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How pathogenic cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop remains poorly understood. We used Nur77-a marker of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling-to identify antigen-activated CD4 T cells in the SKG mouse model of autoimmune arthritis and in patients with RA. Using a fluorescent reporter of Nur77 expression in SKG mice, we found that higher levels of Nur77-eGFP in SKG CD4 T cells marked their autoreactivity, arthritogenic potential, and ability to more readily differentiate into interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells. The T cells with increased autoreactivity, nonetheless had diminished ex vivo inducible TCR signaling, perhaps reflective of adaptive inhibitory mechanisms induced by chronic autoantigen exposure in vivo. The enhanced autoreactivity was associated with up-regulation of IL-6 cytokine signaling machinery, which might be attributable, in part, to a reduced amount of expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)-a key negative regulator of IL-6 signaling. As a result, the more autoreactive GFPhi CD4 T cells from SKGNur mice were hyperresponsive to IL-6 receptor signaling. Consistent with findings from SKGNur mice, SOCS3 expression was similarly down-regulated in RA synovium. This suggests that despite impaired TCR signaling, autoreactive T cells exposed to chronic antigen stimulation exhibit heightened sensitivity to IL-6, which contributes to the arthritogenicity in SKG mice, and perhaps in patients with RA.

Cornel West considers the prophets to have two characteristics of love and courage against the devil of their time, and by naming his approach as Prophetic Pragmatism, he intends to cultivate these characteristics. He uses the tradition of pragmatism, Marxism, African-American Philosophy, and Christian liberation theology to arrive at prophetic pragmatism. In this article, using analytical-critical method, we investigate the place of Christian liberation theology in West's Prophetic Pragmatism. Due to the fact that most of the researches conducted on Prophetic Pragmatism either examine this approach in general or focus on examining the results of religious traditions in it, the evaluation of the place of Christian liberation theology has been neglected in it. The results of the present research show that social justice emerged from Christian liberating theology is opposed to the exercise of power and creates the necessity of Prophetic Pragmatism. Although liberation theology is not West's only source for Prophetic Pragmatism, it is the foundation without which this approach could not have emerged.

Testing for genetic alterations in tumor tissue allows clinicians to identify patients who most likely will benefit from molecular targeted treatment. EXLIQUID – exploiting liquid biopsies to advance cancer precision medicine – investigates the potential of additional non-invasive tools for guiding therapy decisions and monitoring of advanced cancer patients. The term “liquid biopsy” (LB) refers to non-invasive analysis of tumor-derived circulating material such as cell-free DNA in blood samples from cancer patients. Although recent technological advances allow sensitive and specific detection of LB biomarkers, only few LB assays have entered clinical routine to date. EXLIQUID is a German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-wide joint funding project that aims at establishing LBs as a minimally-invasive tool to analyze molecular changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Here, we present the structure, clinical aim, and methodical approach of the new DKTK EXLIQUID consortium. Within EXLIQUID, we will set up a multicenter repository of high-quality LB samples from patients participating in DKTK MASTER and local molecular tumor boards, which use molecular profiles of tumor tissues to guide targeted therapies. We will develop LB assays for monitoring of therapy efficacy by the analysis of tumor mutant variants and tumor-specific DNA methylation patterns in ctDNA from these patients. By bringing together LB experts from all DKTK partner sites and exploiting the diversity of their particular expertise, complementary skills and technologies, the EXLIQUID consortium addresses the challenges of translating LBs into the clinic. The DKTK structure provides EXLIQUID a unique position for the identification of liquid biomarkers even in less common tumor types, thereby extending the group of patients benefitting from non-invasive LB testing. Besides its scientific aims, EXLIQUID is building a valuable precision oncology cohort and LB platform which will be available for future collaborative research studies within the DKTK and beyond.

Economists and policymakers are interested in how government spending affects economic performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of government capital expenditures by component on the GDP of Iran's provinces between 2011 and 2019 using a Bayesian approach. To do so, after estimating over 500,000 regressions and averaging the Bayesian model's coefficients, the five sub-categories of industry, judiciary, energy, health and information and communications technology were identified as the most effective sub-categories of government capital expenditures on provincial GDP. Then, a hierarchical Bayesian panel model was specified and estimated to determine the extent to which and how each of these subsections affects the provinces' GDP. Monte Carlo simulations using Markov chains indicate that while judicial and health expenditures reduced production during the study period, expenditures on industry, energy, information and communications technology increased production in Iran's provinces.

