (5.06-12.81%).ConclusionsSmall intestine cancer incidence raised in all sexes and ethnicities. Following COVID-19, reported cases declined, possibly due to pandemic-related diagnostic challenges. The impact of underdiagnosis on patient survival needs further investigations.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery is a common orthopedic procedure. Minimally invasive surgeries and arthroscopy are becoming more common, and tourniquets are utilized in these procedures to reduce bleeding and allow for improved tissue visualization. Case Report: In this paper, we report a 32-year-old man who underwent the right knee ACL reconstruction using a tourniquet following trauma. He developed thigh swelling at the tourniquet site after surgery. Right thigh ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated extensive interstitial edema in all compartments without collection, hematoma, or hemorrhage. The patient was treated with dexamethasone and Lasix for four days. Rehabilitation activities included exercises to improve range of motion (ROM), strength exercises, and a home workout routine. Two weeks after discharge, the swelling decreased by about 80%. Conclusion: We believe that using a tourniquet during the reconstruction surgery may be responsible for the extensive edema in the limb. However, despite several diagnostic methods, we could not explain the reason for the edema in the limb following surgery.

While various methods of direct air capture (DAC) technology have been implemented, its widespread effectiveness hinges on achieving optimal design and process improvements, largely owing to the high energy costs involved. Literatures reports a substantial heat demand for high-temperature aqueous solutions DAC (HT DAC), ranging from 1420 to 2250 kWh per ton of CO2, accompanied by electricity consumption rates varying from 366 to 2790 kWh per ton of CO2. The present study adopts the HT DAC method with an aqueous KOH absorbent as its focus, aiming to mitigate energy consumption. Given that a substantial portion of energy consumption in comparable processes can be attributed to the calciner and slaker units, our research centers its attention on the Air Separation Unit (ASU) and the steam cycle unit, investigating their impact on the system's production capacity, the enhancement of CO2 purity, and the augmentation of equipment thermal recovery. Process optimization, results a remarkable increase in heat recovery (21.1 %) and significant reductions in utilities consumption. The outcomes indicate that this facility has the capacity to annually capture around 1.1 million tons of CO2 with a purity of 99 mol% for utilization across various industries. The process design necessitates 5.24 gigajoules (GJ) of heat and 343 kW-hours (kWh) of electricity per ton of captured CO2. Notably, in addition to fulfilling the internal electricity requirements, the facility can export 8 MWh of electricity per ton of captured CO2 to the grid.

Abstract Background and Objectives Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign skin disorder with various histopathologic features that are rarely investigated in Iranian population. We performed this study to find out the clinical and histopathologic features of GA in our referral centre. Methods One hundred‐thirty‐six patients with biopsy‐proven GA were reviewed. Clinical data and pathological features were recorded. Results One hundred‐eight female patients and 28 male patients (Female/male ratio: 3.85) with mean age of 42.54 ± 21.2 years (range: 2–83 years) were recruited. Eighty‐eight (64.7%) patients had interstitial infiltrative pattern and 48 (35.3%) patients had complete palisading granulomas. The infiltrate occupied both upper and lower dermis in most of the cases (67.7%). Significant mucin was detected more commonly in complete GA compared to interstitial GA (p = 0.019), but inflammation degree, eosinophils, plasma cells, and giant cells were not different between two subtypes of GA (p > 0.05). The significant inflammation contained more significant plasma cells (p = 0.006). The significantly more giant cells were detected in patients between 20 and 60 years of age (p = 0.015); but other factors were not different between age groups. Conclusions In our study, the prevalence of GA in women was significantly higher than in men. Interstitial GA was the more common histological subtype and the inflammation was less severe and the infiltrate was mostly pandermal in our cases. More severe inflammation contained more plasma cells, and more dense giant cells were seen in middle aged patients.

