Author: "Angelo Rivetti" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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271 results on '"Angelo Rivetti"'

201. High rate particle tracking and ultra-fast timing with a thin hybrid silicon pixel detector

Author: M. Statera, A. Mapelli, Fabrizio Petrucci, G. Nuessle, G. Dellacasa, V. Carassiti, G. Aglieri Rinella, Massimiliano Fiorini, E. Cortina Gil, S. Garbolino, Alexander Kluge, A. Ceccucci, E. Martin, J. Kaplon, L. Perktold, A. Cotta Ramusino, Angelo Rivetti, Paolo Petagna, Petra Riedler, M. Morel, K. Poltorak, G. Mazza, F. Marchetto, Pierre Jarron, B. Velghe, and Matthew Noy
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Timing measurement, Detector, Tracking (particle physics), NA62 experiment, Particle identification, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Optics, Particle tracking detectors, Silicon pixel detectors, business, Silicon Detector, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The Gigatracker (GTK) is a hybrid silicon pixel detector designed for the NA62 experiment at CERN. The beam spectrometer, made of three GTK stations, has to sustain high and non-uniform particle rate (∼1 GHz in total) and measure momentum and angles of each beam track with a combined time resolution of 150 ps. In order to reduce multiple scattering and hadronic interactions of beam particles, the material budget of a single GTK station has been fixed to 0.5% X 0 . The expected fluence for 100 days of running is 2 × 10 14 1 MeV n eq /cm 2 , comparable to the one foreseen in the inner trackers of LHC detectors during 10 years of operation. To comply with these requirements, an efficient and very low-mass ( 0 ) cooling system is being constructed, using a novel microchannel cooling silicon plate. Two complementary read-out architectures have been produced as small-scale prototypes: one is based on a Time-over-Threshold circuit followed by a TDC shared by a group of pixels, while the other makes use of a constant-fraction discriminator followed by an on-pixel TDC. The read-out ASICs are produced in 130 nm IBM CMOS technology and will be thinned down to 100 μm or less. An overview of the Gigatracker detector system will be presented. Experimental results from laboratory and beam tests of prototype bump-bonded assemblies will be described as well. These results show a time resolution of about 170 ps for single hits from minimum ionizing particles, using 200 μm thick silicon sensors. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

202. Monolithic pixels on moderate resistivity substrate and sparsifying readout architecture

Author: W. Snoeys, Marco Battaglia, Dario Bisello, S. C. Mansuy, A. Potenza, P. Chalmet, J. Rousset, Piero Giubilato, Angelo Rivetti, Kostas Kloukinas, A. Marchioro, Y. Ikemoto, L. Silvestrin, Serena Mattiazzo, Michele Caselle, Devis Pantano, L. Demaria, and H. Mugnier
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, CMOS, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Capacitance, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Signal-to-noise ratio, Monolithic Pixels, Electronic engineering, Node (circuits), Architecture Detector, Instrumentation
Abstract: The LePix projects aim realizing a new generation monolithic pixel detectors with improved performances at lesser cost with respect to both current state of the art monolithic and hybrid pixel sensors. The detector is built in a 90 nm CMOS process on a substrate of moderate resistivity. This allows charge collection by drift while maintaining the other advantages usually offered by MAPS, like having a single piece detector and using a standard CMOS production line. The collection by drift mechanism, coupled to the low capacitance design of the collecting node made possible by the monolithic approach, provides an excellent signal to noise ratio straight at the pixel cell together with a radiation tolerance far superior to conventional un-depleted MAPS. The excellent signal-to-noise performance is demonstrated by the device ability to separate the 6 keV 55 Fe double peak at room temperature. To achieve high granularity (10–20 µm pitch pixels) over large detector areas maintaining high readout speed, a completely new compressing architecture has been devised. This architecture departs from the mainstream hybrid pixel sparsification approach, which uses in-pixel logic to reduce data, by using topological compression to minimize pixel area and power consumption.
Published: 2013

203. Performance of the ALICE VZERO system

Author: Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Juyeon Yi, Rashmi Raniwala, Silvia Arcelli, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, A. G. Agocs, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Barbera, Elena Botta, Dariusz Czeslaw Miskowiec, Franco Meddi, Franck Manso, X. G. Lu, Alexandru Bercuci, Hege Austrheim Erdal, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, E. Floratos, N. Pitz, Sona Pochybova, R. Grajcarek, Felix Reidt, V. Chibante Barroso, Raghunath Sahoo, A. Vyushin, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Valerie Ramillien Barret, A. Masoni, Joel Anthony Mazer, Boris Batyunya, M. Sano, Xu Cai, L. Cifarelli, B. H. Han, Christian Holm Christensen, Rajeev Singh, M. A. Diaz Corchero, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, D. Tlusty, Thomas Humanic, Alexander Mamonov, Dong Jo Kim, I. Kulakov, Marco Marquard, Jean-Pierre Revol, HT Yang, G. S. Pappalardo, R. Dang, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Fengchu Zhou, Muhammad Ajaz, J. W. S.T. Heckel, Evgeny Ryabinkin, M. Zynovyev, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, D. Truesdale, Dmitry Finogeev, Subhash Singha, L. Riccati, Xiang Zhang, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Dieter Røhrich, K. Shtejer, Angelo Rivetti, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Guy Paic, Ana Maria Marin, G. Simatovic, D. R. Gangadharan, Maxime Guilbaud, Z. Harmanová-Tóthová, Sandro Bjelogrlic, Lee Stuart Barnby, Cristina Terrevoli, Shingo Sakai, Eleazar Cuautle, Annika Passfeld, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, E. Dénes, A. I. Pavlinov, J. H. Kang, A. De Falco, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, A. Badalà, Domenico Colella, Z. Yin, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Haaland, E. Nappi, Stefano Piano, Fiorella Fionda, A. Alkin, Anik Gupta, Federico Carminati, M. Wilde, A. Ahmad Masoodi, Sven Gotovac, R. de Rooij, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Leonardo Milano, Marek Bombara, Peter Strmen, Vladimir Vechernin, Nicolas Arbor, Christoph Blume, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Johannes Peter Wessels, Sun Kun Oh, Y. Hori, A. Zichichi, Saehanseul Oh, Andrzej Rybicki, Rosario Turrisi, Thomas Peitzmann, Y. Mao, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, Alexander Kluge, A. Szanto de Toledo, Giulio Usai, Davide Falchieri, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, Michal Broz, Christine Nattrass, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, A. G. Asryan, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, G. Cara Romeo, P. Vande Vyvre, Theo Alexander Broker, Despina Hatzifotiadou, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, A. B. Kaidalov, D. Perrino, S. A. Ahn, Igor Pshenichnov, Sergey Kiselev, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Branislav Sitar, Nicole Alice Martin, J. Thäder, Jørgen André Lien, Redmer Alexander Bertens, G. V. Margagliotti, Dario Berzano, F.F. Guber, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Zubayer Ahammed, Luciano Musa, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Elena Rogochaya, Debojit Sarkar, B. Ghidini, J.A. Mares, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Vit Kucera, Maurizio Basile, A. W. Rauf, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Sang Un Ahn, Valentina Zaccolo, Jan Figiel, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, Grazia Luparello, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, Kjetil Ullaland, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Peter Malzacher, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, T. Moon, Francesco Riggi, M. Cherney, C. Garabatos, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, C. Søgaard, F. Padilla, Meidana Huang, Johan Alme, Rosi Reed, Thomas Michael Cormier, Luciano Ramello, P. I. Loenne, J. Zhu, Raimond Snellings, L. K. Mangotra, Jiebin Luo, M. van Leeuwen, Marco Leoncino, Peter Glassel, Jovan Milosevic, M. Estienne, Premomoy Ghosh, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Panagiota Foka, Konstantin Mikhaylov, T. Susa, Mesut Arslandok, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Andrew Marshall Adare, Francesco Barile, Bikash Sinha, M. Lenhardt, Anton Andronic, Paolo Giubellino, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Philippe Crochet, N. Grion, C. Pajares, A. Nyatha, W. Rauch, F. Rettig, Marta Verweij, Anders Garritt Knospe, Maria Vasileiou, S. K. Pal, H. J. Jang, Ionel Stan, Ajay Kumar Dash, Levente Molnar, R. Mazumder, Alberto Baldisseri, Werner Riegler, T.H. Kim, P. Zelnicek, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, A. Margotti, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Jihyun Bhom, A. M. Gago, L. Manceau, Ian Gardner Bearden, Y. J. Kwon, Rene Brun, Vikas Singhal, L. H. González-Trueba, Natalia Kondratyeva, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Marc Weber, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, Rudiger Haake, Giacomo Volpe, E. López Torres, Shiming Yang, Z. Buthelezi, F. Carena, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Krzysztof Redlich, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Taku Gunji, L. Vannucci, Andrea Festanti, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, M. Hartig, S. Sharma, Joakim Nystrand, V. Kushpil, Leonid Vinogradov, Valeria Muccifora, Filippo Costa, R. Scott, A. De Caro, E. Abbas, Natasha Sharma, Kamal Hussain Khan, Mikhail Ippolitov, Alexey Kuryakin, J. Ban, P. Di Nezza, Attiq Ur Rehman, H. Caines, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, D. W. Kim, E. Crescio, Motoi Inaba, P. G. Innocenti, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, Vladimir Kaplin, M. J. Pluta, Johanna Stachel, A. Kolojvari, Oliver Busch, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Shih-Chang Lee, Anton Jusko, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Giacomo Contin, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, M. Bach, G. Martínez García, C. Petta, Dagmar Adamová, Andrey Zarochentsev, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, F. Blanco, Mauro Gallio, A. Rachevski, Herve Borel, Alexei Khanzadeev, Marek Kowalski, C. Bianchin, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Stefania Bufalino, G.S. Shabratova, J. Anielski, Michelangelo Agnello, Radiy Ilkaev, Mihai Niculescu, Giacomo Bruno, Michal Petran, Cenek Zach, H. Sakaguchi, P. González-Zamora, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, M. Heide, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Marco De Petris, Jens Wiechula, B. K. Srivastava, G. Stefanek, Vladimir Nikulin, Madan M. Aggarwal, E. Cruz Alaniz, C. Hadjidakis, Corrado Cicalo, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Silvia Masciocchi, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, V. Razazi, Indranil Das, David Michael Rohr, C. G. Yaldo, Jana Bielcikova, Michael Wang, Sebastian Kalcher, H. Bøggild, E. Stenlund, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Bruno Alessandro, D. De Gruttola, Predrag Buncic, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Paola Gianotti, Vito Manzari, M. Masera, J. D. Tapia Takaki, A. A. Rademakers, Bjarte Kileng, Sudhir Raniwala, Tatiana Karavicheva, T. Kalliokoski, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, D. Di Bari, Subikash Choudhury, B. S. Nilsen, Alberto Collu, Mihai Petrovici, Henning Kværnø, Kenta Shigaki, J. Lehnert, Jihye Song, V. Altini, Jaroslav Adam, A. Szczepankiewicz, S. Serci, R. Smakal, A. Tarantola Peloni, Rui Ma, Michael Linus Knichel, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, S. Esumi, A. Nedosekin, O. Villalobos Baillie, J. W. Van Hoorne, R. A. Ricci, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, F. Bossú, T. Breitner, Andrey Vasiliev, Renaud Vernet, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Federico Ronchetti, Andre Mischke, Daniel Berenyi, M. Irfan, C. Ivan, T. J. M. Symons, Igor Lakomov, Andrea Alici, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, T.A. Pocheptsov, Martin Vala, C. Klein-Bösing, S. U. Chung, Christoph Mayer, Enrico Scomparin, A. J. Rubio Montero, R. A. Soltz, Mihaela Gheata, H. León, Elisa Incani, Massimiliano Marchisone, R. Russo, A. S. Nyanin, F. Bellini, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Paolo Martinengo, J. L. Charvet, B. Fenton-Olsen, Benjamin Andreas Hess, Markus Fasel, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, Benjamin Donigus, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Hans Peter Beck, M. Kim, E. Braidot, Alexander Akindinov, Mohd Danish Azmi, Alessandro Grelli, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Rishat Sultanov, Ping Yang, Alessandro Ferretti, Anthony Robert Timmins, L. V. Malinina, Kyrre Skjerdal, Pietro Cortese, A. Jacholkowski, Ilaria Aimo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, D. P. Mahapatra, R. Cruz Albino, S. K. Basu, P. Gros, Dai-Mei Zhou, Michael Andreas Winn, Sergey Filchagin, M. E. Connors, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Peter Graham Jones, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, S. De Pasquale, Stefan Rossegger, Ara Grigoryan, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, B. von Haller, E. Montes, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Linda Vickovic, Alberica Toia, F. Prino, Marian Krivda, Roman Lietava, H. Zhang, Magnus Mager, M. Krus, Rosario Nania, D. Emschermann, D. Fabris, Yonghong Zhang, Yves Roland Schutz, Jung-Hyun Kim, Smbat Grigoryan, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, M. Pachr, W. J. Park, Pietro Antonioli, Costin Grigoras, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Andrea Francescon, T. Aronsson, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Oleksii Ivanytskyi, H.R. Gulkanyan, W. Peryt, I. León Monzón, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, Matthias Richter, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, Nikolai Smirnov, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Raphaelle Ichou, Satyajit Jena, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Graham Richard Lee, Rainer Martin Schicker, Serhiy Senyukov, Anju Bhasin, Raphael Noel Tieulent, G. A. Feofilov, N. Carlin Filho, R. Gomez, A. Di Mauro, Y. Martynov, M. E. Cotallo, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Andrzej Deloff, Cristian Andrei, M. Zhalov, Sedat Altinpinar, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, T. S. Räihä, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Bastian Bathen, Henrik Qvigstad, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, G. Herrera Corral, Lawrence Pinsky, Jochen Klein, Yu. V. Kharlov, Barbara Guerzoni, T. K. Nayak, Peter Christiansen, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, D. Felea, J. Book, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. S. Kim, Sergey Gorbunov, Mikolaj Krzewicki, S. Yasnopolskiy, N. Poljak, Austin Vincent Harton, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, Igor Altsybeev, Rama Chandra Baral, Raffaele Grosso, S. Böttger, Seyong Kim, M. Vajzer, Andre Augustinus, M. Bogolyubsky, Andreas Morsch, B. Cheynis, J. Ulery, Xing-Bo Yuan, Philippe Rosnet, E. A. R. Casula, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, J. Bartke, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, F. Scarlassara, Ralf Keidel, Mikhail V. Kompaniets, Alice Zimmermann, M. R. Cosentino, V. Pospíšil, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, A. Pesci, M. Ploskon, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Pascal Dupieux, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Andrea Dainese, C. Baumann, Sergey Fokin, Marie Germain, Peter Levai, Csaba Soos, R. Bellwied, Adela Kravcakova, A. A.E. Bergognon, Thanushan Kugathasan, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. B. Kurepin, Ankita Goswami, You Zhou, E. Calvo Villar, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, P. Petrov, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Torsten Alt, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Stefan Kirsch, Sergey Nikulin, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Laurent Ducroux, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Jongik Yoon, Maksym Zyzak, Ivan Kisel, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, X. Sanchez Castro, Romualdo Santoro, Guillaume Batigne, Gilda Scioli, P. Pillot, Juha Äystö, Alexander Vinogradov, T. Antičić, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, I. E. Yushmanov, Renu Bala, Filip Krizek, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, Alexander Vodopyanov, Ken Oyama, Claudio Geuna, Alexandr Tumkin, J. Ulrich, Markus Konrad Kohler, G. Viesti, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, Livio Bianchi, I. Garishvili, Federico Cindolo, L. Šándor, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, M. Kliemant, B. Hicks, M. Steinpreis, R. Romita, Evgeny Kryshen, Petr Zavada, Deepika Rathee, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Ante Bilandzic, M. A. Tangaro, Roberto Preghenella, K. Šafařík, Marek Chojnacki, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Andrew Ivanov, S. Kox, G. Hamar, Sean Murray, Yasuo Miake, Palash Khan, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Johannes Hendrik Stiller, Airton Deppman, Hans Muller, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, N. Zaviyalov, Rinaldo Rui, H. Pereira Da Costa, M. Fusco Girard, Mikhail Malaev, Xiangrong Zhu, A. Karasu Uysal, D. Budnikov, G. D Erasmo, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, F. Soramel, Alexis Jean-Michel Mas, Sergey Evdokimov, Cinzia Luzzi, Cristiane Jahnke, Beomsu Chang, Jiri Kral, Evgeny Karpechev, G. Aglieri Rinella, Boris Wagner, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Yongwook Baek, Kenneth Francis Read, Tyler Allen Browning, J. G. Contreras, Eugen Mudnic, M. Lechman, Jorn Henning Putschke, M. Botje, Shinichi Hayashi, Jan Cepila, E. Sicking, Podist Kurashvili, Alla Maevskaya, Y. P. Viyogi, M. I. Martínez, Michal Krelina, Mirko Planinic, Martijn Reicher, A. V. Kazantsev, C.J. Schmidt, S. Schuchmann, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, J. Castillo Castellanos, Håvard Helstrup, Y. Sibiriak, Vladimir Ivanov, Didier Alexandre, R. Wan, Constantinos Loizides, E. Almaráz Aviña, Antonio Uras, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Stefania Beole, M. Kretz, S.A. Sadovsky, Takafumi Niida, G. M. Urciuoli, Kyoichiro Ozawa, G. Tejeda Muñoz, G. Puddu, Christian Claude Kuhn, H. Appelshäuser, Kai Oliver Schweda, Ketil Røed, P. Cerello, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Maria Nicassio, Andrea Dubla, H. Jung, Sergey Nikolaev, Ivan Vorobyev, R. Varma, Z. Vilakazi, Giuseppe Simonetti, Ralf Peter Averbeck, C. Lagana Fernandes, Eugenio Scapparone, Valery Punin, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Antonio Rossi, J. S. Real, M. C. S. Williams, Arturo Tauro, K. Ma, L. Cunqueiro, G. Santagati, Alex Hansen, D. S. Hwang, A. Feliciello, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Sergey Nazarenko, P. A. Scott, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, D. M. Jha, Terry C Awes, Betty Abelev, Jeewon Seo, C. Di Giglio, Agneta Oskarsson, A. Matyja, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Tomoya Tsuji, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, Deepa Thomas, Myunggeun Song, A. TarazonaMartinez, Jurgen Schukraft, K. Das, Christian Lippmann, Chiara Zampolli, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, Rama Narayana Singaraju, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Julien Faivre, B. Kim, Djuvsland, Luke David Hanratty, G.F. Segato, D. I. Patalakha, J. de Cuveland, J. Mlynarz, Yu.N. Pestov, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, G. de Cataldo, Andrey Reshetin, Marcello Lunardon, M. Veldhoen, Alessandra Fantoni, V. Nikolic, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Olja Dordic, P. Ostrowski, Y. L. Yamaguchi, K. Watanabe, S. Rohni, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, L. Toscano, Amalia Pop, A. Ter Minasyan, H. A. Torii, Rachid Guernane, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Anand Kumar Dubey, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Y. Kucheriaev, Daniel Lohner, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, C. Cavicchioli, J.-Y. Grossiord, Frederick Kramer, S. Mizuno, Ijaz Ahmed, Sergio Vergara, Tim Schuster, Jacobus Onderwaater, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Y. Zoccarato, Chiara Oppedisano, Ramona Lea, Hongbo Zhu, Marco Bregant, Dominik Fehlker, Kai Loo, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, Debasish Das, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, B. Ketzer, Federico Antinori, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, A. Hayrapetyan, A. Casanova Díaz, Laure Marie Massacrier, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Ombretta Pinazza, S. L. La Pointe, Z. Harris, David H. Evans, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, J. F. Castillo Hernandez, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, A. Ochirov, Diego Stocco, Y. Wang, P. Kaliňák, Aditya Nath Mishra, Biswarup Paul, Andrea Agostinelli, A. RodriguezManso, Antonin Maire, Paolo Pagano, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, V. Catanescu, Iosif Legrand, Shao-Ping Li, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Peter Chochula, Christophe Pierre Suire, Z. Conesa del Valle, Janka Vrlakova, Oleg Karavichev, L. Montaño Zetina, N. Herrmann, Tatsuya Chujo, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Supriya Das, Vladislav Manko, Bogdan Vulpescu, I. K. Yoo, Alexandre Shabetai, C. Lara, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, G. Steyn, D. Eschweiler, C. D. Anson, Bedangadas Mohanty, V. Wagner, E. G. Ferreiro, Adrian Sevcenco, Michal Sumbera, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Dosatsu Sakata, Andrei Gheata, I. Cortés Maldonado, Francesco Noferini, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALICE, E. 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F., Casula, E. A. R., Catanescu, V., Cavicchioli, C., Ceballos Sanchez, C., Cepila, J., Cerello, P., Chang, B., Chapeland, S., Charvet, J. L., Chattopadhyay, S., Cherney, M., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chochula, P., Chojnacki, M., Choudhury, S., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chung, S. U., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Cleymans, J., Colamaria, F., Colella, D., Collu, A., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa Del Valle, Z., Connors, M. E., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Cormier, T. M., Corrales Morales, Y., Cortese, P., Cortés Maldonado, I., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Cotallo, M. E., Crescio, E., Crochet, P., Cruz Alaniz, E., Cruz Albino, R., Cuautle, E., Cunqueiro, L., Dainese, A., Dang, R., Danu, A., Das, K., Das, I., Das, S., Das, D., Dash, S., Dash, A., De, S., De Barros, G. O. V., De Caro, A., De Cataldo, G., De Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., Delagrange, H., Deloff, A., De Marco, N., Dénes, E., De Pasquale, S., Deppman, A., D. Erasmo, G., De Rooij, R., Diaz Corchero, M. A., Di Bari, D., Dietel, T., Di Giglio, C., Di Liberto, S., Di Mauro, A., Di Nezza, P., Divià, R., Djuvsland, Ø., Dobrin, A., Dobrowolski, T., Dönigus, B., Dordic, O., Dubey, A. K., Dubla, A., Ducroux, L., Dupieux, P., Dutta Majumdar, A. K., Elia, D., Emschermann, D., Engel, H., Erazmus, B., Erdal, H. A., Eschweiler, D., Espagnon, B., Estienne, M., Esumi, S., Evans, D., Evdokimov, S., Eyyubova, G., Fabris, D., Faivre, J., Falchieri, D., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fehlker, D., Feldkamp, L., Felea, D., Feliciello, A., Fenton Olsen, B., Feofilov, G., Fernández Téllez, A., Ferretti, A., Festanti, A., Figiel, J., Figueredo, M. A. S., Filchagin, S., Finogeev, D., Fionda, F. M., Fiore, E. M., Floratos, E., Floris, M., Foertsch, S., Foka, P., Fokin, S., Fragiacomo, Enrico, Francescon, A., Frankenfeld, U., Fuchs, U., Furget, C., Fusco Girard, M., Gaardhøje, J. J., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A., Gallio, M., Gangadharan, D. R., Ganoti, P., Garabatos, C., Garcia Solis, E., Gargiulo, C., Garishvili, I., Gerhard, J., Germain, M., Geuna, C., Gheata, M., Gheata, A., Ghidini, B., Ghosh, P., Gianotti, P., Giubellino, P., Gladysz Dziadus, E., Glassel, P., Gomez, R., Ferreiro, E. G., González Trueba, L. H., González Zamora, P., Gorbunov, S., Goswami, A., Gotovac, S., Grabski, V., Graczykowski, L. K., Grajcarek, R., Grelli, A., Grigoras, C., Grigoras, A., Grigoriev, V., Grigoryan, A., Grigoryan, S., Grinyov, B., Grion, N., Gros, P., Grosse Oetringhaus, J. F., Grossiord, J. Y., Grosso, R., Guber, F., Guernane, R., Guerzoni, B., Guilbaud, M., Gulbrandsen, K., Gulkanyan, H., Gunji, T., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Haake, R., Haaland, Ø., Hadjidakis, C., Haiduc, M., Hamagaki, H., Hamar, G., Han, B. H., Hanratty, L. D., Hansen, A., Harmanová Tothová, Z., Harris, Z., Hartig, M., Harton, A., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hayashi, S., Hayrapetyan, A., J. W., S. T. Heckel, Heide, M., Helstrup, H., Herghelegiu, A., Herrera Corral, G., Herrmann, N., Hess, B. A., Hetland, K. F., Hicks, B., Hippolyte, B., Hori, Y., Hristov, P., Hřivnáčová, I., Huang, M., Humanic, T. J., Hwang, D. S., Ichou, R., Ilkaev, R., Ilkiv, I., Inaba, M., Incani, E., Innocenti, G. M., Innocenti, P. G., Ippolitov, M., Irfan, M., Ivan, C., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, A., Ivanov, V., Ivanytskyi, O., Jachołkowski, A., P., M. Jacob, Jahnke, C., Jang, H. J., Janik, M. A., Jayarathna, P. H. S. Y., Jena, S., Jha, D. M., Jimenez Bustamante, R. T., Jones, P. G., Jung, H., Jusko, A., Kaidalov, A. B., Kalcher, S., Kaliňák, P., Kalliokoski, T., Kalweit, A., Kang, J. H., Kaplin, V., Kar, S., Karasu Uysal, A., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karpechev, E., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Ketzer, B., Khan, M. M., Khan, P., Khan, S. A., Khan, K. H., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Kileng, B., Kim, M., Kim, T., Kim, B., Kim, S., Kim, D. J., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. H., Kim, D. W., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Klay, J. L., Klein, J., Klein Bösing, C., Kliemant, M., Kluge, A., Knichel, M. L., Knospe, A. G., Köhler, M. K., Kollegger, T., Kolojvari, A., Kompaniets, M., Kondratiev, V., Kondratyeva, N., Konevskikh, A., Kovalenko, V., Kowalski, M., Kox, S., Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, G., Kral, J., Králik, I., Kramer, F., Kravčáková, A., Krelina, M., Kretz, M., Krivda, M., Krizek, F., Krus, M., Kryshen, E., Krzewicki, M., Kucera, V., Kucheriaev, Y., Kugathasan, T., Kuhn, C., Kuijer, P. G., Kulakov, I., Kumar, J., Kurashvili, P., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, A. B., Kuryakin, A., Kushpil, V., Kushpil, S., Kvaerno, H., Kweon, M. J., Kwon, Y., Ladrón de Guevara, P., Lagana Fernandes, C., Lakomov, I., Langoy, R., La Pointe, S. L., Lara, C., Lardeux, A., La Rocca, P., Lea, Ramona, Lechman, M., Lee, S. C., Lee, G. R., Legrand, I., Lehnert, J., Lemmon, R. C., Lenhardt, M., Lenti, V., León, H., Leoncino, M., León Monzón, I., Lévai, P., Li, S., Lien, J., Lietava, R., Lindal, S., Lindenstruth, V., Lippmann, C., Lisa, M. A., Ljunggren, H. M., Lodato, D. F., Loenne, P. I., Loggins, V. R., Loginov, V., Lohner, D., Loizides, C., Loo, K. K., Lopez, X., López Torres, E., Løvhøiden, G., Lu, X. G., Luettig, P., Lunardon, M., Luo, J., Luparello, Grazia, Luzzi, C., Ma, R., Ma, K., Madagodahettige Don, D. M., Maevskaya, A., Mager, M., Mahapatra, D. P., Maire, A., Malaev, M., Maldonado Cervantes, I., Malinina, L., Malkevich, D., Malzacher, P., Mamonov, A., Manceau, L., Mangotra, L., Manko, V., Manso, F., Manzari, V., Mao, Y., Marchisone, M., Mareš, J., Margagliotti, Giacomo, Margotti, A., Marín, A., Markert, C., Marquard, M., Martashvili, I., Martin, N. A., Martinengo, P., Martínez, M. I., Martínez García, G., Martynov, Y., Mas, A., Masciocchi, S., Masera, M., Masoni, A., Massacrier, L., Mastroserio, A., Matyja, A., Mayer, C., Mazer, J., Mazumder, R., Mazzoni, M. A., Meddi, F., Menchaca Rocha, A., Mercado Pérez, J., Meres, M., Miake, Y., Mikhaylov, K., Milano, L., Milosevic, J., Mischke, A., Mishra, A. N., Miskowiec, D., Mitu, C., Mizuno, S., Mlynarz, J., Mohanty, B., Molnar, L., Montaño Zetina, L., Monteno, M., Montes, E., Moon, T., Morando, M., Moreira De Godoy, D. A., Moretto, S., Morreale, A., Morsch, A., Muccifora, V., Mudnic, E., Muhuri, S., Mukherjee, M., Muller, H., Munhoz, M. G., Murray, S., Musa, L., Musinsky, J., Nandi, B. K., Nania, R., Nappi, E., Nattrass, C., Nayak, T. K., Nazarenko, S., Nedosekin, A., Nicassio, M., Niculescu, M., Nielsen, B. S., Niida, T., Nikolaev, S., Nikolic, V., Nikulin, S., Nikulin, V., Nilsen, B. S., Nilsson, M. S., Noferini, F., Nomokonov, P., Nooren, G., Nyanin, A., Nyatha, A., Nygaard, C., Nystrand, J., Ochirov, A., Oeschler, H., Oh, S., Oh, S. K., Oleniacz, J., Oliveira Da Silva, A. C., Onderwaater, J., Oppedisano, C., Ortiz Velasquez, A., Oskarsson, A., Ostrowski, P., Otwinowski, J., Oyama, K., Ozawa, K., Pachmayer, Y., Pachr, M., Padilla, F., Pagano, P., Paic, G., Painke, F., Pajares, C., Pal, S. K., Palaha, A., Palmeri, A., Papikyan, V., Pappalardo, G. S., Park, W. J., Passfeld, A., Patalakha, D. I., Paticchio, V., Paul, B., Pavlinov, A., Pawlak, T., Peitzmann, T., Pereira Da Costa, H., Pereira De Oliveira Filho, E., Peresunko, D., Pérez Lara, C. E., Perrino, D., Peryt, W., Pesci, A., Pestov, Y., Petráček, V., Petran, M., Petris, M., Petrov, P., Petrovici, M., Petta, C., Piano, Stefano, Pikna, M., Pillot, P., Pinazza, O., Pinsky, L., Pitz, N., Piyarathna, D. B., Planinic, M., Płoskoń, M., M., J. Pluta, Pocheptsov, T., Pochybova, S., Podesta Lerma, P. L. M., Poghosyan, M. G., Polák, K., Polichtchouk, B., Poljak, N., Pop, A., Porteboeuf Houssais, S., Pospíšil, V., Potukuchi, B., Prasad, S. K., Preghenella, R., Prino, F., Pruneau, C. A., Pshenichnov, I., Puddu, G., Punin, V., Putschke, J., Qvigstad, H., Rachevski, A., Rademakers, A., Raiha, T. S., Rak, J., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ramello, L., Raniwala, S., Raniwala, R., Rasanen, S. S., Rascanu, B. T., Rathee, D., Rauch, W., Rauf, A. W., Razazi, V., Read, K. F., Real, J. S., Redlich, K., Reed, R. J., Rehman, A., Reichelt, P., Reicher, M., Reidt, F., Renfordt, R., Reolon, A. R., Reshetin, A., Rettig, F., Revol, J. P., Reygers, K., Riccati, L., Ricci, R. A., Richert, T., Richter, M., Riedler, P., Riegler, W., Riggi, F., Rivetti, A., Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M., Rodriguezmanso, A., Røed, K., Rogochaya, E., Rohr, D., Röhrich, D., Romita, R., Ronchetti, F., Rosnet, P., Rossegger, S., Rossi, A., Roy, P., Roy, C., Rubio Montero, A. J., Rui, Rinaldo, Russo, R., Ryabinkin, E., Rybicki, A., Sadovsky, S., Šafařík, K., Sahoo, R., Sahu, P. K., Saini, J., Sakaguchi, H., Sakai, S., Sakata, D., Salgado, C. A., Salzwedel, J., Sambyal, S., Samsonov, V., Sanchez Castro, X., Šándor, L., Sandoval, A., Sano, M., Santagati, G., Santoro, R., Sarkamo, J., Sarkar, D., Scapparone, E., Scarlassara, F., Scharenberg, R. P., Schiaua, C., Schicker, R., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, C., Schuchmann, S., Schukraft, J., Schuster, T., Schutz, Y., Schwarz, K., Schweda, K., Scioli, G., Scomparin, E., Scott, R., Scott, P. A., Segato, G., Selyuzhenkov, I., Senyukov, S., Seo, J., Serci, S., Serradilla, E., Sevcenco, A., Shabetai, A., Shabratova, G., Shahoyan, R., Sharma, S., Sharma, N., Rohni, S., Shigaki, K., Shtejer, K., Sibiriak, Y., Sicking, E., Siddhanta, S., Siemiarczuk, T., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Simatovic, G., Simonetti, G., Singaraju, R., Singh, R., Singha, S., Singhal, V., Sinha, T., Sinha, B. C., Sitar, B., Sitta, M., Skaali, T. B., Skjerdal, K., Smakal, R., Smirnov, N., Snellings, R. J. M., Søgaard, C., Soltz, R., Song, M., Song, J., Soos, C., Soramel, F., Sputowska, I., Spyropoulou Stassinaki, M., Srivastava, B. K., Stachel, J., Stan, I., Stefanek, G., Steinpreis, M., Stenlund, E., Steyn, G., Stiller, J. H., Stocco, D., Stolpovskiy, M., Strmen, P., Suaide, A. A. P., Subieta Vásquez, M. A., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Suleymanov, M., Sultanov, R., Šumbera, M., Susa, T., Symons, T. J. M., Szanto De Toledo, A., Szarka, I., Szczepankiewicz, A., Szymański, M., Takahashi, J., Tangaro, M. A., Tapia Takaki, J. D., Tarantola Peloni, A., Tarazonamartinez, A., Tauro, A., Tejeda Muñoz, G., Telesca, A., Ter Minasyan, A., Terrevoli, C., Thader, J., Thomas, D., Tieulent, R., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Toia, A., Torii, H., Toscano, L., Trubnikov, V., Truesdale, D., Trzaska, W. H., Tsuji, T., Tumkin, A., Turrisi, R., Tveter, T. S., Ulery, J., Ullaland, K., Ulrich, J., Uras, A., Urciuoli, G. M., Usai, G. L., Vajzer, M., Vala, M., Valencia Palomo, L., Vallero, S., Vande Vyvre, P., Van Hoorne, J. W., Van Leeuwen, M., Vannucci, L., Vargas, A., Varma, R., Vasileiou, M., Vasiliev, A., Vechernin, V., Veldhoen, M., Venaruzzo, M., Vercellin, E., Vergara, S., Vernet, R., Verweij, M., Vickovic, L., Viesti, G., Viinikainen, J., Vilakazi, Z., Villalobos Baillie, O., Vinogradov, Y., Vinogradov, L., Vinogradov, A., Virgili, T., Viyogi, Y. P., Vodopyanov, A., Völkl, M. A., Voloshin, S., Voloshin, K., Volpe, G., Von Haller, B., Vorobyev, I., Vranic, D., Vrláková, J., Vulpescu, B., Vyushin, A., Wagner, V., Wagner, B., Wan, R., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Watanabe, K., Weber, M., Wessels, J. P., Westerhoff, U., Wiechula, J., Wikne, J., Wilde, M., Wilk, G., Williams, M. C. S., Windelband, B., Winn, M., Yaldo, C. G., Yamaguchi, Y., Yang, S., Yang, P., Yang, H., Yasnopolskiy, S., Yi, J., Yin, Z., Yoo, I. K., Yoon, J., Yuan, X., Yushmanov, I., Zaccolo, V., Zach, C., Zampolli, C., Zaporozhets, S., Zarochentsev, A., Závada, P., Zaviyalov, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zelnicek, P., Zgura, I. S., Zhalov, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., Zhou, F., Zhu, H., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, A., Zinovjev, G., Zoccarato, Y., Zynovyev, M., Zyzak, M., Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and ALICE Collaboration (ukupan broj autora: 988)
Subjects: Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Large detector-systems performance, Trigger detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Heavy-ion detectors, media_common.quotation_subject, Heavy-ion detectors, Nuclear Theory, large detector-systems performance, FOS: Physical sciences, VZERO detector, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Scintillator, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, trigger detectors, heavy-ion detectors, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, ALICE, trigger, V0, NUCLEAR COLLISIONS, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, V0 DETECTOR, Mathematical Physics, Core function, Large detector-systems performance, Trigger detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Trigger detector, media_common, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Interaction point, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ALICE experiment, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Centrality, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: ALICE is an LHC experiment devoted to the study of strongly interacting matter in proton-proton, proton--nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies. The ALICE VZERO system, made of two scintillator arrays at asymmetric positions, one on each side of the interaction point, plays a central role in ALICE. In addition to its core function as a trigger, the VZERO system is used to monitor LHC beam conditions, to reject beam-induced backgrounds and to measure basic physics quantities such as luminosity, particle multiplicity, centrality and event plane direction in nucleus-nucleus collisions. After describing the VZERO system, this publication presents its performance over more than four years of operation at the LHC., Comment: 20 pages, 10 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 15, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/595
Published: 2013

