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Ship-based time series, some now approaching over 3 decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous marine carbon sensors and technologies over the last 2 decades have led to the expansion of observations at fixed time series sites, thereby improving the capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability in the ocean. Here, we present a data product of 40 individual autonomous moored surface ocean pCO 2 (partial pressure of CO 2 ) time series established between 2004 and 2013, 17 also include autonomous pH measurements. These time series characterize a wide range of surface ocean carbonate conditions in different oceanic (17 sites), coastal (13 sites), and coral reef (10 sites) regimes. A time of trend emergence (ToE) methodology applied to the time series that exhibit well-constrained daily to interannual variability and an estimate of decadal variability indicates that the length of sustained observations necessary to detect statistically significant anthropogenic trends varies by marine environment. The ToE estimates for seawater pCO 2 and pH range from 8 to 15 years at the open ocean sites, 16 to 41 years at the coastal sites, and 9 to 22 years at the coral reef sites. Only two open ocean pCO 2 time series, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station (WHOTS) in the subtropical North Pacific and Stratus in the South Pacific gyre, have been deployed longer than the estimated trend detection time and, for these, deseasoned monthly means show estimated anthropogenic trends of 1.9±0.3 and 1.6±0.3μatm yr -1 , respectively. In the future, it is possible that updates to this product will allow for the estimation of anthropogenic trends at more sites; however, the product currently provides a valuable tool in an accessible format for evaluating climatology and natural variability of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in a variety of regions. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.7289/V5DB8043 and https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/Moorings/ndp097.html (Sutton et al., 2018).

Permafrost is a strongly controlling factor on Arctic hydrology due to its effect on ground permeability, and thus surface and ground water flow paths. As wildfires are increasing in occurrence and magnitude in permafrost regions, they may alter the hydrological regime via permafrost thaw and degradation that increases ground permeability. Thus, it is hypothesized that in permafrost regions catchments exposed to severe wildfire burn may display a river discharge behavior different to that of unburned catchments, with reduced maximum and increased minimum flows corresponding to higher infiltration of precipitation and extended sub-surface flow paths. This study compares the seasonality and magnitude of runoff in severely burned (Odei River) and unburned (Taylor River) catchments in the sporadic permafrost region in the Canadian Shield Taiga. The investigated time span consists of 25 full calendar years with complete daily and monthly river discharge data between 1980 and 2016. They are used in conjunction with burned area data, climate data and landcover data to investigate patterns in hydrology behavior. An emerging trend is a sharply declining maximum flow and increasing minimum flow relative to precipitation in the burned catchment, indicating an accelerated increase in infiltration and buffer capacity of the soil relative to the unburned catchment. Over the entire period the apparent annual catchment storage change is decreasing in both catchments, but at a 115% faster rate in the burned catchment despite being exposed to ~1.5 C lower mean annual temperature, a factor that likely increases the rate of climate-driven aggradation of permafrost in the contrasting unburned catchment. The discrepancy found in catchment streamflow regime between the burned and unburned catchment and its alignment with the suggested permafrost disturbance effects from previous studies suggest that streamflow may serve as a useful and resource efficient indicator of wildfire-driven permafrost degradation.

In Myanmar "othering" has severe consequences for religious groups, including contributing to escalate and sustain violent conflicts. Religious doctrine is among several other factors that inform the views on the "religious other". This paper analyzes "theology of religions" and representation of the "religious other" in one religious group in Myanmar: The majority Christian denomination, the Baptists, with a scope related to Northern Myanmar, particularly Kachin State. The findings are that there is no uniform way in which Christian Baptists in Myanmar, and related to Kachin State, deal with the "religious other". The findings suggest, however, that related to their "theologies of religions" Christian minority voices are mainly concerned with the Buddhist majority. This in a way in which the "religious other" from other religious groups are not of great concern. Conflicts and conflictual relations in which also religious identities across religious groups are present served but more as an implicit backdrop. Instead, positive social representation and explicitly encouraging peace-seeking engagement and relationships with the "religious other" were highlighted by some. Calls for cooperation among Christian groups were also highlighted. In addition, however, an important finding in the analyzed material was that there to a great extent was a Christian inter-group positioning with “in-grouping” and “out-grouping” - including affirmation or rejection of the "theology of religions" - of other Christian sub-groups or individuals. As such, the negative "othering" by some Christians were interestingly not mainly concerned with the "religious other", but with the "denominational other".