The value of reducing energy consumption in buildings has increased worldwide. This is because the consumption of fossil fuels in a building is as much as in other industries, also among buildings, the consumption of commercial-office buildings has a higher energy consumption; Therefore, the adoption of energy efficiency techniques in the construction and operation of buildings will play an essential role in creating sustainable cities in the future, and for this reason, green building standards such as IgCC, ASHRAE 189.1 and LEED are expanding. At the same time the advancement of technologies such as electric cars and solar cells, incredibly transparent solar cells for generating electricity are being witnessed. In this research, based on building energy simulation techniques, a commercial-office building has been investigated based on green building standards, considering the presence of electric cars and transparent solar cells. This research shows that the building with two scenarios of solar panels on the roof will be reduced by 9% and with transparent panels for electricity production by 18%. Also, the return rate of the first scenario is five years and nine months. The return rate of the second scenario is approximately six years and two months, which will decrease to 2 months and 20 days for the first scenario and three years and three months for the second scenario with the implementation of government incentive policies. Another finding was obtained through the intelligentization of electric car charging costs. It showed that if electric car charging stations are used in the building in three different states, including buildings without solar panels, building with the presence of solar panels only on the roof, and building with solar panels on the roof and transparent solar panels on the windows is 10%, 20% and 30% less than the cheapest commercial electric car charging station.

Everyday aesthetics, at its core, is based on the supposed dichotomy between art and life, considering life as something routine-like, and art as the breaking of the routine, something charismatic. Different authors of everyday aesthetics use different words to describe this dichotomy. For example, in his article “What is ‘Everyday’ in Everyday Aesthetics?”, Ossi Naukkarinen simply uses everydayness and non-everyday-like, while Arto Haapala, in his “On the Aesthetics of the Everyday: Familiarity, Strangeness, and the Meaning of Place” uses the terms familiarity and strangeness. The authors also propose different ways of bridging this dichotomy. However, as the paper shows, the real question is not how to bridge the dichotomy itself but rather whether the dichotomy exists in the first place. Moreover, the paper suggests a change of direction in future investigations of everyday aesthetics, and focusing on the nuances that exist on the routine-charisma and charismatic-routine spectrum, supported by academic research and the personal account of the paper’s author art project. Moreover, the implications of this shift extend beyond the boundaries of everyday aesthetics.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the association between Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms, specifically C677T and A1298C, and the susceptibility to myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus until April 2023 to identify studies investigating the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of MI. Results: The analysis included 66 studies involving 16,860 cases and 20,403 controls for the C677T polymorphism and 18 studies comprising 3162 cases and 3632 controls for the A1298C polymorphism. Significant associations were observed between the C677T polymorphism and MI risk in various genetic models: dominant (OR = 1.16, 95 % CI = 1.06–1.28, P = 0.008), recessive (OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.12–1.28, P

One of the specific features of porphyry copper (Cu) mineralization is the distinct occurrence of hydrothermal alteration zones, which can be mapped by processing various satellite images. Among free multispectral images, Landsat 8 OLI and ASTER data are known to be efficient in mapping different geological features, such as alteration zones and tectonic lineaments. This study aims to show the potential of these data types in mapping porphyry Cu mineralization by proposing a framework for employing and integrating different image processing methods. These methods include principal component analysis (PCA), spectral angle mapper (SAM), and matched filtering (MF) employed on these satellite images to map target al.teration zones. Moreover, PCA and directional filtering are applied to the ASTER dataset to enhance and map structural features. The results are evaluated and then combined to provide a potential map of Cu mineralization in the Chahargonbad area, located within the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt (UDMB) in Kerman province, Iran. The prediction-area plot and normalized density, which are data-driven methods, are used to assign the relative weight of each layer and evaluate them. Finally, using the calculated weights, data-driven multi-index overlay (DMIO) and fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (FOWA) methods are applied to combine the evidential layers. The potential mineralization maps created by the DMIO and FOWA provide a prediction rate of 80% and 82%, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy of the integrated maps is investigated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The AUC scores obtained from the ROC curves of DMIO and FOWA methods are 0.85 and 0.88, respectively, representing powerful positive spatial relationships with mineralization areas. Based on the results, the proposed framework can be applied to provide a potential map of porphyry Cu mineralization, particularly in arid regions, with reasonable accuracy.

