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647 results on '"Altman, John"'

219. Direct Analysis of Viral-Specific CD8+ T Cells with Soluble HLA-A2/Tax11-19 Tetramer Complexes in Patients with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus-Associated Myelopathy

Author

Bieganowska, Katarzyna, primary, Höllsberg, Per, additional, Buckle, Guy J., additional, Lim, Dong-Gyun, additional, Greten, Tim F., additional, Schneck, Jonathan, additional, Altman, John D., additional, Jacobson, Steven, additional, Ledis, Stephen L., additional, Hanchard, Barrie, additional, Chin, Jonathan, additional, Morgan, Owen, additional, Roth, Patricia A., additional, and Hafler, David A., additional

Published
1999
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234. Phenotypic Analysis of Antigen-Specific T Lymphocytes

Author

Altman, John D., primary, Moss, Paul A. H., additional, Goulder, Philip J. R., additional, Barouch, Dan H., additional, McHeyzer-Williams, Michael G., additional, Bell, John I., additional, McMichael, Andrew J., additional, and Davis, Mark M., additional

Published
1996
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244. Discovery of deoxyceramides and diacylglycerols as CD1b scaffold lipids among diverse groove-blocking lipids of the human CD1 system.

Author

Shouxiong Huang, Tan-Yun Cheng, Young, David C., Layre, Emilie, Madigan, Cressida A., Shires, John, Cerundolo, Vincenzo, Altman, John D., and Moody, D. Branch

Subjects
LIPIDS, BIOMOLECULES, T cells, CD antigens, BIOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

Unlike the dominant role of one class II invariant chain peptide (CLIP) in blocking MHC class II, comparative lipidomics analysis shows that human cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d bind lipids corresponding to hundreds of diverse accurate mass retention time values. Although most ions were observed in association with several CD1 proteins, ligands binding selectively to one CD1 isoform allowed the study of how differing antigen-binding grooves influence lipid capture. Although the CD1b groove is distinguished by its unusually large volume (2,200 Å3) and the T' tunnel, the average mass of compounds eluted from CD1b was similar to that of lipids from CD1 proteins with smaller grooves. Elution of small ligands from the large CD1b groove might be explained if two small lipids bind simultaneously in the groove. Crystal structures indicate that all CD1 proteins can capture one antigen with its hydrophilic head group exposed for T-cell recognition, but CD1b structures show scaffold lipids seated below the antigen. We found that ligands selectively associated with CD1b lacked the hydrophilic head group that is generally needed for antigen recognition but interferes with scaffold function. Furthermore, we identified the scaffolds as deoxyceramides and diacylglycerols and directly demonstrate a function in augmenting presentation of a small glycolipid antigen to T cells. Thus, unlike MHC class II, CD1 proteins capture highly diverse ligands in the secretory pathway. CD1b has a mechanism for presenting either two small or one large lipid, allowing presentation of antigens with an unusually broad range of chain lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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245. Interrogating the repertoire: broadening the scope of peptide-MHC multimer analysis.

Author

Davis, Mark M., Altman, John D., and Newell, Evan W.

Subjects
*ANTIGENS, *T cells, *IMMUNE response, *LYMPHOCYTES, *PEPTIDES, *ANTIGEN analysis, *FLOW cytometry, *COMMUNICABLE diseases, *VACCINES, *IMMUNIZATION, *IMMUNOLOGY technique, *CELL receptors, *GENES, *MASS spectrometry, *CANCER vaccines, *TOXINS
Abstract

Labelling antigen-specific T cells with peptide-MHC multimers has provided an invaluable way to monitor T cell-mediated immune responses. A number of recent developments in this technology have made these multimers much easier to make and use in large numbers. Furthermore, enrichment techniques have provided a greatly increased sensitivity that allows the analysis of the naive T cell repertoire directly. Thus, we can expect a flood of new information to emerge in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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247. Transient FTY720 treatment promotes immune-mediated clearance of a chronic viral infection.

Author

Premenko-Lanier, Mary, Moseley, Nelson B., Pruett, Sarah T., Romagnoli, Pablo A., and Altman, John D.

Subjects
VIRUS diseases, MEDICAL virology, COMMUNICABLE diseases, MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY
Abstract

For a wide variety of microbial pathogens, the outcome of the infection is indeterminate. In some individuals the microbe is cleared, but in others it establishes a chronic infection, and the factors that tip this balance are often unknown. In a widely used model of chronic viral infection, C57BL/6 mice clear the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), but the clone 13 strain persists. Here we show that the Armstrong strain induces a profound lymphopenia at days 1–3 after infection, but the clone 13 strain does not. If we transiently augment lymphopenia by treating the clone-13-infected mice with the drug FTY720 at days 0–2 after infection, the mice successfully clear the infection by day 30. Clearance does not occur when CD4 T cells are absent at the time of treatment, indicating that the drug is not exerting direct antiviral effects. Notably, FTY720 treatment of an already established persistent infection also leads to viral clearance. In both models, FTY720 treatment preserves or augments LCMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, a result that is counter-intuitive because FTY720 is generally regarded as a new immunosuppressive agent. Because FTY720 targets host pathways that are completely evolutionarily conserved, our results may be translatable into new immunotherapies for the treatment of chronic microbial infections in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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248. Actin integrity is indispensable for CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.

Author

Petrovas, Constantinos, Mueller, Yvonne, Yang, Guibin, Altork, Susan, Jacobson, Jeffrey, Pitsakis, Peter, Mounzer, Karam, Altman, John, and Katsikis, Peter

Abstract

We have recently provided data suggesting a potential role for mitochondria and Bcl-2-family molecules in apoptosis sensitivity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we report on the role of filamentous (F) actin in this process. Disruption of actin by cytochalasin D (cytD) or lantrunculin A remarkably reduced CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells while their spontaneous apoptosis was unaffected. This inhibition cannot be attributed to changes of CD95/Fas distribution or levels in these cells. Furthermore, cytD treatment reduced CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis of CD8+ T cells from HIV+ patients independently of their differentiation status. CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis of both CD38+ and CD38− HIV-specific CD8+ T cells was inhibited by cytD treatment indicating that actin mediates this apoptotic process independently of the activation level of these cells. CytD was found to reduce the activation of caspase-8 induced by short treatment of purified CD8+ T cells from HIV+ patients with anti-CD95/Fas. Our data reveal actin as a critical mediator of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell apoptosis; further analysis of the molecular mechanisms governing this process may potentially contribute to design new therapies targeting the enhancement of the immune system in HIV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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250. An Integrative Model for Corporate Venturing.

Author

Altman, John W. and Zacharakis, Andrew

Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, STRATEGIC planning, LEADERSHIP, CORPORATE culture
Abstract

Compares the Corporate Venturing processes of 3M Co. and Thermo Electron Corp. with the proposed model Xerox New Enterprises (XNE). Origin of the proposed model; Composition of the XNE model; Culture and its influence on XNE; Role of leadership in articulating vision and entrepreneurial purpose in the model; Lesson learned by 3M on evaluating opportunities utilizing traditional business planning models.

Published
2003
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