We investigate quantization properties of Hermitian metrics on holomorphic vector bundles over homogeneous compact K\"ahler manifolds. This allows us to study operators on Hilbert function spaces using vector bundles in a new way. We show that Yang--Mills metrics can be quantized in a strong sense and for equivariant vector bundles we deduce a strong stability property which supersedes Gieseker-stability. We obtain interesting examples of generalized notions of contractive, isometric, and subnormal operator tuples which have geometric interpretations related to holomorphic vector bundles over coadjoint orbits.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder with symptoms of hyperandrogenism, insulin-resistance and anovulation in women which creates a disposition for other disorders, like Type 2 Diabetes. Drosophila Melanogaster flies have short generation, low cost-management and share several signaling pathways with humans and are therefore an excellent tools to study disease aetiology – yet no such model exists for PCOS. This thesis aimed to create such PCOS-like disease model through treatment of Drosophila Melanogaster adults and larvae with 5-α Dihydrotestosterone and/or high sugar diet. The samples were studied by measuring weight, fecundity, total glycerol concentration and Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT qPCR) using PCOS-related orthologue genes. While previous studies have frequently studied the effects of high sugar diets on Drosophila Melanogaster – there are no previous studies that have studied the effects of 5-α Dihydrotestosterone, with or without high sugar diet, on the weight, fecundity and gene expression of Drosophila Melanogaster. Results showed that larva raised on high sugar diet had traits resembling an insulin-resistant phenotype while the fecundity of flies treated with high sugar diet was significantly lower than those treated with standard sugar diet and DHT. RT qPCR showed overexpression of the standard sugar diet and DHT groups in the investigated genes EcR, Med, TOLL, THADA and FOXO. The conclusion, based on the results, is that insulin-resistance was produced but that more studies are required before a complete PCOS-like disease model is possible in Drosophila Melanogaster.

This report present results from simulations of simply supported concrete slab bridges for railway traffic. The geometry follows the Swedish standard deck models according to design drawing B2447-2 and B2447-8, with span lengths ranging from 2-8 m. For each bridge four different configurations are studied; straight or skewed bridge deck and short or long edge beams. In addition, a case of higher mass due to increased ballast depth is studied. In total 78 different bridge configurations are included. According to the numerical models the first natural frequency range from about 15-80 Hz depending on span length and configuration. In all simulations the first three modes of vibration are included. The limit criteria is a peak deck acceleration of 3.5 m/s2 when loaded by the HSLM-A train model. Including a speed safety factor 1.2 according to EN 1991-2 results in an allowable speed that range from 175-350 km/h depending on the bridge configuration. The allowable speed is somewhat higher for the skewed bridges compared to straight bridges. Increased mass results in lower acceleration but also lower resonance speed. An increase in ballast depth from 0.6 to 1.2 m generally results in lower allowable speed, except for the shortestbridges in the study. It should be noted that the above conclusions are based only on simulations. Before upgrading these bridges to speeds higher than 200 km/h experimental validation is recommended. On the other hand, most existing real trains are likely to result insignificantly lower dynamic response compared to the HSLM-A trains. QC 20191025