Objective: To compare the ability of quantitative trauma severity assessment methods based on Glasgow comascale, age, and arterial pressure (GAP), revised trauma score (RTS), and injury severity score (ISS) criteria indetermining the prognosis of accidental patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on random patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospitalin Urmia from March 20, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The data were obtained by using a checklist includesitems such as age, sex, respiration rate, oxygen saturation level, pulse rate, primary blood pressure, initialGlascow coma scale (GCS), patient outcome and injury to different parts of body. After collecting the data, itwas entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the descriptive and analytical statistics include an independentt-test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curves.Results: Out of 1930 studied patients, 365 (18.9%) were women and 1565 (81.1%) were men. The mean age ofpatients was 37.05±17.11 years and women were significantly older than men. The mortality rate was 4.8% andwas significantly more in men compared to women. The mean blood pressure, GCS and oxygen saturation levelwere lower in deceased patients. The mean GAP, ISS and RTS values were 23.13±2.69, 4.07±3.82, 7.72±0.52,respectively. The mean values of GAP and RTS were significantly low in deceased patients whereas the meanISS value was significantly high in the deceased patients. The Area under the curve (AUS) for ISS was greaterthan the other two scoring systems.Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that all three systems were adequately efficient toprognoses the final outcome in multi-trauma patients but the ISS measure was better than the other two criteria.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is an important problem in postmenopausal women. The use of best treatment is crucial to attaining appropriate therapeutic and prophylactic outcomes. Combination therapy versus single therapy may develop better results. This study was performed to determine the effects of alendronate alone versus plus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Iranian postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial 200 consecutive postmenopausal osteoporotic women since 2018 to 2020 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either alendronate 70 mg alone or plus HRT 0.625 mg CEE and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate. The improvement in BMD, hot flash, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and mood disorders was assessed after 12 months and compared across the groups. SPSS software by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-Square, and Mann-Whitney-U tests. Results: Complete improvement in BMD was seen in 20 and 47 percent in single and combination groups, respectively with statistically significant difference (P=0.001). According to results, the improvements in hot flashes (P=0.048), vaginal dryness (P=0.001), dyspareunia (P=0.002), and mood disorders (P=0.001) in women were better in combination group. Conclusion: The addition of HRT to alendronate can increase the therapeutic effects on BMD and other symptoms in postmenopausal osteoporotic women and its use is recommended.

One of the requirements and guarantees of the principle of neutrality is to conduct preliminary investigations by an independent judge and to distinguish the prosecutor from the investigating authority.In this regard,the investigator entered the structure of the department of justice and the prosecutor's powers were prosecuted as a party to the limited criminal proceedings.Although the principle of impartiality and the necessity of observance of it in Article 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code of our country have been emphasized,but its requirements and aspects Particularly in the preliminary stage of the preliminary investigation, officials have been neglected.In the same way, prosecutors still have the power to investigate and arrest the defendants in a large number of crimes and the investigator does not have complete independence in conducting investigations.Moreover,despite the adoption of the judiciary system,in some crimes and in the courts of the section,the system of public courts (all stages of proceedings by the judge of the unit( are applied,which is contrary to the principle of neutrality.In this article, the principle of neutrality and its components in the preliminary investigation and the degree of adherence of the legislator of our country to the requirements of this principle have been analyzed.

One of the important questions regarding the mortgage is the disintegration or non-disintegration of the mortgage due to the falling of a part of the debt. Although Article 783 of the Civil Code prohibits the disintegration of mortgages, the provisions of this article seem to apply only to cases where the mortgagor, the mortgagee, the mortgage contract and the debt are units. There is no consensus in Imami jurisprudence and case law regarding the cases of mortgage disintegration. In Imami jurisprudence, the criterion of mortgage degradability is the number of mortgage contracts. However, there is a difference between them in the application of the multiplicity and non-multiplicity condition of the mortgage contract (the criterion of a single or multiple mortgage contract) and this difference in criteria leads them to disagree on the subject. Contrary to Imami jurisprudence, such a criterion was not presented in the case law. However, cases of mortgage disintegration have been identified and studied. However, jurists have not examined these cases in detail. Article 19 of 2014 Act on Elimination of Production Obstacles, on its territory (loans paid by the banking network to production units), accepted the sharing of mortgages in proportion to the payment of the debt and limited Article 783 of the Civil Code. Articles 113 and 119 of the Regulations for the Execution of the Provisions of Enforceable Official Acts also admitted the next multiplicity of mortgagors. In this research, while examining the voluntary and involuntary causes of mortgage disintegration, the advantages and disadvantages of Article 783 of the Civil Code and the shortcomings of the Civil Law in mortgage disintegration are revealed.

