248 results on '"Arzi, Boaz"'
Search Results
202. Osteoma of the oral and maxillofacial regions in cats: 7 cases (1999–2009)
- Author
-
Fiani, Nadine, primary, Arzi, Boaz, additional, Johnson, Eric G., additional, Murphy, Brian, additional, and Verstraete, Frank J. M., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice
- Author
-
Arzi, Boaz, primary and Sinclair, Kristin M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. Mandibular Rim Excision in Seven Dogs
- Author
-
ARZI, BOAZ, primary and VERSTRAETE, FRANK J. M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. Presence and quantification of mast cells in the gingiva of cats with tooth resorption, periodontitis and chronic stomatitis
- Author
-
Arzi, Boaz, primary, Murphy, Brian, additional, Cox, Darren P., additional, Vapniarsky, Natalia, additional, Kass, Philip H., additional, and Verstraete, Frank J.M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice
- Author
-
Fiani, Nadine, primary and Arzi, Boaz, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Diagnostic Imaging In Veterinary Dental Practice
- Author
-
Arzi, Boaz, primary and Fiani, Nadine, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice
- Author
-
Fiani, Nadine, primary and Arzi, Boaz, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. Use of lufenuron for treating fungal infections of dogs and cats: 297 cases (1997–1999)
- Author
-
Ben-Ziony, Yair, primary and Arzi, Boaz, additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
210. Knee orthopedics as a template for the temporomandibular joint
- Author
-
Bielajew, Benjamin J., Donahue, Ryan P., Espinosa, M. Gabriela, Arzi, Boaz, Wang, Dean, Hatcher, David C., Paschos, Nikolaos K., Wong, Mark E.K., Hu, Jerry C., and Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.
- Abstract
Although the knee joint and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) experience similar incidence of cartilage ailments, the knee orthopedics field has greater funding and more effective end-stage treatment options. Translational research has resulted in the development of tissue-engineered products for knee cartilage repair, but the same is not true for TMJ cartilages. Here, we examine the anatomy and pathology of the joints, compare current treatments and products for cartilage afflictions, and explore ways to accelerate the TMJ field. We examine disparities, such as a 6-fold higher article count and 2,000-fold higher total joint replacement frequency in the knee compared to the TMJ, despite similarities in osteoarthritis incidence. Using knee orthopedics as a template, basic and translational research will drive the development and implementation of clinical products for the TMJ. With more funding opportunities, training programs, and federal guidance, millions of people afflicted with TMJ disorders could benefit from novel, life-changing therapeutics.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
211. Temporomandibular Joint Bioengineering Conference: Working Together Toward Improving Clinical Outcomes.
- Author
-
Almarza, Alejandro J., Mercuri, Louis G., Arzi, Boaz, Gallo, Luigi M., Granquist, Eric, Kapila, Sunil, and Detamore, Michael S.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
212. Multipotent Stromal Cells and Viral Interaction: Current Implications for Therapy.
- Author
-
Taechangam, Nopmanee, Kol, Amir, Arzi, Boaz, and Borjesson, Dori L.
- Subjects
- *
STROMAL cells , *VIRUS diseases , *MESENCHYMAL stem cells , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *IMMUNE response , *VIRAL replication - Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in therapy for their immunomodulatory properties, but their usage in infectious viral diseases is less explored. This review aimed to collate the current novel use of MSCs in virus-associated conditions, including MSC's susceptibility to virus infection, antiviral properties of MSCs and their effects on cell-based immune response and implementation of MSC therapy in animal models and human clinical trials of viral diseases. Recent discoveries shed lights on MSC's capability in suppressing viral replication and augmenting clearance through enhancement of antiviral immunity. MSC therapy may maintain a crucial balance between aiding pathogen clearance and suppressing hyperactive immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
213. Additional file 1 of A multicenter experience using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cats with chronic, non-responsive gingivostomatitis
- Author
-
Arzi, Boaz, Peralta, Santiago, Fiani, Nadine, Vapniarsky, Natalia, Nopmanee Taechangam, Delatorre, Ubaldo, Clark, Kaitlin C., Walker, Naomi J., Loscar, Megan R., Milinda J. Lommer, Fulton, Amy, Battig, Jean, and Borjesson, Dori L.
- Subjects
3. Good health - Abstract
Additional file 1. Initial evaluation form: Stomatitis Disease Activity Index.
214. Additional file 1 of A multicenter experience using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cats with chronic, non-responsive gingivostomatitis
- Author
-
Arzi, Boaz, Peralta, Santiago, Fiani, Nadine, Vapniarsky, Natalia, Nopmanee Taechangam, Delatorre, Ubaldo, Clark, Kaitlin C., Walker, Naomi J., Loscar, Megan R., Milinda J. Lommer, Fulton, Amy, Battig, Jean, and Borjesson, Dori L.
- Subjects
3. Good health - Abstract
Additional file 1. Initial evaluation form: Stomatitis Disease Activity Index.
215. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice: In collaboration with the American Veterinary Dental College.
- Author
-
Wolfs, Elias, Wolf, Tatiana, and Arzi, Boaz
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSTIC imaging , *DENTAL schools , *PRACTICE of dentistry , *VETERINARY colleges , *AMELOBLASTS , *CUSPIDS - Abstract
The article presents a case study of a 16-month-old castrated male mixed -breed dog was referred for progressive right maxillary swelling. It mentions the findings of the cone-beam computed tomography revealed right maxillary canine and first premolar teeth were associated with a large soft tissue expansion of the right maxilla from the level of the canine tooth to the third premolar tooth.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
216. The diagnostic yield of preoperative screening for oral cancer in dogs over 15 years, part 1: locoregional screening.