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and expansion induced are one of the major concerns over durability of concrete structures. It causes an increase in internal stresses and hence deteriorating mechanical properties, reducing load capacity, and compromising structures’ serviceability. Factors governing ASR include water-to-cement ratio, alkali content, the content of reactive aggregate, exposure temperature, relative humidity, etc. Previous prediction models for ASR expansion focus on the measurements under particular conditions and these models are suffering from the neglect of effects of some factors. This study aims to propose a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model to predict ASR by considering both mix compositions and environmental conditions. In this paper, by adopting two different training functions, namely Levenberg-Marquardt function (LM) and Bayesian regularisation backpropagation (BR), two models of LM-BPNN and BR-BPNN were developed and proposed. To achieve this, a database containing 168 pairs of data from 25 studies was established, its data includes water-to-cement ratio, cement content, alkali fraction, content of non-reactive and reactive fine/coarse aggregate, temperature, and relative humidity. Results indicate that both LM-BPNN and BR-BPNN models can produce reasonable estimates for ASR expansion at 180 days with MSE and R of 0.00209%, 0.002753%, 0.926 and 0.912, respectively. Results reveal that fraction of reactive fine/coarse aggregate is dominant on ASR expansion while alkali content and humidity have a significant correlation with expansion. Water-to-cement ratio, cement content, and content of non-reactive fine/coarse aggregate have low impact on ASR expansion based on the results.

In this research, the simulation and modeling of the energy use for a two-story theoretical building which is equipped with the green roof in three various climates of Iran (Tabriz: cold and dry; Tehran: mild and dry; and Bandar Abbas: tropical and dry) has been done. The purpose of this simulation is to show the impacts of the green roof on reducing thermal loads of a building and also its role in reducing the heat flux passing through the roof of the building. The procedure is that first this building takes its model in one software and then this 3D model is delivered to the Energy Plus simulation engine, then simulation is done in different period of times. For each city, a normal building with an asphalt roof was simulated along with a completely similar building which has the vegetation cover rather than asphalt in the last layer of its roof and the output results are compared with each other. The simulation results show that by applying the green roof, the basic state of annual electricity consumption in the cities of Tehran, Tabriz and Bandar Abbas decrease 16.3%, 12.5% and 23%, respectively. According to the values obtained, using the green roof is more efficient in tropical areas (Bandar Abbas) than cold areas (Tabriz). Bandar Abbas with tropical and dry climate needs much energy to cool the environment in the summer, but due to the balanced temperature in the cold months and no need of energy for heating, the amount of energy consumption in Bandar Abbas is much lower than other cities during the year. Also, the sensitization analysis tests have shown that the energy consumption of building is strongly dependent on the thickness of the soil parameters changes and plant density of the green roof structure, therefore more thickness of the applied soil has better thermal insulation. The economic savings per year based on the use of a green roof for the building, located in Tehran, Tabriz and Bandar Abbas are 562, 660 and 381 $ respectively.

Background and Aims: Guided endodontics is a new technique that is now evolving. It is used in many treatments, especially in access cavity preparation and locating root canals in teeth with pulp canal obliteration (PCO), microsurgical endodontics, and fiber post removal in retreatments. In addition, this technique is independent of operator experience, requires less treatment time for the patient, and is more precise and safer than conventional endodontics. This technique involves the use of cone beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT), tooth surface scanning, and special software to provide guidance for performing endodontic treatment in a fast, safe, and minimally invasive manner. This review article aims to introduce guided endodontics and to describe its technique, advantages, and limitations.

Abstract Background Considering that ablation of atypical AVNRT may be unsuccessful after ablation at the right posterior septum, in this study, we aimed to present an optimal method for ablation of atypical AVNRT. Also, we evaluated the efficacy of this technique for preventing recurrences. Methods This is a prospective, double-center study. It was conducted on 62 patients with atypical AVNRT referred for radiofrequency ablation. The patients were randomly divided into two groups before ablation: 1-Group A (n = 30): treated with conventional ablation at the anatomic area of the slow pathway; 2-Group B (n = 32): ablation was done 2 mm higher in the septum during fluoroscopy. Results The mean age of patients in groups A and B were 54 ± 11.7 and 55 ± 12.2, respectively (P = 0.43). In group A, ablation was successful in 24 (80%) patients following right-sided slow pathway ablation, and the remaining patients required further treatment with either a left-side approach (N = 4, 13.3%) or ablation of additional regions (N = 2, 6.7%). In group B, ablation was successful in all patients. After a 48-month follow-up, recurrence of symptomatic atypical AVNRT was detected in 4 (13.3%) patients of group A and none of group B patients (p

