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La toxicidad pulmonar por antineoplásicos es muy variable dependiente del grupo farmacológico; la bleomicina es uno de los medicamentos en los que se ha reportado este evento. Este citostático puede lesionar el endotelio pulmonar y el epitelio alveolar para llevar a un proceso inflamatorio y fibrótico del intersticio con repercusiones potencialmente fatales. A continuación, se presenta un caso de enfermedad intersticial tipo neumonía organizada asociada a bleomicina en un paciente de 68 años con diagnóstico linfoma Hodgkin clásico de tipo esclerosis nodular, con estudio imagenológico normal previo al tratamiento.

Introduction: The non-neoplastic kidney parenchyma from nephrectomies is often overlooked in routine examinations. We aimed to evaluate the associations between global glomerulosclerosis (GS), interstitial fibrosis (IF), or arteriosclerosis (AS) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dipstick proteinuria, and other clinical factors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 781 patients with nephrectomy. We used regression models with and without interaction factors. The tested exposures were GS, IF, or AS, and the outcome measures were GFR and dipstick proteinuria. Results: In multivariable analyses, increasing degrees of GS, IF, or AS were significantly associated with lower eGFR and proteinuria (p < 0.05 for each). Obesity and hypertension (HTN) modified the association between eGFR and degrees of GS, whereas proteinuria and cardiovascular disease (CVD) modified the association between eGFR and degrees of AS (p for interaction 50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−45 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−19 mL/min/1.73 m2) obesity, and GS >50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−31 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−16 mL/min/1.73 m2) HTN. Compared with AS 50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−11 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−6 mL/min/1.73 m2) proteinuria, and AS >50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−23 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−7 mL/min/1.73 m2) CVD. Conclusion: Greater degrees of each GS, IF, and AS are independently associated with proteinuria and lower eGFR. Obesity, HTN, proteinuria, and CVD modify the relationship between eGFR and specific histopathological features of nephrosclerosis.

Abstract Samples from the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu provide information on the chemical evolution of organic molecules in the early solar system. Here we show the element partitioning of the major component ions by sequential extractions of salts, carbonates, and phyllosilicate-bearing fractions to reveal primordial brine composition of the primitive asteroid. Sodium is the dominant electrolyte of the salt fraction extract. Anions and NH4 + are more abundant in the salt fraction than in the carbonate and phyllosilicate fractions, with molar concentrations in the order SO4 2− > Cl− > S2O3 2− > NO3 − > NH4 +. The salt fraction extracts contain anionic soluble sulfur-bearing species such as S n -polythionic acids (n

Gender studies have become relevant for English language teaching and initial teacher education. This study uses a narrative inquiry approach to inspect two language teachers’ life stories in an initial teacher education program. We document how their femininities and identities are embodied through their language pedagogy since it is a praxis that allows resistance and resurgence against paradigms that limit their identities. Findings reveal that femininities provide a broader spectrum of individual gender realities and constructions. Teachers’ femininities are embodied in teachers’ practices. This is why some traits of these embodiments can be related to hegemonic aspects of gender, without this necessarily meaning that there is no resistance in the pedagogical field. On the contrary, it shows the capacity to redefine these attitudes that, from the pedagogical perspective, resist the hegemony of teacher gender identity.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el de aplicar una metodología innovadora que permita la consolidación de los procesos investigativos en la Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca-UCEVA, Colombia, integrando criterios de acreditación en alta calidad educativa y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación. La investigación ha sido llevada a cabo entre los docentes investigadores de la institución que se encuentran vinculados a los grupos de investigación, siendo la muestra de la población objeto de estudio de 115 docentes investigadores. Se parte de un diagnostico riguroso en términos de caracterización e identificación de necesidades, para posteriormente, configurar un diseño formativo que propende por la consolidación del entramado consecuente con la formulación de programas, soportados en Moodle. El tipo de investigación llevada a cabo fue descriptiva, aplicando un método analítico-propositivo, logrando la implementación y el desarrollo de avances significativos en prospectiva para la categorización tanto de los grupos de investigación como de los docentes investigadores de la Institución, quienes duplicaron en el mejor de los casos, su categorización de acuerdo al Ministerio de Ciencias; significando la incidencia e importancia del desarrollo de este tipo de escenarios y la relevancia de las tecnologías en procesos de alta acreditación en calidad educativa.

