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Background: Erlotinib is typically used to treat lung adenocarcinoma and Imperata cylindrica extract has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects in various human cancer cell lines. Therefore, this study evaluated the combined anticancer effects of Imperata cylindrica ethanol root extract and erlotinib on the A549 lung cancer cell line. Method: The A-549 lung cancer cell line was treated with various combinations of 1/2 IC50, 3/8 IC50, 1/4 IC50, and 1/8 IC50 of I.cylindrica root ethanol extract and erlotinib for 48 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, analyzed and interpreted using CompuSyn software and a normalized isobologram curve. Result: Of the sixteen combinations, eleven combinations acted synergistically, four were additive, and one was in the antagonist zone. Conclusion: The combination of I. cylindrica root ethanol extract and erlotinib act synergistically to decrease A549 lung cancer cell viability, therefore they are potential lung cancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green macroalgae, known locally as Latoh, is one of the green seaweeds consumed by the local community in Jepara and is beneficial for health. This study explores the potential of secondary metabolites from seaweed and its symbiotic bacteria as natural food preservatives and antibacterials. Seaweed samples were collected from the seagrass ecosystem of Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy analysis, proximate analysis, phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography for amino acid analysis. A sample was subjected to a multistage extraction process using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol (1:5 w/v), each for 24 h. Symbiotic bacteria from seaweed were isolated, and enzymatic (proteolytic, amylolytic, and cellulolytic) and antibacterial testing against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The selected bacteria were subjected to molecular identification. The research showed that Caulerpa lentillifera had an ash content of 3.24 %, protein content of 0.57 %, and fat content of 0.337 %. Phytochemical analysis shows that the sample contains flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. HPLC analysis reveals that Caulerpa lentillifera has the highest content of aspartic acid (relative area: 11.90 %), glutamic acid (relative area: 13.43 %), and alanine (relative area: 9.03 %). Caulerpa racemosa sample shows the highest detector response for glutamic acid (relative area: 12.19%), aspartic acid (relative area: 11.10 %), and alanine (relative area: 9.63 %). The results indicate that 14 bacterial isolates were successfully isolated, with 6 isolates from Caulerpa lentillifera and 8 isolates from Caulerpa racemosa, all exhibiting enzymatic and antibacterial abilities. The research results concluded that the Latoh seaweed species Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa and their symbiotic bacteria have the potential to be used as food preservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose-based coatings have good coating-forming properties, and their applications have attracted much attention for tropical fruits. However, reviews of coating mechanical properties effects on the tropical fruit are limited. This article reviews cellulose-based coating materials, synthesis and functional properties of cellulose-based coatings, incorporation of active agents into coating material, and the effects of coatings on tropical fruit quality. The greater hydrophilicity of carboxymethyl cellulose is suitable for the coatings of tropical fruits. To properly preserve the quality of tropical fruits, it is crucial to choose coating materials according to their physical qualities. Coating characteristics and usefulness can be enhanced by minimizing the adverse effects of physical, chemical, and microbial factors when bioactive substances are included or encapsulated into the coating material. This review gives more understanding in selecting an appropriate coating for tropical fruits to retain their quality and prolong their shelf life without deep concern for food loss during distribution, storage, and at retailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the potential of botanical drugs in treating metabolic disorders through epigenetic modifications. It highlights the role of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation in the development of metabolic diseases. Botanical drugs derived from plants have shown promise in improving metabolic conditions by modulating these epigenetic pathways. However, further research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and ensure their safety. The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensive toxicity studies and evaluating potential drug interactions. Overall, botanical drugs have potential in treating metabolic diseases, but more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms and ensure their safe use. Additionally, the document provides a list of references for scientific studies exploring the effects of natural compounds on epigenetic modifications in various health conditions. These studies focus on compounds like esculetin, curcumin, anacardic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, and their potential therapeutic applications in managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiomyopathy, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. [Extracted from the article]