- Author
-
Goldschmidt, Stephanie, Soltero-Rivera, Maria, Quiroz, Adrian, Wong, Kristen, Rebhun, Robert, Zwingenberger, Allison, Ren, Yunyi, Taylor, Sandra, and Arzi, Boaz
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determinelocoregionaldiagnosticyield of 4-site screening (head, neck, chest, and abdomen)todiagnosemetastatic disease or clinically significant comorbid diseases in dogs with oral cancer. ANIMALS: 381 dogs with histologically confirmed oral tumors. METHODS: Medical records from 381 dogs with histologically confirmed oral tumors that underwent preoperative screening were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Skull and neck CT scan was performed on 348 patients. Bone lysis was present in 74.4% of tumors. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomas, and TZ-T3 (> 2 cm) tumors had a significantly (P < .05) increased incidence of lysis compared to odontogenic and Tl (< 2 cm) tumors, respectively. Minor incidental findings were present in 60.6% of CT scans. Major incidental findings were found in 4.6% of scans. The risk of diagnosing an incidental finding increased by 10% and 20% per year of age for minor and major findings, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was diagnosed with CT or cytology in 7.5% of cases (10.7% of nonodontogenic tumors, 0% of odontogenic tumors). Oral malignant melanoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and T3 tumors had the highest prevalence of metastatic disease at the time of staging. The presence of bone lysis was not associated with cervical metastasis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Major incidental findings were rare (< 5%) but primarily included secondary extraoral tumors. Lymphatic metastasis was diagnosed in 10.7% of nonodontogenic tumors, but cytology was not performed in the majority of cases and often included only a single mandibular node. Therefore, these results likely underestimate the incidence of Iymphatic metastasis. Guided Iymph node sampling is highly recommended, especially fororal malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and T2-T3 tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
217. The diagnostic yield of preoperative screening for oral cancer in dogs over 15 years, part 2: distant screening.
- Author
-
Goldschmidt, Stephanie, Soltero-Rivera, Maria, Quiroz, Adrian, Wong, Kristen, Rebhun, Robert, Zwingenberger, Allison, Ren, Yunyi, Taylor, Sandra, and Arzi, Boaz
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determine diagnostic yield of chest, abdomen, and 4-site screening to diagnose metastatic disease and secondary diseases of prognostic significance in dogs with oral cancer. SAMPLE: Medical records from 381 dogs with histologically confirmed oral tumors that underwent preoperative screening were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Thoracic metastasis was diagnosed in 4.9% (0.9% odontogenic, 6.5% nonodontogenic) of oral tumors. Oral malignant melanoma and multilobular osteochondrosarcoma were most at risk. Abdominal metastasis was diagnosed in 2% of oral tumors (0% odonlogenic, 3,1% nonodontogenic) and cytologically confirmed in 2 cases (0.6% [2/295)] of all abdominal ultrasounds (AUS) 5.5% [2/36] of all AUS that had cytology). Both cases had oral malignant melanoma. Incidental disease was diagnosed in 53.1%and 81.3%of thoracic and abdominal screenings, respectively. Major findings were more common in AUS (7.8%) compared to thoracic screening (1.9%). The prevalence of incidental findings was similar for odontogenic and nonodontogenic tumors. Both metastasis and major findings were diagnosed more commonly with thoracic CT compared to radiographs. Metastasis or a major finding of prognostic significance was diagnosed in at least 1 test in 27.8% of patients that had head CT, Iymph node cytology, thoracic screening, and AUS (n = 115). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Major incidental findings were more commonly detected with AUS and were diagnosed in 1 in every 12 patients. However, metastatic disease was most commonly detected with thoracic screening. When all 4 screening tests are performed, there is an approximately 1 in 4 chance of diagnosing metastasis or major significant disease regardless of tumor type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. Gingiva-derived Stromal Cells Isolated from Cats Affected with Tooth Resorption Exhibit Increased Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress while Experiencing Deteriorated Expansion and Anti-Oxidative Defense.
- Author
-
Soltero-Rivera, Maria, Groborz, Sylwia, Janeczek, Maciej, Kornicka, Justyna, Wierzgon, Monika, Arzi, Boaz, and Marycz, Krzysztof
- Subjects
- *
STROMAL cells , *OXIDATIVE stress , *CATS , *CELL migration , *APOPTOSIS , *GUIDED tissue regeneration , *CAT diseases - Abstract
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) are multipotent cells characterized by multilineage differentiation potential, proliferative expansion, and unique immunomodulatory ability, making them attractive as a new treatment of periodontal regeneration. In this study, GMSCs obtained from the gingiva of healthy cats (HE) as well as from cats affected by tooth resorption (TR) were isolated and characterized. Feline GMSCs (fGMSCs) from HE patients exhibited fibroblast-like morphology, developed cellular body, specific growth pattern, high expansion, and proliferative potential as well as reduced senescence signature. fGMSCs demonstrated high s-100 and IL-10 positive cells, while simultaneously having low activity of IL-1. Moreover, high activity of ki-67 combined with reduced senescence markers were noted. In comparison, GMSCs from cats with TR exhibited enlarged nuclei and flat, irregular shape along with increased expression of CD44, s-100 and CD45 and downregulation of CD73. GMSCs from TR cats showed lower ability to form colonies, increased incidence of apoptosis, higher number of senescent cells, and reduced cell migration. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also noted in the TR group along with lower expression of mTOR and miR-17 and upregulation of miR-378. Mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and antioxidant properties are also negatively impacted in this group. Collectively, our findings suggest that GMSCs isolated from the gingiva of cats affected with TR have deteriorated functionality caused by impaired proliferation and growth and possibly mediated via mitochondrial dysfunction. fGMSCs or their EV's should be further investigated for their role in the pathophysiology of TR in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Biomechanical evaluation of locking versus nonlocking 2.0-mm malleable L-miniplate fixation of simulated caudal mandibular fractures in cats.
- Author
-
Shirley Kot, Ching Ching, Verstraete, Frank J. M., Garcia, Tanya C., Stover, Susan M., and Arzi, Boaz
- Subjects
- *
SCREWS , *MANDIBULAR fractures , *DENTAL pulp cavities , *TOOTH roots , *MANDIBLE , *CATS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biomechanical properties of the mandibles of cats with experimentally created osteotomies simulating oblique ramus fractures, which were stabilized with malleable L-miniplates with either locking screws [locking construct (LC)] or nonlocking screws [nonlocking construct (NLC)], compared with those for intact mandibles. SAMPLES 20 mandibles from 10 adult cat cadavers. PROCEDURES A block study design was adopted to allocate the mandibles of each cadaver to 2 of the 3 test groups (LC, NLC, or intact mandible). Mandibles within each cadaver were allocated systematically to a test group. For mandibles assigned to an LC and an NLC, a complete oblique osteotomy was performed from the mid rostral aspect of the ramus in a caudoventral direction. All mandibles were loaded in a single-load-to-failure test through cantilever bending. Load and actuator displacement were recorded simultaneously. Mode of failure and radiographic evidence of damage to tooth roots and the mandibular canal were evaluated. Biomechanical properties were compared among the groups. RESULTS No iatrogenic tooth root damage was evident, but all mandibles with an LC and an NLC had evidence of screw invasion into the mandibular canal. Plated mandibles had significantly less stiffness and bending moment than intact mandibles. Stiffness was not significantly different between the LC and the NLC; the NLC had a greater bending moment at failure than the LC. The pre-yield stiffness of plated mandibles decreased when the number of screw holes overlapping the mandibular canal increased. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of a malleable L-miniplate in a caudal mandibular fracture model is feasible. Both the LC and the NLC were inferior mechanically to intact mandibles. Type of construct used did not affect the construct stiffness significantly in tested mandibles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
220. Use of unbiased metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the association between feline calicivirus and feline chronic gingivostomatitis in domestic cats.
