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Reflex locomotion therapy (RLT) was developed by Vaclav Vojta in 1954 as a diagnostic and treatment tool. This therapy is mainly used to rehabilitate children with motor disorders and risk of cerebral palsy. It is also used for adults with neurological and motor impairment. RLT is based on specific postures and regular stimulation points through which a series of reflex responses are triggered. The neurophysiological mechanisms of this therapy have recently been discovered. This study aims to objectively evaluate muscular responses at the abdominal level after stimulation in the first phase of reflex rolling by showing, with surface electromyography analysis (sEMG), the muscular activity in trunk stabilizing muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and serratus anterior) before, during, and after the application of RLT. A total sample of 27 healthy subjects over 18 years of age was recruited. An experimental study on a cohort was conducted. Two experimental conditions were considered: stimuli according to the Vojta protocol, and a control non-STI condition. Regarding muscular electrical activity, statistically significant differences were determined in all muscles during right-sided stimulation in the VSTI condition (p < 0.001), but not in the non-STI condition. The mean increase in muscle activity in the VSTI condition during the first stimulation ranged from 7% to 20% in the different abdominal muscles. In conclusion, an sEMG response was observed in the abdominal muscles during stimulation of the pectoral area as described in RLT, compared to stimulation of non-described areas.

There is limited scientific evidence on the cetuximab exposure-response relationship and no concentration threshold has been associated with optimal disease control. The aims were to assess, in a real-life setting, the relationship between steady state cetuximab concentrations (Ctrough, SS) and disease control.A prospective observational study in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer or head and neck cancer treated with cetuximab. Steady state trough concentrations were compared with the results of radiological assessment of response (progression or clinical benefit). Generalized estimating equations analysis was performed. To test the association between steady state concentrations and overall survival and progression-free survival, Cox proportional hazard models were developed. An optimal cut-off point was searched using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.A total of 30 steady state cetuximab concentrations from 16 patients were analysed. Median Ctrough, SS was 26.86 mg/L and there was marked inter- and intraindividual variability (standard deviation 32.4 mg/L and 16.9 mg/L, respectively). A positive association was found between cetuximab Ctrough, SS and clinical benefit (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.95-1.63, p = 0.113), although without reaching statistical significance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (n = 30) had moderate discrimination power (0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.49‑0.93), and the empirical optimal cutoff point was 19.12 mg/L. However, no association was observed between cetuximab Ctrough, SS and survival in metastatic colorectal cancer or neck cancer patients.We cannot confirm a relationship between cetuximab Ctrough, SS and disease control despite a positive association. This study was conducted with a small sample, which reduces the power analysis. Further controlled randomised studies with a sufficient number of patients are needed.Evaluar, en condiciones de vida real, la relación entre las concentraciones valle en estado estacionario de cetuximab y el control de la enfermedad, así como buscar la relación entre estas concentraciones y la supervivencia. Además, estudiar si existe una concentración límite que se pueda asociar con la probabilidad de beneficio clínico.Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo llevado a cabo en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal metastásico o cáncer de cabeza y cuello en tratamiento con cetuximab. Se realizó un análisis de regresión de ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas para evaluar la asociación entre la concentración valle en estado estacionario de cetuximab y la respuesta al tratamiento (progresión o beneficio clínico). Mediante modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, se evaluó la asociación entre la mediana de concentraciones valle en estado estacionario de cetuximab en cada paciente o la última medida con la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de progresión, en cada una de las patologías. Asimismo, se buscó un punto de corte óptimo a través del área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor.Se analizaron 30 muestras de 16 pacientes. La concentración valle en estado estacionario mediana fue 26,86 mg/l y se encontró una gran variabilidad inter e intraindividual (desviación estándar de 32,4 y 16,9 mg/l, respectivamente). Se observó una asociación positiva entre la concentración valle en estado estacionario y el beneficio clínico (odds ratio 1,24; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,95-1,63; p = 0,113), aunque no alcanzó significación estadística debido a la baja potencia. El área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor de las concentraciones (n = 30) tuvo una moderada capacidad discriminatoria (área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor 0,710; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,49-0,93) y el punto de corte estimado fue de 19,12 mg/l. Sin embargo, no se observó relación entre la supervivencia y las concentraciones valle en estado estacionario en ninguna de las patologías.No se ha podido confirmar una relación entre exposición a cetuximab y eficacia, a pesar de encontrar una tendencia positiva en el control de la enfermedad con el aumento de la concentración valle en estado estacionario. El nivel de evidencia se vio reducido por la pequeña muestra de pacientes en cada grupo, por lo que se necesitan estudios aleatorizados y controlados, con un número suficiente de pacientes, para evaluar adecuadamente esta relación.