Fysisk aktivitet i skolan är ett ämne som har debatterats under senare år och nu har regeringen fattat beslut om att öka antalet timmar i idrottsämnet i grundskolan. Tidigare utbildningsminister, Gustav Fridolin har sagt att han tror att denna ökning också kommer att leda till ökade chanser att nå kunskapskraven även i andra ämnen. (regeringen.se) Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur lärare upplever att fysisk aktivitet påverkar elevernas inlärning och koncentration. Metoden som använts har varit kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer med lärare som har arbetat eller arbetar på såväl gymnasieprogram med idrottsinriktning som övriga gymnasieprogram. Intervjuerna transkriberades efter att de genomförts och jag valde ut relevant information för att besvara studiens syfte. Resultatet visade hur lärarna svarade på frågor om hur de upplevde att gruppklimatet och inlärning och koncentration skiljde sig mellan klasser som har mycket fysisk aktivitet i schemat i förhållande till övriga klasser. Resultatet beskriver också hur lärarna resonerade kring hur elever påverkades lektionen efter en idrottslektion i fråga om koncentration och inlärning, samt hur många idrottstimmar per vecka de ansåg att gymnasielever bör ha. Generellt visade det sig att respondenterna upplevde den fysiska aktiviteten som positiv i frågan om dessa aspekter. Mycket av forskningen som jag hittat kring fysisk aktivitet och inlärning och koncentration har fokuserat på yngre barn, men jag har inte hittat studier på hur ungdomar i gymnasieåldern påverkas av fysisk aktivitet i fråga om inlärning och koncentration, så det anser jag vara ett relevant ämne för fortsatta studier.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att studera hur flöjt- och oboelärare erfar fenomenet undervisningsmetodik. För att uppnå detta syfte utgår studien från följande forskningsfrågor: Hur ser oboelärare på undervisningsmetodik som redskap i sin instrumentalundervisning? Hur ser flöjtlärare på undervisningsmetodik som redskap i sin instrumentalundervisning? Vilka likheter- och/eller skillnader finns det inom undervisningsmetodiken som redskap för instrumentalundervisning på flöjt och oboe? Studien omfattar en kvalitativ intervjustudie på musik- eller kulturskolor i Sverige med tre flöjtlärare och tre oboelärare och tar avstamp i det teoretiska perspektivet fenomenologi. Forskningsmetoden för studien bottnar i semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan transkriberats och analyserats med tematisk analys. Resultatet bärs upp av fyra teman. Dessa fyra teman är: Allmän musikdidaktik, (trä)blåsmetodik, flöjtmetodik samt oboemetodik. Det första temat präglas av övergripande lektionsstrukturer, övningar men även förhållningssätt till undervisningsmetodik. Den sammantagna slutsatsen gällande fenomenet allmän musikdidaktik är innebörden av relationsarbetet med eleven men även yttre förutsättningar som färgar undervisningsmetodiken. Det andra temat belyser träblåsmusikers gemensamma beröringspunkter om vad det innebär att spela ett blåsinstrument. Lärarna erfar fenomenet andning som en gemensam och fundamental utgångspunkt men även en gemensam uppsättning repertoar. Det tredje och fjärde temat belyser flöjtens och oboens olikheter och förutsättningar för spel. Några exempel på skillnader instrumenten emellan är oboens dubbelrör vilket är något som flöjtspelet inte har. Även om flöjt och oboe är båda blåsinstrument visar resultatet på två skilda syner på blåsteknik. Flöjtspel handlar om förmågan att släppa iväg mycket luft medan oboespel handlar om att hålla igen med luft och att stå emot det höga trycket som bildas. I det påföljande diskussionskapitlet sätts resultatet i förhållande till tidigare litteratur och forskning. The purpose of this study is to examine how flute and oboe teachers experience the phenomenon of methodology. To achieve this goal, the study is based on the following research questions: What are the oboe teachers view on methodology as tools in their instrumental education? What are the flute teachers view on methodology as a tool in their instrumental education? Which similarities and / or differences are there in the methodology as a tool for music instrument education on flute and oboe? The study is presented in a qualitative case study at music schools in Sweden with three flute teachers and three oboe teachers and is based on the theoretical perspective phenomenology. The research method for the study is based on semi structured interviews which have then been transcribed and analyzed with thematic analysis. The result is presented in four themes. These four themes are: General music didactics, (wood)wind methodology, flute methodology and oboe methodology. The first theme is characterized by general lesson structures, exercises but also the teachers approach to methodology. The overall conclusion regarding the phenomenon of general music didactics is the meaning of the relationship work with the student but also external conditions that color the methodology. The second theme highlights the common areas of woodwind musicians and what it means to play a wind instrument. The teachers experience the phenomenon of breathing as a common and fundamental starting point, but also a common set of repertoires. The third and fourth themes highlights the differences between the flute and the oboe and the conditions for play. Some examples of the differences between the instruments are the double reed of the oboe which is something that flute does not have. Although flute and oboe are both wind instruments the result shows two different visions on blowing techniques. Flute playing is about the ability to release a lot of air while oboe playing is about holding back with air and resisting the high pressure that is created. In the following discussion chapter, the result is set in relation to previous literature and research.