204. TOFPET2: a high-performance ASIC for time and amplitude measurements of SiPM signals in time-of-flight applications

Author: M. Rolo, Joao Varela, A. Di Francesco, Angelo Rivetti, Luca Pacher, R. Bugalho, João Carlos Silva, Luis B. Oliveira, and Rui F. Silva
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Amplifier, Electrical engineering, Topology (electrical circuits), 01 natural sciences, Signal, Capacitance, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Silicon photomultiplier, CMOS, 0103 physical sciences, Current conveyor, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Electrical impedance, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: We present a readout and digitization ASIC featuring low-noise and low-power for time-of flight (TOF) applications using SiPMs. The circuit is designed in standard CMOS 110 nm technology, has 64 independent channels and is optimized for time-of-flight measurement in Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET). The input amplifier is a low impedance current conveyor based on a regulated common-gate topology. Each channel has quad-buffered analogue interpolation TDCs (time binning 20 ps) and charge integration ADCs with linear response at full scale (1500 pC). The signal amplitude can also be derived from the measurement of time-over-threshold (ToT). Simulation results show that for a single photo-electron signal with charge 200 (550) fC generated by a SiPM with 320 pF capacitance the circuit has 24 (30) dB SNR, 75(39) ps r.m.s. resolution, and 4(8) mW power consumption. The event rate is 600 kHz per channel, with up to 2 MHz dark counts rejection.
Published: 2016

205. A time-based front-end ASIC for the silicon micro strip sensors of the P̄ANDA Micro Vertex Detector

Author: A. Riccardi, A. Zambanini, V. Di Pietro, Tobias Stockmanns, M.D. Rolo, J. Ritman, Angelo Rivetti, and K.-Th. Brinkmann
Subjects: Physics, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Controller (computing), Detector, Electrical engineering, STRIPS, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, Time-to-digital converter, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: The ANDA (Antiproton Annihilation at Darmstadt) experiment foresees many detectors for tracking, particle identification and calorimetry. Among them, the innermost is the MVD (Micro Vertex Detector) responsible for a precise tracking and the reconstruction of secondary vertices. This detector will be built from both hybrid pixel (two inner barrels and six forward disks) and double-sided micro strip (two outer barrels and outer rim of the last two disks) silicon sensors. A time-based approach has been chosen for the readout ASIC of the strip sensors. The PASTA (ANDA Strip ASIC) chip aims at high resolution time-stamping and charge information through the Time over Threshold (ToT) technique. It benefits from a Time to Digital Converter (TDC) allowing a time bin width down to 50 ps. The analog front-end was designed to serve both n-type and p-type strips and the performed simulations show remarkable performances in terms of linearity and electronic noise. The TDC consists of an analog interpolator, a digital local controller, and a digital global controller as the common back-end for all of the 64 channels.
Published: 2016

206. Pixel front-end with synchronous discriminator and fast charge measurement for the upgrades of HL-LHC experiments

Author: Ennio Monteil, Luca Pacher, Natale Demaria, Angelo Rivetti, M. Da Rocha Rolo, Chongyang Leng, and F. Rotondo
Subjects: Comparator, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Local oscillator, 02 engineering and technology, Integrated circuit design, Integrated circuit, VLSI circuits, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Front and back ends, law, Front-end electronics for detector readout, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Instrumentation, Radiation-hard electronics, Mathematical Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Electrical engineering, CMOS, Logic gate, business, Asynchronous circuit
Abstract: The upgrade of the silicon pixel sensors for the HL-LHC experiments requires the development of new readout integrated circuits due to unprecedented radiation levels, very high hit rates and increased pixel granularity. The design of a very compact, low power, low threshold analog very front-end in CMOS 65 nm technology is described. It contains a synchronous comparator which uses an offset compensation technique based on storing the offset in output. The latch can be turned into a local oscillator using an asynchronous logic feedback loop to implement a fast time-over-threshold counting. This design has been submitted and the measurement results are presented.
Published: 2016

207. Hybrid Pixels for the Micro-Vertex Detector of the PANDA Experiment

Author: Paolo De Remigis, S. Marcello, L. Zotti, Marco Mignone, Angelo Rivetti, D. Calvo, Giovanni Mazza, and Richard Wheadon
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Pixel, business.industry, Vertex detector, business
Published: 2012

208. A 64-channel ASIC for TOFPET applications

Author: Angelo Rivetti, M. Rolo, Rui F. Silva, Giovanni Mazza, Joao Varela, José Luis da Conceição Silva, Ricardo Bugalho, and F. Goncalves
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, business.industry, Amplifier, Electronic engineering, Plate detector, Optoelectronics, Photodetector, business, Chip, Capacitance
Abstract: A 64-channel ASIC for TOF PET imaging is presented. The circuit provides time and energy measurements of events produced by a SiPM coupled to a L(Y)SO fast scintillator. This ASIC is developed in the framework of the EndoTOFPETUS collaboration as an option for the readout of external 200×200 mm plate detector, which consists of 3×3×15 mm crystals and 3×3 mm (active area) SiPMs. Using the chip with non-segmented and/or higher light yield crystals is possible. The same applies for photodetectors with different gain, polarity, or even higher dark count rate. The targeted 200 ps timing resolution for the system and the need for a low power consumption have driven the choice of a closed-loop amplifier input stage and a 50 ps time binning TDC based on analogue interpolation. A power consumption between 5 to 10 mW per channel is expected to guarantee a SNR of at least 20 dB for the single photon, using a SiPM with 320 pF terminal capacitance.
Published: 2012

209. Review of results for the NA62 gigatracker read-out prototype

Author: S. Garbolino, Matthew Noy, Alexander Kluge, Pierre Jarron, F. Marchetto, B. Velghe, E. Cortina Gil, J. Kaplon, L. Perktold, E. Martin, Angelo Rivetti, G. Mazza, G. Dellacasa, V. Carassiti, G. Aglieri Rinella, Paolo Petagna, Fabrizio Petrucci, A. Ceccucci, Petra Riedler, M. Statera, A. Mapelli, M Fiorini, G. Nuessle, A. Cotta Ramusino, and M. Morel
Subjects: Physics, Very-large-scale integration, Silicon pixel detectors, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Constant fraction discriminator, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Computer hardware
Abstract: The Gigatracker (GTK) is a hybrid silicon pixel detector developed for NA62, an experiment studying ultra-rare kaon decays at the CERN SPS. The main characteristics are a time-tagging resoluion of 150ps, with low material budget per station (0.5% X0) and a fluence comparable to the one expected for the inner trackers of LHC detectors in 10 years of operation. To compensate the time-walk, two read-out architectures have been designed and produced. The first architecture is based on a Constant Fraction Discriminator (CFD) followed by an on-pixel Time-to-Digital-Converter (TDC). The second architecture is based on a on-pixel group shared TDC. The GTK system developments are described: the integration steps (assembly and cooling) and the results obtained from the prototypes fabricated for the two read-out architectures.
Published: 2012

210. Results from the NA62 Gigatracker Prototype: A Low-Mass and sub-ns Time Resolution Silicon Pixel Detector

Author: A. Cotta Ramusino, M. Statera, A. Mapelli, Fabrizio Petrucci, V. Carassiti, G. Aglieri Rinella, Pierre Jarron, Petra Riedler, S. Garbolino, B. Velghe, M. Morel, E. Cortina Gil, G. Mazza, A. Ceccucci, L. Perktold, G. Nuessle, J. Kaplon, Angelo Rivetti, G. Dellacasa, Massimiliano Fiorini, Paolo Petagna, Alexander Kluge, E. Martin, Matthew Noy, and F. Marchetto
Subjects: Physics, Discriminator, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, Silicon, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Emphasis (telecommunications), chemistry.chemical_element, Physics and Astronomy(all), Time-to-digital converter, Optics, chemistry, Tracking and position-sensitive detectors, Solid-state detectors, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Time-to-Digital Converter, Beam (structure), Silicon pixel ASIC
Abstract: The Gigatracker (GTK) is a hybrid silicon pixel detector developed for NA62, the experiment aimed at studying ultra-rare kaon decays at the CERN SPS. Three GTK stations will provide precise momentum and angular measurements on every track of the high intensity NA62 hadron beam with a time-tagging resolution of 150 ps. Multiple scattering and hadronic interactions of beam particles in the GTK have to be minimized to keep background events at acceptable levels, hence the total material budget is fixed to 0.5% X0 per station. In addition the calculated fluence for 100 days of running is 2×10 14 1 MeV n eq /cm 2 , comparable to the one expected for the inner trackers of LHC detectors in 10 years of operation. These requirements pose challenges for the development of an efficient and low-mass cooling system, to be operated in vacuum, and on the thinning of read-out chips to 100 μm or less. The most challenging requirement is represented by the time resolution, which can be achieved by carefully compensating for the discriminator time-walk. For this purpose, two complementary read-out architectures have been designed and produced as small-scale prototypes: the first is based on the use of a Time-over-Threshold circuit followed by a TDC shared by a group of pixels, while the other uses a constant-fraction discriminator followed by an on-pixel TDC. The readout pixel ASICs are produced in 130 nm IBM CMOS technology and bump-bonded to 200 μm thick silicon sensors. The Gigatracker detector system is described with particular emphasis on recent experimental results obtained from laboratory and beam tests of prototype bump-bonded assemblies, which show a time resolution of less than 200 ps for single hits.
Published: 2012

211. Femtoscopy ofppcollisions ats=0.9and 7 TeV at the LHC with two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations

Author: Lee Stuart Barnby, L. Massacrier, T. Kalliokoski, A. Klovning, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, V. Catanescu, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, L. Aándor, A. J. Rubio Montero, Haavard Helstrup, M. Kim, Peter Chochula, Hans Peter Beck, A. Pesci, Vladislav Manko, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, Lijiao Liu, Alla Maevskaya, T. S. Räihä, M. E. Cotallo, M. I. Martínez, Christophe Pierre Suire, Z. Conesa del Valle, N. Novitzky, Yu. V. Kharlov, Dmitry Blau, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, R. Janik, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, E. Berdermann, Anton Andronic, Bogdan Vulpescu, Vladimir Peskov, Beomsu Chang, C. Hernández, M. Kalisky, S. Yasnopolskiy, J. Urban, Tatjana Susa, Boris Batyunya, F. Scarlassara, Sergey Gorbunov, J. Newby, N. Pitz, H. H. Gutbrod, J. Bán, Roman Lietava, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Neetika Sharma, D. Peresunko, E. Chiavassa, Dai-Mei Zhou, Yves Roland Schutz, M. Hartig, S. Sharma, Oleg Karavichev, I. K. Yoo, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, S. Senyukov, D. Hasch, Andres Sandoval, Yu.N. Pestov, Stefan Kirsch, L. Jirden, C.J. Schmidt, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Pulvirenti, N. Herrmann, Filippo Costa, Krzysztof Redlich, Roberta Arnaldi, Rosario Turrisi, V. Chibante Barroso, D. Hasegan, Pablo Saiz, S. Schuchmann, Valery Punin, S.A. Zaporozhets, Y. Martynov, Adriana Telesca, Marian Krivda, S. C. Lee, Vladimir Samsonov, Tatsuya Chujo, H. Engel, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, M. Sano, Teodor Siemiarczuk, R. A. Ricci, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, Raghunath Sahoo, F. Piuz, Vladimir Ivanov, Shingo Sakai, H. Oeschler, A. Soloviev, Kenneth Francis Read, Eleazar Cuautle, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Sun Kun Oh, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Y. Hori, A. Szanto de Toledo, Andrea Vacchi, V. Pospíil, J. Pluta, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Oliver Busch, A. R. Timmins, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Xuan Zhang, S. Radomski, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Cristian Andrei, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Ante Bilandzic, T. J. M. Symons, I. Otterlund, Christine Nattrass, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, D. Miakowiec, A. De Falco, S. U. Ahn, F. Rettig, Marta Verweij, I. Rusanov, A. Uras, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, V. Kushpil, Podist Kurashvili, Y. P. Viyogi, M. Bombara, S. Coli, Matthias Richter, G. L. Usai, A. G. Asryan, Romualdo Santoro, J. Bartke, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, P. G. Innocenti, V. Grigoriev, D. Perrino, Andrey Vasiliev, A. V. Zenin, Enrico Scomparin, L. Molnar, P. Rosinský, M. Wilde, A.G. Fedunov, Steffen Schreiner, P. Vande Vyvre, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, G. Steyn, E. Biolcati, Igor Pshenichnov, G. Herrera Corral, I. Das, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, Christophe Furget, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, S. Kiselev, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, M. Zynovyev, D. Truesdale, Dmitry Finogeev, S. Navin, I. E. Yushmanov, Arturo Tauro, Y. Corrales Morales, S. Lohn, A. V. Kazantsev, Olja Dordic, H. Ricaud, B. K. Srivastava, Lawrence Pinsky, S. Arcelli, Jochen Klein, F. Bossú, Madan M. Aggarwal, K. Ma, Gian Michele Innocenti, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Debasish Das, T. P. Sinha, J. Midori, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Franck Manso, X. G. Lu, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, Jovan Milosevic, Branislav Sitar, Maria Vasileiou, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Guy Paic, A. M. Rossi, Ajay Kumar Dash, G. Stefanek, Catia Petta, Paolo Giubellino, M. Estienne, Hege Austrheim Erdal, A. Ahmad Masoodi, T. Horaguchi, Marek Chojnacki, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Toru Sugitate, Constantinos Loizides, H.R. Gulkanyan, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Michele Floris, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, C. D. Anson, Philippe Crochet, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Dong Jo Kim, Andreas Morsch, M. R. Cosentino, Rene Brun, A. Zichichi, M. Bogolyubsky, Alberto Baldisseri, B. Grinyov, A. Palmeri, V. Paticchio, A. A. Vinogradov, Eugen Mudnic, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, Julien Faivre, Jorn Henning Putschke, S. P. Jayarathna, A. Martínez Davalos, Paul Constantin, R. A. Soltz, Uwe Westerhoff, P. Pillot, G. Martínez García, L. Manceau, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, M. Gallio, R. Bala, F. Tosello, Ulrich Fuchs, Anju Bhasin, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, C. Lara, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Roberto Divia, G. A. Feofilov, A. Baldit, Kalliopi Kanaki, Herve Borel, J. Castillo Castellanos, Haijun Yang, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, Ken Oyama, Claudio Geuna, L. H. González-Trueba, Tiziano Virgili, J. W. Harris, P. González-Zamora, Mohd Danish Azmi, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, A. Rachevski, Peter Malzacher, Chiara Oppedisano, Y. Sibiriak, E. Almaráz Aviña, I. Kraus, Bedangadas Mohanty, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, Laurent Ducroux, P. Antonioli, Jean-Yves Grossiord, M. R. Girard, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, A. Maire, F. Noferini, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, M. Kretz, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, M. Zhalov, S.A. Sadovsky, G. M. Urciuoli, Federico Antinori, A. Nedosekin, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, A. Casanova Díaz, Bruno Alessandro, Marie Germain, C. Tagridis, D. B. Piyarathna, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Anton Jusko, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, I. Kisel, S. Böttger, Silvia Masciocchi, Christian Claude Kuhn, G. Mazza, D. Di Bari, P. T. Hille, Gerardus Nooren, Hiroki Yokoyama, A. Di Mauro, H. Appelshäuser, P. Cerello, M. C. S. Williams, Mario Sitta, R. Baldini Ferroli, Mikhail Ippolitov, Kenta Shigaki, A. Konevskih, Liudmila Malinina, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, G. T. Jones, Meidana Huang, T.M. Steinbeck, Andrey Zarochentsev, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, M. A. Mazzoni, M. López Noriega, D. Mal'Kevich, D. T. Larsen, Vladimir Kaplin, Sergey Nikolaev, M. Rammler, Tatiana Karavicheva, H. León Vargas, S. Esumi, T. C. Awes, Juha Äystö, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, Kyoichiro Ozawa, Isabel Dominguez, Marek Kowalski, Y. Wang, Alexei Khanzadeev, Michael Linus Knichel, S. Kox, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Alexander Vodopyanov, H. Bøggild, Renaud Vernet, F. Lefèvre, E. Stenlund, A. Peters, C. Klein-Bösing, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Malgorzata Anna Janik, B. Ghidini, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Ian Gardner Bearden, M. Botje, G. Puddu, Raffaele Grosso, A. S. Nyanin, Linda Vickovic, L. Cifarelli, D. Fabris, H. Jung, G. Viesti, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Alberica Toia, V. Wagner, D. Krumbhorn, Mihai Petrovici, P. Pagano, Peter Glassel, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, R. Gemme, M. A. Lisa, D. Elia, J. Ulery, Xing-Bo Yuan, Premomoy Ghosh, Alessandro Grelli, Philippe Rosnet, Werner Riegler, M. Heide, Tome Anticic, R. N. Singaraju, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, R. W. Fearick, J. H. Thomas, Alexandr Tumkin, J. Lehnert, G. Nazarov, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, H. González Santos, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Giacomo Contin, G.S. Shabratova, J. L. Charvet, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Andrew Ivanov, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, R. Kour, D. W. Kim, H. Obayashi, Francesco Barile, L. V. Bravina, J. de Cuveland, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, Ramona Lea, A. Blanc, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Andrew Marshall Adare, C. Roy, A. M. Gago, Adrian Sevcenco, Y. J. Kwon, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, M. Masera, R. Ferretti, Markus Fasel, T. J. Humanic, Haaland, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, E. Kang, C. Søgaard, Elisa Incani, Fabrizio Coccetti, Markus Konrad Kohler, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, A. B. Kurepin, E. Scapparone, R. Nania, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, J.S. Real, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, A. Margotti, Y. Vinogradov, Pietro Cortese, Joakim Nystrand, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, M. Basile, Mikhail Malaev, Xiangrong Zhu, L. Valencia Palomo, J. Mlynarz, D. Hatzifotiadou, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, V. Fekete, Alexander Akindinov, J. Mare, K. Voloshin, M. Mastromarco, Ralf Keidel, Leonid Vinogradov, Hans Muller, Stefano Piano, W. W. Jung, P. Kaliňák, S. Serci, Peter Levai, J. S. Kim, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, R. Bellwied, Alessandro Ferretti, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Fatima Padilla, P. Gros, K. Aafařík, Barbara Guerzoni, M. Kliemant, A. De Azevedo Moregula, I. León Monzón, D. Silvermyr, F. Soramel, R. Preghenella, L. Jancurová, K. S. Lee, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, C. Cicalo, N. van der Kolk, Alexis Jean-Michel Mas, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Peter Christiansen, R. Kolevatov, D. Budnikov, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Johanna Stachel, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, A. De Caro, Evgeny Karpechev, Sébastien Gadrat, G. Aglieri Rinella, B. von Haller, E. Crescio, M. Bach, Nicolas Bock, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Dosatsu Sakata, Grazia Luparello, Mads Stormo Nilsson, A. Nyatha, L. K. Mangotra, F. Navach, Ionel Stan, Z. Buthelezi, B. Hicks, D. Emschermann, M. Pachr, Nicola Bianchi, Jana Bielcikova, T. Peitzmann, Andrey Reshetin, Paraskevi Ganoti, Sebastian Kalcher, Y. Le Bornec, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, M. Puti, G.F. Segato, G. de Cataldo, G. Stefanini, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, O. Driga, A. G. Agocs, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, Rui Ma, Angela Badala, D. P. Mahapatra, T. Breitner, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, C. Guerra Gutierrez, Andrei Gheata, R. Gomez, J. Wiechula, R. Alfaro Molina, R. Santo, C. E. Pérez Lara, O. Vikhlyantsev, Bjarte Kileng, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, Sona Pochybova, M. van Leeuwen, Hyungsuk Son, J. Seo, Peter Graham Jones, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Janka Vrlakova, Alexander Kluge, R. Varma, Motoi Inaba, Z. Vilakazi, Anik Gupta, Volker Lindenstruth, C. Lazzeroni, G. Scioli, M. Aumbera, V. Altini, R. Scott, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Deepa Thomas, I. Cortés Maldonado, E. Dénes, Dagmar Adamová, S. K. Pal, T. Krawutschke, F.F. Guber, A. I. Pavlinov, J. H. Kang, X. Cai, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, A. Musso, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, P. Ostrowski, Smbat Grigoryan, K. Watanabe, Sandra Moretto, Rainer Martin Schicker, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, H. Torii, Zubayer Ahammed, Myunggeun Song, C. Bombonati, Federico Ronchetti, Anand Kumar Dubey, Guillaume Batigne, Andre Mischke, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Giuseppe Simonetti, Jurgen Schukraft, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, E. Calvo Villar, R. Wan, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, T. Aronsson, Sergey Nikulin, C. Garabatos, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Ramírez Reyes, Kathrin Koch, L. Riccati, Andrzej Deloff, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Francesca Bellini, D. Felea, J. Book, Christian Holm Christensen, Andre Augustinus, C. Ivan, A. Jacholkowski, Luciano Ramello, Nikolai Smirnov, Christian Lippmann, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, R. Stock, Pradip Kumar Sahu, M. Krus, V. Nikolic, Raphael Noel Tieulent, P. Saturnini, P. Zelnicek, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, R.J.M. Snellings, Davide Falchieri, Y. Kucheriaev, S. Aguilar Salazar, R. De Remigis, J. D. Tapia Takaki, Gennady Zinovjev, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Dieter Røhrich, Djuvsland, D. Tlusty, Alexander Mamonov, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, K. Shtejer, Stefan Rossegger, Sven Gotovac, S. Sano, F. Blanco, Evgeny Kryshen, K. Kozlov, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, A. Alici, R. de Rooij, Bikash Sinha, Melinda Siciliano, N. Grion, S. Pal, E. Montes, Claude Andre Pruneau, Sadhana Dash, Roberto Barbera, F. Prino, G. S. Pappalardo, P. G. Kuijer, Zhongbao Yin, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, S. H. Kim, Michal Broz, L. Toscano, Sergio Vergara, L. Aphecetche, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, R. Grajcarek, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, Y. Zoccarato, S. Huber, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Benjamin Donigus, F. Nendaz, Angelo Rivetti, A. A. Rademakers, R. Smakal, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, F. Carena, Taku Gunji, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, Cristina Terrevoli, E. Nappi, R. Ichou, Rajeev Singh, Vladimir Vechernin, F. Furano, A. Silenzi, Artur Krzysztof Szostak, R. Kamermans, Satyajit Jena, Eva Sicking, V. Demanov, Nicolas Arbor, Ana Maria Marin, Dayong Wang, D. Perini, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, L. Cunqueiro, Z. L. Matthews, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, Johannes Peter Wessels, Hyun-Chul Kim, D. S. Hwang, Anton Alkin, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Sergey Nazarenko, C. Di Giglio, C. Bortolin, Brigitte Cheynis, C. Zampolli, Bastian Bathen, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, E. Kornaa, M. Fragkiadakis, B. S. Nilsen, Alberto Masoni, Henrik Qvigstad, Annalisa Mastroserio, Amalia Pop, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. Nicassio, M. Lenhardt, T.A. Pocheptsov, Fiorella Fionda, Y. Mao, Imrich Szarka, G. D'Erasmo, F. Cindolo, J. Thäder, Nicole Bastid, Daniel Lohner, Igor Altsybeev, M. Cherney, Thomas Michael Cormier, C. Cavicchioli, Frederick Kramer, Seyong Kim, M. Tavlet, K. Aamodt, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Dominik Fehlker, Michele Caselle, P. Petrov, J. P. Revol, Torsten Alt, A. Wilk, D. De Gruttola, A. Hayrapetyan, D. Mayani, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, Federico Carminati, O. Rademakers, David H. Evans, Kai Schweda, R. Platt, A. Ochirov, Diego Stocco, Y. W. Baek, L. Vannucci, P. A. Scott, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Agneta Oskarsson, Jon Christopher Wikne, A. Matyja, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, G. Ortona, Klaus Johannes Reygers, S. Rousseau, Giacomo Bruno, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Vito Manzari, D. S. Kim, G. Dellacasa, Mihaela Gheata, L. Luquin, Ara Grigoryan, Y. Delgado Mercado, Magnus Mager, P. Mendez Lorenzo, W. J. Park, P. Mereu, Rachid Guernane, W. Peryt, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, Rinaldo Rui, M. Fusco Girard, Cinzia Luzzi, Jiri Kral, S. De Pasquale, O. Pinazza, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, J. G. Contreras, R. Romita, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, R. P. Scharenberg, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, L. Leistam, Yasuo Miake, S. Evrard, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, Airton Deppman, Giuseppe Giraudo, David Michael Rohr, and M. Heinz
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Elementary particle, Multiplicity (mathematics), Bose–Einstein correlations, 01 natural sciences, Momentum, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Pion, Bose–Einstein statistics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We report on the high statistics two-pion correlation functions from pp collisions at root s = 0.9 TeV and root s = 7 TeV, measured by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The correlation functions as well as the extracted source radii scale with event multiplicity and pair momentum. When analyzed in the same multiplicity and pair transverse momentum range, the correlation is similar at the two collision energies. A three-dimensional femtoscopic analysis shows an increase of the emission zone with increasing event multiplicity as well as decreasing homogeneity lengths with increasing transverse momentum. The latter trend gets more pronounced as multiplicity increases. This suggests the development of space-momentum correlations, at least for collisions producing a high multiplicity of particles. We consider these trends in the context of previous femtoscopic studies in high-energy hadron and heavy-ion collisions and discuss possible underlying physics mechanisms. Detailed analysis of the correlation reveals an exponential shape in the outward and longitudinal directions, while the sideward remains a Gaussian. This is interpreted as a result of a significant contribution of strongly decaying resonances to the emission region shape. Significant nonfemtoscopic correlations are observed, and are argued to be the consequence of "mini-jet"-like structures extending to low p(t). They are well reproduced by the Monte-Carlo generators and seen also in pi(+)pi(-) correlations.
Published: 2011

212. ToPiX: A CMOS 0.13 µm silicon pixel readout ASIC for the PANDA experiment

Author: Luca Toscano, Angelo Rivetti, Giovanni Mazza, Thanushan Kugathasan, Richard Wheadon, Daniela Calvo, Marco Mignone, S. Bonacini, and Paolo De Remigis
Subjects: Materials science, Pixel, Silicon, business.industry, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Arrival time, Signal, CMOS, chemistry, Application-specific integrated circuit, Nuclear electronics, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Optoelectronics, business, Radiation hardening
Abstract: The ToPiX ASIC is a custom development for the electronic readout of the silicon pixel detector for the PANDA experiment. The ASIC has to cope with a particle rate of up to 6.1 × 106 particles/s and with the absence of a trigger signal, thus dramatically increasing the amount of data to be transmitted. A reduced scale prototype with four 128 cells, four 32 cells columns, end of column logic and serial output has been designed in a CMOS 0.13 µm technology and tested. The ASIC measures both the hit arrival time and the charge released via a Time over Threshold technique.
Published: 2011

213. A radiation-tolerant 5 Gb/s Laser Driver in CMOS 130 nm technology

Author: Giovanni Mazza, K. Wyllie, Csaba Soos, Ping Gui, Jan Troska, Angelo Rivetti, and Paulo Moreira
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Capacitive sensing, Electrical engineering, Chip, Laser, law.invention, CMOS, Application-specific integrated circuit, Gigabit, law, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Transceiver, business, Radiation hardening
Abstract: The GigaBit Laser Driver (GBLD) is a radiation tolerant ASIC designed to drive both edge emitting lasers and VCSELs at data rates up to 5 Gb/s. It is part of the GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) project, which aims at the design of an optical transceiver capable to operate in the radiation environment of a typical HEP experiment. The GBLD can provide a modulation current of up to 24 mA and a laser bias current of up to 43 mA. Pre- and deemphasis functions are implemented to compensate for high external capacitive loads and asymmetric laser response. The chip, designed in CMOS 130 nm technology, is powered by a single 2.5 V power supply can be programmed via an I2C interface.
Published: 2011

214. Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

Author: Fabrizio Coccetti, H.R. Gulkanyan, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Franck Manso, K. Voloshin, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, F. Tosello, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, G. A. Feofilov, A. Baldit, Hege Austrheim Erdal, M. Zhalov, Michal Sumbera, A. Zichichi, A. De Azevedo Moregula, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Dosatsu Sakata, Sona Pochybova, Anik Gupta, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, Debasish Das, J. Midori, A. Masoni, Francesca Bellini, Mikolaj Krzewicki, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, Christian Holm Christensen, Tiziano Virgili, D. Tlusty, Alexander Mamonov, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, F. Nendaz, Cristina Terrevoli, E. Nappi, Dominik Fehlker, V. Demanov, Andrei Gheata, R. Gomez, R. Romita, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, R. P. Scharenberg, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, M. E. Cotallo, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Giuseppe Viesti, V. Pospíšil, A. B. Kurepin, L. Jirden, M. Bombara, Lijiao Liu, I. Cortés Maldonado, S. Kox, Yu. V. Kharlov, S. Yasnopolskiy, L. Ramello, D. Perrino, E. Kornas, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, P. Pillot, F. Blanco, Laurent Ducroux, E. Scapparone, Juha Äystö, C. Zampolli, Tatjana Susa, H. Delagrange, C. Hernández, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Pablo Saiz, Kenneth Francis Read, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, G. Dellacasa, J. P. Revol, D. De Gruttola, A. Hayrapetyan, D. Mayani, A. Vacchi, O. Rademakers, David H. Evans, Kai Schweda, Paolo Giubellino, L. Manceau, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, L. Leistam, P. Rosnet, K. Ozawa, Y. Vinogradov, A. A. Rademakers, Igor Pshenichnov, I. Das, R. Smakal, Jovan Milosevic, M. Estienne, Isabel Dominguez, R. Shahoyan, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, R. A. Ricci, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, Fiorella Fionda, Y. Mao, Podist Kurashvili, Y. P. Viyogi, A. V. Kazantsev, S. Beole, Peter Zahariev Hristov, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, Andrey Zarochentsev, D. Krumbhorn, R. Preghenella, S. Evrard, F. Piuz, Shingo Sakai, Sven Gotovac, R. de Rooij, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, L. K. Mangotra, Ionel Stan, J. Thäder, A. Ochirov, D. Miśkowiec, Diego Stocco, Y. W. Baek, A. Soloviev, Andrey Vasiliev, A. V. Zenin, R. Nania, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, Meidana Huang, M. Rammler, Premomoy Ghosh, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Andrew Marshall Adare, A. Khanzadeev, R. Gemme, Pietro Cortese, L. Valencia Palomo, D. Hatzifotiadou, A. Margotti, M. Germain, Volker Lindenstruth, Sanjib Sharma, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Enrico Scomparin, Gian Michele Innocenti, Håvard Helstrup, A. M. Gago, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Constantinos Loizides, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Z. Buthelezi, Eleazar Cuautle, W. W. Jung, ShinIchi Esumi, P. Kaliňák, Madan M. Aggarwal, Markus Fasel, M. Masera, Sun Kun Oh, J. S. Kim, L. Aphecetche, Y. Hori, Stefano Bagnasco, D. Silvermyr, J. Newby, N. Pitz, R. Kolevatov, F. Carena, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, M. Mastromarco, W. J. Park, Nicolas Bock, Airton Deppman, G. S. Pappalardo, P. G. Kuijer, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, C. E. Pérez Lara, A. G. Agocs, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, T. Krawutschke, M. Cherney, Leonid Vinogradov, V. Altini, C. Bombonati, Johanna Stachel, Federico Ronchetti, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Jana Bielcikova, H. R. Schmidt, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, D. P. Mahapatra, S. Gadrat, Giuseppe Giraudo, Ian Gardner Bearden, Anton Alkin, V. Catanescu, Vladimir Vechernin, T. Dobrowolski, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Alexander Kluge, A. Szanto de Toledo, Andre Mischke, C. Ivan, A. Jacholkowski, A. De Caro, E. Crescio, M. Bach, M. R. Girard, Thomas Michael Cormier, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, F. Noferini, E. Calvo Villar, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, Peter Chochula, Stefan Kirsch, M. Kretz, R. Wan, Angelo Rivetti, V. Chibante Barroso, Sergey Nikulin, Artur Krzysztof Szostak, R. Kamermans, Eva Sicking, C. Guerra Gutierrez, V. Petráček, Federico Carminati, Satyajit Jena, Zubayer Ahammed, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, Pradip Kumar Sahu, M. Krus, Sebastian Kalcher, Y. Le Bornec, Bjarte Kileng, R.J.M. Snellings, Z. Conesa del Valle, A. Baldisseri, C. Garabatos, Stefano Piano, A. Rossi, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, C. Lazzeroni, Nicolas Arbor, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Janka Vrlakova, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, P. Saturnini, C.W. Fabjan, G. Tejeda Muñoz, S. Radomski, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Ante Bilandzic, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, V. Kushpil, V. Grigoriev, P. Zelnicek, O. Driga, B. S. Nilsen, Alexis Jean-michel Mas, Haijun Yang, Renu Bala, N. Novitzky, David Michael Rohr, E. Dénes, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, A. I. Pavlinov, G. Luparello, R. Platt, X. Cai, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Boris Batyunya, B. Chang, Y. Corrales Morales, Bikash Sinha, A. Maire, T. Kalliokoski, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Anton Jusko, M. Kalisky, T. Sugitate, A. Nyatha, D. Di Bari, M. Sano, J. Pluta, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Branislav Sitar, Catia Petta, Oleg Karavichev, F. Rettig, Marta Verweij, K. Shigaki, Melinda Siciliano, N. Grion, Peter Graham Jones, A. Musso, Ivan Kralik, A. Oskarsson, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, Miroslav Pikna, S. Fokin, Mario Sitta, Giacomo Contin, Mikhail Malaev, Xiangrong Zhu, L. Molnar, L. Vannucci, M. Inaba, Smbat Grigoryan, Davide Falchieri, R. Alfaro Molina, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Toia, Michal Broz, M. Bregant, R. Scott, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, S. Senyukov, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Marek Chojnacki, A. Rakotozafindrabe, G. Martínez García, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, Y. Berdnikov, P. T. Hille, P. Rosinský, G. Batigne, M. Zynovyev, D. Truesdale, Dmitry Finogeev, Vladislav Manko, A. J. Rubio Montero, Hans Peter Beck, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, R. Baldini Ferroli, I. Kraus, G.S. Shabratova, J. P. Wessels, Sergio Serci, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, N. Herrmann, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Dagmar Adamová, Ken Oyama, Claudio Geuna, C. Suire, Jon Christopher Wikne, Werner Riegler, Giacomo Bruno, Roberta Ferretti, G. Puddu, Benjamin Donigus, Vladimir Kaplin, Rainer Martin Schicker, A. K. Dubey, I. Rusanov, J. L. Charvet, A. Uras, P. González-Zamora, P. Antonioli, Rene Bellwied, D. Budnikov, Marian Krivda, Deepa Thomas, V. Fekete, M. R. Cosentino, Myunggeun Song, Alexander Akindinov, Bogdan Vulpescu, P. Gros, Vladimir Peskov, T. J. Humanic, K. Šafařík, H. León Vargas, Marek Kowalski, M. A. Lisa, Z. L. Matthews, R. Janik, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, J. Bán, Roman Lietava, S. C. Lee, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, T. Chujo, Alessandro Grelli, Vito Manzari, A. R. Reolon, B. Cheynis, Bruno Alessandro, H. Hamagaki, M. Heide, A. Blanc, C. Tagridis, Andrzej Deloff, D. Felea, J. Book, Krzysztof Redlich, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, T. Breitner, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, C. Søgaard, Elisa Incani, Giulio Usai, H. Torii, Y. Martynov, A. Ahmad Masoodi, A. Martínez Davalos, R. Santo, Jurgen Schukraft, J. H. Kang, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, P. Constantin, K. Kozlov, I. K. Yoo, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, A. Alici, R. Varma, Z. Vilakazi, P. A. Scott, Alessandro Ferretti, Christoph Blume, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, L. Luquin, G. Herrera Corral, Lawrence Pinsky, S. Arcelli, Andrzej Rybicki, Jochen Klein, Tatiana Karavicheva, Andre Augustinus, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, M. Bogolyubsky, F. Bossú, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Julien Faivre, T. Aronsson, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Giuseppe Simonetti, Marian Putis, G. T. Jones, G.F. Segato, G. de Cataldo, Bastian Bathen, Henrik Qvigstad, Carlos A. Salgado, Nikolai Smirnov, R. Stock, Djuvsland, Vladimir Samsonov, Annalisa Mastroserio, M. Nicassio, Janusz Oleniacz, Ana Vargas, I. Otterlund, Christine Nattrass, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Francesca Soramel, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, Rene Brun, L. H. González-Trueba, Yu.N. Pestov, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Haaland, F. Cindolo, Igor Altsybeev, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, Y. Kwon, H. Oeschler, M. A. Mazzoni, M. Gallio, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Andreas Morsch, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, Angela Badala, P. Ostrowski, J. Bartke, Sedat Altinpinar, Petra Riedler, T. K. Nayak, Xuan Zhang, A. G. Asryan, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, E. Biolcati, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, Seyong Kim, D. Mal'Kevich, D. T. Larsen, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, K. Aamodt, N. van der Kolk, Alexander Vodopyanov, P. Crochet, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, K. Watanabe, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, D. Emschermann, M. Pachr, Nicola Bianchi, G. Ortona, Klaus Johannes Reygers, H. Borel, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, Mikhail Ippolitov, B. Ghidini, S. Rousseau, M. Venaruzzo, Olja Dordic, H. Ricaud, Peter Glassel, R. N. Singaraju, L. Jancurová, K. S. Lee, Mihai Petrovici, P. Pagano, S. Lohn, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Sang Un Ahn, J. Rak, R. W. Fearick, Francesco Barile, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Michele Caselle, P. Petrov, Torsten Alt, A. Wilk, J.A. Mares, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, M. Heinz, Lee Stuart Barnby, L. Massacrier, Xavier Bernard Lopez, M. J. Kweon, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, Michele Floris, E. Kang, J. Y. Grossiord, T. Horaguchi, T. J. M. Symons, G. Steyn, J. Klay, C. D. Anson, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, Joakim Nystrand, F. Guber, M. Basile, D. S. Kim, J. de Cuveland, J. Mlynarz, Andrey Reshetin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, T. C. Awes, V. Nikolic, Alexandr Tumkin, Linda Vickovic, D. Fabris, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, J. H. Thomas, M. van Leeuwen, M. Kim, Hyungsuk Son, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, Chiara Oppedisano, Rinaldo Rui, A. Pesci, Fatima Padilla, M. Lenhardt, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, M. G. Poghosyan, Mihaela Gheata, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Raphaelle Ichou, Anton Andronic, J. Seo, S. K. Pal, F. Navach, Bedangadas Mohanty, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, B. von Haller, Federico Antinori, A. Nedosekin, Markus Konrad Kohler, A. Casanova Díaz, I. Kisel, S. Böttger, Gerardus Nooren, M. Fusco Girard, G. D Erasmo, Cinzia Luzzi, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Daniel Lohner, C. Cavicchioli, Frederick Kramer, M. Tavlet, Y. Kucheriaev, S. Aguilar Salazar, R. De Remigis, M. Hartig, L. Šándor, Ara Grigoryan, J. D. Tapia Takaki, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, M. Kliemant, D. B. Piyarathna, P. G. Innocenti, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, T.M. Steinbeck, A. Fernández Téllez, Hiroki Yokoyama, Jiri Kral, S. De Pasquale, O. Pinazza, Y. Delgado Mercado, Sergio Vergara, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, M. Mohisin Khan, Magnus Mager, Neetika Sharma, P. Mendez Lorenzo, P. Mereu, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, D. Peresunko, D. Hasch, V. Wagner, Y. Wang, Boris Wagner, L. Cifarelli, Chiara Bianchin, W. Peryt, J. G. Contreras, Filippo Costa, I. Yushmanov, Oliver Busch, B. Hicks, Adrian Sevcenco, Y. Zoccarato, S. Sano, A. Pulvirenti, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, Tome Anticic, G. Nazarov, J. Wiechula, H. Obayashi, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Alla Maevskaya, Ajay Kumar Dash, Rosario Turrisi, D. Hasegan, Evgeny Kryshen, S. H. Kim, G. Stefanek, M. I. Martínez, Vladimir Nikulin, G. Scioli, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, J. W. Harris, A. Rachevski, L. Toscano, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, Rashmi Raniwala, C.J. Schmidt, S. Schuchmann, Silvia Masciocchi, Vladimir Ivanov, Michael Linus Knichel, B. K. Srivastava, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, Claude Andre Pruneau, Sadhana Dash, Roberto Barbera, Zhongbao Yin, R. Soltz, Kathrin Koch, L. Riccati, A. S. Nyanin, H. Jung, F. Furano, A. Silenzi, R. Grajcarek, A. Klovning, S. Huber, L. Cunqueiro, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Hyun-Chul Kim, D. S. Hwang, Fernando Scarlassara, Rajeev Singh, Sergey Nazarenko, C. Di Giglio, C. Bortolin, Gennady Zinovjev, Dieter Røhrich, Gunnar Løvhøiden, E. Berdermann, K. Shtejer, E. Chiavassa, Dai-Mei Zhou, M. Fragkiadakis, Ana Maria Marin, Dayong Wang, Yves Roland Schutz, D. Perini, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, M. Morando, A. De Falco, M. Wilde, A.G. Fedunov, T. Peitzmann, Steffen Schreiner, P. Vande Vyvre, T. Gunji, Y. Miake, H. Buesching, A. A. Vinogradov, O. Vikhlyantsev, A. Konevskih, Maria Vasileiou, V. Paticchio, S. P. Jayarathna, Kalliopi Kanaki, A. Peters, Ramona Lea, H. Engel, H. González Santos, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Andrew Ivanov, Rui Ma, Xing Lu, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Ramírez Reyes, Sergey Filchagin, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Stefan Rossegger, S. Pal, E. Montes, F. Prino, A. Matyja, Hans Muller, T. S. Räihä, G. Mazza, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Larissa Bravina, D. J. Kim, A. Di Mauro, J. Urban, Sergey Gorbunov, Frederic Lefevre, H. H. Gutbrod, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Andres Sandoval, R. Averbeck, T. Pocheptsov, Roberta Arnaldi, Evgeny Karpechev, J. Ulery, G. Aglieri Rinella, Xing-Bo Yuan, Eugen Mudnic, Jorn Henning Putschke, Ralf Keidel, J. Castillo Castellanos, Peter Levai, Y. Sibiriak, Romualdo Santoro, G. Stefanini, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, E. Almaráz Aviña, S.A. Sadovsky, G. M. Urciuoli, Christian Claude Kuhn, H. Appelshäuser, P. Cerello, M. C. S. Williams, Sergey Nikolaev, Guy Paic, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Roberto Divia, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, M. López Noriega, H. Bøggild, E. Stenlund, J. Lehnert, R. Kour, D. W. Kim, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Valery Punin, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, I. León Monzón, S. Coli, S. Navin, J. S. Real, C. Cicalo, Arturo Tauro, K. Ma, B. Espagnon, and S. Kiselev
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Centrality, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle
Abstract: The centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2: 76 TeV is presented. The charged-particle density normalized per participating nucleon pair increases by about a factor of 2 from peripheral (70%-80%) to central (0%-5%) collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be similar to that observed at lower collision energies. The data are compared with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.
Published: 2011