Aims Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has adverse effects on outcomes, with limited therapeutic options. We report the outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous annuloplasty as a treatment of ≥severe functional TR in a single centre. Methods and results Prospective, single-arm, single-centre study that enrolled 24 consecutive patients with at least severe functional TR undergoing percutaneous annuloplasty with Cardioband system between 2019 and 2021. Clinical and echocardiographic data were prospectively collected, with a mean follow-up of 279 ± 246 days. At baseline, 66.6% were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classes III and IV and 100% had significant oedema. Technical success was 91.6%. At the end of follow-up, there was one death. Echocardiography showed a significant reduction in septolateral annular diameter of 10.4 mm (P Conclusion Percutaneous annuloplasty with Cardioband system is an effective and safe treatment for patients with symptomatic, ≥severe functional TR. Annular reduction and TR severity reduction remained significant and sustained for 1 year. Patients experienced improvements in quality of life and exercise capacity.

Análisis de nuevas “peñas sacras” del territorio de Alconétar, Cáceres, en el contexto de los yacimientos conocidos desde el Bronce Final y la Edad del Hierro a la Romanización. Este análisis muestra cómo se insertan los lugares sagrados en la evolución diacrónica del territorio y revela una concepción “sobrenatural” del paisaje, característica del mundo celta, basada en relaciones de intervisibilidad y en orientaciones topo-astronómicas, esencial para comprender el “paisaje sacro” en el imaginario prerromano. Esta concepción ideológica del paisaje prácticamente se ha conservado hasta la actualidad en un proceso de “larga duración”, por lo que permite documentar aspectos de la religión y de la mentalidad prerromanas que antes pasaban desapercibidos.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 outbreak, most hospitals deferred elective surgical procedures to allow space for the overwhelming number of COVID-19 patient admissions, expecting a decrease in routine blood component requirements. However, because transfusion support needs of COVID-19 patients are not well known, its impact on hospital blood supply is uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on transfusion demand. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Transfusion records during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1-April 30, 2020) were reviewed in our center to assess changes in blood requirements. RESULTS: During this period 636 patients received a total of 2934 blood components, which reflects a 17.6% reduction in transfusion requirements with regard to the same period of 2019, and blood donations in Madrid dropped by 45%. The surgical blood demand decreased significantly during the outbreak (50.2%). Blood usage in the hematology and oncology departments remained unchanged, while the day ward demand halved, and intensive care unit transfusion needs increased by 116%. A total of 6.2% of all COVID inpatients required transfusion support. COVID-19 inpatients consumed 19% of all blood components, which counterbalanced the savings owed to the reduction in elective procedures. CONCLUSION: Although only a minority of COVID-19 inpatients required transfusion, the expected reduction in transfusion needs caused by the lack of elective surgical procedures is partially offset by the large number of admitted patients during the peak of the pandemic. This fact must be taken into account when planning hospital blood supply.

La producción cultural de la clase obrera española ha recibido escaso reconocimiento histórico en España, país que presenta un modelo social que liga las prácticas artísticas y culturales a las clases media y alta. A partir de 2011, tras el movimiento político 15M, la crítica ha iniciado un tímido proceso de recuperación y revalorización de prácticas culturales que han sido consideradas de mal gusto o marginales en virtud del origen social de sus artífices y de su audiencia. La rumba suburbana de Los Chichos y Estopa es un ejemplo de cómo prácticas musicales de gran impacto y repercusión social han quedado relegadas en la reconstrucción de la memoria cultural e histórica de la España postfranquista. Este artículo documenta la falta de reconocimiento que la rumba suburbana ha recibido para reflexionar después, a través del análisis de la letra de temas representativos de los grupos antes mencionados, sobre el imaginario y la experiencia de la clase obrera.