- Author
-
Fried, William A., Soltero-Rivera, Maria, Ramesh, Akshaya, Lommer, Milinda J., Arzi, Boaz, DeRisi, Joseph L., and Horst, Jeremy A.
- Subjects
- *
CATS , *FELIDAE , *CALICIVIRUSES , *FOAMY viruses , *MICROBIAL genes , *BASE pairs - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify associations between microbes and host genes in cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a debilitating inflammatory oral mucosal disease with no known cause, compared with healthy cats and cats with periodontitis (control cats). ANIMALS: 19 control cats and 23 cats with FCGS. PROCEDURES: At least I caudal oral mucosal swab specimen was obtained from each cat. Each specimen underwent unbiased metatranscriptomic next-generation RNA sequencing (mi\IGS) Filtered mNGS reads were aligned to all known genetic sequences from all organisms and to the cat transcriptome. The relative abundances of microbial and host gene read alignments were compared between FCGS-affected cats and control cats and between FCGS affected cats that did and did not clinically respond to primary treatment. Assembled feline calicivirus (FCV) genomes were compared with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) primers commonly used to identify FCV. RESULTS: The only microbe strongly associated with FCGS was FCV, which was detected in 21 of 23 FCGS-affected cats but no control cats. Problematic base pair mismatches were identified between the assembled FCV genomes and RT-PCR primers. Puma feline foamy virus was detected in 9 of 13 FCGS affected cats that were refractory to treatment and 5 healthy cats but was not detected in FCGS-affected cats that responded to tooth extractions. The most differentially expressed genes in FCGS-affected cats were those associated with antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that FCGS pathogenesis has a viral component. Many FCV strains may yield false-negative results on RT-PCR-based assays. Coinfection of FCGS-affected cats with FCV and puma feline foamy virus may adversely affect response to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
221. Outcomes of surgically treated sialoceles in 21 cats: A multi-institutional retrospective study (2010-2021).
- Author
-
Marti LG, Brisson BA, Del Carpio LI, Goldschmidt S, Buote N, Gagnon D, Shmon C, Sterman AA, Scharf VF, MacPhail CM, Maki L, and Arzi B
- Abstract
Objective: To report the outcomes of cats that underwent surgical correction for sialoceles., Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study., Animals: Twenty-one client-owned cats., Methods: Medical records were examined of cats diagnosed with sialocele, which underwent surgical intervention over an 11-year period at one of 10 referral hospitals. The data collected included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, histopathology, surgical procedures performed, and postoperative complications., Results: The most common presenting complaints for cats with sialocele included dysphagia and ptyalism. Only two cats had a recent history of trauma, and one was diagnosed with a concurrent sialolith. Most displayed visible tissue swelling, with ranulae being most common. Surgical treatment consisted of sialoadenectomy and/or marsupialization. Intraoperative complications occurred in three cats, and postoperative complications in five cats. No recurrence or development of contralateral sialoceles were reported during the follow-up period (30-968 days)., Conclusion: The majority of cats did not have a clear underlying cause for developing a sialocele. The sublingual and mandibular salivary glands were presumed to be the most commonly affected. Mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy and/or marsupialization provided resolution of clinical signs to the 21 cats that underwent these procedures., Clinical Significance: Sialocele, although rare, should remain a differential diagnosis when managing cats with relevant clinical signs. Surgical intervention appears to offer resolution of signs with apparently low overall risk of complication or short-term recurrence. In cats it is necessary to evaluate whether sialoadenectomy is necessary, or whether marsupialization alone should be attempted as a less invasive first-line surgical intervention., (© 2024 The Author(s). Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. Clinicial-pathologic correlations of non-trauma related Odontodysplasia in 28 dogs: 2013-2023.
- Author
-
Kot CCS, Goldschmidt S, Vapniarsky N, Arzi B, and Soltero-Rivera M
- Abstract
Odontodysplasia is an uncommon dental developmental disorder associated with enamel, dentin, pulp abnormalities, and overall tooth morphology. The affected tooth is grossly abnormal in size and contour and is commonly associated with swelling of the affected area and failure of eruption. Histologically, the enamel and dentin are hypoplastic and hypomineralized. Odontodyplasia occurs most commonly in response to direct trauma to the developing tooth bud (enamel organ and dental follicle). Data on the prevalence and features of non-traumatic odontodysplasia are lacking. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with odontodysplasia were reviewed at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), University of California, Davis, for 10 years (from 2013 to 2023). Dogs with a known history of facial trauma, persistent deciduous tooth or teeth over the region of odontodysplastic tooth or teeth, and endodontic disease of the persistent deciduous tooth or teeth were excluded from the study. Twenty-eight dogs were included in this retrospective study, representing an incidence of 1.4 per 100 dogs presenting over 10 years. Regional odontodysplasia (RO) was identified in twenty-two dogs, and generalized odontodysplasia (GO) was found in six dogs. Both comprehensive oral examination and diagnostic imaging were essential in diagnosing and assessing the presence of odontodysplasia. Awake oral examination failed to identify odontodysplasia in almost 70% of the RO cases. Secondary diseases or lesions in odontodysplastic teeth, such as periodontal disease, endodontal disease, and perio-endo lesions, were commonly seen and were particularly more frequently identified in strategic teeth (canine and carnassial teeth) than non-strategic ones. Similarities, such as female predilection, maxilla more commonly affected, and clinical signs, were observed between RO in dogs and those reported in people. The exact etiology of non-traumatic odontodysplasia remains elusive, and the condition may be of multifactorial causality., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Kot, Goldschmidt, Vapniarsky, Arzi and Soltero-Rivera.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. Kinematic performance of a novel temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis under bite-force conditions in dogs and cats.