Abstract This article presents an optimization methodology to schedule the replacement of power transformers (PT) into a fleet. The objective is the minimization of the summation of the risk indices of the PT. Each PT risk index is calculated from the estimation of the life used and the strategic importance of the unit. The PT life used is estimated as a relationship of the solid insulation polymerization degree, where aging processes due to oxidation, hydrolysis, and pyrolysis are considered from the calendar date when the unit starts its operation until different future scenarios. For the calculation of the PT strategic importance, financial, security, environmental, and network performance aspects are considered. Then, using the optimization model, together with the CAPEX and the available budget over a planning time, a strategy for optimally replacing the critical units is determined. The model was applied for a group of 102 units, demonstrating its applicability and effectiveness. The developed methodology serves to support the manager of these assets in making decisions in the long term.

La falta de especialización y el empirismo frecuente de algunos profesores de arte llevan a que los estudiantes logren resultados de interpretación musical a corto plazo. Estos resultados, aunque positivos a primera vista, a menudo no reflejan una comprensión profunda, lo que puede afectar la práctica instrumental y, en consecuencia, deteriorar el proceso cognitivo musical. El objetivo de esta investigación fue implementar un programa de ejercicios rítmicos para estudiantes de teoría y análisis I, con el propósito de desarrollar el lenguaje musical. El diseño de la investigación fue pre-experimental y se centró en una muestra de 15 estudiantes del primer ciclo de la Escuela Superior de Formación Artística Pública de Bagua. Para la evaluación se utilizó una escala tipo Likert basada en dos variables cuantitativas. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con el programa SPSS v.25. En el pre-test, los estudiantes obtuvieron una media aritmética de 3,73, utilizando KR20, lo que indica que el 100% se encontraba en un nivel bajo. Sin embargo, tras el post-test, la misma cohorte de estudiantes alcanzó una media de 17,33 puntos, con un 93,3% situándose entre los niveles alto y muy alto en relación a la variable dependiente. En resumen, esta investigación demuestra que el programa de ejercicios rítmicos fue efectivo en el desarrollo significativo del lenguaje musical. Palabras clave: Música; interpretación musical; lenguaje musical; instrumento musical.

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment can effectively cure HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID). Perspectives of PWID treated in innovative models can reveal program features that address barriers to treatment, and guide implementation of similar models. Methods We interviewed 29 participants in the intervention arm of a randomized trial. The trial enrolled PWID with HCV in New York City from 2017 to 2020 and tested the effectiveness of a low-threshold HCV treatment model at a syringe services program. Participants were purposively sampled and interviewed in English or Spanish. The interview guide focused on prior experiences with HCV testing and treatment, and experiences during the trial. Interviews were inductively coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Before enrollment, participants reported being tested for HCV in settings such as prison, drug treatment, and emergency rooms. Treatment was delayed because of not being seen as urgent by providers. Participants reported low self-efficacy, competing priorities, and systemic barriers to treatment such as insurance, waiting lists, and criminal-legal interactions. Stigma was a major factor. Treatment during the trial was facilitated through respect from staff, which overcame stigma. The flexible care model (allowing walk-ins and missed appointments) helped mitigate logistical barriers. The willingness of the staff to address social determinants of health was highly valued. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for low-threshold programs with nonjudgmental behavior from program staff, and flexibility to adapt to participants’ needs. Social determinants of health remain a significant barrier, but programs’ efforts to address these factors can engender trust and facilitate treatment. Trial registration NCT03214679.