Resumen Introduccion Las herramientas para analizar la casuistica en consultas externas son escasas e insatisfactorias. El objetivo de este trabajo de la Sociedad Castellano Manchega de Endocrinologia, Nutricion y Diabetes (SCAMEND) fue el desarrollo de una herramienta que permita analizar la casuistica de las consultas externas de Endocrinologia y Nutricion teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de la patologia atendida. Material y metodos Se definio el Indice SCAMEND de Complejidad en Consultas Externas de Endocrinologia y Nutricion (ISCCE-EyN) mediante metodo Delphi con dos rondas entre especialistas en Endocrinologia y Nutricion, comparando la complejidad de cada patologia con la de una revision de hipotiroidismo primario. Resultados Las primeras visitas fueron consideradas mas complejas que las visitas sucesivas. La patologia tiroidea no neoplasica y el sobrepeso/obesidad sin complicaciones fueron consideradas las patologias menos complejas, mientras que las metabolopatias, los sindromes de neoplasias endocrinas multiples y el carcinoma suprarrenal fueron consideradas las mas complejas. El grado de consenso fue elevado en la mayoria de las patologias analizadas. Conclusiones Presentamos una herramienta que permite analizar la casuistica de las consultas externas de Endocrinologia y Nutricion teniendo en cuenta la complejidad inherente a la patologia del paciente atendido. Esta herramienta puede servir para realizar comparaciones entre centros, para asignar mejores recursos dentro de un determinado servicio o para la autoevaluacion.

Introduction The tools for analyzing the case-mix in outpatient care are scarce and unsatisfactory. The objective of this work by the Sociedad Castellano Manchega de Endocrinologia, Nutricion y Diabetes (SCAMEND) was the development of a tool that allows to analyze the the case-mix in outpatient care in Endocrinology and Nutrition considering the complexity of the patient disease. Material and methods The SCAMEND index of complexity in outpatient care in Endocrinology and Nutrition (ISCCE-EyN) was defined using the Delphi method with two rounds between endocrinologists, comparing the complexity of each consult with that of a review visit of primary hypothyroidism. Results The first visits were considered more complex than the successive visits. Non-neoplastic thyroid pathology and uncomplicated overweight/obesity were considered the least complex diseases, while metabolopathies, multiple endocrine neoplasm syndromes and adrenal carcinoma were considered the most complex. The degree of consensus was high in most of the diseases analyzed. Conclusions We present a tool that allows to analyze the case-mix in outpatient care in Endocrinology and Nutrition considering the inherent complexity of the disease of the patient attended. This tool can be used to make comparisons between centres, to better allocate resources within a given service or for self-evaluation.