Abstract Introduction: Food labels can be beneficial instruments for patients with chronic diseases to take care of the health. The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with chronic diseases about food labeling and effects of sociodemographic factors on it. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2019 on 800 patients with chronic diseases who referred to clinics of Heshmat and Razi hospitals in Gilan, Iran, through convenience sampling. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic information were assessed. Status of knowledge, attitude and practice toward food labeling were assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. Mann-whitney U-test and Kruscal-wallis test was used for statistical analysis. P-value

Since the first wave of COVID-19, different methods for management of COVID-19 ARDS were proposed. Early intubation and mechanical ventilation was performing more than other methods. after several mounths, limitation of equipment in hospitals, made the specialists think of less aggresive methods. NIV was one of suggestion performed before intubation which improve oxygenation of patients. They don't get any sedation and have regular diet. As a result, the need for ICU and ventilator for respiratory support decreases. In this case study, we report a patient that had permanent tracheostomy and hospitalised for COVID-19 ARDS. At first we connected the tracheostomy to a CPAP devise.

Introduction Recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that endovascular therapy for basilar artery occlusion is safe and effective. However, many people still have poor outcomes despite treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of good functional outcome in posterior circulation strokes after mechanical thrombectomy from the Trevo Stent‐Retriever Acute Stroke TRACK and the North American Solitaire Stent Retriever Acute Stroke (NASA) registries. Methods Patient‐level data from the TRACK and NASA registries were pooled and patients with posterior circulation stroke were included in the analysis. Patients were dichotomized into those with 90‐day good functional outcome (mRS≤2) and poor functional outcome (mRS>2). Baseline and procedural data were compared between the two cohorts. Multivariate logistic regression was then performed to identify predictors of functional outcome. P‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 119 posterior stroke patients (99 BA, 16 VA, and 4 PCA), a total of 110 patients had mRS data available on follow‐up. Good functional outcome was observed in 44 patients (37%). Patients with mRS≤2 were less likely to have hypertension (61.4% versus 83.3%, p = 0.01), dyslipidemia (38.6% versus 62.1%, p = 0.016), and diabetes (18.2% versus 36.4%, p = 0.040). Patients with mRS≤2 had a lower mean baseline NIHSS (15.2±9.95 versus 22.6±9.50, p< .001). Time to puncture, utilization of BGC, general anesthesia use, number of passes, and successful recanalization (TICI≥ 2B) were not significantly different between the two cohorts. On multivariate analysis, higher baseline NIHSS was associated with worse functional outcome (OR:0.91, CI:0.87‐0.96, P< .001). Use of IV tPA was associated with higher odds of achieving good functional outcomes (OR:2.82, CI:1.06‐7.51, P:0.038). Conclusions In this pooled analysis of the NASA and TRACK Registries, posterior circulation patients achieving good outcome were more likely to have a lower baseline NIHSS and less comorbidities. Use of IV‐tPA and lower baseline NIHSS were independent predictors of functional outcome.

