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The synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of Ru 3 (CO) 6 (η 5 -C 8 H 9 )(η 7 -C 8 H 9 ) are described.

A moving boundary numerical storm surge model has been developed. The model employs the time split explicit finite difference scheme to solve the partial differential equations that govern the propagation of storm surge waves. The water-land interfaces are considered as moving boundaries. Their propagation is determined along with the solution of surge calculations. Numerical experiments with both hypothetical and actual storms over the Gulf of Mexico and the southern coast of Maine indicate that the moving boundary model predicts a considerably lower surge than the fixed boundary model. Surge simulation over the southern coast of Maine confirms the intuitive assertion that the moving boundary and fixed boundary models would yield the same result if the inland slope is very steep. Various values of wind stress coefficient were reported by various investigators. Most of them were obtained by calibrating the simulated storm surge against the measured values. The majority of the calibrations and verifications were performed over coastal areas where the adjacent dry land has a very small or mild slope. All of the studies adopted the fixed boundary model as a tool. Had a moving boundary model been used for calibration in the coastal areas with very mild slope ofmore » adjacent dry land, the wind stress coefficient would have been higher since the physical unreality of a vertically fixed boundary must be compensated for by the wind stress coefficient in calibration with a fixed boundary model. Thus, it is suggested that extensive recalibration of wind stress coefficients with a moving boundary model should be done, in particular, for those cases with flat dry land abutted to the coast-line such as the south Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico.« less

SummaryObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the role of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and EAA transporters (EAATs) in an osteoarthritis (OA) model of rabbit knees.MethodsOA was induced in New Zealand white male rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in one knee of one hind limb; the other knee left unoperated. Rabbits that received ACLT of knee were assigned to the ACLT group (n=6), while a sham-operated group (n=6) underwent arthrotomy with no ACLT. Six naïve rabbits that received no surgery were used as normal control. The width of the knee joint was measured to determine the severity of joint inflammation. Before operation and at 10, 20, and 30 weeks after operation, knee joint dialysates were collected by microdialysis and assayed for EAAs by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gross morphology and histopathology and EAATs glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expression in the articular cartilage of the knees were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.ResultsIn the ACLT knees, a significant increase in the joint width was observed (5.3±0.9mm, P