La violencia filio-parental (VFP) es un tipo de violencia intrafamiliar que ha cobrado visibilidad social y científica en los últimos años. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar distintas formas de VFP y su relación con dos grupos de variables. Por un lado, el género, la edad, la estructura familiar, el curso, el rendimiento académico, el consumo de drogas, la frecuencia de dicho consumo y el diagnóstico de psicopatología. Por otro lado, la exposición a la violencia, el calor parental, el autoconcepto, el sexismo, el narcisismo y la psicopatía. Los participantes fueron 225 estudiantes de instituto, de 14 a 20 años, el 54.7% chicas. Las tasas de VFP fueron inferiores a las de estudios españoles previos pero semejantes a las de otros países. La mayoría de los participantes realizaron una sola conducta, insultar, y la conducta de pegar nunca apareció sola, sino en combinación con al menos otras dos conductas. El análisis de los datos mostró que la capacidad de las variables estudiadas para predecir la VFP varía para cada conducta específica. Los resultados se discuten proponiendo que los estudios futuros consideren la VFP como un problema social que trasciende la relación padres-hijos. Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a type of domestic violence that has gained social and scientific visibility in recent years. The objective of this study is to analyze different forms of CPV and their relationship with two groups of variables. The first group includes gender, age, family structure, school year, academic performance, drug use, frequency of drug use and diagnosis of psychopathology. The second analyzes exposure to violence, parental warmth, self-concept, sexism, narcissism and psychopathy. The participants were 225 high school students from 14 to 20 years old, 54.7% of them girls. The CPV rates were lower than those of previous Spanish studies but similar to those in other countries. Most participants engaged in only one behavior, insulting, and hitting never appeared alone, but in combination with at least two other behaviors. The analysis of the data showed that the ability of the variables under study to predict CPV varies for each specific behavior. The results are discussed by proposing that future studies consider CPV as a social problem that goes beyond parent-child relations.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la práctica reflexiva como elemento facilitador del conocimiento práctico. Para ello, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de 52 diarios de clase, realizados por estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria, de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), España, durante el curso académico 2016-2017. El análisis muestra que los diarios de clase son un instrumento eficaz para desarrollar el pensamiento reflexivo de los profesores, facilitan el aprendizaje experiencial y permiten el desarrollo de competencias profesionales necesarias para el ejercicio docente. Abstract This paper aims to discuss reflection as a facilitator of practical knowledge. For this, a qualitative analysis is carried out on 52 class journals of students of the Master’s Degree in Secondary Education Teacher Training at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Spain, during 2016-2017. The analysis shows that class journals are a useful instrument for developing teachers’ reflective thinking, facilitating experiential learning, and acquiring professional teaching skills. Resumo Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a prática reflexiva como facilitadora do conhecimento prático. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa de 52 diários de aula, de autoria de estudantes do mestrado de Formação de Docentes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, da Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Espanha), durante 2016 e 2017. A análise mostra que os diários de aula são um instrumento eficaz para desenvolver o pensamento reflexivo dos professores, facilitar a aprendizagem experiencial e permitir o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais necessárias para o exercício docente.

Walnut shell residues have been used as a sacrificial template in the synthesis of TiO2-based materials via mechanochemical synthesis. To improve the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized ti...

As in other areas of the health system, COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on hospital compounding. This area has faced numerous challenges, including the shortage of frequent-use products (hydroalcoholic solutions, lopinavir/ritonavir suspension), the use of new preparations for SARS-CoV-2 (tocilizumab, remdesivir), or requests from overwhelmed wards unable to assume the safe preparation of a high volume of medications (intravenous solutions). The demand for all types of preparations (topic and oral medications, intravenous solutions) has increased dramatically. This increase has highlighted the shortage of resources allocated to this area, which has made it difficult to meet the high demand for preparations. In addition, the pandemic has revealed the scarcity of research on such basic aspects as agent stability and drug compatibility. One of the most relevant conclusions drawn from the COVID-19 pandemic is that the basic areas of hospital pharmacy, along with other, must be maintained and reinforced, as these are the areas that make us essential.

BET (Biological Engineering Technology) formula uses fluids with high albumin concentration to resuscitate burn patients. It estimates fluid resuscitation as a function of Body Burned Surface Area (BBSA) (ml/h = BBSA (m2) × 220) and administers it through a combination of lactated ringer and 20% Albumin starting at a 1:1 relationship. The proportion of albumin is decreased every 8 h, and infusion rate is modified according to urinary output. The study’s purpose was to review resuscitation related variables of all burned patients treated in our unit using BET formula. We retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to our critical care burn unit during a five year period. Only those admitted within the first 12 h post-burn injury were considered. 40 patients met all inclusion criteria. Resuscitation volume during the first 24 h was 2.58 ml/kg/%BBSA, significantly less than Parkland’s estimation (4 ml/kg/%BBSA; P