215. A low-noise CMOS front-end for TOF-PET

Author: M.D. Rolo, Luis Nero Alves, Joao Varela, Ernesto Martins, Angelo Rivetti, and M B Santos
Subjects: Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Photodetector, Biasing, PET PET/CT, Capacitance, Noise (electronics), Front and back ends, Silicon photomultiplier, CMOS, Front-end electronics for detector readout, medicine, Analogue electronic circuits, Optoelectronics, Medical physics, Solid state detectors, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Jitter
Abstract: An analogue CMOS front-end for triggering and amplification of signals produced by a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) coupled to a LYSO scintillator is proposed. The solution is intended for time-of-flight measurement in compact Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET) medical imaging equipments where excellent timing resolution is required (approximate to 100 ps). A CMOS 0.13 mu m technology was used to implement such front end, and the design includes preamplification, shaping, baseline holder and biasing circuitry, for a total silicon area of 500x90 mu m. Waveform sampling and time-over-threshold (ToT) techniques are under study and the front-end provides fast and shaped outputs for time and energy measurements. Post layout simulation results show that, for the trigger of a single photoelectron, the time jitter due to the pre-amplifier noise can be as low as 15 ps (FWHM), for a photodetector with a total capacitance of 70 pF. The very low input impedance of the pre-amplifier (approximate to 5 Omega) allows 1.8 ns of peaking time, at the cost of 10 mW of power consumption.
Published: 2011

216. The front end electronics of the NA62 Gigatracker: challenges, design and experimental measurements

Author: S. Tiuraniemi, E. Martin, G. Dellacasa, L. Perktold, Alexander Kluge, J. Kaplon, Matthew Noy, A. Ceccucci, S. Garbolino, F. Marchetto, S. Martoiu, G. Aglieri Rinella, Pierre Jarron, Angelo Rivetti, M. Morel, Massimiliano Fiorini, and G. Mazza
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Pixel, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Constant fraction discriminator, NA62 experiment, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Front and back ends, Optics, Planar, CMOS, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The beam spectrometer of the NA62 experiment consists of 3 Gigatracker (GTK) stations. Each station comprises a pixel detector of 16 cm 2 active area made of an assembly of 10 readout ASICs bump bonded to a 200 μ m thick pixel silicon sensor, comprising 18000 pixels of 300 μ m × 300 μ m . The main challenge of the NA62 pixel GTK station is the combination of an extremely high kaon/pion beam rate, where the intensity in the center of the beam reaches up to 1.5 Mhit s − 1 mm − 2 together with an extreme time resolution of 100 ps . To date, it is the first silicon tracking system with this time resolution. To face this challenge, the pixel analogue front end has been designed with a peaking time of 4 ns , with a planar silicon sensor operating up to 300 V over depletion. Moreover, the radiation level is severe, 2 × 10 14 1 MeV n e q . cm − 2 per year of operation. Easy replacement of the GTK stations is foreseen as a design requirement. The amount of material of a single station should also be less than 0.5% X 0 to minimize the background, which imposes strong constraints on the mechanics and the cooling system. We report upon the design and architecture of the 2 prototype demonstrator chips both designed in 130 nm CMOS technology, one with a constant fraction discriminator and the time stamp digitisation in each pixel (In-Pixel), and the other with a time-over-threshold discriminator and the processing of the time stamp located in the End of Column (EoC) region at the chip periphery. Some preliminary results are presented.
Published: 2011

217. Elliptic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

Author: Federico Carminati, Anton Alkin, Carlos A. Salgado, T. Dobrowolski, Christophe Furget, Francesco Noferini, J. L. Charvet, V. Fekete, Alexander Akindinov, P. Gros, A. Baldisseri, O. Driga, R. Santo, J. H. Kang, V. Canoa Roman, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, A. K. Bhati, L. Luquin, B. S. Nilsen, T. Aronsson, Nikolai Smirnov, R. Stock, Raphael Noel Tieulent, T.A. Pocheptsov, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, B. Chang, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, Chiara Zampolli, Silvia Arcelli, Paolo Giubellino, Branislav Sitar, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, H. González Santos, L. Manceau, Catia Petta, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, A. Toia, Francesco Riggi, E. Dénes, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Andrew Ivanov, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, Panagiota Foka, Y. Berdnikov, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, A. V. Kazantsev, Werner Riegler, R. Platt, A. Rachevski, F. Piuz, Shingo Sakai, D. De Gruttola, D. T. Larsen, Mihai Petrovici, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, X. Cai, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, E. Fragiacomo, Ian Gardner Bearden, W. Yu, D. Elia, D. Míkowiec, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, C. Bergmann, Andrey Zarochentsev, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, J. W. Harris, G.F. Segato, Paolo Camerini, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, Hans Muller, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, M. A. Mazzoni, S. Sano, L. Vannucci, M. Inaba, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, S. Porteboeuf, Sona Pochybova, Anik Gupta, Renu Bala, C. Hadjidakis, L. K. Mangotra, Ionel Stan, D. I. Patalakha, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, B. Ghidini, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, G. de Cataldo, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, I. Menis, Peter Glassel, F. Soramel, D. C. Vernekohl, Rinaldo Rui, M. Fusco Girard, G. D Erasmo, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Silvia Masciocchi, M. Veldhoen, ShinIchi Esumi, P. Kaliňák, Evgeny Kryshen, Eleazar Cuautle, L. Toscano, B. von Haller, Cinzia Luzzi, Davide Falchieri, Michal Broz, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, Y. Hori, A. Szanto de Toledo, D. Silvermyr, R. N. Singaraju, J. Rak, M. Masera, Markus Fasel, Håvard Helstrup, Constantinos Loizides, C. D. Anson, A. Vyushin, Peter Zahariev Hristov, H. N. Kim, Su Ahn, R. W. Fearick, Roberto Preghenella, Camilla H. Stokkevåg, A. De Falco, M. Wilde, A.G. Fedunov, I. Ilkiv, Evgeny Karpechev, E. Biolcati, G. Aglieri Rinella, Steffen Schreiner, P. Vande Vyvre, Jiri Kral, S. C. Lee, Jon Christopher Wikne, Raimond Snellings, Giacomo Bruno, Michal Petran, D. Hatzifotiadou, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, E. Serradilla, M. Bogolyubsky, A. Maire, Anton Jusko, Ivan Kralik, A. Oskarsson, Miroslav Pikna, S. Fokin, Mario Sitta, Rene Brun, R. Kolevatov, Paola Gianotti, Angela Badala, P. Ostrowski, Giacomo Contin, S. Serci, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, Francesco Barile, L. V. Bravina, Mikhail Malaev, S. Voloshin, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, L. H. González-Trueba, S. Radomski, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Eugen Mudnic, D. Krumbhorn, T. Gunji, Y. Miake, Jorn Henning Putschke, Ante Bilandzic, Michael Linus Knichel, Renaud Vernet, H. Buesching, C. Klein-Bösing, M. R. Girard, K. Watanabe, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, A. S. Nyanin, W. J. Park, P. A. Scott, Bedangadas Mohanty, Roberta Ferretti, Benjamin Donigus, V. Altini, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, M. Sukhorukov, G. S. Pappalardo, P. G. Kuijer, Nicolas Bock, Joakim Nystrand, Junlee Kim, J. Castillo Castellanos, Y. Sibiriak, R. Gemme, G.S. Shabratova, J. P. Wessels, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, W. Jung, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, C. Bombonati, Federico Ronchetti, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Mikhail Ippolitov, G. Dellacasa, Fatima Padilla, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, M. Kretz, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Paolo Pagano, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, Angelo Rivetti, Andre Mischke, Z. L. Matthews, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, C. Ivan, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Neetika Sharma, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, D. Hasch, F. Rettig, Marta Verweij, A. Jacholkowski, K. Shigaki, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, J. G. Contreras, I. Rusanov, D. P. Mahapatra, S. Gadrat, F. Blanco, Y. Kucheriaev, A. Uras, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, S. Aguilar Salazar, Filippo Costa, T.M. Steinbeck, V. Wagner, E. G. Ferreiro, F. Navach, Maria Vasileiou, Markus Konrad Kohler, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Marian Krivda, E. Almaráz Aviña, S.A. Sadovsky, Takafumi Niida, G. M. Urciuoli, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Christian Claude Kuhn, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, F. Tosello, I. Yushmanov, Anju Bhasin, Oliver Busch, Pradip Kumar Sahu, M. Krus, A. M. Gago, A. M. Rossi, R. De Remigis, Satyajit Jena, Adrian Sevcenco, D. Budnikov, C. Guerra Gutierrez, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Janka Vrlakova, Tomoya Tsuji, V. Paticchio, C. Lara, J. Seo, Krzysztof Redlich, M. Kliemant, T. M. Cormier, H. Appelshäuser, Marian Putis, L. Jirden, Rosario Nania, P. Cerello, G. Herrera Corral, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, G. A. Feofilov, Lawrence Pinsky, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, B. K. Srivastava, Jochen Klein, F. Bossú, Rosario Turrisi, D. Hasegan, A. R. Reolon, Fabrizio Coccetti, Vito Manzari, A. Baldit, S. P. Jayarathna, Shiming Yang, Z. Buthelezi, Jana Bielcikova, Sergey Nikolaev, M. Bombara, Sergey Kiselev, M. Zhalov, Ajay Kumar Dash, Sergio Vergara, Jørgen André Lien, J. D. Tapia Takaki, A. A. Rademakers, Michal Sumbera, R. Ichou, G. Stefanek, J. Newby, Deepa Thomas, Myunggeun Song, N. Pitz, Stefan Kirsch, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Sebastian Kalcher, Bjarte Kileng, Sven Gotovac, M. Steinpreis, R. Romita, Andreas Morsch, Vladimir Nikulin, Eugenio Scapparone, Maria Haiduc, S. K. Oh, N. Zaviyalov, A. De Azevedo Moregula, R. Smakal, Boris Hippolyte, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, Kalliopi Kanaki, A. Pesci, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, M. Mastromarco, M. Basile, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, R. de Rooij, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Leonid Vinogradov, V. Chibante Barroso, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Jurgen Schukraft, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, Y. Kwon, Peter Graham Jones, H. Torii, Stefano Piano, M. Morando, Alexander Kluge, Dosatsu Sakata, H. Borel, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, A. A. Vinogradov, Vladimir Samsonov, Raghunath Sahoo, Y. Zoccarato, H. Engel, E. Kang, Valerie Ramillien Barret, K. Das, Rui Ma, I. Otterlund, Christine Nattrass, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Janusz Oleniacz, M. Botje, Christian Lippmann, H. Oeschler, K. Kozlov, A. Musso, Smbat Grigoryan, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, Johanna Stachel, F.F. Guber, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Rainer Martin Schicker, A. K. Dubey, Andrzej Deloff, Andrei Gheata, R. Gomez, I. Kraus, Zubayer Ahammed, T. Sugitate, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, A. Nyatha, L. Aphecetche, Adam Tomasz Matyja, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, Raffaele Grosso, E. Kornaś, Valery Punin, Julien Faivre, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, Christoph Mayer, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, Anthony Robert Timmins, D. Felea, J. Book, E. Crescio, J. Mlynarz, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Andre Augustinus, Laurent Ducroux, C. Garabatos, A. Konevskih, R. Alfaro Molina, T. J. M. Symons, R. Scott, M. Bach, Luciano Ramello, Lijiao Liu, L. Xaplanteris Karampatsos, A. G. Asryan, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Debasish Das, I. Martashvili, V. Pospíšil, Djuvsland, Juha Äystö, A. Peters, P. Saturnini, I. Cortés Maldonado, Florian Painke, Isabel Dominguez, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, P. Zelnicek, J. Midori, Dagmar Adamová, Linda Vickovic, A. Pavlinov, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. B. Kurepin, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, Xing Lu, Ramona Lea, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Ramírez Reyes, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, D. Fabris, S. Lohn, Vladimir Vechernin, C. Lazzeroni, C. Hernández, Yu.N. Pestov, A. Ahmad Masoodi, Boris Batyunya, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Sergey Filchagin, S. Coli, Bikash Sinha, Melinda Siciliano, S. Navin, S. Kox, Vladislav Manko, Stefan Rossegger, N. Grion, A. Zenin, A. Martínez Davalos, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Bogdan Vulpescu, Vladimir Peskov, Artur Krzysztof Szostak, R. Kamermans, Eva Sicking, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Xuan Zhang, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Tatjana Susa, H. Delagrange, A. Nedosekin, Philipp Johannes Luettig, P. Crochet, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, S. Pal, E. Montes, F. Prino, G. Ortona, Klaus Johannes Reygers, D. Vranic, Nicolas Arbor, I. K. Yoo, Vitaly Loginov, M. E. Cotallo, M. Sano, Olja Dordic, J. S. Real, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, L. Leistam, H. Ricaud, O. Villalobos Baillie, J. Pluta, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, M. C. S. Williams, Arturo Tauro, T. P. Sinha, Yu. V. Kharlov, Evgeny Ryabinkin, S. Yasnopolskiy, Y. Vinogradov, Alberto Masoni, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, M. Lenhardt, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, S. Rousseau, R. A. Ricci, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, A. Soloviev, Michele Floris, P. Rosnet, F. Scarlassara, L. Valencia Palomo, Pablo Saiz, Yongwook Baek, Kenneth Francis Read, L. Molnar, P. Rosinský, K. Ozawa, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, Jan Cepila, T. Peitzmann, Bastian Bathen, V. R. Loggins, J. Bartke, Henrik Qvigstad, K. Bugaiev, Petra Riedler, Andrey Vasiliev, Enrico Scomparin, M. Zynovyev, J. Wiechula, K. Ma, D. Truesdale, Dmitry Finogeev, M. Gallio, F. Furano, G. Mazza, M. Venaruzzo, A. Di Mauro, O. Vikhlyantsev, G. Steyn, J. de Cuveland, Philippe Pillot, Chiara Oppedisano, Podist Kurashvili, Y. P. Viyogi, J. Klay, Fiorella Fionda, Y. Mao, B. Espagnon, Rene Bellwied, S. Evrard, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. Nicassio, L. Cunqueiro, G. Puddu, J. Thäder, T. J. Humanic, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, M. R. Cosentino, Davide Caffarri, Igor Altsybeev, Kathrin Koch, L. Riccati, D. S. Hwang, Andrey Reshetin, K. Šafařík, Sergey Nazarenko, A. Ortiz Velasquez, M. Cherney, Betty Abelev, H. Hamagaki, Stefano Bagnasco, Gennady Zinovjev, Dieter Røhrich, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, T. C. Awes, K. Shtejer, T. Breitner, C. Di Giglio, R. Varma, C. Bortolin, Brigitte Cheynis, Z. Vilakazi, Airton Deppman, Seyong Kim, K. Aamodt, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, P. Constantin, V. Nikolic, Giuseppe Giraudo, Alla Maevskaya, Giuseppe Simonetti, M. Vajzer, M. I. Martínez, S. H. Kim, Gunnar Løvhøiden, Anselmo Margotti, S. Beole, C.J. Schmidt, S. Schuchmann, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, M. S. Ganti, Vladimir Ivanov, V. Kushpil, Michele Caselle, P. Petrov, Torsten Alt, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, A. Wilk, G. L. Usai, R. Soltz, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Marek Chojnacki, T. Horaguchi, A. Rakotozafindrabe, K. S. Lee, M. Kim, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Mihaela Gheata, C. Cavicchioli, Frederick Kramer, M. Tavlet, Ara Grigoryan, G. Martínez García, Y. Delgado Mercado, Magnus Mager, Latchezar Betev, P. Mendez Lorenzo, P. Mereu, Pietro Antonioli, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Luisa Cifarelli, W. Peryt, P. González-Zamora, Marco Bregant, Dominik Fehlker, Bruno Alessandro, J. P. Revol, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Tatiana Karavicheva, A. Hayrapetyan, D. Mayani, Federico Antinori, A. Casanova Díaz, A. Vacchi, I. Kisel, S. Böttger, Gerardus Nooren, Ombretta Pinazza, Hiroki Yokoyama, Y. Wang, O. Rademakers, David H. Evans, Tome Anticic, G. Nazarov, E. Del Castillo Sanchez, Kai Schweda, H. Obayashi, A. Ochirov, V. Catanescu, David Michael Rohr, I. Sgura, T. Kalliokoski, A. J. Rubio Montero, Hans Peter Beck, Peter Chochula, L. V. Malinina, R. Janik, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, J. Bán, Roman Lietava, Z. Conesa del Valle, J. Dubuisson, Y. Martynov, Diego Stocco, N. Novitzky, M. Kalisky, Oleg Karavichev, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, S. Senyukov, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, T. Chujo, A. Pulvirenti, Alessandro Grelli, N. Herrmann, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, P. R. Debski, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, N. van der Kolk, D. Emschermann, M. Pachr, Nicola Bianchi, M. Heinz, Lee Stuart Barnby, L. Massacrier, Franco Meddi, Xavier Bernard Lopez, M. J. Kweon, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, Franck Manso, Claude Andre Pruneau, Sadhana Dash, Roberto Barbera, Hege Austrheim Erdal, Y. Le Bornec, P. I. Loenne, Anton Andronic, Zhongbao Yin, M. Hartig, S. Sharma, A. De Caro, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, R. Grajcarek, S. Huber, P. G. Innocenti, Madan M. Aggarwal, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, M. Fragkiadakis, Haijun Yang, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, D. Di Bari, P. T. Hille, Rajeev Singh, Jihye Song, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, Ana Maria Marin, Dayong Wang, D. Perini, Haaland, L. Jancurová, J.A. Mares, Grazia Luparello, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, M. van Leeuwen, Hyungsuk Son, S. K. Pal, H. Bøggild, E. Stenlund, Dmitry Mal'kevich, D. W. Kim, J. Lehnert, D. Perrino, Igor Pshenichnov, I. Das, A. Klovning, R. Kour, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Jan Figiel, Cenek Zach, Jovan Milosevic, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, M. Estienne, K. K. Loo, I. León Monzón, Vikas Singhal, Antonino Zichichi, Andrea Alici, E. Berdermann, C. Cicalo, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, E. Chiavassa, Dai-Mei Zhou, R. Baldini Ferroli, A. Silenzi, Vladimir Kaplin, H. León Vargas, Yves Roland Schutz, Marek Kowalski, M. A. Lisa, Guy Paic, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, M. Heide, Nazeer Ahmad, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, H. Jung, A. Blanc, Roberto Divia, G. Viesti, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, C. Søgaard, Elisa Incani, J. H. Thomas, I. Garishvili, Federico Cindolo, L. Šándor, Pietro Cortese, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Ulrich Fuchs, B. Hicks, M. López Noriega, T. S. Räihä, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, D. J. Kim, J. Urban, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Sergey Gorbunov, Frederic Lefevre, H. H. Gutbrod, C.W. Fabjan, D. S. Kim, Andres Sandoval, Roberta Arnaldi, Filip Krizek, Ken Oyama, Claudio Geuna, C. Suire, Jean-Yves Grossiord, C. Tagridis, Meidana Huang, G. T. Jones, X. Sanchez Castro, Romualdo Santoro, Gilda Scioli, Peter Braun-Munzinger, C. E. Pérez Lara, A. G. Agocs, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, M. Rammler, T. Krawutschke, R. Averbeck, Premomoy Ghosh, Sami Sakari Rasanen, J. Ulery, Andrew Marshall Adare, A. Khanzadeev, E. Calvo Villar, Xing-Bo Yuan, R. Wan, Alessandro Ferretti, Sergey Nikulin, Ralf Keidel, M. Germain, Peter Levai, G. Stefanini, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Volker Lindenstruth, A. Borissov, Francesca Bellini, Christian Holm Christensen, D. Tlusty, Alexander Mamonov, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, D. R. Gangadharan, F. Nendaz, Cristina Terrevoli, E. Nappi, V. Demanov, and F. Carena
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Elliptic flow, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2 < p(t) < 5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v(2), measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 +/- 0.002(stat) +/- 0.003(syst) in the 40%-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v(2)(p(t)) reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p(t) = 3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.
Published: 2010

218. Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Central Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV

Author: A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, D. C. Vernekohl, Sven Gotovac, I. Kraus, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, A. Klovning, Rinaldo Rui, M. Fusco Girard, G. D Erasmo, R. de Rooij, Madan M. Aggarwal, Sanjib Sharma, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Haijun Yang, Giacomo Ortona, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Linda Vickovic, L. K. Mangotra, J. de Cuveland, J. Mlynarz, L. Aphecetche, Andrey Reshetin, Silvia Arcelli, D. Di Bari, Cenek Zach, P. T. Hille, Cinzia Luzzi, Jihye Song, Jiri Kral, M. Heinz, Lee Stuart Barnby, L. Massacrier, Xavier Bernard Lopez, M. J. Kweon, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, Ionel Stan, M. Kim, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, T. C. Awes, P. I. Loenne, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Anton Andronic, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, M. Hartig, A. De Caro, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, P. G. Innocenti, Ian Gardner Bearden, D. Fabris, V. Nikolic, J. L. Charvet, Tinku Sarkar Sinha, Xianbao Yuan, Vladimir Vechernin, T. Chujo, Fiorella Fionda, Y. Mao, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Alessandro Grelli, M. S. Ganti, J. S. Kim, J. Thäder, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, V. Fekete, A. Zenin, Alexander Akindinov, Alexey Kuryakin, P. Gros, C. D. Anson, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, E. Kornaś, Valery Punin, P. R. Debski, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, N. van der Kolk, S.A. Zaporozhets, Andrea Alici, D. Emschermann, M. Pachr, Artur Krzysztof Szostak, R. Kamermans, E. Berdermann, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Nicola Bianchi, Chiara Zampolli, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, R. Kolevatov, Amalia Pop, Haaland, Filimon Roukoutakis, B. Grinyov, Eva Sicking, Adriana Telesca, David Michael Rohr, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, J. G. Contreras, V. Altini, Rachid Guernane, Nicolas Arbor, Francesco Noferini, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, M. A. Mazzoni, Ulrich Fuchs, E. Biolcati, Paolo Giubellino, L. Manceau, E. Chiavassa, Dai-Mei Zhou, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, M. Cherney, C. Cavicchioli, I. Sgura, B. Ghidini, Guy Paic, S. Coli, T. Kalliokoski, Peter Glassel, C. Bombonati, Thomas Michael Cormier, Federico Ronchetti, Andre Mischke, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, S. Beole, A. Vyushin, Frederick Kramer, Peter Zahariev Hristov, T. Pocheptsov, M. Tavlet, R. Santo, J. H. Kang, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, R. N. Singaraju, J. Rak, Su Ahn, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, E. López Torres, Bedangadas Mohanty, Meidana Huang, A. Kolojvari, E. Dénes, A. I. Pavlinov, X. Cai, T. Aronsson, M. Steinpreis, R. Romita, Petr Zavada, M. Rammler, Ionut Christian Arsene, A. V. Kazantsev, Cristian Andrei, B. Polichtchouk, Evgeny Zabrodin, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, S. Navin, J. S. Real, Mikhail Malaev, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, L. Jancurová, R. W. Fearick, Francesco Barile, L. V. Bravina, J.A. Mares, E. Kang, J. Y. Grossiord, C. Ivan, Andrey Zarochentsev, M. Bogolyubsky, A. Jacholkowski, Pradip Kumar Sahu, M. Krus, S. Porteboeuf, D. Perrino, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, M. Sukhorukov, G. S. Pappalardo, Nikolai Smirnov, Joakim Nystrand, R. Stock, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Premomoy Ghosh, T. Peitzmann, O. Vikhlyantsev, M. C. S. Williams, C. Bergmann, Bastian Bathen, Arturo Tauro, Davide Falchieri, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, Sami Sakari Rasanen, T.M. Steinbeck, I. Menis, Roberto Divia, A. J. Rubio Montero, Hans Peter Beck, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, J. W. Harris, W. W. Jung, ShinIchi Esumi, Michal Broz, Andrew Marshall Adare, S. Kox, G. Hamar, J. H. Kim, F. Furano, L. V. Malinina, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Fatima Padilla, P. Kaliňák, D. Silvermyr, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, Igor Pshenichnov, L. Jirden, I. Das, A. Khanzadeev, Rosario Nania, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, P. G. Kuijer, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, M. van Leeuwen, Hyungsuk Son, J. Seo, Angelo Rivetti, D. Budnikov, V. Wagner, E. G. Ferreiro, K. Ma, Henrik Qvigstad, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, L. Leistam, Håvard Helstrup, R. Janik, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Sona Pochybova, J. Bán, M. Germain, P. A. Scott, M. Gallio, Benjamin Donigus, S. Evrard, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, M. G. Poghosyan, F. Navach, A. R. Reolon, Roman Lietava, S. K. Pal, J. H. Thomas, W. J. Park, Markus Fasel, M. Masera, Jan Figiel, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. López Noriega, M. Nicassio, M. Bombara, Jovan Milosevic, A. Maire, G. Dellacasa, Anton Jusko, Natasha Sharma, Ivan Kralik, A. Oskarsson, Miroslav Pikna, S. Fokin, Mario Sitta, Satyajit Jena, Giacomo Contin, B. Chang, G.S. Shabratova, J. P. Wessels, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Constantinos Loizides, Igor Altsybeev, Adrian Sevcenco, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, Anik Gupta, L. Cunqueiro, Z. L. Matthews, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, Nicolas Bock, Tatjana Susa, H. Delagrange, I. Garishvili, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Paolo Pagano, M. Estienne, V. Kushpil, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, K. K. Loo, Sergio Serci, Rosario Turrisi, J. Wiechula, Branislav Sitar, Catia Petta, C. Guerra Gutierrez, V. Petráček, Janka Vrlakova, B. Espagnon, Federico Cindolo, L. Šándor, H. Bøggild, E. Stenlund, J. Lehnert, Y. Martynov, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, J. Newby, N. Pitz, Stefan Kirsch, V. Chibante Barroso, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Pietro Cortese, Janusz Oleniacz, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, D. Hasegan, Vladimir Samsonov, I. Otterlund, Christine Nattrass, Eugen Mudnic, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. Nedosekin, O. Villalobos Baillie, R. A. Ricci, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, A. Soloviev, Andrey Vasiliev, Airton Deppman, Giuseppe Giraudo, Alla Maevskaya, M. I. Martínez, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Klaus Johannes Reygers, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, R. Kour, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, L. Xaplanteris Karampatsos, A. G. Asryan, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, Yu.N. Pestov, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Xuan Zhang, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Philipp Johannes Luettig, D. P. Mahapatra, S. Gadrat, V. Grigoriev, Y. Corrales Morales, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Marek Chojnacki, A. Rakotozafindrabe, H. Torii, K. Kozlov, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Seyong Kim, K. Aamodt, S. Lohn, S. Rousseau, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, J. Castillo Castellanos, Y. Sibiriak, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Toia, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, Y. Berdnikov, Enrico Scomparin, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, Markus Konrad Kohler, Camilla H. Stokkevåg, A. De Falco, G. Martínez García, P. Crochet, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, C.J. Schmidt, Olja Dordic, H. Ricaud, Volker Lindenstruth, A. Masoni, Francesca Bellini, E. Almaráz Aviña, B. Hicks, S. Schuchmann, I. León Monzón, M. Wilde, A.G. Fedunov, Steffen Schreiner, P. Vande Vyvre, T. Gunji, Y. Miake, Vladislav Manko, Bogdan Vulpescu, Vladimir Peskov, C. Cicalo, Laurent Ducroux, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Alessandro Ferretti, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, Y. Schutz, Juha Äystö, F. Lefèvre, P. González-Zamora, Jørgen André Lien, M. Morando, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, A. A. Vinogradov, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, Christian Holm Christensen, Isabel Dominguez, R. Shahoyan, I. K. Yoo, Werner Riegler, H. Buesching, S.A. Sadovsky, Kathrin Koch, L. Riccati, Silvia Masciocchi, Hyun-Chul Kim, Vladimir Ivanov, Sergey Nazarenko, Betty Abelev, Rene Brun, L. H. González-Trueba, T. S. Räihä, M. R. Girard, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, M. Kretz, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Takafumi Niida, G. M. Urciuoli, D. J. Kim, Dominik Fehlker, F. Blanco, C. Di Giglio, C. Bortolin, Hannes Jung, A. Matyja, J. Urban, A. Ahmad Masoodi, Sergey Gorbunov, A. Martínez Davalos, Michele Floris, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, A. G. Agocs, Michele Caselle, P. Petrov, H. H. Gutbrod, Torsten Alt, A. Wilk, F. Carena, R. Ferretti, Bruno Alessandro, D. Tlusty, M. Kliemant, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, F. Tosello, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, Christian Claude Kuhn, T. Krawutschke, R. Soltz, G. A. Feofilov, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, Maria Vasileiou, Andres Sandoval, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, J. P. Revol, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Alexander Mamonov, Mikhail Ippolitov, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Roberta Arnaldi, A. Konevskih, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, A. Peters, Tatiana Karavicheva, J. Bartke, V. Paticchio, Z. Buthelezi, A. Baldit, H. Appelshäuser, M. Vajzer, S. P. Jayarathna, Shiming Yang, Gunnar Løvhøiden, M. Zhalov, P. Cerello, T. Horaguchi, Kalliopi Kanaki, Chiara Oppedisano, C.W. Fabjan, K. Bugaiev, Petra Riedler, A. Hayrapetyan, D. Mayani, Anton Alkin, T. Dobrowolski, P. Pillot, A. A. Rademakers, Anselmo Margotti, R. Smakal, Jana Bielcikova, N. Zaviyalov, Gennady Zinovjev, Federico Carminati, Dieter Røhrich, Ramona Lea, M. Venaruzzo, G. Steyn, Sebastian Kalcher, E. Calvo Villar, R. Wan, Sergey Nikolaev, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, G. Mazza, A. Di Mauro, Filip Krizek, X. Sanchez Castro, Romualdo Santoro, A. Vacchi, Y. Le Bornec, Sergey Nikulin, D. R. Gangadharan, Gilda Scioli, K. Shtejer, Bjarte Kileng, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, J. Klay, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, Vikas Singhal, Ken Oyama, Claudio Geuna, C. Suire, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Tomoya Tsuji, R. Averbeck, O. Rademakers, David H. Evans, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, G. Luparello, Antonino Zichichi, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Michael Linus Knichel, Deepa Thomas, Lijiao Liu, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, F. Nendaz, M. Fragkiadakis, Cristina Terrevoli, Krzysztof Redlich, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, A. Baldisseri, Valeria Muccifora, G.F. Segato, Giuseppe Viesti, Eugenio Scapparone, R. Baldini Ferroli, C. Tagridis, Peter Graham Jones, R. Platt, V. Pospíšil, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. Musso, Myunggeun Song, E. Del Castillo Sanchez, Kai Schweda, J. Ulery, A. Rachevski, A. Ochirov, Fabrizio Coccetti, A. Silenzi, G. T. Jones, Vladimir Kaplin, Marian Putis, Claude Andre Pruneau, Sadhana Dash, Roberto Barbera, E. Nappi, Zhongbao Yin, H. León Vargas, Smbat Grigoryan, A. B. Kurepin, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, B. S. Nilsen, B. Cheynis, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, D. Miśkowiec, Ralf Keidel, Rainer Martin Schicker, Jurgen Schukraft, K. Das, Diego Stocco, Christian Lippmann, L. Vannucci, M. Inaba, M. Lenhardt, Marek Kowalski, A. K. Dubey, Shih-Chang Lee, D. I. Patalakha, Andrzej Deloff, R. Grajcarek, S. Huber, G. de Cataldo, M. A. Lisa, V. Demanov, H. González Santos, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Andrew Ivanov, Sandra Moretto, M. Veldhoen, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Levai, Peter Martin Jacobs, Michal Sumbera, Julien Faivre, Jon Christopher Wikne, Giacomo Bruno, M. Heide, D. Felea, J. Book, A. De Azevedo Moregula, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Michal Petran, R. Ichou, Fernando Scarlassara, Rajeev Singh, M. Basile, Andre Augustinus, A. Blanc, Y. Kwon, D. Hatzifotiadou, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, G. Stefanini, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, Paola Gianotti, Djuvsland, C. Søgaard, Elisa Incani, Renaud Vernet, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, C. Klein-Bösing, C. Hernández, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Dosatsu Sakata, Ana Maria Marin, Angela Badala, Renu Bala, Vito Manzari, P. Ostrowski, K. Watanabe, D. S. Kim, Dayong Wang, Rui Ma, D. Perini, W. Yu, D. Vranic, Christoph Mayer, T. J. M. Symons, Andrei Gheata, R. Gomez, F. Guber, Hans Muller, Vitaly Loginov, Mihaela Gheata, Xing Lu, S. Sano, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Ramírez Reyes, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Stefan Rossegger, Evgeny Kryshen, I. Cortés Maldonado, L. Luquin, Y. Kucheriaev, S. Aguilar Salazar, S. H. Kim, S. Pal, E. Montes, F. Prino, Y. Delgado Mercado, Magnus Mager, Pablo Saiz, Yongwook Baek, Kenneth Francis Read, L. Toscano, P. Mendez Lorenzo, R. De Remigis, Evgeny Karpechev, G. Aglieri Rinella, P. Mereu, Pietro Antonioli, J. D. Tapia Takaki, Luisa Cifarelli, Roberto Preghenella, W. Peryt, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, D. S. Hwang, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, Jan Cepila, Sergio Vergara, Y. Zoccarato, H. Engel, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, Podist Kurashvili, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, Debasish Das, J. Midori, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, A. S. Nyanin, Y. P. Viyogi, G. Puddu, Do-Won Kim, T. J. Humanic, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, K. Šafařík, H. Hamagaki, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Kyong Sei Lee, T. Breitner, R. Varma, Z. Vilakazi, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Giuseppe Simonetti, M. E. Cotallo, Yu. V. Kharlov, S. Yasnopolskiy, P. Rosnet, K. Ozawa, Marian Krivda, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, F. Piuz, Shingo Sakai, G. Herrera Corral, Eleazar Cuautle, Lawrence Pinsky, Sun Kun Oh, Jochen Klein, Y. Hori, A. Szanto de Toledo, Sergey Kiselev, S. Radomski, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Ante Bilandzic, Andreas Morsch, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, A. Pesci, F. Rettig, Marta Verweij, K. Shigaki, I. Rusanov, A. Uras, Stefano Piano, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, A. Rossi, T. Sugitate, A. Nyatha, R. Alfaro Molina, R. Scott, Dagmar Adamová, Boris Batyunya, M. Sano, J. Pluta, Federico Antinori, Evgeny Ryabinkin, A. Casanova Díaz, I. Kisel, L. Molnar, F. Bossú, P. Rosinský, M. Zynovyev, D. Truesdale, Dmitry Finogeev, S. Böttger, Gerardus Nooren, Ombretta Pinazza, Hiroki Yokoyama, Rene Bellwied, Alexander Kluge, Zubayer Ahammed, M. R. Cosentino, Y. Wang, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, Giulio Usai, C. Garabatos, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, P. Constantin, P. Saturnini, P. Zelnicek, L. Ramello, Raimond Snellings, D. Krumbhorn, Tome Anticic, G. Nazarov, R. Gemme, A. M. Gago, H. Obayashi, M. Mastromarco, Leonid Vinogradov, Bikash Sinha, Melinda Siciliano, N. Grion, Johanna Stachel, E. Crescio, M. Bach, O. Driga, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, C. Lazzeroni, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, A. Fernández Téllez, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Franck Manso, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, D. Hasch, Hege Austrheim Erdal, Filippo Costa, I. Yushmanov, Oliver Busch, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, B. K. Srivastava, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Ajay Kumar Dash, G. Stefanek, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Francesca Soramel, V. Catanescu, Peter Chochula, Z. Conesa del Valle, J. Dubuisson, N. Novitzky, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, M. Kalisky, Oleg Karavichev, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, S. Senyukov, A. Pulvirenti, N. Herrmann, D. De Gruttola, D. T. Larsen, Mihai Petrovici, Ara Grigoryan, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, B. von Haller, and H. Borel
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract: The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most central 5% of the hadronic cross section, the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles at midrapidity is 1584 +/- 4(stat) +/- 76(syst), which corresponds to 8.3 +/- 0.4(syst) per participating nucleon pair. This represents an increase of about a factor 1.9 relative to pp collisions at similar collision energies, and about a factor 2.2 to central Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 0.2 TeV. This measurement provides the first experimental constraint for models of nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies.
Published: 2010

219. A 15μW 12-bit dynamic range charge measuring front-end in 0.13μm CMOS

Author: L. Toscano, Thanushan Kugathasan, Angelo Rivetti, and G. Mazza
Subjects: Physics, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, 12-bit, Dynamic range, Detector, Electrical engineering, Capacitance, Front and back ends, CMOS, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, business
Abstract: A 100μm × 100μm readout cell with a power consumption of 15μW and optimized for 12 bits dynamic range is presented. This circuit has been developed to readout the hybrid pixel sensors for the Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) of the PANDA experiment at GSI. The readout architecture is based on the Time-over-Threshold technique which allows to achieve low-power charge measurement with a high dynamic range. The front-end has been designed to handle input charges up to 100f C. The analog building blocks are described in detail, focusing the attention on the main design challenges: the dynamic range limitation, the implementation of a compact filter for the leakage compensation, and the management of the mismatch effects. A first prototype has been designed and produced in a CMOS 0.13μm technology and the test results are discussed. Given the very low-power consumption and the small size of the readout cell it is interesting to employ it as a compact digitizer for other applications. Preliminary studies have been done to extend this concept to the readout of double sided strip sensors of the PANDA MVD.
Published: 2010

220. Experimental results from a pixel front-end for the NA62 experiment with on pixel constant fraction discriminator and 100 ps Time to Digital Converter

Author: J. Kaplon, G. Dellacasa, A. Ceccucci, F. Marchetto, Pierre Jarron, Petra Riedler, G. Mazza, S. Garbolino, Matthew Noy, Massimiliano Fiorini, S. Chiozzi, Angelo Rivetti, E. Martin Albarran, S. Martoiu, Alexander Kluge, Richard Wheadon, and A. Cotta Ramusino
Subjects: Time-to-digital converter, Front and back ends, Physics, Transimpedance amplifier, Analog front-end, Pixel, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Constant fraction discriminator, NA62 experiment
Abstract: The paper presents test results of a front-end ASIC developed for fast timing applications with silicon pixel detectors. Implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS process, the prototype integrates 107 read-out cells. In an area of 300 μm × 300 μm each cell incorporates a fast transimpedance amplifier with 3 ns peaking time, a Constant Fraction Discriminator (CFD) and a Time to Digital Converter (TDC). The analog front-end is optimized for signals from 1 fC to 10 fC and dissipates lmW from a 1.2 V supply. Electrical tests of the key building blocks and system level aspects are discussed in the paper.
Published: 2010

221. Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations inppcollisions ats=900 GeV

Author: F. Piuz, C. Baumann, Csaba Soos, L. K. Mangotra, M. Kutouski, Eleazar Cuautle, K. Mizoguchi, Y. Hori, A. Szanto de Toledo, Trine Spedstad Tveter, J. Kapitan, Chiara Zampolli, Sara Vallero, Vladimir Samsonov, C.W. Fabjan, T. Iwasaki, P. Pillot, I. Otterlund, Madan M. Aggarwal, S. Radomski, A. G. Asryan, I. Martashvili, Ken Oyama, Francesco Noferini, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Ante Bilandzic, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, G. Bourdaud, J. F. Castillo Hernandez, Marta Verweij, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, V. Altini, E. Dénes, A. Uras, A. I. Pavlinov, A. B. Kaidalov, S. Lohn, J. Mlynarz, B. Polichtchouk, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, A. Borisov, D. Y.-U. Peressounko, Andrey Reshetin, A. Fernández Téllez, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Kyong Sei Lee, Jan Rak, Massimo Masera, Jean-Yves Grossiord, M. E. Cotallo, C. Pérez, C. Tagridis, Yu. V. Kharlov, S. Yasnopolskiy, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Sang Un Ahn, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Adela Kravcakova, Ulrich Fuchs, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Neetika Sharma, Kirill Voloshin, D. Hasch, N. Willis, V. Catanescu, J. Newby, N. Pitz, J. H. Kang, Federico Ronchetti, Andre Mischke, F. Painke, Marcello Lunardon, Stefan Kirsch, V. Chibante Barroso, V. Nikolic, A. Jacholkowski, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, Krzysztof Redlich, Raghunath Sahoo, W. W. Jung, P. Kaliňák, Peter Chochula, Christophe Pierre Suire, Marian Putis, I. Sgura, C. D. Anson, Z. Conesa del Valle, J. Dubuisson, V. Zycháček, Q. Wen, G. T. Jones, Shih-Chang Lee, V. Chambert, F. Lackner, Filippo Costa, V. I. Yurevich, Rosario Turrisi, Oliver Busch, Magdalena Malek, J. Zhu, Davide Falchieri, M. Cherney, S. Hu, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Subrata Pal, I. Hřivnáčová, Marian Ivanov, D. Di Bari, M. S. Ganti, Valerie Ramillien Barret, P. R. Pujahari, D. Hasegan, T. Kalliokoski, R. Kolevatov, G. Mazza, A. Di Mauro, Z. Fodor, M. Krus, H. Oeschler, N. Novitzky, E. Biolcati, A. Zepeda, Y. Okada, V. Angelov, L. Toscano, S. Prasad, L. Wallet, P. T. Hille, M. Szuba, S. Esumi, M. Irfan, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Nicolas Bock, Alberto Masoni, Martin Vala, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Chitrasen Jena, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, F. Furano, Federico Carminati, G. Luparello, P.A. Polozov, Bedangadas Mohanty, R. Glasow, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, Fiorella Fionda, Y. Mao, Ajay Kumar Dash, G. Stefanek, Meidana Huang, K. Aamodt, Paolo Giubellino, Philippe Crochet, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, L. Jirden, M. Kalisky, Roberta Ferretti, Oleg Karavichev, Benjamin Donigus, Rosario Nania, Junlee Kim, S. Gorbunov, A. J. Rubio-Montero, J. Bielcikova, Haavard Helstrup, Alberica Toia, Lijiao Liu, A. Klovning, Y. Maruyama, M. Rammler, S. Antinori, Paolo Pagano, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, R. Platt, J. S. Kim, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, T.M. Steinbeck, J. Ulery, G. Odyniec, Pietro Cortese, S. Senyukov, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, L. Cunqueiro, A. Rachevski, Premomoy Ghosh, Xing-Bo Yuan, Philippe Rosnet, T. S. Räihä, H. A. Gustafsson, Sven Gotovac, L. Manceau, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, Atsushi Takahara, E. Chiavassa, M. Bombara, C. Cavicchioli, I. Makhlyueva, A. Pulvirenti, F. Yermia, N. Herrmann, E. Cattaruzza, M. De Gaspari, D. Krumbhorn, A. A. Vinogradov, R. Gemme, Frederick Kramer, T. Krawutschke, M. Tavlet, A. Tournaire, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, F. Formenti, Hyun-Chul Kim, L. V. Malinina, R. Janik, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, J. Bán, C. Hernández, Janka Vrlakova, V. Wagner, L. Vannucci, J. Pouthas, R. de Rooij, Alessandro Grelli, Z. L. Matthews, H.R. Gulkanyan, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Carlos A. Salgado, Roman Lietava, T. Horaguchi, A. Punin, Christophe Furget, S. Bablok, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Francesca Soramel, Thomas Michael Cormier, E. G. Ferreiro, R. Gómez Jiménez, Ralf Keidel, Sami Sakari Rasanen, F. Osmic, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, E. López Torres, Tatsuya Chujo, A. Kolojvari, Paul Constantin, R. A. Soltz, F. Tosello, Anju Bhasin, G. Conesa Balbastre, C. Lara, Peter Martin Jacobs, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Jon Christopher Wikne, T. Tolyhy, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, A. Martínez Davalos, A. Hayrapetyan, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Ian Gardner Bearden, A. Matyja, Andrea Alici, E. Berdermann, Sergey Nazarenko, O. V. Fateev, K. J. Malagalage, Adrian Sevcenco, Lokesh Kumar, G. A. Feofilov, A. Baldit, Giacomo Bruno, G. P. Capitani, A. Nianine, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Pablo Saiz, Yongwook Baek, Peter Levai, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, Kenneth Francis Read, I. Vetlitskiy, E. Kornaś, Valery Punin, M. I. Martínez Hernández, M. A. Braun, S. Kapusta, R. Bellwied, S.A. Zaporozhets, D. De Gruttola, D. T. Larsen, H. Tydesjö, J. Urban, Andrey Zarochentsev, I. Rusanov, J. de Cuveland, Mihai Petrovici, Yu.N. Pestov, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, Henning Kværnø, Ara Grigoryan, G. Sharkov, D. Elia, H. Taureg, M. Zhalov, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, C. Di Giglio, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, A. Konevskih, A. Peters, M. Mastromarco, Leonid Vinogradov, D. M.M. Don, Vito Manzari, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Dai-Mei Zhou, Vladimir Vechernin, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, C. Bortolin, Brigitte Cheynis, Franck Manso, Hannes Jung, Adriana Telesca, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, Podist Kurashvili, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Xuan Zhang, A. K. Bhati, A. Kamal, Y. P. Viyogi, G. Puddu, H. H. Gutbrod, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, I. Kraus, Michal Sumbera, A. Colla, Laurent Ducroux, M. Basile, M. A. Mazzoni, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, B. Ghidini, T. J. Humanic, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, Anselmo Margotti, Giacomo Ortona, K. Šafařík, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, Peter Glassel, Gyulnara Eyyubova, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, M. Botje, Andres Sandoval, Raffaele Grosso, Roberta Arnaldi, A. I. Zinchenko, G. Stefanini, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, A. Maire, Anton Jusko, Ivan Kralik, Ozgur Cobanoglu, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, R. Arceo, Rui Ma, N. van der Kolk, R. Kamermans, Eva Sicking, Dosatsu Sakata, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Johannes Peter Wessels, M. Meoni, R. Tanabe, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, Mikhail Malaev, E. Simili, M. Fragkiadakis, Johanna Stachel, H. S. Lee, R. N. Singaraju, E. S. Conner, Cristian Andrei, Nazeer Ahmad, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, C. Ivan, Olja Dordic, H. Ricaud, J. Peyré, Dong Jo Kim, F. Minafra, J. Wiechula, G.F. Segato, G. de Cataldo, I. Vassiliev, Juha Äystö, Isabel Dominguez, S. Coli, R. W. Fearick, Francesco Barile, L. V. Bravina, Giuseppe Viesti, Andrei Gheata, Y. Delgado, V. Pospíšil, Giacomo Contin, M. Pachr, Nicola Bianchi, E. Kang, C. Yang, J. Thäder, G.S. Shabratova, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, T. P. Sinha, D. Budnikov, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, S. Navin, T. Breitner, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Linda Vickovic, Silvia Arcelli, Y. G. Kim, E. Crescio, D. Fabris, M. Bach, R. Varma, L. Bosisio, Z. Vilakazi, N. Le Bris, B. von Haller, J. S. Real, A. Abramyan, Ki-Seok Choi, Motoi Inaba, F. Bossú, G. Russo, Alexander Kluge, Radiy Ilkaev, G. de Vaux, U. Abeysekara, F. Carena, A. G. Agocs, F. Blanco, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, J. Bohm, Bastian Bathen, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, G. D'Erasmo, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, G. Tröger, Seyong Kim, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, Angela Badala, A.S. Vodopianov, P. Ostrowski, I. Cortés Maldonado, Taku Gunji, K. Watanabe, Joakim Nystrand, Ionut Cristian Arsene, M. C. S. Williams, Fatima Padilla, A. Dobrin, A. R. Reolon, G. Bruckner, R. Vernet, M. Heinz, Lee Stuart Barnby, L. Massacrier, Toru Sugitate, Markus Fasel, S. Serci, D. Miśkowiec, Giuseppe Simonetti, D. P. Kikola, V.A. Polyakov, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Michele Floris, Arturo Tauro, Ralf Peter Averbeck, F.F. Guber, Zubayer Ahammed, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, A. V. Kazantsev, Volker Lindenstruth, N. Miftakhov, C. Lazzeroni, S. Kalcher, C. Garabatos, Dominik Fehlker, Federico Cindolo, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Zenin, K. Ma, L. Šándor, Jogender Saini, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, M. G. Poghosyan, F. Navach, Anand Kumar Dubey, Y. Kucheriaev, D. Emschermann, S. Aguilar Salazar, Romualdo Santoro, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Ramírez Reyes, K. Antipin, V. Dobretsov, Sergey Filchagin, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, M. Kim, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Gilda Scioli, Barbara Guerzoni, C. Lal, H. Torii, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, R. López-Ramírez, H. Pereira, P. Saturnini, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, P. Zelnicek, W. Sommer, Vladislav Manko, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Anton Andronic, Tatjana Susa, Federico Antinori, A. Casanova Díaz, I. Kisel, A. Nedosekin, R. De Remigis, D. Soyk, J. D. Tapia Takaki, G. Laurenti, Bogdan Vulpescu, H. Gottschlag, D. S. Hwang, Boris Batyunya, Stefan Rossegger, Sergio Vergara, S. Böttger, J. Symons, H. González Santos, Kathrin Koch, K. Kozlov, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, J. De Groot, L. Riccati, Michele Caselle, P. Petrov, L. Benhabib, Gerardus Nooren, R. Panse, A. Wilk, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Y. Li, Alessandro Ferretti, S. Lu, G. Tsiledakis, Peter Christiansen, S. Román López, Andrew Ivanov, D. P. Mahapatra, Stefania Beole, Vladimir Peskov, Bikash Sinha, Melinda Siciliano, I. K. Yoo, J. P. Revol, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, M. Mohisin Khan, N. Grion, A. Palaha, Navneet Kumar, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Richa Gupta, L. Díaz, M. Hartig, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Wan, T. Alt, S. Sharma, Mitali Mondal, Chiara Oppedisano, B. H. Han, O. Villalobos Baillie, T. Peitzmann, R. A. Ricci, Sergey Nikulin, O. Vikhlyantsev, Ombretta Pinazza, E. Siddi, Hiroki Yokoyama, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, C. Torcato de Matos, A. Soloviev, X. Cai, B. Hicks, T. Malkiewicz, Alexei Khanzadeev, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, Y. Zoccarato, E. Montes, F. Prino, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, A. De Caro, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, N. Abel, H. Bøggild, G. Tejeda Muñoz, D. S. Kim, A. Charpy, M. Sano, Sona Pochybova, P. G. Innocenti, Anik Gupta, G. S. Pappalardo, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Vikas Singhal, Antonino Zichichi, Andrey Vasiliev, Gennady Zinovjev, R. Akimoto, J. Bartke, Y. Wang, Christian Holm Christensen, G. Torralba, Enrico Scomparin, Hans Muller, D. Tlusty, J. Pluta, Andreas Petridis, Evgeny Ryabinkin, J. Kral, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, C. Pastore, F. Lefèvre, E. Stenlund, C. Nygaard, J. Sarkamo, P. G. Kuijer, Costin Grigoras, Leonardo Milano, M. Oldenburg, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, S. Rath, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, F. Poggio, Angelo Rivetti, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, B. S. Chang, R. Bala, G. Steyn, G. Anelli, J. Lehnert, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, A. Belogianni, D. Mayani, Satyajit Jena, Valeria Muccifora, A. Vacchi, Mihaela Gheata, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, E. Stan, R.J.M. Snellings, Tomoya Tsuji, P. L.M. Podesta Lerma, A. Silenzi, Alexander Mamonov, A. Pepato, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, A. Glenn, A. Michalon, Dieter Røhrich, L. Molnar, Evgeny Karpechev, A. Anzo, Sébastien Gadrat, G. Aglieri Rinella, K. Shtejer, Vladimir Kaplin, L. Luquin, H. Snow, F. Staley, Tome Anticic, D. Antończyk, Christoph Blume, D. Semenov, Myunggeun Song, Eugen Mudnic, P. Rosinský, Jorn Henning Putschke, R. Kour, D. W. Kim, M. Zynovyev, H. León Vargas, D. Truesdale, J. Hamblen, F. Posa, G. Nazarov, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, S. Zhou, Marek Kowalski, J. Castillo Castellanos, Y. Sibiriak, A. A. Rademakers, Altaf Ahmad, Andrzej Rybicki, R. Kupczak, M. A. Lisa, A. De Falco, R. Smakal, R. Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, A.G. Fedunov, David H. Evans, E. Almaráz Aviña, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, S.A. Sadovsky, G. M. Urciuoli, M. Heide, A. Nyiri, Jurgen Schukraft, Magnus Mager, Christian Lippmann, Christian Claude Kuhn, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, P. Mendez Lorenzo, W. J. Park, H. Appelshäuser, Ketil Røed, P. Cerello, A. Blanc, Sergey Nikolaev, P. Mereu, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Campbell, Steffen Schreiner, A. Frolov, W. Peryt, F. Rettig, F. Nendaz, Cristina Terrevoli, P. Vande Vyvre, A. Harutyunyan, M. Masetti, C. Søgaard, H. León, A. Hiei, Eugenio Scapparone, Julien Faivre, I. León Monzón, Konrad Tywoniuk, E. Nappi, I. Rashevskaya, Djuvsland, V. Demanov, H. K. Soltveit, L. Bimbot, J. Peschek, Rene Brun, Enrique Calvo, L. H. González-Trueba, H. Schindler, K. Okada, C. Cicalo, T. V. Moukhanova, Y. Schutz, Mikhail Ippolitov, Kai Schweda, Igor Pshenichnov, I. Das, Maria Vasileiou, A. M. Rossi, V. Paticchio, Jovan Milosevic, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, B. Pommeresch, M. Estienne, M. R. Cosentino, Alberto Baldisseri, Guy Paic, M. Nicassio, Kalliopi Kanaki, Roberto Divia, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, A. Ochirov, Diego Stocco, B. S. Nilsen, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M. Lenhardt, T.A. Pocheptsov, Sevil Salur, G. Dellacasa, S. Kniege, C. W. Son, C. Bombonati, M. López Noriega, P. A. Scott, Agneta Oskarsson, Branislav Sitar, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Catia Petta, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, Lennart Osterman, Werner Riegler, Jennifer Lynn Klay, J. L. Charvet, K. Schossmaier, V. Fekete, Klaus Johannes Reygers, S. Rousseau, Alexander Akindinov, P. Gros, R. Santo, A. Enokizono, V. Canoa Roman, T. Aronsson, Nikolai Smirnov, R. Stock, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, Alla Maevskaya, C.J. Schmidt, S. Schuchmann, Y. N. Gorbunov, Vladimir Ivanov, An. Zalite, G. L. Usai, C. Guerra, B.V. Zagreev, R. Romita, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, R. P. Scharenberg, Markku Oinonen, S. Kox, G. Hamar, D. Perrino, J. H. Kim, L. Leistam, Yasuo Miake, S. Evrard, C. Klein-Bösing, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, Airton Deppman, Giuseppe Giraudo, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, Rinaldo Rui, M. Fusco Girard, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, J. G. Contreras, Stefano Piano, A. Nyatha, S. Dash, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, Dagmar Adamová, Marian Krivda, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, G. Herrera Corral, Lawrence Pinsky, Jochen Klein, A. Szostak, Sergey Kiselev, Andreas Morsch, A. Palmeri, M. Bregant, Uwe Westerhoff, A. Pesci, T. Virgili, H. Yang, J. W. Harris, Yu.V. Zanevsky, Mauro Gallio, A. Lozea Feijo Soares, Silvia Masciocchi, Kenta Shigaki, Michael Linus Knichel, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Cai Xu, E. Camacho, M. Bogolyubsky, Alexander Kurepin, Marie Germain, Leonid Serkin, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Alexandr Tumkin, F. Chuman, M. Bondila, E. Tsilis, M. Kliemant, V. Basmanov, Raul Arteche Diaz, V. Kushpil, V. Grigoriev, J. Gebelein, Y. Corrales Morales, S. Sano, Evgeny Kryshen, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Marek Chojnacki, S. H. Kim, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, Roberto Preghenella, B. Pastirčák, P. González-Zamora, I. Ilkiv, Bruno Alessandro, E. Serradilla, Z. Buthelezi, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, M. Dialinas, Tatiana Karavicheva, Y. Le Bornec, Bjarte Kileng, A. Marzari Chiesa, Peter Graham Jones, A. Musso, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, P. Stolpovsky, Andrzej Deloff, D. Felea, Andre Augustinus, C. García Trapaga, Haaland, L. Jancurová, J.A. Mares, Matevz Tadel, D. Derkach, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, M. van Leeuwen, Hyungsuk Son, J. Seo, S. K. Pal, Dmitry Mal'kevich, J. R. Lutz, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Barbera, Zhongbao Yin, R. Grajcarek, Bruce Becker, S. Huber, R. Ichou, Fernando Scarlassara, Rajeev Singh, B. Fenton-Olsen, F. Orsini, Ana Maria Marin, Dayong Wang, D. Perini, and A. Devaux
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Tevatron, Particle accelerator, Bose–Einstein correlations, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Pion, law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract: We report on the measurement of two-pion correlation functions from pp collisions at root s = 900 GeV performed by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Our analysis shows an increase of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss radius with increasing event multiplicity, in line with other measurements done in particle- and nuclear collisions. Conversely, the strong decrease of the radius with increasing transverse momentum, as observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at Tevatron, is not manifest in our data.
Published: 2010