Introduction Endovascular coiling for intracerebral aneurysms has been evolving. Yet, large, and giant aneurysms (LAGA) remain a significant challenge for treatment and carry a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated 72–76% long‐term adequate occlusion and up to 34% retreatment rate in patients undergoing reconstructive treatment for LAGA. Methods The SMART registry, a prospective, multicenter outcome trial was used to identify patients with LAGA (Sac 10–24mm for large and ≥ 25mm for giant aneurysms) treated with the Penumbra SMART COIL® (SMART) system in the US and Canada. Patients’ characteristics and outcomes were then compared to patients with smaller aneurysms (SA) (Sac≤10mm). Primary effectiveness endpoint was aneurysm occlusion using Raymond‐Roy (RR) scale and safety endpoints included mortality and stroke outcomes. Fisher exact test and T‐test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively. P‐value

In the present study, the trend of divergence and fragmentation of different sections of Astragalus in the Old World has been investigated. Based on previous studies, Astragalus species are divided into three groups: primitive, intermediate, and advanced. The distribution maps of each of these groups in the Old World were presented in the study. The primitive group consists mainly of herbaceous sections with simple hairs and an old drought-tolerant section with woody stems and bifurcating hairs that are densely distributed in Asia and Africa and scattered in Europe. The intermediate group, with thorny cushion shapes, is often scattered in the Zagros and Alborz mountains, mountainous regions of Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, and extend from the east to Afghanistan, the Hindu Kush, and the southern parts of the Himalayas. The results of the study show that the distribution pattern of the advanced group is very heterogeneous and its pattern is consistent with the primitive group. The simple hair sections are often scattered below 35 degrees north latitude and the bifurcated hairs sections are more frequently distributed above 35 degrees north latitude. Annual Astragalus species are heterogeneously distributed in all three main groups. In all three groups, parallel evolution has taken place at the level of sections and species. At each point of distribution, their number has a limited distribution. In addition, some species have achieved non-genetic diversity by functional or regulatory genetic, hereditary or structural mechanisms and created distinct species that have adapted in nature to the ecological conditions of the same areas and continue to regenerate with even more distributions.

Biological characteristics especially oviposition behavior of parasitoids are one of the most important factors to determine their efficiency to suppress a pest population. In this study, age-specific oviposition pattern, parasitism rate, hatch rate, and sex ratio of Trichogramma brassicae on Ephestia kuehniella were evaluated at temperature of 25±1ºC, 70±5% relative humidity and a 16 h light: 8 h dark photoperiod. The results showed that younger T. brassicae (1st-4th days) moved throughout the cardboard and often parasitized eggs which placed in the central part, but female parasitoid of T. brassicae moved straight on cardboard and parasitized closer eggs in the end days of life (5th and 6th days). The maximum daily parasitized eggs by T. brassicae was 13.03±0.56 at the beginning of its oviposition period. Then, it decreased significantly with adult female age. The female age influenced hatch rate (%) of T. brassicae eggs. Its values were ranged from 95.07±0.82% (1st day of oviposition period) to 42.78±6.43% (6th day of oviposition period) in different days of adult female age. The highest values for sex ratio were estimated to be in the first 3 days of adult female life. The female-biased sex ratio decreased significantly with increasing adult female age. For efficient mass rearing of T. brassiace on E. kuehniella, parasitoids should not be kept more than three days in cultures because the progeny becomes male-biased and parasitism rate decreased significantly after 3rd days. Results of this study show good potential of T. brassicae and it suggest for mass rearing and to use in augmentative biological control program.

Abstract The Permian–Triassic sedimentary succession in the Julfa region is lithostratigraphically composed of limestones and shales of the Julfa Formation, the Zal Member shales, and the Paratirolites Limestone of the Ali-Bashi Formation, as well as shales and carbonate beds of the Elikah Formation. The Lower Julfa Beds are rich in benthic organisms such as brachiopods and corals, while the Upper Julfa Beds and Ali-Bashi Formation contain pelagic assemblages including ammonoids, fishes, and conodonts. These rocks have already been studied from different palaeontological and geochemical perspectives, but most have focused on the strata near the Permian–Triassic boundary. In the present study, ammonoids from older intervals around the Wuchiapingin–Changhsingian boundary in the four stratigraphic sections Aras Valley, Ali-Bashi 1, Ali-Bashi 4, and Zal are outlined. Fourteen genera and 22 species of ammonoids were identified and assigned to five successive biozones. The Araxocers latissimum Zone in the