- Author
-
Arzi B, Weed M, Garcia TC, Goldschmidt SL, and Marcellin-Little DJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Cats physiology, Biomechanical Phenomena, Arthroplasty, Replacement veterinary, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders veterinary, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders surgery, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders physiopathology, Temporomandibular Joint surgery, Bite Force, Joint Prosthesis veterinary, Cadaver
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the kinematics and stability of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of cats and dogs with and without a TMJ replacement (TMJR) prosthesis under simulated bite forces and mouth opening., Animals: Sixteen cadaver skulls from domestic cats (n = 8) and medium- to large-breed dogs (n = 8)., Methods: Intact TMJs were tested. Following condylectomy and coronoidectomy, the skulls were fitted with a TMJR prosthesis unilaterally and retested. Prosthesis was similarly implanted in the contralateral TMJ in 4 cats and 4 dogs before retesting. Left and right bite motions were evaluated before bite contact to peak bite force (200 N in dogs, 63 N in cats). Mouth opening motion was recorded. Mandibular displacement under load was evaluated in 3 orthogonal planes. Maximal displacement was compared between TMJR groups and native TMJ. Prosthesis-bone motion of the temporal and mandibular components was evaluated during simulated bites and mouth opening., Results: TMJR resulted in joint motion not demonstrably different from the native TMJ, with the ability to fully open and close the mouth and with minimal laterotrusion. The TMJR prosthesis demonstrated similar stability after unilateral and bilateral replacement during bite force and with an open mouth. Mean implant-bone motion during bite simulations for the temporal and mandibular TMJR components was ≤ 60 µm in cats and ≤ 30 µm in dogs., Clinical Relevance: A novel TMJR can be implanted and allows normal jaw motion. Joint stability is maintained after TMJR implantation in the TMJ of dogs and cats TMJ that is devoid of muscular support.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis Diagnosis and Treatment through Transcriptomic Insights.
- Author
-
Soltero-Rivera M, Shaw C, Arzi B, Lommer M, and Weimer BC
- Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating inflammatory oral mucosal disease with a multifactorial etiology. The clinical diagnosis of FCGS is made based on inspection of severe inflammatory lesions and histological confirmation rather than a molecular diagnostic outcome. This gap limits the ability to provide an early diagnosis. In this report, we seek to provide additional diagnostic tools using genomics to aid in providing clinically relevant information. The use of in-depth diagnostic tools, like transcriptomics of diseased tissues, to diagnose FCGS and stratify patients into predictive treatment response groups would dramatically improve both clinical decisions and patient outcomes. In this study, we addressed the gap in diagnostic options using transcriptomic analysis of caudal oral mucosal swab specimens coupled to detailed medical record linkage of FCGS-affected cats undergoing tooth extractions and in some cases administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). To better identify markers of disease and potential response to treatment, the transcriptomes of FCGS-afflicted cats were compared to those of healthy cats and those with chronic periodontitis to clearly establish diagnostic biomarker signal transduction connections. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Ak strain transforming (PI3K/AKT) and stress-activated protein kinases/Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathways were significantly differentially regulated in FCGS-afflicted cats. Activation of these pathways also differed in the treatment response groups. In conjunction, the enzymes Caspase 4 (CASP4), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) were identified as potential biomarkers for the prediction of treatment response outcomes. The observations in the case study support the use of transcriptomics of FCGS patients to contribute to improved molecular diagnostics for the diagnosis and treatment of FCGS.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. Tilapia Fish Skin Treatment of Third-Degree Skin Burns in Murine Model.
- Author
-
Garrity C, Garcia-Rovetta C, Rivas I, Delatorre U, Wong A, Kültz D, Peyton J, Arzi B, and Vapniarsky N
- Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of using fish skin bandages as a therapeutic option for third-degree skin burns. Following the California wildfires, clinical observations of animals with third-degree skin burns demonstrated increased comfort levels and reduced pain when treated with tilapia fish skin. Despite the promises of this therapy, there are few studies explaining the healing mechanisms behind the application of tilapia fish skin. In this study, mice with third-degree burns were treated with either a hydrocolloid adhesive bandage (control) ( n = 16) or fish skin ( n = 16) 7 days post-burn. Mice were subjected to histologic, hematologic, molecular, and gross evaluation at days 7, 16, and 28 post-burn. The fish skin offered no benefit to overall wound closure compared to hydrocolloids. Additionally, we detected no difference between fish skin and control treatments in regard to hypermetabolism or hematologic values. However, the fish skin groups exhibited 2 times more vascularization and 2 times higher expression of antimicrobial defensin peptide in comparison to controls. Proteomic analysis of the fish skin revealed the presence of antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, these data suggest that fish skin can serve as an innovative and cost-effective therapeutic alternative for burn victims to facilitate vascularization and reduce bacterial infection.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis current concepts in clinical management.
- Author
-
Soltero-Rivera M, Goldschmidt S, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Cats, Animals, Pain Management veterinary, Stomatitis therapy, Stomatitis veterinary, Cat Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Practical Relevance: Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating disease for cats and a challenge for veterinarians and cat caregivers alike. Recent literature indicates that the disease is immune-mediated in nature and likely associated with a chronic viral infection in patients with higher alpha diversity of their subgingival microbiome. The immune-mediated nature of FCGS includes both local as well as systemic effects, and the transcriptomic analysis of affected patients supports these findings., Treatment Options: Localized therapy in the form of surgical extraction of all, or nearly all, teeth continues to be the mainstay of treatment. For cats that do not respond to surgical management, medical management, in the form of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy, remains an option. Analgesia is of fundamental importance. Immunomodulation utilizing mesenchymal stromal cell therapy provides an alternative treatment avenue for refractory patients and likely targets the chronic viral infection present in this disease. The potential for treatment stratification and use of novel systemic treatment options may be revealed as the molecular pathways involved in this disease are better described., Aims: This review outlines current and emerging concepts linking available science pertaining to FCGS and clinical management of the disease., Evidence Base: The article draws on the best evidence base at this juncture and is also driven by the authors' collective experience of working on the disease for over a decade.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
227. Stromal cell therapy in cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis: current perspectives and future direction.
- Author
-
Rivas IL, Soltero-Rivera M, Vapniarsky N, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Cats, Animals, Stromal Cells, Stomatitis therapy, Stomatitis veterinary, Cat Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful, immune-mediated, oral mucosal inflammatory disease in cats. The etiology of FCGS remains unclear, with evidence pointing potentially toward a viral cause. Full-mouth tooth extraction is the current standard of care, and cats that are non-responsive to extraction therapy may need lifelong medical management and, in some cases, euthanasia. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs) have been demonstrated to have advantages in the treatment and potentially the cure of non-responsive FCGS in cats. Therefore, adMSCs have attracted a series of ongoing clinical trials in the past decade. AdMSC therapy immediately after full-mouth tooth extraction was not explored, and we postulate that it may benefit the overall success rate of FCGS therapy. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge and impact of adMSCs for the therapeutic management of FCGS and to suggest a novel modified approach to further increase the efficacy of FCGS treatment in cats.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. Intraoral approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs: An anatomical study and three clinical cases.