Introduction: Inflammasomes are recognized as key components of the innate immune response in sepsis. We aimed to describe the transcriptional expression of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat–containing receptor, pyrin domain–containing-3 (NLRP3), and serum interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) in critically ill patients, their changes over the first week and their prognostic value in septic patients. Methods: Prospective study including patients with sepsis based on Sepsis-3 definitions and a control group of critically ill patients without sepsis. We measured the circulating levels of IL-1β as well as the transcriptional expression of NLRP3 at admission and on days 3 and 7. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 activation was analyzed in a matched cohort of patients with septic shock (four dead and four survivors). Results: Fifty-five septic patients and 11 non-septic patients were studied. Levels on day 0 and 3 of IL-1 β and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were significantly higher in patients with sepsis than in controls. NLRP3 was significantly higher in septic patients who survived at day 7 without significant difference between survivors and non-survivors at baseline and on day 3. In survivors, an increased caspase-1 protein expression with reduced expression caspase-3 was observed with the opposite pattern in those who died. Conclusions: NLRP3 is activated in critically ill patients but this up-regulation is more intense in patients with sepsis. In sepsis, a sustained NLRP3 activation during the first week is protective and sepsis. An increased caspase-1 protein expression with reduced expression caspase-3 is the pattern observed in septic shock patients who survive.

The iron chelator deferasirox is widely used in patients with iron overload. Patients with low-grade myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) get transfusion dependency and need to be treated with deferasirox to avoid iron overload. Moreover, in some patients an increase in both erythroid and platelets have been observed after deferasirox therapy. However, the mechanisms involved in these clinical findings are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to analyze, in patients treated with deferasirox, the changes in the gene-expression profile after receiving the treatment. A total of 15 patients with the diagnosis of low-grade MDS were studied. Microarrays were carried out in RNA from peripheral blood before and after 14 weeks of deferasirox therapy. Changes in 1457 genes and 54 miRNAs were observed: deferasirox induced the downregulation of genes related to the Nf kB pathway leading of an overall inactivation of this pathway. In addition, the iron chelator also downregulated gamma interferon. Altogether these changes could be related to the improvement of erythroid response observed in these patients after therapy. Moreover, the inhibition of NFE2L2/NRF2, which was predicted in silico, could be playing a critical role in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Of note, miR-125b, overexpressed after deferasirox treatment, could be involved in the reduced inflammation and increased hematopoiesis observed in the patients after treatment. In summary this study shows, for the first time, the mechanisms that could be governing deferasirox impact in vivo., This work was partially supported by grants from the Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI15/01471, PI17/01741, PI18/01500, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “Una manera de hacer Europa”, “Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León” (SA271P18), “Proyectos de Investigación del SACYL”, Spain: GRS 1847/A/18, GRS 1653/A17, GRS 1850/A/18, “Fundación Memoria Don Samuel Solórzano Barruso”, by grants (RD12/0036/0069) from Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC CB16/12/00233). JMHS and AERV are supported by a research grant by FEHH (“Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia”).

espanolEn Espana, se consideran aguas mineromedicinales sulfatadas aquellas que tienen una mineralizacion de al menos 1 gr/l de residuo seco y contienen mas de un 20 % de mEq/l de ion sulfato. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar el contenido de esta sustancia en las aguas mineromedicinales de 93 balnearios espanoles. Asi como sus aplicaciones e indicaciones en los distintos sistemas o aparatos del cuerpo humano. De las aguas de los 93 balnearios analizadas 27 (25 %) pueden clasificarse como sulfatadas. El rango de concentraciones varia de 48.824 a 307 mg/L. Las aplicaciones de las aguas en estos balnearios son en aparato locomotor, respiratorio, digestivo y dermatologia, por este orden. EnglishIn Spain, sulphated spring waters are considered as those with a mineral content of at least 1g/L of dry residue consisting of over 20% mEq/L of both sulphated ions. The aim of this work is to determine the content of these substances in the water of 93 spanish spas. As well as the application and indications in different systems or apparatus of human body. From the waters of the 93 spas analysed 27 (25 %) can be classified as sulphated water. The range concentration from 48824 to 307 mg/L. Applications these spas are rheumatic, respiratory, digestives and dermatology diseases, in this order.

