217 results on '"Alice F. Tarantal"'
Search Results
202. Amniotic Band Syndrome in a Rhesus Monkey: A Case Report
- Author
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Andrew G Hendrickx and Alice F. Tarantal
- Subjects
Fetus ,General Veterinary ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Amniotic Band ,Anatomy ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Hydrocephalus ,Position (obstetrics) ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fetal head ,Hysterotomy ,Craniofacial ,Amniotic Band Syndrome - Abstract
A rhesus monkey fetus was examined by ultrasound at 110, 111, and 113 gestational days (GD) and showed features suggestive of Amniotic Band Syndrome (ABS). These included an unusual craniofacial configuration, cortical distortion, asymmetrical hydrocephalus, a right occipital porencephalic cyst, and hydropic membranes with several free strands attached to the fetal head, neck, and scapular regions. The fetus remained fixed in the same position with the head retroflexed during each consecutive exam. A hysterotomy was performed and ABS was confirmed.
- Published
- 1987
203. Use of Ultrasound for Early Pregnancy Detection in the Rhesus and Cynomolgus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis )
- Author
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Andrew G Hendrickx and Alice F. Tarantal
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Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Embryogenesis ,Gestational sac ,Gestational age ,medicine.disease ,Macaque ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,biology.animal ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Gestation ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Yolk sac ,business - Abstract
Diagnostic ultrasound provides an accurate method for the detection of early pregnancy and embryonic loss in macaque species. A developing gestational sac (GS) may be observed on gestational day (GD) 14-15 with positive identification on GD 16-18. Visualization of the yolk sac, embryo, and developing heart on GD 21-25 confirms pregnancy. Continuous observations during embryogenesis provide useful information when assessing the teratogenic potential of a variety of agents.
- Published
- 1988
204. Ultrasound-guided transfundal uterine sperm recovery fromMacaca fascicularis
- Author
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James W. Overstreet, Theodore L. Tollner, Catherine A. VandeVoort, and Alice F. Tarantal
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Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Uterus ,Physiology ,Semen ,Biology ,Macaque ,Pregnancy ,biology.animal ,Laparotomy ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Ultrasonics ,Cervix ,Sperm-Ovum Interactions ,Biopsy, Needle ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Spermatozoa ,Sperm ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,Fertilization ,Cervix Mucus ,Sperm Motility ,Macaca ,Female ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Previous studies from this center have indicated that the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) may serve as a model for human sperm interaction with the cervix and uterus. In some macaque species, transcervical aspiration of the uterine contents carries a significant risk of disturbing the cervical milieu due to the serpentine nature of the cervix. The only alternatives have been surgical procedures such as laparotomy or laparoscopy. In this paper, we report our experience with a new technique for ultrasound-guided sampling of spermatozoa in the macaque uterus. Twenty adult female cynomolgus macaques were monitored for menses (first day of menses = day 1), and one mating per cycle was allowed on day 10, 11, or 12. In one group of ten animals, cervical mucus was sampled at 3 or 18 hr postcoitus (pc) and ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration was performed at 24 hours pc. In a second group of ten monkeys, uterine aspiration was at six hr pc and sperm numbers and motility were counted in the uterine fluid. Uterine fluid was obtained from fourteen of twenty monkeys. Pregnancy occurred in ten of the twenty experimental cycles. Ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration appears to be a reliable method for the evaluation of sperm transport in female macaques. The correlations between uterine sperm recovery and cervical mucus sperm populations are discussed. The high conception rate in treatment cycles indicates that this procedure can be performed without apparent risk to pregnancy.