Abstract The talin-vinculin axis is a key mechanosensing component of cellular focal adhesions. How talin and vinculin respond to forces and regulate one another remains unclear. By combining single-molecule magnetic tweezers experiments, Molecular Dynamics simulations, actin-bundling assays, and adhesion assembly experiments in live cells, we here describe a two-ways allosteric network within vinculin as a regulator of the talin-vinculin interaction. We directly observe a maturation process of vinculin upon talin binding, which reinforces the binding to talin at a rate of 0.03 s−1. This allosteric transition can compete with force-induced dissociation of vinculin from talin only at forces up to 10 pN. Mimicking the allosteric activation by mutation yields a vinculin molecule that bundles actin and localizes to focal adhesions in a force-independent manner. Hence, the allosteric switch confines talin-vinculin interactions and focal adhesion build-up to intermediate force levels. The ‘allosteric vinculin mutant’ is a valuable molecular tool to further dissect the mechanical and biochemical signalling circuits at focal adhesions and elsewhere.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that modulate specific metabolic pathways. Despite the availability of effective treatments like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), pharmacological therapy for CRC still faces significant challenges, including drug resistance, toxicity, and limited specificity. Therefore, discovering new compounds remains critical to overcoming these barriers and expanding treatment options. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts (FQAS) library in CRC-derived cell lines with premetastatic and metastatic phenotypes. The genetic and epigenetic background of the CRC cell lines and the selectivity of cytotoxicity compared to nontumor cells and between different CRC stages were also assessed. Additionally, the in silico pharmacological properties of these FQASs were analyzed. Results showed that FQASs 9–14 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both premetastatic and metastatic CRC cell lines, with FQASs 9, 13, and 14 displaying selective toxicity toward CRC cells over normal murine colorectal cells. However, in silico studies indicated poor oral bioavailability for these compounds, suggesting that an injection-based delivery route may be more effective for targeting CRC cells. In conclusion, CF3-containing FQASs are promising therapeutic candidates for CRC treatment.

BackgroundThe main mode of transmission of Hepatitis C in North America is through injection drug use. Availability of accessible care for people who inject drugs is crucial for achieving hepatitis C elimination.ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis is to compare the changes in injection drug use frequency and high-risk injection behaviors in participants who were randomized to accessible hepatitis c care versus usual hepatitis c care.MethodsParticipants who were hepatitis C virus RNA positive and had injected drugs in the last 90 days were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to an on-site, low threshold accessible care arm or a standard, referral-based usual care arm. Participants attended follow-up appointments at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months during which they answered questions regarding injection drug use frequency, behaviors, and treatment for opioid use disorder.Primary outcomesThe primary outcomes of this secondary analysis are the changes in the frequency of injection drug use, high-risk injection behaviors, and receiving medication for opioid use disorder in the last 30 days.ResultsA total of 165 participants were enrolled in the study, with 82 participants in the accessible care arm and 83 participants in the usual care arm. Participants in the accessible care arm were found to have a statistically significant higher likelihood of reporting a lower range of injection days (accessible care-by-time effect OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62-0.98) and injection events (accessible care-by-time effect OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.56-0.88) in the last 30 days at a follow-up interview relative to those in the usual care arm. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of decrease in receptive sharing of injection equipment or in the percentage of participants receiving treatment for opioid use disorders in the two arms.ConclusionHepatitis C treatment through an accessible care model resulted in statistically higher rates of decrease in injection drug use frequency in people who inject drugs.

Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con riesgo de mortalidad que se puede originar por un tratamiento odontológico. Por ello, los cirujanos dentistas deben tener conocimientos básicos sobre la prevención de endocarditis infecciosa. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la profilaxis antibiótica de endocarditis infecciosa previa a procedimientos odontológicos en estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de estomatología. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo y transversal cuya muestra estuvo formada por 74 estudiantes de pregrado y 234 de posgrado de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur en el año 2019. Se empleó un cuestionario previo validado en el Perú, conformado por 20 preguntas de opción múltiple y dividido en 4 dimensiones (epidemiología, etiopatogenia, indicación y farmacología de la profilaxis antibiótica de endocarditis infecciosa). Los resultados se categorizaron en nivel de conocimiento bajo, regular y alto. Resultados: El 73,1 % de los estudiantes presentó un nivel de conocimiento global bajo, mientras que el 23,7 % presentó un nivel regular y el 3,2 %; un nivel alto. La calificación promedio fue 8,71 ± 2,78 [IC95 % 8,40 a 9,10]. Los estudiantes de pregrado tuvieron un puntaje de 8,64 ± 2,72 [IC95 % 8,01 a 9,26] y los de posgrado; 8,74 ± 2,80 [IC95 % 8,38 a 9,10]. Conclusión: El nivel de conocimiento sobre profilaxis antibiótica para la prevención de endocarditis infecciosa previa a procedimientos odontológicos es bajo en pregrado y posgrado.