Purpose: To assess whether a clinical simulation-based obstetric blood loss quantification workshop for medical undergraduate trainees improves theoretical–practical knowledge, along with self-assurance and self-confidence. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post learning study conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit of the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. Participants were volunteer students in their fourth year of a 6-year degree course in Medicine. The study period was divided into the stages: pre-workshop, intra-workshop, 2 weeks post-workshop and 6 months post-workshop. In the pre-workshop stage, students completed a brief online course in preparation for the workshop. The effectiveness of the workshop was assessed through multiple choice tests and self-administered questionnaires. Data were compared between time-points using statistical tests for paired samples. Results: Of the 142 students invited (age 21.94 ± 3.12 years), 138 accepted the offer of the workshop (97.2%), and 85.4% had no experience in managing blood loss. Between the stages pre- and 2 weeks post-workshop, significant improvements were observed in theoretical–practical knowledge (μ = 1.109), self-assurance and self-confidence. At the 6 months post-workshop stage, theoretical–practical knowledge diminished compared with 2 weeks post-workshop, returning to pre-workshop levels, while self-assurance and confidence failed to vary significantly in the longer term. Conclusions: The obstetric workshop improved theoretical–practical knowledge and the self-assurance and confidence of the medical students. Results 2 weeks post-workshop were maintained up until 6 months after the training intervention. The clinical simulation-based workshop was perceived by the students as useful and necessary.

Fruit ripening is an important process that affects fruit quality. A QTL in melon

Fruit ripening is an important process that affects fruit quality. In melon, ETHQV6.3, a QTL involved in climacteric ripening regulation, was previously found to be encoded by CmNAC-NOR, a homologue of the tomato NOR gene. To further investigate CmNAC-NOR function we have obtained two CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutants (nor-3 and nor-1) in the climacteric Védrantais background. nor-3, containing a 3-bp deletion altering the NAC domain A, resulted in ~8 days delay of ripening without affecting fruit quality. In contrast, nor-1 contained a 1-bp deletion resulting in a fully disrupted NAC domain, which completely blocked climacteric ripening. nor-1 fruits did not produce ethylene, abscission layer was not formed and there was no external color change. Additionally, volatile components were dramatically altered, seeds were not well developed and flesh firmness was also altered. nor-1 allele in heterozygosis showed ~20 days delay of fruit ripening. Our results provide new information regarding the function of CmNAC-NOR in melon fruit ripening, suggesting that it as a potential target to modulate shelf life in climacteric melon commercial varieties.

Fruit ripening is one of the main processes affecting fruit quality and shelf life. In melon there are both climacteric and non-climacteric genotypes, making it a suitable species to study fruit ripening. In the current study, in order to fine tune ripening, we have pyramided three climacteric QTLs in the non-climacteric genotype "Piel de Sapo": ETHQB3.5, ETHQV6.3 and ETHQV8.1. The results showed that the three QTLs interact epistatically, affecting ethylene production and ripening-related traits such as aroma profile. Each individual QTL has a specific role in the ethylene production profile. ETHQB3.5 accelerates the ethylene peak, ETHQV6.3 advances the ethylene production and ETHQV8.1 enhances the effect of the other two QTLs. Regarding aroma, the three QTLs independently activated the production of esters changing the aroma profile of the fruits, with no significant effects in fruit firmness, soluble solid content and fruit size. Understanding the interaction and the effect of different ripening QTLs offers a powerful knowledge for candidate gene identification as well as for melon breeding programs, where fruit ripening is one of the main objectives., This work was supported by grants AGL2015–64625-C2–1-R, RTI2018-097665-B-C2, SEV-2015-0533 and CEX2019-000902-S funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, and by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and 2017 SGR 1319 grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya to JGM. M.S.D. and L.V. were supported by grants BES-2017-079956 and PRE2018-086627 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”. CM was supported by 2019 FI_B 00124 fellowship from the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and the co-funding of the European Social Fund (ESF “ESF is investing in your future”) from the European Union., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000902-S)