222. READOUT ELECTRONICS OF THE NA62 GIGATRACKER SYSTEM

Author: Alexander Kluge, E. Cortina, S. Chiozzi, Pierre Jarron, A. Cotta Ramusino, M. Fiorini, S. Garbolino, J. Kaplon, S. Tiuraniemi, Angelo Rivetti, G. Dellacasa, V. Carassiti, S. Martoiu, Fabrizio Petrucci, E. Martin, Richard Wheadon, F. Marchetto, A. Ceccucci, Petra Riedler, M. Noy, and G. Mazza
Subjects: Physics, Discriminator, Pixel, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Radiation, Dead time, NA62 experiment, Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, business
Abstract: A crucial detector of the NA62 experiment is the beam spectrometer named Gigatracker. It consists of three stations of hybrid silicon pixels sensors with 150 ps (rms) of time resolution and 100 μm (rms) of space resolution. In addition the system operates under a high radiation environment and a high density of particles (up to 1.5 MHz/mm in the centre and 0.8 1 GHz in total). To meet these requirements the readout electronics must compensate the discriminators time-walk and the dead time should be below 1%. In order to evaluate the best solution, two readout chips have been developed. One is based on the constant-fraction discriminator technique and the other one is based on the use of a time-over-threshold circuit. The global architectures of both the front-end ASIC will be discussed.
Published: 2010

223. The NA62 Gigatracker: Detector properties and pixel read-out architectures

Author: Fabrizio Petrucci, S. Tiuraniemi, Pierre Jarron, F. Marchetto, V. Carassiti, Angelo Rivetti, E. Cortina, Alexander Kluge, J. Kaplon, A. Ceccucci, Matthew Noy, E. Martin, Petra Riedler, G. Mazza, Massimiliano Fiorini, G. Dellacasa, A. Cotta Ramusino, and S. Martoiu
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Discriminator, Spectrometer, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, NA62 experiment, Chip, Time-to-digital converter, Solid-state detectors, Tracking and position-sensitive detectors, Silicon pixel ASIC, Time-to-Digital Converter, Optics, Measuring instrument, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract: The beam spectrometer of the NA62 experiment, named Gigatracker, has to perform single track reconstruction with unprecedented time resolution (150 ps rms) in a harsh radiation environment. To meet these requirements, and in order to reduce material budget to a minimum, three hybrid silicon pixel detector stations will be installed in vacuum. An adequate strategy to compensate for the discriminator time-walk must be implemented and R&D investigating two different options is ongoing. Two read-out chip prototypes have been designed in order to compare their performance: one approach is based on the use of a constant-fraction discriminator followed by an on-pixel TDC, while the other one is based on the use of a time-over-threshold circuit followed by a TDC shared by a group of pixels. This paper describes the Gigatracker system, presents the global architectures of both read-out ASICs and reviews the current status of the R&D project.
Published: 2010

224. NA62 gigatracker

Author: Alexander Kluge, Eduardo Cortina Gil, G. Dellacasa, Richard Wheadon, M. Morel, Lukas Pertktold, Angelo Cotta Ramusino, J. Kaplon, F. Petrucci, G. Nuessle, Pierre Jarron, Elena Martin Albarran, Giovanni Mazza, Sandra Garbolino, Jerome Daguin, Petra Riedler, A. Ceccucci, Gianluca Aglieri Rinella, Massimiliano Fiorini, V. Carassiti, Paolo Petagna, Matthew Noy, Angelo Rivetti, F. Marchetto, and A. Mapelli
Subjects: Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Giga
Published: 2010

225. Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks

Author: F. Carena, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Taku Gunji, Juyeon Yi, Udo Kebschull, Rashmi Raniwala, Boris Batyunya, Claude Andre Pruneau, F. Furano, S. Antinori, Roberto Barbera, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Marian Krivda, M. Sano, Xu Cai, Zhongbao Yin, Philippe Pillot, L. Cunqueiro, E. Cattaruzza, J. Pluta, Andreas Petridis, Evgeny Ryabinkin, R. Grajcarek, Bruce Becker, L. Molnar, F. Formenti, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, T. Samanta, Matthias Richter, S. Huber, Raul Arteche Diaz, Hyun-Chul Kim, Konrad Tywoniuk, P. Rosinský, Fernando Scarlassara, F. Yermia, Rajeev Singh, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Agneta Oskarsson, Sergey Nazarenko, M. Zynovyev, Krzysztof Redlich, G. Herrera Corral, D. Truesdale, J. Hamblen, Lokesh Kumar, M. Nicassio, Lawrence Pinsky, W. Sommer, X. Yuan, B. H. Han, C. Di Giglio, Jochen Klein, B. Fenton-Olsen, A. Szostak, A. Matyja, C. Bortolin, Brigitte Cheynis, C. Baumann, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, T.A. Pocheptsov, Csaba Soos, I. Maldonado Cervantes, J. Gebelein, Hannes Jung, Vladislav Manko, S. Sano, Marian Putis, Bogdan Vulpescu, H. Gottschlag, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Vladimir Peskov, Sevil Salur, Sergey Kiselev, M. R. Cosentino, Hideki Hamagaki, Gunnar Løvhøiden, Elena Bruna, S. Beole, Lennart Osterman, Christian Holm Christensen, Yu.N. Pestov, F. Orsini, G. Torralba, Dayong Wang, Madan M. Aggarwal, D. Tlusty, Andreas Morsch, Alexander Mamonov, A. Pepato, Anselmo Margotti, Evgeny Kryshen, D. Perini, Klaus Johannes Reygers, C.W. Fabjan, Shih-Chang Lee, M. Fragkiadakis, T. Iwasaki, F. Lackner, R. Ichou, I. K. Yoo, N. Abel, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, S. H. Kim, Teodor Siemiarczuk, S. Rousseau, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, V. Kushpil, A. Palmeri, M. Bregant, A. Pesci, H. Yang, V. Grigoriev, J. W. Harris, Yu.V. Zanevsky, Mauro Gallio, Y. Corrales Morales, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Xuan Zhang, J. Bartke, A. Raḿirez Reyes, Petra Riedler, M. Venaruzzo, Ken Oyama, L. Jirden, Rosario Nania, Roberto Preghenella, P. Crochet, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, C. Ivan, Olja Dordic, Sona Pochybova, B. S. Chang, R. Bala, G. Steyn, Satyajit Jena, Natasha Sharma, Andre Mischke, Jean-Yves Grossiord, L. K. Mangotra, H. Oeschler, I. Ilkiv, V. Altini, E. Serradilla, F. Nendaz, Cristina Terrevoli, Federico Ronchetti, V. Chambert, A. Jacholkowski, E. Nappi, I. Rashevskaya, A. Lozea Feijo Soares, Silvia Masciocchi, Z. Fodor, M. Krus, G. Sharkov, T. Sugitate, H. Taureg, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, C. Tagridis, A. G. Agocs, Kenta Shigaki, I. Doḿinguez, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Michele Floris, C. Pastore, Laurent Ducroux, Juha Äystö, Hans Hjersing Dalsgaard, V.A. Polyakov, Marek Chojnacki, Q. Wen, G. T. Jones, Federico Carminati, Z. Buthelezi, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, C. Nygaard, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, J. Sarkamo, G. de Vaux, I. Sgura, V. Demanov, Michal Sumbera, A. Colla, T. Kalliokoski, Branislav Sitar, G.V. Russo, A. van den Brink, M. Boccioli, Alexey Kurepin, S. Rath, Jana Bielcikova, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Vikas Singhal, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, J. Mlynarz, Catia Petta, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, C. Lal, Gyulnara Eyyubova, A. Fernández Téllez, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, G. Luparello, Andrey Reshetin, J. Munoz, R. A. Fini, Daniela Fabris, F. Painke, Marcello Lunardon, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, R. Platt, A. Rachevski, H. A. Gustafsson, Y. Le Bornec, Ian Gardner Bearden, Chiara Oppedisano, B. Pastirčák, P. González-Zamora, E. Camacho, V. I. Yurevich, Natalia Kondratyeva, A. Michalon, Alberica Toia, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, Magdalena Malek, D. Di Bari, E. Belmont-Moreno, P. T. Hille, Andrei Gheata, R. Gomez, M. De Gaspari, D. Krumbhorn, V. Lafage, V. Lenti, K. Aamodt, Paolo Giubellino, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, Francesco Riggi, O. Sokolov, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Panagiota Foka, V. Nikolic, Kirill Voloshin, D. Hasch, Bjarte Kileng, Bruno Alessandro, Sudhir Raniwala, M. S. Ganti, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, D. Evans, L. Toscano, N. Willis, M. Szuba, V. Catanescu, H. Lee, I. Cortés Maldonado, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Y. Li, H.R. Gulkanyan, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, F. Tosello, A. Marzari Chiesa, Tatiana Karavicheva, R. Gemme, H. González Santos, T. Tolyhy, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, L. Vannucci, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, A. Nianine, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, R. Janik, Filippo Costa, M. Irfan, Martin Vala, Antonino Zichichi, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, S. Hu, Werner Riegler, Jennifer Lynn Klay, Meidana Huang, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, S. Zhou, M. Rammler, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Oliver Busch, Chitrasen Jena, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, J. Bán, J. L. Charvet, K. Schossmaier, V. Fekete, Andrew Ivanov, E. Stan, T. Alt, Peter Graham Jones, C. Cavicchioli, Enrichetta Maria Fiore, Subrata Pal, L. Manceau, Atsushi Takahara, Giacomo Bruno, D. Hatzifotiadou, Frederick Kramer, M. Tavlet, Marian Ivanov, A. Borisov, D. Y.-U. Peressounko, Predrag Buncic, Tinku Sarkar Sinha, F. Posa, Premomoy Ghosh, Marco De Petris, A. Turvey, Gualtiero Volpe, A. Alici, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, Livio Bianchi, Stefano Piano, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, E. López Torres, A. Musso, Smbat Grigoryan, A. Kolojvari, C. García Trapaga, M. Mastromarco, Leonid Vinogradov, Chiara Zampolli, Sara Vallero, A. A. Rademakers, G.F. Segato, G. de Cataldo, R. Tanabe, Vito Manzari, Johanna Stachel, Alexander Akindinov, Rainer Martin Schicker, P. Stolpovsky, Alessandro Grelli, P. Gros, Latchezar Betev, E. Crescio, Federico Cindolo, C. D. Anson, S. Jangal, D. Swoboda, B.V. Zagreev, R. Romita, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, I. Vassiliev, G. S. Pappalardo, Peter Chochula, Mikhail Malaev, Sami Sakari Rasanen, M. Bach, G. A. Feofilov, I. Vetlitskiy, A. Baldit, E. Biolcati, A. Zepeda, M. Zhalov, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexey Bogdanov, R. Santo, Haaland, Ajay Kumar Dash, A. Enokizono, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Kyong Sei Lee, Claudio Guarnaccia, Jan Rak, G. Stefanek, A. Gupta, M. E. Cotallo, Christophe Pierre Suire, Z. Conesa del Valle, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Alessandra Fantoni, E. Quercigh, Yu. V. Kharlov, Bedangadas Mohanty, Andrzej Deloff, Dominik Fehlker, R. Smakal, V. Canoa Roman, A. K. Bhati, D. Antończyk, Christoph Blume, Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi, Andrzej Rybicki, J. Dubuisson, Andrey Zarochentsev, J. F. Castillo Hernandez, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, A. Punin, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Francesca Soramel, L. Bosisio, Radiy Ilkaev, J. Urban, A. Nyatha, S. Dash, Petr Zavada, Evgeny Zabrodin, N. Novitzky, R. P. Scharenberg, Paul Constantin, R. A. Soltz, F. Blanco, L. Šándor, A. Silenzi, E. Simili, A. Anzo, Vladimir Kaplin, R. López-Raḿirez, H. León Vargas, C. Lazzeroni, B. Polichtchouk, Massimo Masera, R. Alfaro Molina, N. Pitz, D. Felea, L. Luquin, R. Glasow, T. Aronsson, P. Ostrowski, K. Watanabe, B. S. Nilsen, Marek Kowalski, Andre Augustinus, H. Snow, Angelo Rivetti, J. P. Revol, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, M. Meoni, A. Belogianni, M. Basile, A. Hayrapetyan, H. Caines, D. Mayani, Adela Kravcakova, Ki-Seok Choi, D. M. Madagodahettige-Don, Stefan Kirsch, W. W. Jung, A. Vacchi, I. Kraus, Henner Buesching, D. Budnikov, M. Mohisin Khan, L. Jancurová, J.A. Mares, Matevz Tadel, D. Derkach, A. Devaux, Min Jung Kweon, R. Kolevatov, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Motoi Inaba, V.N. Borshchov, Xing Long Li, Tomasz Traczyk, N. van der Kolk, Ivana Hrivnacova, Volker Lindenstruth, V. Chibante Barroso, A. Charpy, Junlee Kim, T.M. Steinbeck, V. Wagner, E. G. Ferreiro, M. A. Lisa, Heng-Tong Ding, B. Hicks, Adrian Sevcenco, Nikolai Smirnov, R. Stock, Raphael Noel Tieulent, H. Ricaud, Bastian Bathen, A. De Falco, R. Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, G. Batigne, F. Padilla, H. K. Soltveit, M. Heide, A. Nyiri, M. Pachr, C. Pérez, Kai Schweda, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, Nicola Bianchi, J. Thäder, G. D'Erasmo, Mads Stormo Nilsson, Paraskevi Ganoti, Rene Brun, Raghunath Sahoo, Dagmar Adamová, M. Bogolyubsky, C. Xu, Markus Fasel, A. R. Reolon, G. Bruckner, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, K. Safaŕik, A. Badalà, A. Ochirov, D. De Gruttola, D. T. Larsen, H. Tydesjö, Alexander Kurepin, Sven Gotovac, Rosario Turrisi, P. R. Pujahari, A.G. Fedunov, Steffen Schreiner, P. Vande Vyvre, A. Hiei, D. Hasegan, L. Bimbot, M. van Leeuwen, Hyungsuk Son, J. Seo, I. Rusanov, Mihai Petrovici, Henning Kværnø, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Sangeeta Das, Vladimir Samsonov, S. Gorbunov, A. Klovning, Giacomo Ortona, Linda Vickovic, Varlen Grabski, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Néstor Armesto, F. Piuz, M. Kutouski, Eleazar Cuautle, K. Mizoguchi, Y. Hori, A. Szanto de Toledo, J. Kapitan, Diego Stocco, Y. Maruyama, Nicolas Bock, Markku Oinonen, Mikolaj Krzewicki, S. Radomski, P. Jovanovic, Luciano Musa, Oleg Karavichev, S. K. Pal, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, B. Boyer, A. Abrahantes Quintana, S. Kox, G. Hamar, D. Perrino, J. H. Kim, L. Leistam, Yasuo Miake, S. Evrard, I. Otterlund, L. H. González-Trueba, G. Tröger, Seyong Kim, N. Le Bris, S. Kalcher, Marie Germain, Leonid Serkin, Raffaele Grosso, H. Schindler, Pascal Dupieux, Hans Muller, M. Heinz, Lee Stuart Barnby, Andrea Dainese, A. M. Rossi, Sergey Fokin, A. J. Rubio-Montero, S. Arcelli, L. Massacrier, Anand Kumar Dubey, G. Bourdaud, Y. Kucheriaev, R. de Rooij, S. Senyukov, S. Serci, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, V. Paticchio, A. Blanc, F. Rettig, A. A. Vinogradov, A. G. Asryan, S. Prasad, L. Wallet, I. Martashvili, B. von Haller, C. Klein-Bösing, A. B. Kaidalov, Giuseppe Viesti, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, S. Lohn, C. Søgaard, H. León, G. Anelli, Davide Caffarri, A. Zenin, F. Bossú, Ante Bilandzic, T. Pawlak, G. O.V. de Barros, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, E. Berdermann, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, D. Miśkowiec, I. Makhlyueva, A. Pulvirenti, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, A. Konevskih, A. Peters, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, Airton Deppman, Giuseppe Giraudo, Barbara Guerzoni, Peter Christiansen, Marta Verweij, A. Uras, Tatjana Susa, Dai-Mei Zhou, Yves Roland Schutz, Dmitry Mal'kevich, Alexandr Tumkin, A. Nedosekin, Sang Un Ahn, J. Zhu, Alexander Kluge, F.F. Guber, Zubayer Ahammed, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Marco Monteno, N. Herrmann, Kalliopi Kanaki, J. Pouthas, C. Garabatos, M. C.S. Williams, Michele Caselle, D. P. Mahapatra, P. Petrov, R. Panse, A. Wilk, Navneet Kumar, Rui Ma, D. S. Kim, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Marek Bombara, Cristian Andrei, M. Kim, C.J. Oskamp, Kei Okada, A. Harutyunyan, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Alla Maevskaya, H. Pereira, P. Saturnini, Mihaela Gheata, M. I. Martínez, Tatsuya Chujo, Nazeer Ahmad, Y. Okada, P. Zelnicek, Anton Andronic, J. Symons, Federico Antinori, A. Casanova Díaz, I. Kisel, M. Lenhardt, V. Angelov, O. Villalobos Baillie, R. A. Ricci, K. Polák, V. P. Kondratiev, C. Torcato de Matos, A. Soloviev, C. Pajares, J. P. Coffin, O. Vikhlyantsev, Andrey Vasiliev, Peter Strmen, S. Böttger, Gerardus Nooren, J. Peschek, Mikhail Ippolitov, M. A. Subieta Vásquez, Evgeny Karpechev, F. Chuman, M. Bondila, E. Tsilis, E. Siddi, Hiroki Yokoyama, T. Horaguchi, J. De Groot, R. Akimoto, Enrico Scomparin, A. Martínez Davalos, Ara Grigoryan, Altaf Ahmad, Bikash Sinha, Melinda Siciliano, N. Grion, Sébastien Gadrat, G. Aglieri Rinella, D. M.M. Don, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, C.J. Schmidt, S. Schuchmann, M. Hartig, G. J. Contreras, M. Kliemant, V. Basmanov, M. Vassiliou, Y. Wang, Vladimir Vechernin, S. Sharma, Mitali Mondal, Magnus Mager, P. Mendez Lorenzo, W. J. Park, P. Mereu, Luisa Cifarelli, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, P. Antonioli, Ermanno Vercellin, Y. N. Gorbunov, Vladimir Ivanov, A. Frolov, W. Peryt, Eugen Mudnic, A. Mahajan, A. De Caro, Kyrre Skjerdal, A. Glenn, I. S. Zgura, Tome Anticic, V. Dobretsov, M. A. Mazzoni, Sergey Filchagin, Jorn Henning Putschke, M. Botje, An. Zalite, Stefan Rossegger, M. Dialinas, Francesco Noferini, G. L. Usai, A. Arend, Sylvain Chapeland, J. Bohm, M. Ploskon, R. Vernet, E. Dénes, R. Kamermans, Eva Sicking, A. I. Pavlinov, J. H. Kang, B. Ghidini, Gaute Øvrebekk, P. Di Nezza, G. Nazarov, A.P. de Haas, O. V. Fateev, P. G. Innocenti, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. Maŕin, Dousatsu Sakata, E. Montes, Peter Glassel, F. Prino, Y. Sibiriak, Rinaldo Rui, D. Emschermann, M. Fusco Girard, Igor Pshenichnov, K. J. Malagalage, R. W. Fearick, Francesco Barile, L. V. Bravina, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, I. Das, R. Kupczak, O.M. Listratenko, J. de Cuveland, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Franck Manso, M. Oldenburg, E. Kang, C. Yang, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Davide Falchieri, Sandra Moretto, Jovan Milosevic, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Johannes Peter Wessels, B. Pommeresch, M. Estienne, Joakim Nystrand, J. Peyré, E. Almaráz Aviña, A. Dobrin, G. Mazza, A. Di Mauro, Dong Jo Kim, Alberto Baldisseri, A.S. Vodopianov, P.A. Polozov, M. G. Poghosyan, Boris Wagner, Chiara Bianchin, Roberta Ferretti, Benjamin Donigus, R.J.M. Snellings, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, F. Navach, S.A. Sadovsky, G. M. Urciuoli, M.L. Luvisetto, J. Ulery, Tiziano Virgili, G. Odyniec, Pietro Cortese, S. Bablok, R. Lietava, Philippe Rosnet, F. Staley, Ralf Keidel, Z. L. Matthews, Christian Claude Kuhn, G. P. Capitani, Peter Levai, M. A. Braun, S. Kapusta, R. Bellwied, S. Gang, H. Appelshäuser, Ketil Røed, E. S. Conner, G. Stefanini, P. Cerello, Alexandru Bercuci, A. Piccotti, T. Krawutschke, Sergey Nikolaev, M. Masetti, R. Wan, Sergey Nikulin, Eugenio Scapparone, Thomas Humanic, G. Dellacasa, E. Kornaś, Peter Kalinak, Valery Punin, F. Minafra, J. Wiechula, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, A. I. Zinchenko, S. Coli, S. Navin, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, A. Maire, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, J. S. Real, Ionut Cristian Arsene, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, R. Arceo, Kathrin Koch, L. Riccati, Arturo Tauro, Giacomo Contin, K. Ma, G.S. Shabratova, S. Lu, S. Román López, Gennady Zinovjev, K. Antipin, H. Torii, Dieter Røhrich, K. Kozlov, K. Shtejer, Paolo Martinengo, S. Bose, Alessandro Ferretti, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Costin Grigoras, F. Poggio, V. Zycháček, Alberto Masoni, Fiorella Fionda, Thomas Peitzmann, Y. Mao, J. S. Kim, Alexei Khanzadeev, M. Cherney, Thomas Michael Cormier, H. Bøggild, J. Kral, E. Stenlund, J. Lehnert, P. L.M. Podesta Lerma, R. Kour, D. W. Kim, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, S. Aguilar Salazar, R. De Remigis, D. Soyk, Yongsun Kim, D. S. Hwang, Sergio Vergara, Y. Zoccarato, M. Campbell, I. León Monzón, C. Cicalo, T. V. Moukhanova, Guy Paic, Roberto Divia, G. Cara Romeo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, D. J. Tapia Takaki, Lamia Benhabib, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, S. Kniege, Jason Newby, C. W. Son, C. Bombonati, M. López Noriega, T. S. Räihä, F. Osmic, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, Frederic Lefevre, H. H. Gutbrod, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Andres Sandoval, Roberta Arnaldi, U. Abeysekara, Romualdo Santoro, Gilda Scioli, A. Palaha, Richa Gupta, L. Díaz, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Tournaire, Lijiao Liu, C. Hernández, D. Vranic, Vitaly Loginov, Pablo Saiz, Yongwook Baek, Kenneth Francis Read, Podist Kurashvili, A. Kamal, Y. P. Viyogi, A. V. Kazantsev, N. Miftakhov, Jogender Saini, Håvard Helstrup, G. Laurenti, G. Tsiledakis, T. Malkiewicz, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, G. Tejeda Muñoz, G. Puddu, Ozgur Cobanoglu, A. Jusko, T. Breitner, R. Varma, Z. Vilakazi, Giuseppe Simonetti, D. P. Kikola, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Paolo Pagano, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, E. Chiavassa, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Janka Vrlakova, Tomoya Tsuji, A. Yasnopolsky, D. Semenov, Myunggeun Song, Jurgen Schukraft, V. Posṕisil, Christian Lippmann, Rama Narayana Singaraju, Julien Faivre, Djuvsland, J. R. Lutz, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALICE, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), K., Aamodt78, N., Abel43, U., Abeysekara30, A., Abrahantes Quintana42, D., Adamova ́86, M. M., Aggarwal25, G., Aglieri Rinella40, A. G., Agocs18, S., Aguilar Salazar66, Z., Ahammed55, A., Ahmad2, N., Ahmad2, S. U., Ahn50 i, R., Akimoto100, A., Akindinov68, D., Aleksandrov70, B. A. l. e. s. s. a. n. d. r. o. 1 0 2, R. . A. l. f. a. r. o. M. o. l. i. n. a. 6 6, A. . A. l. i. c. i. 1 3, E. . A. l. m. a. r. a. ́ z. A. v. i. n. ̃ a. 6 6, J. . A. l. m. e., 8, T., Alt43 ii, V., Altini5, S., Altinpinar32, C., Andrei17, A., Andronic32, G., Anelli40, V., Angelov43 ii, C., Anson27, T., Anticˇic ́113, F., Antinori40 iii, S., Antinori13, K., Antipin37, D., Anton ́czyk37, P., Antonioli14, A., Anzo66, L., Aphecetche73, H., Appelsha ̈user37, S., Arcelli13, R., Arceo66, A., Arend37, N., Armesto92, R., Arnaldi102, T., Aronsson74, I. C., Arsene78 iv, A., Asryan98, A., Augustinus40, R., Averbeck32, T. C., Awes76, J. A., ̈ysto ̈49, M. D., Azmi2, S., Bablok8, M., Bach36, A., Badala`24, Y. W., Baek50 i, S., Bagnasco102, R., Bailhache32 v, R., Bala101, A., Baldisseri89, A., Baldit26, J., Ba ́n58, R., Barbera23, G. G., Barnafo ̈ldi18, L., Barnby12, V., Barret26, J., Bartke29, F., Barile5, M., Basile13, V., Basmanov94, N., Bastid26, B., Bathen72, G., Batigne73, B., Batyunya35, C., Baumann72 v, I. G., Bearden28, B., Becker20 vi, I., Belikov99, R., Bellwied34, E., Belmont Moreno66, A., Belogianni4, L., Benhabib73, S., Beole101, I., Berceanu17, A., Bercuci32 vii, E., Berdermann32, Y., Berdnikov39, L., Betev40, A., Bhasin48, A. K., Bhati25, L., Bianchi101, N., Bianchi38, C., Bianchin79, J., Bielcˇ ́ık81, J., Bielcˇ ́ıkova ́86, A., Bilandzic3, L., Bimbot77, E., Biolcati101, A., Blanc26, F., Blanco23 viii, F., Blanco63, D., Blau70, C., Blume37, M., Boccioli40, N., Bock27, A., Bogdanov69, H., Bøggild28, M., Bogolyubsky83, J., Bohm96, L., Boldizsa ́r18, M., Bombara12 ix, C., Bombonati79 x, M., Bondila49, H., Borel89, V., Borshchov51, A., Borisov52, C., Bortolin79 xl, S., Bose54, Bosisio, Luciano, F., Bossu ́101, M., Botje3, S., Bo ̈ttger43, G., Bourdaud73, B., Boyer77, M., Braun98, P., Braun Munzinger32, 33, Ii, L., Bravina78, Bregant, Marco, T., Breitner43, G., Bruckner40, R., Brun40, E., Bruna74, G. E., Bruno5, D., Budnikov94, H., Buesching37, P., Buncic40, O., Busch44, Z., Buthelezi22, D., Caffarri79, X., Cai111, H., Caines74, E., Camacho64, Camerini, Paolo, M., Campbell40, V., Canoa Roman40, G. P., Capitani38, G., Cara Romeo14, F., Carena40, W., Carena40, F., Carminati40, A. Casanova D., ́ıaz38, M., Caselle40, J., Castillo Castellanos89, J. F., Castillo Hernandez32, V., Catanescu17, E., Cattaruzza103, C., Cavicchioli40, P., Cerello102, V., Chambert77, B., Chang96, S., Chapeland40, A., Charpy77, J. L., Charvet89, S., Chattopadhyay54, S., Chattopadhyay55, M., Cherney30, C., Cheshkov40, B., Cheynis62, E., Chiavassa101, V., Chibante Barroso40, D. D., Chinellato21, P., Chochula40, K., Choi85, M., Chojnacki106, P., Christakoglou106, C. H., Christensen28, P., Christiansen61, T., Chujo105, F., Chuman45, C., Cicalo20, L., Cifarelli13, F., Cindolo14, J., Cleymans22, O., Cobanoglu101, J. P., Coffin99, S., Coli102, A., Colla40, G., Conesa Balbastre38, Z., Conesa del Valle73 xii, E. S., Conner110, P., Constantin44, Contin, Giacomo, G. J., Contreras64, Y., Corrales Morales101, T. M., Cormier34, P., Cortese1, I. Corte ́ s., Maldonado84, M. R., Cosentino21, F., Costa40, M. E., Cotallo63, E., Crescio64, P., Crochet26, E., Cuautle65, L., Cunqueiro38, J., Cussonneau73, A., Dainese59 iii, H. H., Dalsgaard28, A., Danu16, I., Das54, S., Das54, A., Dash11, S., Dash11, G. O. V., de Barros93, A., De Caro90, G. de Cataldo6 J., de Cuveland43 ii, A., De Falco19, M., De Gaspari44, J., de Groot40, D., De Gruttola90, A. P. de Haas106 N., De Marco102, S., De Pasquale90, R., De Remigis102, R., de Rooij106, G., de Vaux22, H., Delagrange73, G., Dellacasa1, A., Deloff107, V., Demanov94, E., De ́nes18, A., Deppman93, G., D’Erasmo5, D., Derkach98, A., Devaux26, – 27 – D., Di Bari5, C., Di Giglio5 x, S., Di Liberto88, A., Di Mauro40, P., Di Nezza38, M., Dialinas73, L. D., ́ıaz65, R. D., ́ıaz49, T., Dietel72, H., Ding111, R., Divia`40, Ø., Djuvsland8, V., Dobretsov70, A., Dobrin61, T., Dobrowolski107, B., Do ̈nigus32, I., Dom ́ınguez65, D. M. M. Don46 O., Dordic78, A. K., Dubey55, J., Dubuisson40, L., Ducroux62, P., Dupieux26, A. K., Dutta Majumdar54, M. R., Dutta Majumdar55, D., Elia6, D., Emschermann44 xiv, A., Enokizono76, B., Espagnon77, M., Estienne73, D., Evans12, S., Evrard40, G., Eyyubova78, C. W., Fabjan40 xv, D., Fabris79, J., Faivre41, D., Falchieri13, A., Fantoni38, M., Fasel32, O., Fateev35, R., Fearick22, A., Fedunov35, D., Fehlker8, V., Fekete15, D., Felea16, B., Fenton Olsen28 xvi, G., Feofilov98, A., Ferna ́ndez Te ́llez84, E. G., Ferreiro92, A., Ferretti101, R., Ferretti1 xvii, M. A. S., Figueredo93, S., Filchagin94, R., Fini6, F. M., Fionda5, E. M., Fiore5, M., Floris19 x, Z., Fodor18, S., Foertsch22, P., Foka32, S., Fokin70, F., Formenti40, Fragiacomo, Enrico, M., Fragkiadakis4, U., Frankenfeld32, A., Frolov75, U., Fuchs40, F., Furano40, C., Furget41, M., Fusco Girard90, J. J., Gaardhøje28, S., Gadrat41, M., Gagliardi101, A., Gago64 xviii, M., Gallio101, S., Gang111, P., Ganoti4, M. S., Ganti55, C., Garabatos32, C., Garc ́ıa Trapaga101, J., Gebelein43, R., Gemme1, M., Germain73, A., Gheata40, M., Gheata40, B., Ghidini5, P., Ghosh55, G., Giraudo102, P., Giubellino102, E., Gladysz Dziadus29, R., Glasow72 xix, P., Gla ̈ssel44, A., Glenn60, R., Gomez31, H., Gonza ́lez Santos84, L. H., Gonza ́lez Trueba66, P., Gonza ́lez Zamora63, S., Gorbunov43 ii, Y., Gorbunov30, S., Gotovac97, H., Gottschlag72, V., Grabski66, R., Grajcarek44, A., Grelli106, A., Grigoras40, C., Grigoras40, V., Grigoriev69, A., Grigoryan112, S., Grigoryan35, B., Grinyov52, N., Grion104, P., Gros61, J. F., Grosse Oetringhaus40, J. Y., Grossiord62, Grosso, Raffaele, C., Guarnaccia90, F., Guber67, R., Guernane41, B., Guerzoni13, K., Gulbrandsen28, H., Gulkanyan112, T., Gunji100, A., Gupta48, R., Gupta48, H. A., Gustafsson61, H., Gutbrod32, Ø., Haaland8, C., Hadjidakis77, M., Haiduc16, H., Hamagaki100, G., Hamar18, J., Hamblen53, B. H., Han95, J. 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ROED, D. ROHRICH, S. ROMAN LOPEZ, R. ROMITA, F. RONCHETTI, P. ROSINSKY, P. ROSNET, S. ROSSEGGER, A. ROSSI, F. ROUKOUTAKIS, S. ROUSSEAU, C. ROY, P. ROY, A. J. RUBIO-MONTERO, R. RUI, I. RUSANOV, G. RUSSO, E. RYABINKIN, A. RYBICKI, S. SADOVSKY, K. SAFARIK, R. SAHOO, J. SAINI, P. SAIZ, D. SAKATA, C. A. SALGADO, R. SALGUEIRO DOMINQUES DA SILVA, S. SALUR, T. SAMANTA, S. SAMBYAL, V. SAMSONOV, L. SANDOR, A. SANDOVAL, M. SANO, S. SANO, R. SANTO, R. SANTORO, J. SARKAMO, P. SATURNINI, E. SCAPPARONE, F. SCARLASSARA, R. P. SCHARENBERG, C. SCHIAUA, R. SCHICKER, H. SCHINDLER, C. SCHMIDT, H. R. SCHMIDT, S. SCHREINER, S. SCHUCHMANN, J. SCHUKRAFT, Y. SCHUTZ, K. SCHWARZ, K. SCHWEDA, G. SCIOLI, E. SCOMPARIN, G. SEGATO, D. SEMENOV, S. SENYUKOV, J. SEO, S. SERCI, L. SERKIN, E. SERRADILLA, A. SEVCENCO, I. SGURA, G. SHABRATOVA, R. SHAHOYAN, G. SHARKOV, N. SHARMA, S. SHARMA, K. SHIGAKI, M. SHIMOMURA, K. SHTEJER, Y. SIBIRIAK, M. SICILIANO, E. SICKING, E. SIDDI, T. SIEMIARCZUK, A. SILENZI, D. SILVERMYR, E. SIMILI, G. SIMONETTI, R. SINGARAJU, R. SINGH, V. SINGHAL, B. C. SINHA, T. SINHA, B. SITAR, M. SITTA, T. B. SKAALI, K. SKJERDAL, R. SMAKAL, N. SMIRNOV, R. SNELLINGS, H. SNOW, C. SOGAARD, O. SOKOLOV, A. SOLOVIEV, H. K. SOLTVEIT, R. SOLTZ, W. SOMMER, C. W. SON, H. S. SON, M. SONG, C. SOOS, F. SORAMEL, D. SOYK, M. SPYROPOULOU-STASSINAKI, B. K. SRIVASTAVA, J. STACHEL, F. STALEY, I. STAN, G. STEFANEK, G. STEFANINI, T. STEINBECK, E. STENLUND, G. STEYN, D. STOCCO, R. STOCK, P. STOLPOVSKY, P. STRMEN, A. A. P. SUAIDE, M. A. SUBIETA VASQUEZ, T. SUGITATE, C. SUIRE, M. SUMBERA, T. SUSA, D. SWOBODA, T. J. M. SYMONS, A. SZANTO DE TOLEDO, I. SZARKA, A. SZOSTAK, M. SZUBA, M. TADEL, C. TAGRIDIS, A. TAKAHARA, J. TAKAHASHI, R. TANABE, J. D. TAPIA TAKAKI, H. TAUREG, A. TAURO, M. TAVLET, G. TEJEDA MUNOZ, A. TELESCA, C. TERREVOLI, J. THADER, R. TIEULENT, D. TLUSTY, A. TOIA, T. TOLYHY, C. TORCATO DE MATOS, H. TORII, G. TORRALBA, L. TOSCANO, F. TOSELLO, A. TOURNAIRE, T. TRACZYK, P. TRIBEDY, G. TROGER, D. TRUESDALE, W. H. TRZASKA, G. TSILEDAKIS, E. TSILIS, T. TSUJI, A. TUMKIN, R. TURRISI, A. TURVEY, T. S. TVETER, H. TYDESJO, K. TYWONIUK, J. ULERY, K. ULLALAND, A. URAS, J. URBAN, G. M. URCIUOLI, G. L. USAI, A. VACCHI, M. VALA, L. VALENCIA PALOMO, S. VALLERO, A. VAN DEN BRINK, N. VAN DER KOLK, P. VANDE VYVRE, M. VAN LEEUWEN, L. VANNUCCI, A. VARGAS, R. VARMA, A. VASILIEV, I. VASSILIEV, M. VASSILIOU, V. VECHERNIN, M. VENARUZZO, E. VERCELLIN, S. VERGARA, R. VERNET, M. VERWEIJ, I. VETLITSKIY, L. VICKOVIC, G. VIESTI, O. VIKHLYANTSEV, Z. VILAKAZI, O. VILLALOBOS BAILLIE, A. VINOGRADOV, L. VINOGRADOV, Y. VINOGRADOV, T. VIRGILI, Y. P. VIYOGI, A. VODOPIANOV, K. VOLOSHIN, S. VOLOSHIN, G. VOLPE, B. VON HALLER, D. VRANIC, J. VRLAKOVA, B. VULPESCU, B. WAGNER, V. WAGNER, L. WALLET, R. WAN, D. WANG, Y. WANG, K. WATANABE, Q. WEN, J. WESSELS, J. WIECHULA, J. WIKNE, A. WILK, G. WILK, M. C. S. WILLIAMS, N. WILLIS, B. WINDELBAND, C. XU, C. YANG, H. YANG, A. YASNOPOLSKY, F. YERMIA, J. YI, Z. YIN, H. YOKOYAMA, I. -K. YOO, X. YUAN, I. YUSHMANOV, E. ZABRODIN, B. ZAGREEV, A. ZALITE, C. ZAMPOLLI, YU. ZANEVSKY, S. ZAPOROZHETS, A. ZAROCHENTSEV, P. ZAVADA, H. ZBROSZCZYK, P. ZELNICEK, A. ZENIN, A. ZEPEDA, I. ZGURA, M. ZHALOV, X. ZHANG, D. ZHOU, S. ZHOU, J. ZHU, A. ZICHICHI, A. ZINCHENKO, G. ZINOVJEV, M. ZINOVJEV, Y. ZOCCARATO, V. ZYCHACEK, UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Helsinki Institute of Physics
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, perspective, High Energy Phisics, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams), Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Particle tracking detectors, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Tracking detectors, Heavy Ion Physics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Detector alignment and calibration methods, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, detectors, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Solenoidal vector field, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), particle-beams), collisions, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, collaboration, detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, particle tracking detectors (solid-state detectors), performance, quark-gluon plasma, Colliding beam accelerators, collisions, Pb-Pb collisions, QUARK-GLUON PLASMA, Detector alignment and calibration method, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 114 Physical sciences, Nuclear physics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, hep-ex, Quark–gluon plasma, ALICE (propellant), business
Abstract: ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 micron in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10^5 charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off., 37 pages, 15 captioned figures, 1 table, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3907
Published: 2010

226. Characterization of the Clear-PEM breast imaging scanner performance

Author: Cláudia Ferreira, Pedro Rodrigues, Paul Lecoq, Isabel C. Teixeira, Etiennette Auffray, Celso Xavier Cardoso, João Carlos Silva, Joao Varela, A. Trindade, R. Bugalho, Fernando Piedade, Miguel A. Ferreira, Pedro Neves, Ana Santos, J. F. Pinheiro, J. Barbosa, C. Leong, Nuno Ferreira, E. L. Albuquerque, I. Rolo, M.M. Silva, M.V. Martins, Catarina Ortigao, Pedro Machado, Paulo Relvas, V. Bexiga, J. C. Santos, B. Carrico, M. Frade, P. Lousa, Rui F. Silva, A. L. Bastos, C. Guerreiro, Nuno Matela, João Falcão Carneiro, S. Carmona, Jorge A. Neves, F. G. Almeida, Stefaan Tavernier, Angelo Rivetti, Nuno Oliveira, João Paulo Teixeira, Pedro Almeida, F. Goncalves, R. Moura, and Faculdade de Engenharia
Subjects: Physics, Scanner, Engenharia médica, business.industry, Breast imaging, Detector, Medical engineering, Iterative reconstruction, Engenharia médica [Ciências da engenharia e tecnologias], Lyso, Particle detector, Medical engineering [Engineering and technology], Optics, Positron emission mammography, business, Nuclear medicine, Image resolution
Abstract: We present results on the characterization of the Clear-PEM breast imaging scanner. Clear-PEM is a dual-head Positron Emission Mammography scanner using APD-based detector modules that are capable of measuring depth-of-interaction (DOI) with a resolution of 2 mm in LYSO:Ce crystals. The full system comprises 192 detector modules in a total of 6144 LYSO:Ce crystals and 384 32-pixel APD arrays readout by ASICs with 192 input channels, which represents an unprecedented level of integration in APD-based PET systems. The system includes Frontend and Data Acquisition electronics and a robotic gantry for detector placement and rotation. The software implements calibration (energy, time and DOI), normalization and image reconstruction algorithms. In this work, the scanner main technical characteristics, calibration strategies and the spectrometric performance in a clinical environment are presented. Images obtained with point sources and extended uniform sources are also presented. The first commissioning results show 99.7% active channels. After calibration, the dispersion of the channels absolute gain is 15.3%, which demonstrate that despite the large number of channels the system is rather uniform. The mean energy resolution at 511 keV is 15.9% for all channels, and the mean DOI constant is 5.9%/mm, which is consistent with a 2 mm DOI resolution, or better. The coincidence time resolution at 511 keV, for a energy window between 400 and 600 keV, is 5.2 ns FWHM. The image resolution measured with point sources was found to be of the order of 1.3 mm FWHM. The DOI capability was found to have a strong impact on the image sharpness. Images of extended uniform (68)Ge sources, corrected for sensitivity and for the artifacts due detector dead spaces, have good uniformity. First clinical breast images are presented.
Published: 2009

227. A pixel front-end ASIC in 0.13 μm CMOS for the NA62 experiment with on pixel 100 ps Time-to-Digital Converter

Author: Alexander Kluge, Pierre Jarron, G. Dellacasa, A. Cotta Ramusino, S. Garbolino, Matthew Noy, S. Martoiu, G. Mazza, J. Kaplon, S. Chiozzi, E. Martin Albarran, Angelo Rivetti, Massimiliano Fiorini, F. Marchetto, Petra Riedler, A. Ceccucci, and S. Tiurianemi
Subjects: Transimpedance amplifier, Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Constant fraction discriminator, Chip, NA62 experiment, law.invention, Time-to-digital converter, CMOS, law, Operational amplifier, business
Abstract: The paper describes the design of a front-end chip for hybrid pixel detectors optimized for good timing resolution (200 ps rms) and high event rate (150 kHz per pixel). Each channel consists of a fast transimpedance amplifier with 5 ns peaking time, a constant fraction discriminator (CFD), and a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC). In order to cope with the rate requirement, a multi-event buffering scheme employing both analog and digital pipelines is implemented in each cell. This development is part of the R&D activity for the silicon tracker of the NA62 experiment at CERN. The architecture of the chip and the design of the critical building blocks are discussed in the paper.
Published: 2009

228. The 5ns peaking time transimpedance front end amplifier for the silicon pixel detector in the NA62 Gigatracker

Author: A. Cecucci, J. Kaplon, G. Dellacasa, G. Mazza, S. Tiuraniemi, Angelo Rivetti, S. Martoiu, Pierre Jarron, E. Martin, S. Garbolino, Matthew Noy, F. Marchetto, and Alexander Kluge
Subjects: Transimpedance amplifier, Front and back ends, Physics, Optics, CMOS, business.industry, Nuclear electronics, Amplifier, Detector, Electrical engineering, Dead time, Chip, business
Abstract: We present the design and test results of a front-end prototype circuit developed in 130 nm CMOS technology for the readout of the Gigatracker pixel detector experiment in NA62 at CERN. The main challenges for the front end amplifier are very high signal hit rate (dead time less than 100ns, average signal rate 100 kHz) and 100 ps timing resolution combined with the level of affordable power consumption (< 2W/cm2) and noise (< 200 e−ENC). The predicted ENC levels for the nominal detector capacitance of 250 fF and maximum leakage current of the order of 20 nA are below 200 e−. The overall power consumed by the analogue and digital part of the pixel cell is in the order of 130 μW. The optimization of the design as well as test results of the prototype front end chip are evaluated and discussed.
Published: 2009