Lower Julfa Beds and the Vedioceras ventrosulcatum Zone in the Upper Julfa Beds document the Wuchiapingian. Following upwards, the Iranites transcaucasius-Phisonites triangulus Zone, Dzhulfites nodosus Zone and Shevyrevites shevyrevi Zone in the Zal Member confirm an early Changhsingian age. This follows the previously presented ages based on conodonts. Keywords: Permian, Julfa, Ammonoid, Wuchiapingian, Changhsingian. Introduction The northwestern region of Iran along the Permian was a part of the Cimmerian blocks, separated from the Gondwana margin, and migrated northward parallel to the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. At the Permian–Triassic boundary, this region was located near the equator, surrounded by the Neo-Tethys in the south and Paleo-Tethys in the north (Stampfli and Borel 2002; Kent and Muttoni 2020). Northwestern Iran contains valuable Lopingian successions and holds evidence of the largest extinction event in Earth's history at the end of Permian. The classical stratigraphic sections in the Caucasus and Julfa have been of interest to geologists since the 19th century. (e.g., Abich 1878; Rieben 1934; Stepanov et al. 1969; Kozur 2007; Richoz et al. 2010; Ghaderi et al. 2014a, b; Korn et al. 2016; Gliwa et al. 2020). The Permian–Triassic sequences of Julfa and Ali-Bashi mountains have been studied by Stepanov et al. (1969). They have categorized the whole succession into eight major rock units, including Genishik Beds (A), Khachik Beds (B), Lower Julfa beds (C), Upper Julfa beds (D), Permian-Triassic Transition Beds (E), Paratirolites Limestone (F), Lower Elika Formation (G) and Upper Elika Formation (H). After Stepanov et al. (1969), Teichert et al. (1973) also reviewed the Ali-Bashi Mountains region, especially the units E and F in Stepanov et al. (1969) during four parallel stratigraphic sections (sections 1 to 4). They have combined E and F units and introduced a new formation called Ali-Bashi Formation. In the following years, the rock sequences in the Ali-Bashi Mountains have been of great importance for studying molluscan fossils and conodonts. Based on conodonts, brachiopods, and ammonoids, the biostratigraphic information and chemical stratigraphy of these stratigraphic sections have been studied in various papers over the last two decades (e.g., Kozur 2007; Shen and Mei 2010; Ghaderi et al. 2014a, b; Schobben et al. 2015, 2017; Korn et al. 2016) and have greatly improved our knowledge about this lesser-known area in Central Tethys. However, there are still deficiencies in some aspects. In the present paper, ammonoid fauna of the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary in four different stratigraphic sections of Aras valley, Ali-Bashi 1 and 4, and Zal has been identified, and the biostratigraphy of the sections is presented accordingly. Material & Methods 142 different ammonoid specimens were taken in situ from the Julfa and Zal Beds, of which 84 belong to the Aras Valley section, 11 belong to Ali-Bashi 1, 18 belong to Ali-Bashi 4, and 29 belong to the Zal. Morphological characteristics of the specimens such as conch geometry and measurements of conch diameter, whorl height and width, apertural height, umbilical width, shape of the venter, arrangement and the shape of flanks, umbilical margin and the umbilical wall, shell ornaments such as growth lines, ribs, constrictions, and suture line were investigated according to Korn (2010) method. Cross-sections and suture lines of most of the ammonoids were drawn in Corel Draw 2019 software. Systematic paleontological studies have also been performed using various references (e.g., Ruzhencev and Shevyrev 1965; Zhao et al. 1978; Bando 1979; Kotlyar et al. 1983; Korn 2003; Leonova 2011; Ghaderi et al. 2014a; Korn et al. 2016; Korn and Ghaderi 2019). The ammonoid specimens discussed in this study are stored in the museum of the Geology Department of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and some in the repository of the Museum fur Naturkundeh in Berlin, Germany. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The Lopingian ammonoid assemblages of the Julfa area have a different distribution in different parts of the sections in terms of abundance and species diversity; most of them are of late Changhsingian age in these successions (Ghaderi et al. 2014a; Korn et al. 2016). Older specimens of Lopingian have less variety and abundance. The fauna in this study includes 14 genera and 22 species of ammonoids of Julfa Beds and Ali-Bashi Formation Zal Member. Fourteen genera and 18 species have been identified in the Aras Valley section, eight genera and eight species in Ali-Bashi 1, 9 genera and 11 species in Ali-Bashi 4, and eight genera and 10 species in the Zal section. Based on the Korn and Ghaderi (2019) for the Aras Valley section and what has been obtained in the present study, the classic ammonoid biostratigraphy proposed for the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary interval in the Transcaucasia (Ruzhencev and Shevyrev 1965) revised and used for the Julfa region with some modifications. The following biozones are described here and presented in ascending order: Araxoceras latissimum Range Zone: Due to the partial outcrop of the Lower Julfa Beds in the Aras Valley section and the absence of their basal parts, the constituent