- Author
-
Viitanen J, de Rooster H, Kitshoff A, Arzi B, and Devriendt N
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Cadaver, Orbit, Postoperative Complications veterinary, Salivary Glands, Craniosynostoses veterinary, Dog Diseases surgery
- Abstract
Objective: To describe an intraoral approach (IOA) for zygomatic sialadenectomy in dogs and to compare this surgical approach to a modified lateral orbitotomy approach (LOA)., Study Design: Cadaveric study and short case series., Sample Population: Ten canine cadavers and three dogs with clinical disease., Methods: Bilateral zygomatic sialoadenectomies were performed in six mesocephalic, two brachycephalic and two dolichocephalic cadavers, randomly assigned to IOA on one side and LOA on the contralateral side. Duration of surgery, ease of surgical stage scores (rated on 5-point Likert scale) and completeness of gland removal were recorded. Additionally, IOA was performed in three dogs with zygomatic salivary gland (ZSG) disease., Results: Removal of the ZSG was complete in 8/10 and 10/10 dogs using the IOA and LOA, respectively. Surgery was faster with IOA (42.0 min; 33.5-49.6 min) than LOA (65.7 min; 54.9-76.4 min, p = .005). Ease of removal did not differ between approaches (p = .091). Diseased ZSGs were successfully removed in three dogs without intra- or short-term postoperative complications., Conclusions: The intraoral approach described here was technically equally challenging but faster than the LOA. Its clinical use led to an uneventful surgery with excellent short-term outcome in three dogs., Clinical Relevance: The IOA provides an alternative approach for zygomatic sialoadenectomy in dogs with ZSG disease., (© 2022 American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the Arctic fox (Vulpeslagopus).
- Author
-
Evenhuis JV, Shirley Kot CC, Arzi B, Kass PH, and Verstraete FJM
- Subjects
- Female, Male, Animals, Foxes, Temporomandibular Joint pathology, Tooth pathology, Periodontitis epidemiology, Periodontitis pathology, Periodontitis veterinary, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders veterinary
- Abstract
Museum skull specimens from 224 Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) were examined macroscopically using an established protocol for examination of mammalian skull specimens. Foxes were collected from coastal and island regions of Alaska, USA, except for two individuals. Collection years ranged from 1931 to 2016 with most specimens collected during the 1950s and 1960s. The study population comprised more females (n = 134, 59.8%) than males (n = 83, 37.0%) and individuals of unknown sex (n = 7, 3.1%). There were 108 (48.2%) young adults, 115 (51.3%) adults, and one (0.4%) individual of unknown age. A total of 8,891 teeth (94.5%) were available for examination. The most common types of pathology observed were periodontitis (n = 222, 99.1%), dental fractures (n = 175, 78.1%) and attrition/abrasion (n = 198, 88.4%). Periapical lesions (n = 12, 5.3%), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (n = 3, 1.3%) and root number variation (n = 5, 2.2%) were less common. Enamel hypoplasia was noted in eight foxes (3.6%), all of which were discovered on St. Matthew Island, Alaska, in 1963. As in other canid species, periodontitis, attrition/abrasion and tooth fractures are common in the Arctic fox, while TMJ pathology is rare. Loss of tooth crown substance probably reflects the influence of diet, interspecific and conspecific aggression and oral trauma due to trapping and hunting methods. The high prevalence of periodontitis is probably also due to the combined effects of diet, genetics and host immune reaction to oral bacteria., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Long-Term Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Nonunion Fractures Treated with Compression-Resistant Matrix and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs.
- Author
-
Castilla A, Filliquist B, Spriet M, Garcia TC, Arzi B, Chou PY, and Kapatkin AS
- Subjects
- Humans, Dogs, Animals, Prospective Studies, Fracture Healing, Transforming Growth Factor beta therapeutic use, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 therapeutic use, Recombinant Proteins therapeutic use, Bone Regeneration, Fractures, Bone diagnostic imaging, Fractures, Bone drug therapy, Fractures, Bone surgery, Fractures, Bone veterinary, Fractures, Ununited diagnostic imaging, Fractures, Ununited drug therapy, Fractures, Ununited surgery, Fractures, Ununited veterinary, Dog Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess bone density, bone architecture and clinical function of canine nonunion distal appendicular long bone fractures with a defect treated with fixation, compression-resistant matrix and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)., Study Design: Prospective cohort study with dogs at least 1-year post treatment. Computed tomography was performed and quantitative measurements from previous fracture sites were compared with measurements from contralateral limbs. Subjective evaluation included gait assessment and palpation., Results: Six patients met the inclusion criteria. The rhBMP-2 treated bone exhibited higher density at the periphery and lower density in the centre, similar to the contralateral limb. All patients were weight bearing on the treated limb and all fractures were healed., Conclusion: The rhBMP-2-treated bone underwent restoration of normal architecture and density. Acceptable limb function was present in all patients. The results of this study can serve as a basis for long-term response in treating nonunion fractures in veterinary patients., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis and periodontitis in cats (1997-2022).
- Author
-
Soltero-Rivera M, Vapniarsky N, Rivas IL, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Cats, Animals, Periodontitis diagnostic imaging, Periodontitis therapy, Periodontitis veterinary, Gingivitis veterinary, Periodontal Diseases veterinary, Stomatitis veterinary, Cat Diseases diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis (EOG) and periodontitis in cats., Methods: The medical records database was searched for cats diagnosed with histologically confirmed EOG or periodontitis from 1997 to 2022. Information such as medical history, lifestyle factors, clinical presentation, radiographic and histopathologic features were included for 27 client-owned cats. Response to treatment and long-term follow-up was also recorded., Results: Moderate-to-severe periodontal disease was radiographically confirmed in 78% (21/27) of cats with moderate-to-severe EOG, compared with the evidence of periodontal disease noted in 30% (8/27) of cases during awake oral examination. Horizontal bone loss, along with missing teeth, were the predominant radiographic features noted in 89% (24/27) of cases. The predominant histopathologic feature was moderate-to-severe, erosive-to-ulcerative, neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with varying degrees of epithelial and stromal hyperplasia. Two cats developed feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS)-like lesions, and seven cats exhibited worsening of aggressive periodontitis (AP). Lack of improvement in the severity of gingivitis or clinical signs evident at the first follow-up appointment was significantly associated with progression of disease ( P = 0.004)., Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this study demonstrate the importance of oral evaluations in cats as early as 6 months of age. For cats exhibiting substantial gingivitis, an anesthetized evaluation, periodontal treatment and long-term monitoring are recommended. Given the high frequency of moderate-to-severe periodontitis encountered in these cats, clients should be informed about the potential need for tooth extractions. EOG may progress to AP. Finally, this study suggests that there could be a link between EOG and FCGS; however, further studies are needed to better characterize this condition and establish any potential link between the two entities.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. A Fresh Glimpse into Cartilage Immune Privilege.