Depression and anxiety are common events in 30-40 percent of post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients. Depression symptoms in patients with CAD are expected to be significantly more, comparing the public incidence rate. Impaired remedy after coronary artery events may partly be attributed to depression and anxiety. If anxiety continues, it may lead to elevate metabolism and oxygen consuming. High level of anxiety increases the pain sensation in post CABG patients. This paper aimed to review results and findings of previous studies in the field of anxiety and depression management of post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Up to 78 credited studies collected and compared in this review. Findings revealed that depression and anxiety could more complicate medical post CABG remedy. In addition, preoperative depression and anxiety symptoms would be persisted in post CABG recovery. Therefore, prior patients training about depression and anxiety symptoms would be wise strategy to help them describe their psychological mood before and after surgery. Findings also suggest that anxiety amplified depression prevalence in post CABG patients. Among the other methods, Benson relaxation is the best complementary medicine to mitigate pre-CABG anxiety. In addition, massage and music therapy could influence on post CABG anxiety and depression. There are also some robust evidences, indicating that perceived social support could influence post CABG anxiety and depression. Furthermore, sedative (such as propofol) and opioid and non-opioid analgesics, which used in post CABG pain management, could directly reduce anxiety level. Antidepressants sertraline and citalopram are the best studied post CABG pharmacological treatments which influence on post CABG remedy and hospitalization. The results suggest that treatment for anxiety is essential for alleviating patient suffering. In addition, anxiety treatment could protect patient against depression before and after CABG surgery.

AbstractProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint and has been reported to be associated with several autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between human PD-1 gene (PDCD1) polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis (MS). This case-control study was conducted on 229 MS patients and 246 healthy controls. Genotyping of rs36084323 (PD-1.1 G/A), rs11568821 (PD-1.3 G/A) and rs2227981 (PD-1.5 C/T) polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP technique. The frequency difference of PD-1.1 genotypes and alleles (−536 G/A) between patients and healthy controls was not significant. Regarding PD-1.3, the AA + AG genotype was found to be relatively higher in the control group. Concerning PD-1.5 (+7785 C/T), the frequency of T allele carriers (TT + CT) was relatively higher in MS patients, which was marginally insignificant (p = .07). PD-1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with MS; however, accurate conclusions require further studies with a larger number of samples.

Background and Objective: Food insecurity is defined as limited or uncertain access to adequate and healthy food in terms of nutrition or limited ability to obtain food in socially acceptable ways, which can affect the health of the elderly. The aim of this research is to investigate the state of food insecurity and the factors affecting it and its role in physical and mental health in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 elderly people aged 60 years and older who referred to 10 health centers in Sanandaj, and were selected via random cluster sampling. Demographic information questionnaire, HFIAS food security questionnaire (8 questions with a score range of 0 to 24) and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (28 questions with 4 subscales) were completed and reviewed. Findings: In this study, 324 elderly women and 224 men were evaluated, 75.6% were married and 73.6% were illiterate. The findings showed that 59.1% (325 people) of the elderly had some degree of food insecurity and severe insecurity was observed in 62 people (11.3%). Food insecurity in people with moderate to severe physical symptoms (OR=7.33), anxiety and sleep disorder (OR=8.63), functional disorder (OR=6.78), depression (OR=21.12) and in general, moderate to severe general health disorder (OR=11.85) was seen more. In addition, food insecurity, not being married, being illiterate, living alone, and low income were observed to a greater extent in women. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the prevalence of food insecurity among the elderly in Sanandaj is significant and is related to factors such as general, physical and mental health disorders.