interval of this biozone in the mentioned section is incomplete, and its thickness is small compared to other sections. The ammonoid assemblage accompanying this biozone in different sections includes Pseudogastrioceras relicuum, Araxoceras insolens, Prototoceras discoidale, Vescotoceras sp. and Araxoceras truncatum, which well confirms the age of early Wuchiapingin for this biozone. Vedioceras ventrosulcatum Range Zone: This biozone has extended into the Upper Julfa Beds; however, the zonal maker species Vedioceras ventrosulcatum was not observed in the studied sections in this study. Korn and Ghaderi (2019) have described other species of the genus Vedioceras, such as Vedioceras fusiforme, as a respectable alternative to the species Vedioceras ventrosulcatum and the definition of this biozone. The ammonoid fauna associated with this biozone in different sections, including Pseudogastrioceras relicuum, Pseudotoceras armenorum, Dzhulfoceras sp., and Vedioceras sp. Iranites transcaucasius - Phisonites triangulus Assemblage Zone: Korn et al. (2019) in the Aras Valley section and the authors of the present study in the other three sections, Ali-Bashi 1, 4, and Zal introduce the Iranites transcaucasius - Phisonites triangulus Assemblage Zone at the Changhsingianin base. This biozone begins with the unveiling of the Zal Member in the lowest part of the Ali-Bashi Formation. Disappearance of Dzhulfoceras and Vedioceras and the emergence of the first Iranites are the most distinctive feature of this biozone. Phisonites triangulus is also present in the platy marly limestone near the member’s base, associated with Xenodiscus dorashamensis and Pseudogastrioceras relicuum. With the onset of this biozone in the basal part of the Zal Member, there is a significant reduction in benthic versus pelagic fauna, indicating a deepening of the basin, minimization of benthos organisms such as brachiopods, and the predominance of pelagic animals like ammonoids, conodonts, and fishes. Dzhulfites nodosus Range Zone: This range zone begins with the appearance of Dzhulfites as well as the newly introduced genus Araxoceltites (Korn et al. 2019) and is located approximately in the middle of the Zal Member. The best record of this biozone in northwestern Iran is related to the Aras Valley section, where Araxoceltites sanestapanus, Dzhulfites nodosus, and Dzhulfites spinosus have been found together at -9.5 meters below the extinction horizon of the section. The ammonoids Araxoceltites laterocostatus, Araxoceltites cristatus, and Pseudogastrioceras relicuum are also present as the accompanying fauna in this biozone. Shevyrevites shevyrevi Interval Zone: This biozone with a very limited stratigraphic range at the top of the Zal Member is just located below the Paratirolites limestone and begins with the appearance of Shevyrevites shevyrevi. Arexoceltites cristatus is one of the most common species of this biozone, which is found alongside Shevyrevites and rare species belonging to Dzhulfites. The other ammonoids identified in this biozone in different sections include Araxoceltites laterocostatus, Araxoceltites sanestepanus, Dzhulfites nodosus, Dzhulfites spinosus, Pseudogastrioceras relicuum, and Shevyrevites nodosus. It should be noted that all Lopingian ammonoids found in the Julfa region, except for Pseudogastrioceras and Timorites, which are belonging to Goniatitida, are ceratitic types. The predominance of ceratitids in the studied ammonoid assemblages indicates the effect of habitat on end Guadalupian extinction. So that nectobenthic and benthopelagic taxa with less lateral compaction, living in shallower tropics, are more damaged and more severely deformed. In contrast, those with high lateral compression have the most preservation. This confirms the selective effect of extinction on the mentioned fauna, indicating in unfavorable conditions, the ceratitids migrated to deeper areas due to their ability to live in the deep-water column and even survived from the end Permian great extinction event

AbstractThe compound 6-fluoro-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (1) was synthesized and reacted with diazotized 2, 4-dimethylaniline in a basic medium, yielding the hydrazone derivative (2) as a deep yellow crystalline compound. The structure of the purified product was confirmed through FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectroscopic analyses. The results showed that the product exclusively adopts a hydrazone structure, existing as an equilibrium mixture of E and Z geometrical isomers in solution. DFT quantum calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level indicated that the hydrazone form of compound (2) is more stable than the proposed azo structure, with the Z-hydrazone isomer having the lowest total energy. Additionally, UV-Vis spectroscopy studies of the E and Z isomers of hydrazone compound (2) in solvents of varying polarities showed that the E isomer is the predominant species in non-polar solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Inventory Complicated Grief (ICG) including reliability, validity and factorial structure. In this cross-sectional study, 332 women and men bereaved at least 6 months from the adult population of Iran. The results showed Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.94 for the