- Author
-
Garrity C, Arzi B, Haus B, Lee CA, and Vapniarsky N
- Subjects
- Male, Animals, Humans, Tissue Engineering, Extracellular Matrix, Immune Privilege, Cartilage
- Abstract
The increasing prevalence of degenerative cartilage disorders in young patients is a growing public concern worldwide. Cartilage's poor innate regenerative capacity has inspired the exploration and development of cartilage replacement treatments such as tissue-engineered cartilages and osteochondral implants as potential solutions to cartilage loss. The clinical application of tissue-engineered implants is hindered by the lack of long-term follow-up demonstrating efficacy, biocompatibility, and bio-integration. The historically reported immunological privilege of cartilage tissue was based on histomorphological observations pointing out the lack of vascularity and the presence of a tight extracellular matrix. However, clinical studies in humans and animals do not unequivocally support the immune-privilege theory. More in-depth studies on cartilage immunology are needed to make clinical advances such as tissue engineering more applicable. This review analyzes the literature that supports and opposes the concept that cartilage is an immune-privileged tissue and provides insight into mechanisms conferring various degrees of immune privilege to other, more in-depth studied tissues such as testis, eyes, brain, and cancer.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology.
- Author
-
Evenhuis J, Arzi B, and Verstraete FJM
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Mammals, Skull, Temporomandibular Joint, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders pathology, Tooth
- Abstract
Museum skull specimens represent a non-invasive, informative, and readily available means to study temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lesions, dental pathology, and anatomic variations in many mammalian species. Studying the teeth and jaws of an array of species can present a challenge requiring attention to detail and understanding of a species' normal anatomy. In the present article, a systematic and precise protocol for examining skull specimens is discussed that has been applied to a variety of mammals to define characteristic diseases in the oromaxillofacial region. The procedure outlined is simultaneously precise, repeatable, and adaptable to the highly differing skull and tooth shapes and anatomy across species. Specifically, specimens are examined for missing teeth, periodontal disease, endodontal disease, TMJ pathology, and anatomical variations. Results gleaned from research on museum specimens may reflect the natural history, health, and disease status of individuals and species. Furthermore, these data can inform ecological and conservation research efforts, as well as the care of captive individuals.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. Biomechanical evaluation of locking versus nonlocking 2.0-mm malleable L-miniplate fixation of simulated caudal mandibular fractures in cats.
- Author
-
Kot CCS, Verstraete FJM, Garcia TC, Stover SM, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Bone Plates classification, Bone Screws veterinary, Cadaver, Cats surgery, Fracture Fixation, Internal methods, Fracture Fixation, Internal veterinary, Mandibular Fractures physiopathology, Mandibular Fractures surgery, Weight-Bearing, Bone Plates veterinary, Cats injuries, Mandibular Fractures veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of the mandibles of cats with experimentally created osteotomies simulating oblique ramus fractures, which were stabilized with malleable L-miniplates with either locking screws [locking construct (LC)] or nonlocking screws [nonlocking construct (NLC)], compared with those for intact mandibles., Samples: 20 mandibles from 10 adult cat cadavers., Procedures: A block study design was adopted to allocate the mandibles of each cadaver to 2 of the 3 test groups (LC, NLC, or intact mandible). Mandibles within each cadaver were allocated systematically to a test group. For mandibles assigned to an LC and an NLC, a complete oblique osteotomy was performed from the mid rostral aspect of the ramus in a caudoventral direction. All mandibles were loaded in a single-load-to-failure test through cantilever bending. Load and actuator displacement were recorded simultaneously. Mode of failure and radiographic evidence of damage to tooth roots and the mandibular canal were evaluated. Biomechanical properties were compared among the groups., Results: No iatrogenic tooth root damage was evident, but all mandibles with an LC and an NLC had evidence of screw invasion into the mandibular canal. Plated mandibles had significantly less stiffness and bending moment than intact mandibles. Stiffness was not significantly different between the LC and the NLC; the NLC had a greater bending moment at failure than the LC. The pre-yield stiffness of plated mandibles decreased when the number of screw holes overlapping the mandibular canal increased., Clinical Relevance: The use of a malleable L-miniplate in a caudal mandibular fracture model is feasible. Both the LC and the NLC were inferior mechanically to intact mandibles. Type of construct used did not affect the construct stiffness significantly in tested mandibles.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
235. The oromaxillofacial region as a model for a one-health approach in regenerative medicine.
- Author
-
Arzi B, Nolta JA, and Vapniarsky N
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Quality of Life, One Health, Regenerative Medicine
- Abstract
The concept of a one-health approach in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum in the scientific and public communities in recent years. Knowledge derived from this approach informs innovative biomedical research, clinical trials, and practice. The ultimate goal is to translate regenerative strategies for curing diseases and improving the quality of life in animals and people. Building and fostering strong and enthusiastic interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration between teams with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds is the cornerstone to the success of the one-health approach and translational sciences. The veterinarian's role in conducting clinical trials in client-owned animals with naturally occurring diseases is critical and unique as it may potentially inform human clinical trials. The veterinary regenerative medicine and surgery field is on a steep trajectory of discoveries and innovations. This manuscript focuses on oromaxillofacial-region regeneration to exemplify how the concept of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration and the one-health approach influenced the authors' work experience at the University of California-Davis.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment in dogs: 281 teeth in 204 dogs (2001-2018).
- Author
-
Lee DB, Arzi B, Kass PH, and Verstraete FJM
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Treatment Outcome, Dental Pulp Cavity, Root Canal Therapy veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the radiographic outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) in dogs and compare outcomes with those reported for a previous study performed at the same institution in 2002., Animals: 204 dogs representing 281 teeth that underwent RCT., Procedures: The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched to identify dogs that underwent RCT between 2001 and 2018. Only dogs that had undergone at least 1 radiographic recheck appointment a minimum of 50 days after RCT were included in the study. Dental radiographs were reviewed. Treatment was considered successful if the periapical periodontal ligament space was within reference limits and preexisting external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR), if present, had stabilized. Treatment was considered to show no evidence of failure (NEF) if preoperative EIRR had stabilized and any preoperative periapical lucency (PAL) remained the same or had decreased in size but had not completely resolved. Treatment was considered to have failed if EIRR or a PAL developed after RCT, if a preoperative PAL increased in size, or if preexisting EIRR progressed., Results: Follow-up time ranged from 52 to 3,245 days (mean, 437 days). RCT was classified as successful for 199 (71%) teeth, NEF for 71 (25%) teeth, and failed for 11 (4%) teeth., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results showed that almost 2 decades after RCT outcome in dogs was first evaluated, during which time numerous advances in dental materials and techniques had been made, the success rate of RCT was virtually unchanged.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. Stem cell therapy prior to full-mouth tooth extraction lacks substantial clinical efficacy in cats affected by chronic gingivostomatitis.