Abstract We performed in-situ analysis on a ~ 1 mm-sized grain A0080 returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu to investigate the relationship of soluble organic matter (SOM) to minerals. Desorption electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-HRMS) imaging mapped more than 200 CHN, CHO, CHO–Na (sodium adducted), and CHNO soluble organic compounds. A heterogeneous spatial distribution was observed for different compound classes of SOM as well as among alkylated homologues on the sample surface. The A0080 sample showed mineralogy more like an Ivuna-type (CI) carbonaceous chondrite than other meteorites. It contained two different lithologies, which are either rich (lithology 1) or poor (lithology 2) in magnetite, pyrrhotite, and dolomite. CHN compounds were more concentrated in lithology 1 than in lithology 2; on the other hand, CHO, CHO–Na, and CHNO compounds were distributed in both lithologies. Such different spatial distribution of SOM is likely the result of interaction of the SOM with minerals, during precipitation of the SOM via fluid activity, or could be due to difference in transportation efficiencies of SOMs in aqueous fluid. Organic-related ions measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) did not coincide with the spatial distribution revealed by DESI-HRMS imaging. This result may be because the different ionization mechanism between DESI and SIMS, or indicate that the ToF–SIMS data would be mainly derived from methanol-insoluble organic matter in A0080. In the Orgueil meteorite, such relationship between altered minerals and SOM distributions was not observed by DESI-HRMS analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which would result from differences of SOM formation processes and sequent alteration process on the parent bodies or even on the Earth. Alkylated homologues of CHN compounds were identified in A0080 by DESI-HRMS imaging as observed in the Murchison meteorite, but not from the Orgueil meteorite. These compounds with a large C number were enriched in Murchison fragments with abundant carbonate grains. In contrast, such relationship was not observed in A0080, implying different formation or growth mechanisms for the alkylated CHN compounds by interaction with fluid and minerals on the Murchison parent body and asteroid Ryugu. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Animals sense sounds through hierarchical neural pathways that ultimately reach higher-order cortices to extract complex acoustic features, such as vocalizations. Elucidating how spectrotemporal integration varies along the hierarchy from primary to higher-order auditory cortices is a crucial step in understanding this elaborate sensory computation. Here we used two-photon calcium imaging and two-tone stimuli with various frequency-timing combinations to compare spectrotemporal integration between primary (A1) and secondary (A2) auditory cortices in mice. Individual neurons showed mixed supralinear and sublinear integration in a frequency-timing combination-specific manner, and we found unique integration patterns in these two areas. Temporally asymmetric spectrotemporal integration in A1 neurons suggested their roles in discriminating frequency-modulated sweep directions. In contrast, temporally symmetric and coincidence-preferring integration in A2 neurons made them ideal spectral integrators of concurrent multifrequency sounds. Moreover, the ensemble neural activity in A2 was sensitive to two-tone timings, and coincident two-tones evoked distinct ensemble activity patterns from the linear sum of component tones. Together, these results demonstrate distinct roles of A1 and A2 in encoding complex acoustic features, potentially suggesting parallel rather than sequential information extraction between these regions.

In the 20th century, reinforced concrete was one of the most popular building materials. It was formerly regarded as a material of outstanding durability and resilience, but over the past 50 years, it has revealed severe fundamental flaws. Main weaknesses of concrete include susceptibility to chemical agents and degradation brought on by poor design and construction. As a result, restoration interventions, recovery efforts, and re-functionalization of these artifacts have progressively grown in recent decades. Only when these improvements are combined with ongoing maintenance are they effective in extending the life of the structure. The most accurate knowledge of the building and all of its components can improve the efficiency of maintenance and recovery actions. Recently, the use of BIM tools for reinforced concrete buildings is spreading more and more, going beyond new construction to include built heritage. A BIM model of an existing asset may be used to assess the building's condition of conservation, pinpoint any issues, and assess the alternatives available for repair and conservation while projecting the impact of the adjustments on the structure. This data may be used to plan maintenance and restoration activities, track the building's condition of conservation through time, and assess the effects of any alterations on the structure. In this work, a workflow for "reverse engineering", enabling the creation of an HBIM model of an existing building, is proposed and then applied to a case study building. This technique may be regarded as a watershed moment in the management of reinforced concrete structures since it simplifies and organizes all of the information needed to preserve the existing architectural heritage while utilizing available resources.