This article shows the response offered by the UTEC-UNED-TECSUP Consortium to six Peruvian public (national) universities aimed at strengthening the digital competences of their communities, made up of managers, teachers, students, and support technicians. The contextual and situational diagnosis, which covered organizational, technological, and competence dimensions, revealed a series of cross-cutting needs related to technological skills that prevented the training or mobilization of the digital competences necessary for progress in the other dimensions under study. The response was an online training plan, consisting of three training programs and eighty-three courses. The pedagogical strategy was based on the scaling of competence achievements that ended with problem-solving and applications in daily activities. The accompaniment was carried out through virtual tutorials, distributed via synchronous and asynchronous sessions. In total, 5034 were involved—347 were teachers and managers, 4932 were students, and 25 were technical staff. The pedagogical and socio-emotional limitations of the university community, as well as the scarcity of technological resources and poor connectivity, meant that the plan was only partially implemented. Moreover, the short and intense period of development to which the universities were subjected was also a factor, It is hereby stated for the record that the UTEC-UNED-TECSUP Consortium—made up of the TECSUP N◦1 and TECSUP Association N◦ 2 (TECSUP); the University of Engineering and Technology (UTEC); and the National University of Distance Education (UNED)—provided funding through the Executing Unit 118 “Improvement of the Quality of Basic and Higher Education”— Program for the Improvement of the Quality and Relevance of University and Technological Higher Education Services at National Level of the Ministry of Education. Contract number: 063-2020- MCEBS; total cost of the service: S/1,822,165.5

Producción Científica, Single and double high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) cycles combined with soaking pre-treatment were applied on buckwheat (BW) whole-grain to enhance the nutritional, functional and bioactive properties of BW flour. Results showed modifications in the microstructure of pre-soaked and HHP treated samples which were associated with the appearance of disruptions on the surface of the starch granules. Combined treatments significantly (p < 0.05) affected the ability of the flours to produce a stable emulsion or foam layer. These treatments also resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the gelatinization enthalpy and in the peak viscosity of the flours, while increasing their stability versus heating and shearing. Combined treatments also enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the antioxidant properties with an increase of phenol content from 311 mg GAE/100g in native flour to 361 and 347 mg GAE/100g in pre-soaked and HHP-treated samples at single and double cycle, respectively. Moreover, those samples also exhibited higher minerals retention than un-soaked ones. The data obtained from this study demonstrated the efficiency of the application of combined soaking and HHP treatments on BW grains to enhance the nutritional and functional response of resulting BW flours providing a value-added ingredient with interest in the gluten-free baked goods industry., UVa/FUNGUVa-ITACyL 2018–2021 (grant PEP 2017/000659), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant PID2019- 110809RB-I00), Junta de Castilla y León - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant VA195P20)

The main objective of this study was to establish the psychosocial profile of adolescents and adults who have admitted to committing child-to-parent violence (CPV) and were serving a judicial sanction or prison sentence, respectively. Two groups of participants took part in this study. The first group was made up of 89 male youths who were serving judicial sanctions, and the second group was made up of 70 men serving a prison sentence. A cross-sectional retrospective design with concurrent measurements was used in this study. Group differences in the exposure-to-violence variables were conducted. Automatic regression models were used to estimate a self-reported CPV. In relation to the variables of indirect exposure to violence, statistically significant differences between those who admitted having committed CPV and those who did not, irrespective of being adults or adolescents, were found for seeing violence in class and at home but not for seeing violence on the street or on television. Regarding the variables related to experiencing violence, the results showed statistically significant differences in experiencing violence at home but not in class or on the street. The best predictive model of CPV includes some of the dimensions of self-concept, specifically academic and family self-concept, as well as the avoidant and rational problem-solving styles and the negative orientation toward problems. The results have shown the existence of a CPV offender profile that is common to minors and adults.

Presentación de la sección monográfica para el número 28 de Cuadernos de Ilustración y Romanticismo (2022).