The welding process plays a central role in the welding industry, where the joint zone undergoing the welding process experiences structural and mechanical property changes. This research evaluates the comparison of current strength and parameters in the directional welding joint model, a critical aspect of addressing common weaknesses in welded joints. The research objects include four current levels (100, 120, 140, 160 A) and three types of welding directions (longitudinal, transversal, and combination). The aim of this study is to detect the optimal combination in welded joints that can produce a maximum tensile strength ratio. The research method involves tensile testing on various specimen models of joint types at specific current strength levels. The research results indicate that at the current strength level of 120 A, the combined directional welding joint model (longitudinal+transverse) provides a maximum tensile strength reaching 335.370 MPa. This finding stands out significantly, surpassing the tensile strength values at other current levels and welding model types, such as at 100 A (331.574 MPa), 140 A (332.315 MPa), and 160 A (332.685 MPa). This discovery highlights that the combined joint model yields a substantial improvement in joint strength, making it an optimal solution for various current strength levels and joint models. The key feature of this research involves specific recommendations for the welding industry, including guidelines on selecting optimal parameters to enhance the tensile strength of joints. The directional welding joint models can be a reference in designing welding procedure specifications to incorporate construction elements using ST 42 material. This research contributes both theoretically and practically, offering opportunities for improving efficiency and structural safety in the welding process, thus positively impacting the quality of joints in construction and manufacturing applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research places emphasis on strategies for enhancing traffic safety among adolescent and adult motorcycle riders. 87.36% of accidents in Indonesia involved motorcycle riders and approximately 25% of these accidents involve underage riders. Therefore, a reasonable solution is needed to reduce the number of accidents in Indonesia. The criteria for respondents in this study were adolescent and adult motorcycle riders. The respondents were interviewed for approximately 10 minutes. The total sample amounted to 530 respondents. The research was conducted in Riau province, Indonesia. The research results indicate that adolescent riders are about 4 times more likely to experience accidents compared to adult riders. Model validation demonstrates an accuracy level of up to 89% for the obtained model. The findings of this research suggest strategies for enhancing the safety of both adolescent and adult motorcycle riders, including advising riders to drive their motorcycles in good stamina and performance, advising riders to rest when fatigued, advising riders not to ride between 12:00 AM and 06:00 AM, enforcing strict measures by law enforcement to apprehend riders without a valid driving license, exercising caution when crossing straight roads and roads with non-variable roadside variability. Another finding from this research is that the model in this research took 3 factor types into consideration that cause accidents including human factors, road and environmental factors and vehicle factor. Then, these factors are modeled simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mangroves are unique plants distributed in tropical regions, such as Indonesia. Mangrove areas and various mangrove ecosystems have been lost in the past decades. The purpose of this study is to investigate community participation using structural equations modeling to enhance involvement in mangrove forest rehabilitation. The study was conducted in two sub-districts in East Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. METHODS: The study employed a survey method with quantitative descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Models analysis. The sampling method used was simple random sampling. The community under investigation is a part of the mangrove forest management group in Labuhan Maringgai and Pasir districts, Lampung, Indonesia. The total number of individuals who are members of the mangrove forest management group is 292, distributed with 140 in Margasari and 152 in Pasir Sakti District. The sample size in Margasari District was 81 respondents, and in Pasir Sakti, it was 87 respondents, totaling 168 respondents. The sample size determination was based on the Slovin formula, considering a precision of 5 percent when estimating the proportion of the population. FINDINGS: This study's results show that the level of community participation in mangrove forest rehabilitation still falls within the low category, particularly in planning and evaluation, while implementation is categorized as medium. Community leaders often possess influence and authority that is recognized by community members. When these leaders actively support mangrove conservation, they can influence the opinions and actions of the entire community. In this capacity, they serve as role models, inspiring others to participate in mangrove conservation activities. Community participation includes planning, implementation, evaluation, and utilization of results. Participation influences welfare: the more active the community, the more space there will be to utilize mangrove products and interact with other community members, so that income, needs for food, and adequate housing can be