Contexto: En Colombia, la baja cobertura de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales conlleva a una compleja problemática ambiental, ya que estas aguas son usadas generalmente como sistemas de riego para cultivos y, en ocasiones, para el consumo humano en zonas rurales. Objetivo: Informar acerca del saneamiento básico de las aguas residuales, los sistemas de tratamiento, el uso de microorganismos exoelectrogénicos en biorreactores, así como, los avances reportados frente al uso de los sistemas bioelectroquímicos y su posible implementación en Colombia. Metodología: Se describe la capacidad y cobertura de los sistemas de tratamiento en las regiones del país; posteriormente, se presenta el fundamento teórico de los microorganismos que interactúan en los sistemas bioelectroquímicos; y se documenta el uso de esta tecnología para depurar contaminantes. Resultados: El uso de bacterias exoelectroquímicas puede degradar carga orgánica contenida en las aguas residuales; los sistemas bioelectroquímicos aprovechan la capacidad de los microorganismos para transferir electrones a través de un circuito eléctrico por medio de voltaje, y obtener energía en forma de corriente eléctrica o combustibles con alto poder calorífico. Conclusiones: La implementación de estos sistemas en Colombia requiere de inversión tecnológica, humana y de infraestructura en las principales plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, dada la complejidad y variabilidad de los fenómenos bioelectroquímicos asociados a la conversión de materia orgánica.

La actividad bananera origina grandes cantidades de residuos agrícolas destacándose las hojas, pseudotallos, raquis y dedos descartados los cuales no son aprovechados técnicamente, por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación será determinar los nutrientes que aporta la biomasa de las plantas cosechadas e inoculadas con microorganismos eficientes. El estudio se desarrolló en la Finca “Dos Hermanas” ubicada en el sitio “El Recreo”, en la provincia de El Oro. Se utilizaron 3 tratamientos T1: biomasa de banano picada + ME, T2: biomasa de banano entera + ME y T3: testigo hacienda (sin adición de biomasa ni ME), se consideraron las siguientes variables: pH, MO, nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, cobre, hierro, magnesio, calcio, manganeso, relaciones de ca/Mg, Ca/K, K/Mg y Ca/K/Mg. El análisis indicó que el pH, MO y los nutrientes en el suelo mejoraron en el T1; Los contenidos de P, Cu, Ca y la relación Ca/Mg presentaron valores altamente significativos al comparar los análisis al inicio y final de la investigación. El T1 es una alternativa para reducir costos de fertilización y disminuir el impacto negativo de los fertilizantes químicos, favoreciendo la sostenibilidad de la producción.

This paper proposes a methodology for an alternative history matching process enhanced by the incorporation of a simplified binary interpretation of reservoir saturation logs (RST) as objective function. Incorporating fluids saturation logs during the history matching phase unlocks the possibility to adjust or select models that better represent the near wellbore waterfront movement, which is particularly important for uncertainty mitigation during future well interference assessments in water driven reservoirs. For the purposes of this study, a semi-synthetic open-source reservoir model was used as base case to evaluate the proposed methodology. The reservoir model represents a water driven, highly heterogenous sandstone reservoir from Namorado field in Brazil. To effectively compare the proposed methodology against the conventional methods, a commercial reservoir simulator was used in combination with a state-of-the-art benchmarking workflow based on the Big Loop™ approach. A well-known group of binary metrics were evaluated to be used as the objective function, and the Matthew correlation coefficient (MCC) has been proved to offer the best results when using binary data from water saturation logs. History matching results obtained with the proposed methodology allowed the selection of a more reliable group of reservoir models, especially for cases with high heterogeneity. The methodology also offers additional information and understanding of sweep behaviour behind the well casing at specific production zones, thus revealing full model potential to define new wells and reservoir development opportunities.