- Author
-
Arzi B, Taechangam N, Lommer MJ, Walker NJ, Loscar MR, and Borjesson DL
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy veterinary, Mouth, Pilot Projects, Tooth Extraction veterinary, Treatment Outcome, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cat Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the safety, efficacy and immunomodulatory function of systemically administered adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in cats affected by feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) prior to full-mouth tooth extractions., Methods: Five client-owned cats affected with FCGS that did not undergo full-mouth tooth extractions for FCGS treatment received two intravenous injections of 20 million fresh, allogeneic or autologous ASCs. An oral examination with photographs, a complete blood count, blood immune cell phenotyping and a biochemical profile were completed at 0 and 6 months after treatment., Results: Four cats completed the study and one cat exited the study 3 months after treatment. While the treatment was determined to be clinically safe, no positive clinical response was observed in three cats and a mild response was noted in two cats. Furthermore, none of the cats exhibited immune modulation, as evidenced by no alteration in circulating CD8
+ T cells, normalization of the CD4:CD8 ratio or neutrophil counts., Conclusions and Relevance: Unlike the reported efficacy of ASCs in treating cats with non-responsive FCGS after full-mouth tooth extraction, the systemic administration of ASCs prior to full-mouth tooth extraction lacks substantial clinical efficacy and is not recommended at this time.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
238. An Update on Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis.
- Author
-
Lee DB, Verstraete FJM, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Chronic Disease, Gingivitis therapy, Cat Diseases therapy, Gingivitis veterinary
- Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis is a frustrating disease to manage owing to its elusive etiopathogenesis and its subsequently suboptimal treatment options. Nevertheless, efforts to shed light on the disease over the past few decades have advanced the knowledge on its potential etiopathogenesis and the success rates of available treatment options. Further research is ongoing, with promising attempts to better understand and treat this, likely, multifactorial disease., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have no financial disclosures to acknowledge., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
239. A multicenter experience using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cats with chronic, non-responsive gingivostomatitis.
- Author
-
Arzi B, Peralta S, Fiani N, Vapniarsky N, Taechangam N, Delatorre U, Clark KC, Walker NJ, Loscar MR, Lommer MJ, Fulton A, Battig J, and Borjesson DL
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cats, Inflammation, Lymphocyte Activation, Mouth Mucosa, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Abstract
Background: The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to modulate immune responses inspired a series of clinical trials addressing oral mucosal inflammation. We previously reported on the safety and efficacy of fresh, allogeneic and autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to treat feline gingivostomatitis (FCGS), an oral mucosal inflammatory disease that shares similarities with human oral lichen planus., Methods: To meet clinical demand and goals for future commercialization, we determined the feasibility of shipping fresh ASCs to distant clinics and extended our pilot studies to expand safety and efficacy data for shipped and non-shipped ASCs in a cohort of 18 FCGS cats enrolled locally and at a few different locations within the USA., Results: We found that ASCs retained their viability, phenotype, and function after shipment. ASCs administered systemically resulted in a 72% positive response rate, identical to that noted in our previous studies. Cats that responded to ASC therapy had a significant decrease in circulating globulin concentration and histological evidence of decreased CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in the oral mucosa. Responder cats also had significantly decreased percentages of CD8
lo cells in blood prior to and at 3 months post-ASC therapy. CD8lo cells may serve as a potential "predictor" for response to systemic ASC therapy., Conclusion: Fresh feline ASCs can be successfully shipped and administered to cats with FCGS. ASCs modulate the immune response and demonstrate efficacy for chronic oral mucosal inflammatory lesions that are characterized by CD8+ T cell inflammation and T cell activation. FCGS is a potentially useful naturally occurring large animal model of human oral inflammatory diseases.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice.
- Author
-
Lee DB, Watson KD, Wilson S, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Diagnostic Imaging veterinary, Dogs, Female, Mandibular Fractures diagnostic imaging, Mandibular Fractures surgery, Temporomandibular Joint surgery, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Dog Diseases surgery, Mandibular Fractures veterinary, Temporomandibular Joint injuries
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
241. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice.
- Author
-
Lee DB, Watson KD, Wanamaker MW, and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Diagnostic Imaging veterinary, Dogs, Female, Osteomyelitis diagnostic imaging, Stomatitis diagnostic imaging, Tooth Extraction veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Osteomyelitis veterinary, Stomatitis veterinary
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
242. Improvement of Spatial and Non-verbal General Reasoning Abilities in Female Veterinary Medical Students Over the First 64 Weeks of an Integrated Curriculum.
- Author
-
Gutierrez JC, Holladay SD, Arzi B, Clarkson C, Larsen R, and Srivastava S
- Abstract
Spatial visualization ability is defined as the ability to mentally rotate two- and three-dimensional figures. Visual reasoning is the ability to manipulate mental images of an object to reach a certain conclusion and has been linked to spatial ability. There is currently limited information about how entry-level spatial and visual reasoning abilities may be enhanced with progression through the rigorous veterinary medical curriculum. The present study made use of two tests that measure spatial ability and one test that measures non-verbal general reasoning ability in female veterinary students: Guay's Visualization of Views Test, Adapted Version (VVT), Mental Rotations Test (MRT), and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test, short form (APMT). Tests were given immediately before commencing the integrated veterinary medical curriculum (T0), at week 32 (T1), and at week 64 (T2) into the program. Results showed improved spatial visualization ability as measured by VVT and MRT and improved non-verbal general reasoning ability as measured by APMT at both 32 and 64 weeks. The spatial ability scores measured by VVT and MRT showed a positive correlation with non-verbal general reasoning ability scores (APMT), supporting the idea that these abilities are linked.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
243. Diagnostic Yield of Dental Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Identification of Anatomic Structures in Cats.