- Published
- 1989
205. Embryotoxicity studies of norfloxacin in cynomolgus monkeys: I. Teratology studies and norfloxacin plasma concentration in pregnant and nonpregnant monkeys
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J. D. Rodgers, Andrew G Hendrickx, Thomas G. Nyland, Alice F. Tarantal, Mark A. Cukierski, M. Cukierski, C. P. Peter, A. G. Zacchei, Richard T. Robertson, S. Prahalada, and David L. Hess
- Subjects
Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Developmental toxicity ,Toxicology ,Embryonic and Fetal Development ,Pregnancy ,Oral administration ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Animals ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,Norfloxacin ,Antibacterial agent ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Organ Size ,Teratology ,Macaca fascicularis ,Teratogens ,Endocrinology ,Toxicity ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Gestation ,Female ,business ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Norfloxacin, a new orally active antibiotic, was investigated in cynomolgus monkeys for potential developmental toxicity. Fifty-seven monkeys were administered a control vehicle or norfloxacin by nasogastric gavage during the major period of organogenesis on gestational days (GD) 21 through 50 at doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200/300 mg/kg/day. There was no evidence of teratogenicity at any dose level. Maternotoxicity and a significant increase in embryolethality occurred following doses of 200/300 mg/kg/day. The maternotoxicity was not expected based on range-finding studies in nonpregnant female monkeys, which showed no signs of toxicity in doses up to 500 mg/kg/day. Additional studies were conducted to determine if norfloxacin caused similar toxicity later in gestation. Forty-six pregnant monkeys were dosed with a control vehicle or 200 mg/kg/day norfloxacin for one of three 10-day periods on GD 36-45, 71-80, or 111-120. There were no maternotoxic, embryotoxic, or fetotoxic effects observed. Plasma concentrations of norfloxacin in five cynomolgus monkeys following 50 and 200 mg/kg oral doses were not dose-proportionate. However, at a given dose, administered in cross-over fashion, plasma concentrations of norfloxacin were higher in nonpregnant females (approximately 20-40%) than during pregnancy when the same subject was compared. At the no-observed-effect dose for maternal and embryotoxicity (50 mg/kg), peak plasma concentrations of norfloxacin in pregnant cynomolgus monkeys are approximately threefold higher than those observed in human volunteers receiving norfloxacin at the maximum recommended therapeutic dose of 400 mg (5.7 mg/kg based on 70 kg body weight) twice per day.
- Published
- 1989
206. IN-UTHRO TRANSPLANTATION OF FETAL LIVER HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS IN MONKEYS
- Author
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Alice F. Tarantal, M R Harrison, EsmailD Zanjani, TimothyM Crombleholme, R. Nathan Slotnick, and M S Golbus
- Subjects
Male ,Myeloid ,Liver cytology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,Biology ,In utero transplantation ,Andrology ,Fetus ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Transplantation, Homologous ,Cells, Cultured ,Erythroid Precursor Cells ,Chimera ,Age Factors ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,General Medicine ,Macaca mulatta ,Hemoglobinopathies ,Transplantation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liver ,Evaluation Studies as Topic ,Karyotyping ,Immunology ,Female ,Bone marrow ,Stem cell ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
To evaluate the potential of in-utero transplantation of fetal haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for permanent engraftment as a treatment of congenital haemoglobinopathies, fetal rhesus monkeys were transplanted with HSCs derived from fetal livers. Five pregnant monkeys (60-62 days' gestation) were given an in-utero intraperitoneal injection of fetal liver cells (10(8)-10(9) cells/kg estimated fetal recipient body weight) derived from opposite sex donors at 59-68 days' gestation. Engraftment was confirmed by karyotype analysis of peripheral blood leucocytes and bone marrow; cells of donor sex were found among the recipient cells. Donor cell engraftment was apparent in four of five in-utero HSC transplant recipients at birth. Engraftment involved lymphoid (2.9-8.0% donor cells), erythroid (5.3-12.5%), and myeloid (8.5-15.4%) lineages and has persisted for up to 2 years without evidence of graft-versus-host disease.