Existen pocos estudios que presenten la imagen de la profesión de psicología en el contexto español. Este estudio de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, tiene como objetivo describir el estado actual de la opinión sobre la psicología que existe en la sociedad española. Se obtiene una muestra de 920 personas de forma incidental utilizando como instrumento un cuestionario específico. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo de las respuestas que generan un patrón global y se hace un agrupamiento por clúster, que divide a la muestra en cuatro perfiles específicos de respuestas. Los principales resultados indican que las opiniones son en general positivas, aunque todavía existen algunos mitos y visiones más tradicionales que se observan en algunos clúster, por lo que se ha de seguir trabajando en aumentar y mantener el conocimiento de la sociedad en relación con la profesión. There are few studies that present the image of the profession of psychology in the Spanish context. This descriptive and correlational study aims to describe the current state of opinion about psychology that exists in Spanish society. A sample of 920 people is obtained incidentally using a specific questionnaire as a tool. A descriptive analysis of the responses that generate a global pattern is carried out and done by cluster, which divides the sample into four specific response profiles. The main results indicate that opinions are generally positive, although there are still some myths and more traditional visions that are observed in some clusters, so work should be continued to increase and maintain the knowledge of society in relation to the profession.

To enlarge the applications of whole wheat grain (WWG) and wheat bran (WB) as functional ingredients in foodstuffs that can promote human health, researchers have explored bioprocessing approaches to improve the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from these food matrices and, subsequently, their biological effects. The objective of this study was to compare the composition in nutrients, anti-nutrients, and bioactive compounds of WWG and WB, and their respective bioprocessed products: sprouted wheat (GERM) and WB hydrolysate (stabilized by spray-drying [SPD] and microencapsulated [MEC]). In addition, to evaluate the functional properties of these ingredients, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were monitored in different digestion steps. GERM had increased amounts of insoluble dietary fiber, higher diversity of oligosaccharides, and higher concentration of monosaccharides, free phosphorous, and phenolic compounds than WWG. SPD had improved content of soluble dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, free phosphorous, and phenolic compounds (vs. WB), whereas MEC was mainly composed of protein and had nearly 2-fold lower content of SPD components. All the ingredients showed lower amounts of phytic acid as compared with raw materials. In all samples, hydroxycinnamic acids were the most representative polyphenols followed by minor amounts of hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonoids. Gastrointestinal digestion of GERM, SPD, and MEC revealed high stability of total phenolic compounds in both gastric and intestinal phases. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the most bioaccessible compounds during digestion among the three bioprocessed wheat ingredients studied, although their bioaccessibility varied across ingredients. In this sense, the bioaccessibility of ferulic acid (FA) derivatives increased in GERM with progression of the digestion, while it was reduced in SPD and MEC up to the end of the intestinal phase. Microencapsulation of SPD with pea protein led to generally to lower bioaccessible amounts of phenolic acids. Comparison analysis of biological effects highlighted SPD for its most potent antioxidant effects in the gastrointestinal tract (3 out 4 antioxidant parameters with highest values), while no clear differences were observed with regard to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, these results support the potential application of GERM, SPD, and MEC as functional and nutraceutical ingredients., This research was funded by FEDER/Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities-State Agency of Research (AEI/Spain and FEDER/UE) grant number AGL2017-83718-R. IT-S thanks to AEI/Spain and ESF/UE for her FPI fellowship (PRE2018-086464) and IJ-P to AEI/Spain and ESF/UE for his FPI fellowship (PRE2019-087824).

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function (sarcopenia). We have investigated whether a mixture of algae oil (25%) and extra virgin olive oil (75%) could exert beneficial effects on sarcopenia. Young (3 months) and old (24 months) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (OM) (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Aging decreased gastrocnemius weight, total protein, and myosin heavy chain mRNA. Treatment with the OM prevented these effects. Concomitantly, OM administration decreased the inflammatory state in muscle, it prevented the increase of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the decrease in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in aged rats. The OM was not able to prevent aging-induced alterations in either the insulin-like growth factor I/protein kinase B (IGF-I/Akt) pathway or in the increased expression of atrogenes in the gastrocnemius. However, the OM prevented decreased autophagy activity (ratio protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3b) II/I) induced by aging and increased expression of factors related with muscle senescence such as histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC-4), myogenin, and IGF-I binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5). These data suggest that the beneficial effects of the OM on muscle can be secondary to its anti-inflammatory effect and to the normalization of HDAC-4 and myogenin levels, making this treatment an alternative therapeutic tool for sarcopenia.