- Author
-
Heney CM, Arzi B, Kass PH, Hatcher DC, and Verstraete FJM
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of dental radiography (DR) and 3 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods for the identification of predefined anatomic structures in cats. For 5 feline cadaver heads and 22 client-owned cats admitted for evaluation and treatment of dental disease, a total of 22 predefined anatomic structures were evaluated separately by use of the DR method and 3 CBCT software modules [multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), tridimensional (3-D) rendering, and reconstructed panoramic views (Pano)]. A semi quantitative scoring system was used, and mean scores were calculated for each anatomic structure and imaging method. The Friedman test was used to evaluate values for significant differences in diagnostic yield. For values that were significant the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used with the Bonferroni-Holm multiple comparison adjustment to determine significant differences among each of the possible pairs of diagnostic methods. Differences of diagnostic yield among the DR and 3 CBCT methods were significant for 17 of 22 anatomic structures. For these structures, DR scores were significantly higher than scores for Pano views for 2 of 17 structures, but DR scores were significantly lower than scores for Pano views for 6 anatomic structures, tridimensional rendering for 10 anatomic structures, and MPR for 17 anatomic structures. In conclusion, it was found that CBCT methods were better suited than DR for the identification of anatomic structures in cats. Results of this study can serve as a basis for CBCT evaluation of dentoalveolar and other maxillofacial bony lesions in cats.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. The Diagnostic Yield of Dental Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Identification of Dentoalveolar Lesions in Cats.
- Author
-
Heney CM, Arzi B, Kass PH, Hatcher DC, and Verstraete FJM
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of dental radiography (DR) and 3 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) software modules for the identification of 32 pre-defined dentoalveolar lesions in cats. For 5 feline cadaver heads and 22 client-owned cats admitted for evaluation and treatment of dental disease, 32 predefined dentoalveolar lesions were evaluated separately and scored by use of dental radiography and 3 CBCT software modules [multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), tridimensional (3-D) rendering, and reconstructed panoramic views]. A qualitative scoring system was used. Dentoalveolar lesions were grouped into 14 categories for statistical analysis. Point of reference for presence or absence of a dentoalveolar lesion was determined as the method that could be used to clearly identify the disorder as being present. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated with the McNemar χ
2 test of marginal homogeneity of paired data. When all 3 CBCT software modules were used in combination, the diagnostic yield of CBCT was significantly higher than that of dental radiography for 4 of 14 categories (missing teeth, horizontal bone loss, loss of tooth integrity, feline resorptive lesions), and higher, although not significantly so, for 9 categories (supernumerary teeth, supernumerary roots, abnormally shaped roots, vertical bone loss, buccal bone expansion, periapical disease, inflammatory root resorption, and external replacement root resorption). In conclusion, we found that CBCT provided more clinically relevant detailed information as compared to dental radiography. Therefore, CBCT should be considered better suited for use in diagnosing dentoalveolar lesions in cats.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. Clinical Features and Computed Tomography Findings Are Utilized to Characterize Retrobulbar Disease in Dogs.
- Author
-
Winer JN, Verstraete FJM, Cissell DD, Le C, Vapniarsky N, Good KL, Gutierrez CJ, and Arzi B
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the clinical features and computed tomography (CT) findings of dogs with retrobulbar disease. There are two facets to this study: a retrospective case series in which findings of dogs with primary vs. secondary retrobulbar disease are described, and a retrospective cross-sectional study in which computed tomography findings of dogs with retrobulbar neoplasia vs. infection/inflammation are described and compared. The medical records of 66 client-owned dogs diagnosed with retrobulbar disease between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Clinical information including signalment, the specialty service to which the dog was presented, clinical signs, physical examination findings, diagnostic results, treatment, and outcome were documented. Diagnostic imaging and histopathology were reviewed. Forty-one dogs (62.1%) were diagnosed with primary disease of the retrobulbar space; 25 dogs (37.9%) were considered to have secondary retrobulbar disease. Of the 41 dogs with primary retrobulbar disease, 19 were diagnosed with neoplasia, 19 with infectious/inflammatory disease, and 3 suffered traumatic insult to the retrobulbar space. Of the 25 dogs with secondary retrobulbar disease, 21 were diagnosed with neoplasia, 3 with infectious/inflammatory disease, and 1 with a cyst. Dogs had a combination of ocular, oral, and/or nasal clinical signs. CT findings of orbital osteolysis, orbital periosteal reaction, and presence of a retrobulbar mass were significantly associated with neoplasia, while zygomatic salivary gland enlargement, retrobulbar mass effect, and mandibular lymphadenopathy were more often associated with infectious/inflammatory disease. CT findings overlap among different retrobulbar diseases, but new bone formation and lysis are more often associated with neoplasia. Disease originating from the retrobulbar space was equally likely to be infectious/inflammatory ( n = 19) or neoplastic ( n = 19), based on definitive diagnostic results of dogs with primary retrobulbar disease. Due to the clinical ramifications of these disorders, the diagnosis and treatment of these cases should be managed with a multi-specialty approach.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. Bite Forces and Their Measurement in Dogs and Cats.
- Author
-
Kim SE, Arzi B, Garcia TC, and Verstraete FJM
- Abstract
Bite force is generated by the interaction of the masticatory muscles, the mandibles and maxillae, the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and the teeth. Several methods to measure bite forces in dogs and cats have been described. Direct in vivo measurement of a bite in dogs has been done; however, bite forces were highly variable due to animal volition, situation, or specific measurement technique. Bite force has been measured in vivo from anesthetized dogs by electrical stimulation of jaw adductor muscles, but this may not be reflective of volitional bite force during natural activity. In vitro bite forces have been estimated by calculation of the force produced using mechanical equations representing the jaw adductor muscles and of the mandible and skull structure Bite force can be estimated in silico using finite element analysis (FEA) of the computed model of the anatomical structures. FEA can estimate bite force in extinct species; however, estimates may be lower than the measurements in live animals and would have to be validated specifically in domestic dogs and cats to be reliable. The main factors affecting the bite forces in dogs and cats are body weight and the skull's morphology and size. Other factors such as oral pain, TMJ disorders, masticatory muscle atrophy, and malocclusion may also affect bite force. Knowledge of bite forces in dogs and cats is essential for various clinical and research fields such as the development of implants, materials, and surgical techniques as well as for forensic medicine. This paper is a summary of current knowledge of bite forces in dogs and cats, including the effect of measurement methods and of other factors.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Diagnostic imaging in veterinary dental practice. Oral carcinoma.
- Author
-
Nemec A and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Carcinoma diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma pathology, Carcinoma surgery, Dog Diseases pathology, Dog Diseases surgery, Dogs, Female, Mouth Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Mouth Neoplasms pathology, Mouth Neoplasms surgery, Radiography, Carcinoma veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Mouth Neoplasms veterinary
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Comments on dosing lufenuron.
- Author
-
Ben Ziony Y and Arzi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Cat Diseases microbiology, Cats, Dog Diseases microbiology, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Therapy, Combination, Mycoses drug therapy, Benzamides therapeutic use, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Mycoses veterinary
- Published
- 2002
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.