Background. Used oil is a problematic waste containing hazardous and toxic components. This study aimed to investigate the quantity of used oil produced by motor vehicles in Iran and offer management solutions based on health and environmental principles. Methods. First, the conversion ratio of motor oil into used oil was determined. The mass balance method and the conversion ratio were used to estimate the used oil produced in the past 14 years. The amount of used oil produced over the following 15 years was also predicted using an artificial neural network. The current status of used oil management in Iran was assessed through checklists, observations, field visits, and interviews. Finally, an appropriate management solution was provided for it. Results. According to the results, 151.2 to 315.2 kilotons (kt) of used oil were produced annually in Iran between 2003 to 2017, and it would reach 250 kt by 2031 according to prediction. In Iran, approximately 77% of the used oil was collected and recycled, about 5% was used in construction, and the rest was disposed and managed without following the scientific principles. Conclusion. The lack of principled management of used oil may have had a significant adverse impact on the environment. Taking into account the fact that about 55% of used oil was produced by vehicles, and assuming that the remaining 45% of used oil was produced by other sources, it was concluded that the overall percentage of used oil production in Iran was probably two-fold approximately. Therefore, it was recommended that the current situation and its principled management should be minitored.

Background and Objective: One of the main ways of transmitting diseases is drinking water, so the safety of drinking water is an important issue for consumers, water suppliers, operators, and health officials. This study was conducted to identify and semi-quantitative evaluation and prioritization of risks in the drinking water supply system of Bostan Abad city. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate and document the key elements of WSP and identify the steps that need improvement, the quality assurance tool of the water safety plan (WSP-QA TOOL software) was used, and then based on the guide of the water safety plan from the WHO and the International Association Water safety, WSP team formed. Then the water supply system of Bostan Abad city from the farthest point of the basin to the last consumption point was inspected and described. Results: The results showed that the highest number of risks are in the water supply sources, distribution network, and point of consumption, respectively. Also, the most vulnerable part of the system was identified as the disinfection unit and storage tanks due to biological and chemical contamination caused by equipment failure and improper preparation of chlorine solution. Conclusion: In summary, it can be said that carrying out the necessary reforms can play an effective role in reducing the risk potential in times of crisis, which should be given serious attention by water industry officials.

Abstract Background The role of leukocytes and systemic inflammation indicators in predicting the severity and mortality of inflammatory diseases has been well reported, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLPR), derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), as well as systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic inflammation index (SII). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of systemic inflammatory indicators in the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective study included 169 COPD patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from the patients’ electronic records. The ability of systemic inflammation indeces to distinguish the severity of COVID-19 was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and survival probability was determined by the mean of Kaplan–Meier curves, with the endpoint being death. Results ROC curves showed that the AUD level was significant for WBC, MLR, SIRI, and AISI. Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that survival was lower with higher MLR (HR = 2.022, 95% CI = 1.030 to 3.968, P

Background: Animal and human studies have demonstrated that the saffron and the active components of saffron, including crocin, crocetin, and safranal, possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In this meta-analysis, the preclinical evidence and potential mechanism of saffron were explored in an animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. Methods: Studies related to saffron and its constituents in an animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma from the beginning to March 2024 were searched from Scopus, PubMed, andWeb of Science databases. The methodological quality of the studieswas evaluated using the 15-item CAMARADES checklist. Data analysis was performed using STATA software version 17. Results: Thirteen studies with 536 animals (268 animals in the intervention group and 268 animals in the ovalbumin-induced group) were analyzed. The meta-analysis findings demonstrated that saffron and its constituents played a significant role in reducing total WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. Moreover, saffron showed a significant decrease in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE, histamine, endothelin, nitric oxide, and nitrite. Moreover, saffron was found to elevate EC50 thresholds and lower maximum response rates in experimental animals. The analysis revealed a significant identification of modulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and miRNAs pathways. Conclusion: Saffron and its components may impact ovalbumin-induced asthma model in animals through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory pathways, as well as improving pulmonary function and modulating ER stress markers and miRNAs pathways. As a result, saffron should be considered for further clinical trials in individuals suffering from asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]