scales overall score. Inventory Complicated Grief found a positive and significant correlation between the beck depression inventory (BDI) (r =.62, p <.001) and grief experience questionnaire (r =.74, p <.001). Still, he also found that there was a negative correlation between adult hope scale (r = −.44, p <.001). Furthermore, the results of the EFA result showed four factors on this scale. Overall, ICG showed good reliability and validity in Iranian population and it could be applied for assessing their Complicated Grief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate functionality of bridges following severe earthquakes is vital for uninterrupted rescue operations. Regarding the significance of resiliency in bridges, post‐tensioned (PT) rocking piers with low residual displacements and minimal damages have developed over the past few decades. The rocking mechanism at two ends of the pier avoids bending moments and excessive flexural damage. The self‐centering (SC) capacity in this system is provided through post‐tensioning forces. Concerning optimum seismic design and retrofit purposes, it is essential to predict the actual degree of seismic damage and SC capacity of PT rocking systems after seismic hazards. In this case, a self‐centering index (SI) is proposed to evaluate the SC capacity when piers are subjected to cyclic and seismic loadings. This SI, when used in co‐operation with a viable damage prediction model, predicts whether or not the piers remain reparable under cyclic or seismic loading scenarios. After comparing a number of energy‐based damage indices, all of which consider the cumulative hysteresis energy, with the input energy‐based damage index (IEB‐DI), the latter was calibrated against observed damages under cyclic loading tests. This DI was chosen as the most suitable damage prediction model and was considered to be simply applicable after time history analysis. In this study, the seismic performance of a seismic‐resistant dual system, consisting of three RC bents along with an SC bent, was evaluated using the aforementioned damage limit states and the introduced SI. The damage predictions of the monolithic bridge, as the reference model, were compared with the estimated damage to the dual bridge. The results show that the joint application of the IEB‐DI and the proposed SI in predicting the performance level of SC rocking piers results in a comprehensive damage prediction model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a crucial parameter that influences water flow in saturated soils, with applications in various fields such as surface water runoff, soil erosion, drainage, and solute transport. However, accurate determination of Ks is challenging due to temporal and spatial uncertainties. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the long‐term behavior of Ks in sandy soils with less than 10% fine particles. The research investigates the changes in Ks over a long period of constant head tests and examines the factors influencing its variation. Two sandy samples were tested using a hydraulic conductivity cell, and the hydraulic head and discharge were recorded for over 50 days. The results show a general decline in Ks throughout the test, except for brief periods of increase. At the end of both tests, there are noticeable reductions in the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the samples, with one sample being 96% and the other sample 91% less than the maximum recorded saturated hydraulic conductivity during the tests. Furthermore, the relationship between flow rate and hydraulic head gradient does not follow the expected linear correlation from Darcy's law, highlighting the complex nature of sandy soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. The investigation of soil properties in three different sections of the samples before and after the tests revealed a decrease in the percentage of fine particles and a shift in specific gravity from the bottom to the top of the sample, suggesting particle migration along the flow direction. Factors such as clogging by fine particles and pore pressure variation contribute to the changes in Ks. The findings of this research show the importance of considering changes of saturated hydraulic conductivity during constant‐head laboratory tests. Therefore, this study provides evidence for the requirement to further assess the laboratory methods for measurement of the saturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil mixtures. Key Points: The estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity through constant head tests demonstrates sensitivity to the duration of the testsObservations indicate an alteration in particle size distribution before and after testing within different sections of the samplesFlow rate and hydraulic gradient vary over the test duration, emphasizing the complex hydraulic system within the samples [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medial Forebrain Bundle Deep Brain Stimulation (MFB‐DBS) can have rapid and long lasting antidepressant effects in Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) patients. The mechanisms are not well understood, but one hypothesis stipulates that modulation of the dopaminergic (DAergic) fibers contribute to the therapeutic outcome. Acute DBS effects on DA release have been studied; however, longitudinal studies with acute‐repetitive DBS are lacking. Long‐Evans accumbal DA release and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) calcium tonic and phasic signaling to different mfb‐DBS parameters were measured using fiber photometry over 8 weeks, following acute and repetitive stimulation in behaving and non‐behaving animals. DBS‐induced release was observed in both targets, with increased frequency and DBS duration. 