met. Local working groups or initiatives that focus on mangrove conservation coordinate field activities and organize necessary resources and manpower. CONCLUSION: The role of community leaders, farmer groups, government support, and nongovernment organizations plays a key role in increasing community participation in mangrove forest rehabilitation. Additionally, the increase in non-formal education (training and mentoring), type of work, number of family dependents, length of residence, and distance to the mangrove location are crucial factors in enhancing community involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how a particular cultural product (cuisine) from a demographically minority ethnic group is transformed within a multicultural social setting. The expanding process of commodification and the development of the urban culinary industry, supported by innovations in digital technology and media, provide opportunities for ethnic cuisines to compete with other culinary traditions in the market. This research aims to determine how the cultural identity embedded in specific cuisines (seruit) is established in the market, and how the intrinsic value of its culinary traditions is transformed in multiethnic societies. The theory used is food culture and food habits (Foster and Anderson 1978; Jerome, Kandel, and Pelto 1980). This study used qualitative research methods with ethnographic approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and the author's participant observation as a citizen of the city under study. The study found that togetherness is an instrinsic value of Lampung's seruit commensality that is adaptive amidst socio-cultural transformation into a multicultural society. Sharing meals (seruit commensality) can promote harmony among in Lampung multiethnic urban society. The representation of seruit in digital media becomes an arena for constructing Lampungnese within multiethnic urban society and growing commercial economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is often an intersection between general confiscation and criminal confiscation, one of which is caused by disharmony in confiscation arrangements between general confiscation and criminal confiscation. This study examines the comparison of the application of general and criminal confiscation law in bankruptcy cases in Indonesia and Australia and finds out whether the method of resolving general and criminal confiscation disputes according to Australian bankruptcy law can be applied in Indonesian bankruptcy law. Applying normative legal research, this study revealed that the resolution of disputes between vesting of property in bankruptcy law and confiscation orders in the law of proceeds of crime prioritizes legal certainty. This is evidenced by the provisions of Articles 6C, 58, 58A of the Bankruptcy Act 1966, which provide a detailed explanation of when and at what times there are exceptions to the application of vesting of property to the property of bankrupt debtors. The practice of applying dispute resolution between the institution of confiscation in bankruptcy law and confiscation for proceeds of crime according to bankruptcy law in Australia has been practiced several times by the Commercial Court in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to design and analyse IoT board education for elementary school students as a supporting tool for learning Programming Logic. The Programming Logic Learning curriculum was implemented in elementary schools to develop students' critical thinking. The study used the waterfall method through the following phases: system analysis and requirements, design, development, testing, and implementation. In the performance system test, a trial was done for elementary school students, and a User Acceptance Test (UAT) was done for the Programming Logic subjects. The results of the Black Box Testing showed that all features could run well. Trials of several elementary school students showed that 80% of students were able to use it well and were interested in the IoT board education and UAT testing of The Guardian Teacher, which showed 100% suitability to the needs. In conclusion, the IoT Board Education System can be implemented in Elementary Schools to achieve Programming Logic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to develop a spatial geometry instrument based on minimum competency assessment. Spatial geometry is a field of mathematics that is important in developing an understanding of shape, size, and spatial relationships between objects in 3-dimensional space. Minimum competency assessment is an approach to measuring the basic understanding that individuals must have in a field of science. The research method used in this research involves the instrument development stage which consists of identifying minimum competencies in spatial geometry, designing the assessment instrument, validation by experts, and testing the instrument on a group of participants. The results of this research are a minimum competency assessment instrument in spatial geometry that can be used to measure basic understanding in this field. It is hoped that this instrument can be a useful tool in curriculum development and assessment in the field of spatial geometry, as well as assist educators in identifying students’ level of understanding of basic concepts in spatial geometry. Apart from that this research also contributes to the development of a minimum competency assessment methodology in the context of mathematics and other fields of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]