229. High-speed Data Acquisition Electronics for a PEM scanner

Author: Paulo Relvas, Isabel C. Teixeira, A. L. Bastos, Pedro Neves, N. Pimenta, F. G. Almeida, João Paulo Teixeira, V. Bexiga, B. Carrico, João Carlos Silva, R. Moura, Joao Varela, Miguel A. Ferreira, Angelo Rivetti, José Paulo Sampaio, A. Trindade, Nuno Oliveira, P. Lousa, M. C. Martins, J. F. Pinheiro, Nuno Ferreira, Cláudia Ferreira, C. Leong, Pedro Almeida, J. Godinho, S. Carmona, Pedro Machado, Catarina Ortigao, Stefaan Tavernier, Fernando Piedade, Nuno Matela, R. Bugalho, Pedro Rodrigues, Paul Lecoq, Ana Santos, and F. Goncalves
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Scanner, Engineering, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Iterative reconstruction, Disk formatting, Data acquisition, Software, medicine, Positron emission mammography, Mammography, Medical physics, business, Image resolution, Computer hardware
Abstract: Positron Emission based mammography systems are expected to constitute a significant breakthrough in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This may lead to a significant enlargement in the horizon of women life, since breast cancer is considered to be among the most deadly types. With this purpose, a consortium has been built to develop a mammography PET system in the framework of the Clear-PEM Collaboration. The Clear-PEM scanner is a unique Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) scanner using APD-based detectors. It is capable of measuring Depth-of-Interaction (DoI) with a resolution of 2 mm in LYSO:Ce crystals, enabling a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm. An important part of the PEM scanner is a high-speed DAE (Data Acquisition Electronics) system. DAE has been developed to process and acquire data coming from the 12,288 front-end (FE) photo-detector channels. In this paper, an overview of this scanner (system and board-level electronics, mechanical design, service and image reconstruction software) is presented, focusing on the specification and implementation of the DAE which is responsible for real-time retrieving, analyzing, filtering and formatting the data coming from the front-end. The objective is to identify relevant data and after conditioning, according to pre-defined protocols, send the data to an acquisition PC for image reconstruction. Communication between DAE and PC is carried out using the S-Link (proprietary of CERN) protocol. Experimental results of validation and test of the DAE system are presented.
Published: 2009

230. An ultra fast 100 ps, 100 µm 3D pixel imager

Author: Alexander Kluge, G. Mazza, A. Cotta Ramusino, E. Martin, F. Marchetto, M. Fiorini, Angelo Rivetti, J. Kaplon, S. Martoiu, S. Tiuraniemi, Pierre Jarron, Petra Riedler, and G. Dellacasa
Subjects: Time-to-digital converter, Physics, Optics, Discriminator, Sensor array, Pixel, business.industry, Circuit design, Constant fraction discriminator, business, Telecommunications, NA62 experiment, Chip
Abstract: We present the development of a charged particle pixel array imager operating in single hit detection mode. This challenging imaging device called GigaTracker (GTK) developed for the CERN NA62 experiment is intended to measure the position and arrival time of a pion/kaon beam with an intensity of 108*cm-2*s-1. Each particle hit is detected in position with a precision of ~100 mm and in time with a precision of 100 ps (rmsc). The readout pixel ASIC circuit in 130 nm CMOS technology comprise an array of 1800 pixels of 300 x 300 mm2. It is connected via bump bonding to an ultra fast solid state pixel sensor array matching the same pixel pattern. The performance of high rate and high timing precision together with an extreme sensitivity of the pixel channel discriminating input signals with a charge as low as 1 fC (6000 electrons) are very demanding; two imaging readout architectures are presented, one with on pixel analogue based time-to-digital-converter (TDC), the other one with digital based TDC placed at the end of each column. The design of two pixel discriminators, a constant fraction discriminator and a time-over-threshold discriminator with time walk correction technique will be discussed. The design challenges of two architectures will be also discussed. Due to the high particle intensity, a huge data flow has to be handled. Hereby only data of pixels, which actually have been hit are buffered on chip and automatically transferred off the chip. The data rate per chip is 4 Gbit/s. We present circuit design challenges and SPICE simulations of both approaches.
Published: 2009

231. A silicon pixel readout ASIC in CMOS 0.13 μm for the PANDA microvertex detector

Author: Thanushan Kugathasan, Tobias Stockmanns, Giovanni Mazza, Daniela Calvo, P. De Remigis, Marco Mignone, Richard Wheadon, S. Salerno, and Angelo Rivetti
Subjects: Physics, Pixel, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Arrival time, Signal, Application-specific integrated circuit, CMOS, chemistry, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Optoelectronics, Vertex detector, business
Abstract: The requirements for the PANDA Micro Vertex Detector in terms of track density and absence of a trigger signal lead to the need of a custom solution for the electronic readout of the silicon pixel detectors. A reduced scale prototype with two 128 cells and two 32 cells columns has been designed in a CMOS 0.13 μm technology and successfully tested. The ASIC measures the 2-D position, the hit arrival time and the charge released via a Time over Threshold technique.
Published: 2008

232. An overview of the Clear-PEM breast imaging scanner

Author: Pedro Neves, J. Barbosa, Isabel C. Teixeira, José Paulo Sampaio, Miguel A. Ferreira, Fernando Piedade, M.M. Silva, João Carlos Silva, M.V. Martins, Stefaan Tavernier, V. Bexiga, P. Lousa, Catarina Ortigao, C. Guerreiro, C. Leong, Angelo Rivetti, Pedro Machado, Nuno Oliveira, Nuno Matela, R. Bugalho, A. Trindade, A. L. Bastos, Pedro Almeida, F. Goncalves, M. Frade, Ana Santos, F. G. Almeida, Pedro Rodrigues, João Paulo Teixeira, Paul Lecoq, J. Varela, S. Carmona, Cláudia Ferreira, R. Moura, Rui F. Silva, Etiennette Auffray, Paulo Relvas, J. C. Santos, B. Carrico, J. F. Pinheiro, Nuno Ferreira, I. Rolo, E. L. Albuquerque, and J. Godinho
Subjects: Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Scanner, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Breast imaging, Detector, Lyso, Data acquisition, medicine, Positron emission mammography, Mammography, Medical physics, business, Image resolution, Computer hardware
Abstract: We present an overview of the Clear-PEM breast imaging scanner. Clear-PEM is a unique dual-head Positron Emission Mammography scanner using APD-based detector modules that are capable of measuring depth-of-interaction (DOI) with a resolution of 2 mm in 20 mm long LYSO:Ce crystals. Such capability leads to an image spatial resolution of 1.2 mm and a high efficiency, foreseeing the detection of 3 mm breast lesions in less than 7 minutes exams. The full system comprises 192 detector modules in a total of 6144 LYSO:Ce crystals and 384 32-pixel APD arrays readout by ASICs with 192 input channels that represents an unprecedented level of integration in PET systems. Throughout the project and besides the detector module, we had developed dedicated Frontend and Data Acquisition electronics, the mechanical design and construction of the detector heads and the robotic gantry, as well as all the software that include calibration (energy, time and DOI), normalization and image reconstruction algorithms. In this work we will discuss the developments and present the commissioning results of the detector before the beginning of the clinical trials program, scheduled for the end of the present year.
Published: 2008

233. A low power front-end prototype for silicon pixel detectors with 100ps time resolution

Author: Angelo Rivetti, Fadmar Osmic, S. Martoiu, Flavio Marchetto, and G. Mazza
Subjects: Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Preamplifier, Detector, Electrical engineering, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Signal, Particle detector, Optics, CMOS, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, business, Electronic circuit, Jitter
Abstract: A time-accurate front-end prototype for silicon pixel particle detectors is presented. The circuit has been designed to meet the requirements of the NA62’s beam spectrometer, the Gigatracker. It consists of a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSP) and a fully integrated constant-fraction discriminator (CFD), showing less than 80ps jitter (rms) for one MIP signal and less than 250ps peak-to-peak time-walk for 0.5 to 5 MIP signal range. The overall time resolution is 100ps rms, accounting for the Landau distribution of the detector signal, while the total power consumption is 600 uW. The circuit was implemented in a 0.13 um CMOS commercial process, occupying 280μm × 80μm of silicon space.
Published: 2008

234. A fast binary front-end ASIC for the RICH detector of the COMPASS experiment at CERN

Author: Michela Chiosso, Angelo Rivetti, Giovanni Mazza, Ozgur Cobanoglu, and Daniele Panieri
Subjects: Physics, Comparator, business.industry, Amplifier, Transistor, Detector, Electrical engineering, Integrated circuit, Chip, law.invention, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, COMPASS experiment, business
Abstract: The paper describes a fast binary integrated circuit. The chip was developed to read-out the multi-anode photomultiplier tubes which equip the RICH detector of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The ASIC incorporates eight identical channels, each featuring a low-noise amplifier followed by a comparator and a LVDS driver. The amplifier has a peaking time of 10 ns and a gain programmable from 0.4 mV/fC to 4.8 mV/fC. Two 10-bits Digital-to-Analogue Converters per channel allow independent settings of the amplifier baseline and of the discriminator threshold. The circuit works with a minimum threshold of 3 fC and handles hit rates in excess of 5 MHz per channel. Implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, the chip dissipates 200 mW from a 3.3 V power supply. After the prototyping phase, six 8-inch wafers have been produced and are under test. The new front-end electronics will be installed in the experiment before the 2009 data taking.
Published: 2008

235. Characterization of the ALICE Silicon Drift Detectors using an infrared laser

Author: E. Biolcati, F Prino, E. Crescio, S. Beole, S. Senyukov, L. Toscano, Angelo Rivetti, Alexander Rashevsky, Giovanni Mazza, L. Riccati, G. Batigne, and Davide Falchieri
Subjects: Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Doping, Far-infrared laser, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Silicon Drift Detectors, Laser, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The Inner Tracking System of the ALICE experiment at LHC uses Silicon Drift Detectors in two cylindrical layers located at radial distance of ≈ 15 and ≈ 24 cm from the beam axis. The spatial resolution of silicon drift detectors can be strongly affected by inhomogeneities of the doping concentration, temperature effects and non-linearity of the drift potential distribution. Before the detector commissioning, an extensive study and characterization of all the produced detectors has been performed. For this purpose, a specific measuring station, based on a laser mapping system, has been developed.
Published: 2008

236. The P326 (NA48/3) Gigatracker: Requirements and design concept

Author: H. D. Wahl, B. Peyaud, Petra Riedler, A. Ceccucci, F. Formenti, Pierre Jarron, Ariella Cattai, Lau Gatignon, N. Doble, Nicola Zorzi, Maurizio Boscardin, P. F. Dalpiaz, J. Derre, A. Pozza, Fabrizio Petrucci, G. Anelli, G. Ruggiero, S. Martoiu, C. Damiani, Claudio Piemonte, A. Gianoli, Roberto Malaguti, Massimiliano Fiorini, S. Tiuraniemi, F. Marchetto, M. Scarpa, A. Cotta Ramusino, M. Martini, S. Chiozzi, Alexander Kluge, L. Milano, Angelo Rivetti, G. Mazza, G. Stefanini, and Simone Bifani
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, silicon pixel detector, kaon decay, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Elementary particle, NO, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Particle decay, Pion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: P326 aims at measuring the very rare decay K + → π + ν ν ¯ at the CERN SPS. The Gigatracker should track every particle of the 75 GeV / c hadron beam at a rate of about 1 GHz with time resolution in the 100 ps range and good momentum and angle resolution. The calculated fluence in 100 days of data taking is comparable to the one expected in the inner layers of the silicon trackers in LHC experiments during 10 years of operation. The physics requirements on the Gigatracker performance are overviewed and the preliminary design concept is outlined.
Published: 2007

237. Production and assembly of the ALICE silicon drift detectors

Author: M. A. Mazzoni, Paolo Giubellino, Stefania Beole, S. Coli, E. Crescio, Giuseppe Giraudo, L. Riccati, F. Tosello, L. Toscano, Angelo Rivetti, S. Martoiu, S. Di Liberto, A. Vacchi, Guido Masetti, Davide Falchieri, G. Mazza, L. Simonetti, Richard Wheadon, S. Antinori, R. Arteche Diaz, G. M. Urciuoli, Alexander Rashevsky, Alessandro Gabrielli, Franco Meddi, S.ANTINORI, S.COLI, E.CRESCIO, D.FALCHIERI, R.ARTECHE DIAZ, S. DI LIBERTO, GABRIELLI A., G.GIRAUDO, P.GIUBELLINO, S.MARTOIU, G.MASETTI, G.MAZZA, M.A.MAZZONI, F.MEDDI, A.RASHEVSKY, L.RICCATI, A.RIVETTI, L.SIMONETTI, L.TOSCANO, F.TOSELLO, G.M.URCIUOLI, A.VACCHI, and R.WHEADON
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Rivelatori a deriva in Silicio, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear matter, TAB BONDING, Deconfinement, Nuclear physics, chemistry, ALICE (propellant), SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS, Nucleon, Instrumentation, Image resolution, MICROCABLES
Abstract: The ALICE experiment at the LHC will study collisions of heavy-ions at a centre-of-mass energy ∼ 5.5 TeV per nucleon. The main aim of the experiment is to study in detail the behaviour of nuclear matter at high densities and temperatures, in view of probing deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration. Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) have been selected to equip the two intermediate layers of the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) [ALICE Collaboration, Technical Design Report, CERN/LHCC 99–12], since they couple a very good multi-track capability with d E / d x information and excellent spatial resolution as described in [E. Gatti, P. Rehak, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 225 (1984) 608; S. Beole, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 377 (1996) 393; S. Beole, et al., Il Nuovo Cimento 109A (9) (1996)]. In this paper we describe the different components of the SDD system as well as the different procedure of the system assembly.
Published: 2007

238. The ALICE silicon drift detectors: Production and assembly

Author: L. Riccati, Paolo Giubellino, Stefania Beole, F. Costa, S. Senyukov, S. Antinori, Richard Wheadon, E. Crescio, L. Simonetti, Angelo Rivetti, Alexander Rashevsky, Franco Meddi, Germán Mazza, G. M. Urciuoli, S. Coli, Giuseppe Giraudo, F. Prino, L. Toscano, A. Vacchi, Guido Masetti, Davide Falchieri, F. Tosello, R. Arteche Diaz, S. Di Liberto, and Bruno Alessandro
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, rivelatori a deriva in silicio, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking system, Nuclear physics, Optics, chemistry, ALICE (propellant), business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract: Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) have been selected to equip the two intermediate layers of the Inner Tracking System (ITS), of the ALICE experiment, since they couple a very good multitrack capability with d E / d x information and excellent spatial resolution as described in references. In this paper we describe the different components of the SDD system as well as the procedures of the system assembly.
Published: 2007

239. The readout chain for the P̄ANDA MVD strip detector

Author: M.D. Rolo, Angelo Rivetti, A. Riccardi, V. Di Pietro, H. Sohlbach, A. Goerres, K.-Th. Brinkmann, H. Kleines, Hans-Georg Zaunick, and R. Schnell
Subjects: Physics, Chipset, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Tracking system, Tracking (particle physics), Multiplexer, Gigabit, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Transceiver, business, Field-programmable gate array, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Computer hardware
Abstract: The ANDA (antiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment will study the strong interaction in annihilation reactions between an antiproton beam and a stationary gas jet target. The detector will comprise different sub-detectors for tracking, particle identification and calorimetry. The Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) as the innermost part of the tracking system will allow precise tracking and detection of secondary vertices. For the readout of the double-sided silicon strip sensors a custom-made ASIC is being developed, employing the Time-over-Threshold (ToT) technique for digitization and utilize time-to-digital converters (TDC) to provide a high-precision time stamp of the hit. A custom-made Module Data Concentrator ASIC (MDC) will multiplex the data of all front-ends of one sensor towards the CERN-developed GBT chip set (GigaBit Transceiver). The MicroTCA-based MVD Multiplexer Board (MMB) at the off-detector site will receive and concentrate the data from the GBT links and transfer it to FPGA-based compute nodes for global event building.
Published: 2015

240. Beam test results of the irradiated Silicon Drift Detector for ALICE

Author: V. Kushpil, Germán Mazza, Vojtech Petracek, Franco Meddi, Alessandra Maria Mazzoni, M. I. Martínez, E. Crescio, Alexander Rashevsky, F. Tosello, Marek Idzik, A. Vacchi, Claudio Piemonte, D. Nouais, Richard Wheadon, A. Kolozhvari, Angelo Rivetti, Svetlana Kushpil, L. Riccati, and Paolo Giubellino
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Other Fields of Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Fluence, Nuclear physics, chemistry, ALICE (propellant), Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The Silicon Drift Detectors will equip two of the six cylindrical layers of high precision position sensitive detectors in the ITS of the ALICE experiment at LHC. In this paper we report the beam test results of a SDD irradiated with 1 GeV electrons. The aim of this test was to verify the radiation tolerance of the device under an electron fluence equivalent to twice particle fluence expected during 10 years of ALICE operation., Comment: 6 pages,6 figures, to appear in the proceedings of International Workshop In high Multiplicity Environments (TIME'05), 3-7 October 2005, Zurich,Switzerland
Published: 2005
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241. Modeling of an integrated active feedback preamplifier in a 025 mu m CMOS technology at cryogenic temperatures

Author: S. Saramad, Pierre Jarron, N. Pelloux, Matthieu Despeisse, Angelo Rivetti, M. Bucher, and G. Anelli
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Work (thermodynamics), Proton, business.industry, Preamplifier, Double pulse, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, Fall time, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Active feedback, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Nuclear Physics
Abstract: This paper describes the modeling of a standard 0.25 mu m CMOS technology at cryogenic temperatures. In the first step of the work, the parameters of the EKV v2.6 model were extracted at different temperatures (300, 150, and 70 K). The extracted parameters were then used to optimize the performance of a room temperature designed active feedback front-end preamplifier (AFP) at 130 K. The results show that with a small adjustment of the extracted parameters it is possible to have a reasonable model at low temperatures. By optimizing the bias conditions at 130 K, a fall time down to 1.5 ns and a double pulse resolution of 6.5 ns were measured for NA60 proton beamscope. The proposed approach will also allow a low temperature design optimization for future projects, which will not be possible using only standard models provided by the foundry. (16 refs).
Published: 2003

242. A 32-channels, 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS ASIC for the readout of the Silicon Drift Detectors of the ALICE experiment

Author: Angelo Rivetti, M. I. Martínez, Francis Anghinolfi, G. Mazza, F. Rotondo, and G. Anelli
Subjects: Transimpedance amplifier, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Amplifier, Detector, Electrical engineering, Chip, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, Sampling (signal processing), Application-specific integrated circuit, Nuclear electronics, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: In this paper we present a 32 channel ASIC prototype for the readout of the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) of the ALICE experiment. The ASIC integrates on the same chip 32 transimpedance amplifiers, a 32/spl times/256 cells analogue memory and 16 successive approximation 10 bit A/D converters. The circuit amplifies and samples at 40 MS/s the input signal in a continuous way; when an external trigger signal validates the acquisition, the sampling is stopped and the data are digitized at lower speed (0.5 MS/s). The chip has been designed and fabricated in a commercial. 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS technology. It has been extensively tested both on a bench and connected with the detector in several beam tests. In this paper both design issues and test results are presented. The commercial technology used for the design has been yield radiation tolerant with special layout techniques. Total dose irradiation tests are also presented.
Published: 2003

243. Recent results from beam tests of large area silicon drift detectors

Author: P. Cerello, Paolo Giubellino, Claudio Piemonte, Richard Wheadon, A. Kolojvari, F. Tosello, M. I. Martínez, Angelo Rivetti, V. Bonvicini, Giovanni Mazza, E. Crescio, L. M. Montaño, Alexander Rashevsky, D. Nouais, A. Vacchi, M. Bondila, and Stefano Piano
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Semiconductor device, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Optics, chemistry, Measuring instrument, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Test data
Abstract: Silicon drift detectors with an active area of 7.0 × 7.5 cm 2 will equip the two middle layers of the Inner Tracking System of the ALICE experiment. The performance of several prototypes was studied during beam tests carried out at the CERN SPS facility. The results of the beam test data analysis are discussed in this paper.
Published: 2002

244. Study of the P̄ANDA pixel detector performances in a beam test with pions of 10 GeV/c momentum

Author: F. De Mori, L. Zotti, P. De Remigis, G. Mazza, A. Filippi, D. Calvo, Angelo Rivetti, S. Marcello, and Richard Wheadon
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Momentum, Data acquisition, Optics, Antiproton, Antimatter, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: A beam test of different prototypes of single chip hybrid pixel assembly, aimed for the ANDA Micro-Vertex-Detector, was performed at the T9 facility of CERN-PS in August 2012. Their data acquisition was operated with continuous readout as foreseen in the experiment. In this paper the experimental set-up of the test and the data analysis are described and then the results are discussed.
Published: 2014

245. A free-running, time-based readout method for particle detectors

Author: V Di Pietro, C Gaston, Viesturs Veckalns, A. Goerres, Joao Varela, Richard Wheadon, M.D. Rolo, Tobias Stockmanns, J. Ritman, R. Silva, R. Bugalho, A Riccardi, Fernanda Medeiros Gonçalves, Marco Mignone, J. C. da Silva, A. Di Francesco, Angelo Rivetti, and Giovanni Mazza
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Detector, Electrical engineering, Tracking system, 02 engineering and technology, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Particle detector, Time of flight, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Application-specific integrated circuit, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: For the EndoTOFPET-US experiment, the TOFPET ASIC has been developed as a front-end chip to read out data from silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) [1]. It introduces a time of flight information into the measurement of a PET scanner and hence reduces radiation exposure of the patient [2]. The chip is designed to work with a high event rate up to 100 kHz and a time resolution of 50 ps LSB. Using two threshold levels, it can measure the leading edge of the event pulse precisely while successfully suppressing dark counts from the SiPM. This also enables a time over threshold determination, leading to a charge measurement of the signal's pulse. The same, time-based concept is chosen for the PASTA chip used in the PANDA experiment. This high-energy particle detector contains sub-systems for specific measurement goals. The innermost of these is the Micro Vertex Detector, a silicon-based tracking system. The PASTA chip's approach is much like the TOFPET ASIC with some differences. The most significant ones are a changed amplifying part for different input signals as well as protection for radiation effects of the high-radiation environment. Apart from that, the simple and general concept combined with a small area and low power consumption support the choice for using this approach.
Published: 2014
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246. Timing Capabilities of Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors

Author: A. Zatserklyaniy, Francesca Cenna, Vitaliy Fadeyev, A. Seiden, F. Marchetto, G. Dellacasa, G. Mazza, A. Picerno, V. Greco, S. Garbolino, V. Monaco, Riccardo Bellan, Pablo Fernandez-Martinez, M. Baselga, David Quirion, Roberto Sacchi, Giulio Pellegrini, H. F-W. Sadrozinski, Fabio Ravera, N. Cartiglia, Maria Margherita Obertino, Angelo Rivetti, Roberta Arcidiacono, Salvador Hidalgo, Ada Solano, and N. Spencer
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Timing detectors, Silicon detectors, simulations, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Ultra fast, business
Published: 2014

247. The ALICE Silicon Drift Detector System

Author: Marek Idzik, V. Bonvicini, P. Cerello, S. Kouchpil, Paolo Giubellino, L. Riccati, E. López Torres, Stefano Piano, Anatoly Kolozhvari, M. Bondila, Claudio Piemonte, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Germán Mazza, M. I. Martínez, Alexander Rashevsky, D. Nouais, E. Crescio, S. Beole, Angelo Rivetti, A. Vacchi, F. Tosello, and Richard Wheadon
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Silicon, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking (particle physics), Computer Science::Numerical Analysis, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Optics, chemistry, ALICE (propellant), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract: The project of the two Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) layers of the ALICE Inner Tracking System is reviewed, with details on the barrel construction and on the front-end electronics. The results on the SDD spatial resolution are reported as obtained in the 2000 beam test from a whole drift region of the detector.
Published: 2001

248. A large dynamic range radiation-tolerant analog memory in a quarter- micron CMOS technology

Author: G. Anelli, Francis Anghinolfi, and Angelo Rivetti
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Dynamic range, Electrical engineering, Linearity, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Switched capacitor, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Capacitor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CMOS, law, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Sensitivity (electronics), Voltage
Abstract: An analog memory prototype containing 8*128 cells has been designed in a commercial quarter-micron CMOS process. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of designing large dynamic range mixed-mode switched capacitor circuits for high-energy physics (HEP) applications in deep submicron CMOS technologies. Special layout techniques have been used to make the circuit radiation tolerant. The memory cells employ gate-oxide capacitors for storage, permitting a very high density. A voltage write-voltage read architecture has been chosen to minimize the sensitivity to absolute capacitor values. The measured input voltage range is 2.3 V (the power supply voltage V/sub DD/ is equal to 2.5 V), with a linearity of almost 8 bits over 2 V. The dynamic range is more than 11 bits. The pedestal variation is +or-0.5 mV peak-to-peak. The noise measured, which is dominated by the noise of the measurement setup, is around 0.8 mV rms. The characteristics of the memory have been measured before irradiation and after 100 kGy (SiO/sub 2/), and they do not degrade after irradiation. (15 refs).
Published: 2001

249. The NA62 Gigatracker pixel detector system

Author: A. Ceccucci, J. Kaplon, G. Mazza, E. Cortina, Alexander Kluge, Pierre Jarron, Petra Riedler, G. Dellacasa, S. Tiuraniemi, A. Cotta Ramusino, Matthew Noy, S. Garbolino, S. Martoiu, F. Marchetto, Massimiliano Fiorini, Angelo Rivetti, E. Martin, and Fabrizio Petrucci
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Time resolution, Dead time, NA62 experiment, Hybrid pixel detector, Silicon pixel ASIC, TDC, Optics, chemistry, business, Particle density, Instrumentation, Pixel detector, Data transmission
Abstract: The silicon tracker for the NA62 experiment has to provide both a time resolution of 150 ps rms and a space resolution of about 100 mu m rms. These challenging specifications require the development of a new readout electronics in order to address the problem of measuring the tracks arrival time with such a high channel density. Moreover, the high particle density (up to 1.5 MHz/mm(2) in the center and 0.8-1 GHz in total) requires a high speed measurement and data transmission in order to keep the dead time below 1%. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010

250. Silicon drift detectors in the ALICE experiment

Author: Alexander Rashevsky, D. Nouais, L. M. Montaño, Paolo Giubellino, V. Bonvicini, A. Kolojvari, F. Tosello, R. Hernández-Montoya, P. Cerello, A. Vacchi, Angelo Rivetti, Jan Nissinen, E. Crescio, and Germán Mazza
Subjects: Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking system, Nuclear physics, Optics, chemistry, Cluster (physics), Calibration, ALICE (propellant), business, Event (particle physics), Beam (structure)
Abstract: Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) are well suited to high-energy physics experiments with relatively low event rates. In particular SDDs will be used for the two intermediate layers of the Inner Tracking System of the ALICE experiment. Beam test results of linear SDD prototypes have shown a resolution of 40×30 μm2 and a cluster finding efficiency of essentially 100% with E=600 V/cm.
Published: 2000

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