130 Hz stimulation increased phasic and tonic DA response over time, with the latter being a potential mechanism for its long‐term clinical effectiveness. VTA calcium transients decreased, while phasic activity increased with frequency. Pulse width (PW)‐mediated differential peak release timing also suggests potential parallel activation of diverse fiber types. Additionally, decreased DA transients rate during Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) suggests context and stimulation duration‐dependent DA release. The data confirm chronic antidromic/orthodromic DAergic responses with stimulation parameter dependent variability, providing novel insights into temporal adaptations, connectivity and fiber recruitment on mfb DBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a high‐risk subtype with a gene expression profile similar to Ph‐positive ALL, due to activation of tyrosine kinase signalling. To understand the clinical implications of Ph‐like ALL, this single‐centre retrospective study evaluates outcomes in 268 adults, largely Hispanic ALL patients treated between 2013 and 2024, with a subgroup analysis of 139 haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. ALL subtypes included 68 (25.4%) Ph‐like, 89 (33.2%) Ph‐positive, and 111 (41.4%) Ph‐negative. Ph‐like patients were the youngest age at diagnosis (p = 0.007), most likely to have refractory disease (p < 0.001), and least likely to achieve minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity after induction (p = 0.031). Relative to Ph‐negative ALL, Ph‐like achieved worse event‐free survival (EFS) (HR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.12–2.46; p = 0.012), whereas Ph‐positive had improved EFS (HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.38–0.93; p = 0.024) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.35–0.99; p = 0.046). Within the transplant subgroup, Ph status did not impact disease‐free survival (DFS), CIR, or overall survival (OS). However, patients who received blinatumomab within 1‐year pre‐HSCT had improved DFS (HR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.20–0.94; p = 0.034) and CIR (HR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.09–0.75; p = 0.13). In conclusion, our data suggest that Ph‐like is less likely to respond to standard induction therapy and HSCT may result in similar survival outcomes to Ph‐negative ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is highly effective in preventing graft versus host disease (GVHD) in haploidentical transplanted patients but its role in matched donor transplant needs further investigation. • Our single institution study included 74 adults who underwent matched sibling or match unrelated donor stem cell transplant. • Patients treated with PTCy in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus (PTCy/MMF/TAC) had improved GRFS and decreased incidence of chronic severe GVHD, relative to methotrexate and tacrolimus (MTX/TAC). • This confirm the utility of PTCy in the matched SCT setting, offering improved GVHD regimens for patients being transplant for hematologic malignancies. The use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is highly effective in preventing graft versus host disease (GVHD) for haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). There is limited data on the role of PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis in matched-sibling and fully matched-unrelated donor (MSD/MUD) allo-HSCT. Our single-center retrospective study aims to compare outcomes of PTCy alone or in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus (PTCy/MMF/TAC) relative to methotrexate and tacrolimus (MTX/TAC). The primary endpoint of our study was GVHD-free, relapse free survival (GRFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and incidence of severe acute and chronic GVHD. We identified 74 adult patients who underwent MSD/MUD allo-HSCT at our institution from 2015 to 2023. Within our cohort, 33.8% (n = 25) received MTX/TAC, while 54.0% (n = 40) received PTCy/MMF/TAC, and 12.2% (n = 9) received PTCy alone. Patients receiving PTCY had the longest time to neutrophil engraftment relative to MTX/TAC (15 days vs. 12 days, P =.010). PTCy/MMF/TAC was associated with improved GRFS relative to MTX/TAC (hazard ratio [HR] = HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.93, P =.031), which persisted when controlling for age. Incidence of chronic GVHD was lower in the PTCy/MMF/TAC group compared to MTX/TAC (1-year 9.0% vs. 30.1%, HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.59, P =.005). However, OS and DFS were comparable across all groups. Our results demonstrate decreased rates of severe chronic GVHD resulting in improved GRFS when using PTCy/TAC/MTX as GVHD prophylaxis compared to MTX/TAC in MSD/MUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]