- Published
- 1989
207. The effect of the anti-progestin RU 486 on early pregnancy in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
- Author
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Bill L. Lasley, Alice F. Tarantal, G. O Owiti, and Andrew G Hendrickx
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Estrone ,Placenta ,Corpus Luteum ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Estrenes ,Contraceptives, Postcoital ,Progesterone ,Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic ,Abortifacient Agents ,business.industry ,Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Trophoblast ,Mifepristone ,medicine.disease ,Macaca fascicularis ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Estrogen ,Gestation ,Female ,Gonadotropin ,Intramuscular injection ,business ,medicine.drug ,Hormone - Abstract
The efficacy of various doses of RU 486 in terminating pregnancy before and after the luteal-placental shift (LPS) in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) was assessed through sonographic examination and measurements of steroid hormones and their metabolites. Intramuscular injection of 1.0, 2.5, 12.5, or 25.0 mg/kg was administered either from gestational day (GD) 15-18 (Group 1; N = 11) or GD 23-26 (Group 2; N = 9). The timing of treatment was determined by the detection of the preovulatory estrogen peak via daily urinary estrone conjugate (E1C) measurements. In Group 1, a 90.9% pregnancy loss was observed (10/11); seven animals aborted during GD 15-20, two animals indicated early embryonic death with retained gestational sacs, one animal aborted on GD 56, and one pregnancy was maintained. In Group 2, an 88.9% pregnancy loss was observed (8/9); eight animals aborted between GD 26-29, and one pregnancy was unaffected. Hormone profiles appeared to fall secondarily to the loss of trophoblast function. These results indicate: (a) RU 486 was more effective after the LPS; and (b) the primary effect of RU 486 appeared to be at the level of the products of conception.
- Published
- 1989
208. Evaluation of the bioeffects of prenatal ultrasound exposure in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis): I. Neonatal/infant observations
- Author
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Alice F. Tarantal and Andrew G Hendrickx
- Subjects
Embryology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Birth weight ,Toxicology ,Leukocyte Count ,Pregnancy ,White blood cell ,medicine ,Animals ,Birth Weight ,Fetal Monitoring ,Ultrasonography ,Fetus ,Hematologic Tests ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Circumference ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,Gestation ,Female ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The frequency of use of ultrasonography for evaluating the developing embryo/fetus has continued to rise although the possible risks from exposure still remain uncertain. The cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is currently being used in our laboratory as a model to assess these risks. In utero exposure was performed utilizing a commercial real-time mechanical sector scanner with a 7.5 MHz scanhead (ATL, MK 600). Maximum acoustic power output for this unit is as follows: I(SPTA) = 12.0 mW/cm2, I(SPPA) = 98 W/cm2, and Im = 137 W/cm2. Animals exposed to ultrasound (N = 16) were scanned five times weekly on gestational days (GD) 21-35 +/- 2 for 10 minutes/exam (m/e), three times weekly on GD 36-60 +/- 2 for 10 m/e, and once weekly on GD 61-150 +/- 2 for 20 m/e. Controls (N = 14) were "scanned" with the unit placed on standby. Assessment of simian Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes of life revealed higher scores for treated animals at 10 minutes (P less than or equal to 0.045); greater scores in muscle tone (P less than or equal to 0.013) and color (P less than or equal to 0.016) were observed. Evaluation of morphometrics at birth including weight, biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, head circumference, hand and foot lengths, humerus and femur lengths, arm circumference, chest circumference, tail length, skinfold thickness, and crown-rump length (CRL) indicated a significant reduction in only two parameters, birth weight (P less than or equal to 0.027) and CRL (P less than or equal to 0.033). Hematologic analysis at 2 +/- 1, 9 +/- 1, and 16 +/- 1 days of life revealed a significant difference in white blood cell counts (WBCs). Treated animals displayed lower WBCs with reductions in numbers of segmented neutrophils and monocytes at all ages observed. Hematologic differences were not significant by 5-6 months of age. No abortions, gross malformations, or stillbirths were observed in the exposed animals.
- Published
- 1989
209. Characterization of prenatal growth and development in the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) by ultrasound
- Author
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Alice F. Tarantal and Andrew G Hendrickx
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gestational sac ,Physiology ,Gestational Age ,Biology ,Embryonic and Fetal Development ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Yolk sac ,Ultrasonography ,Fetus ,Gestational age ,Body movement ,medicine.disease ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,embryonic structures ,Gestation ,Macaca ,Female ,Anatomy - Abstract
Diagnostic ultrasound is a valuable tool for the examination of various anatomical structures in vivo. Improvements in technology have increased its effectiveness and provided a noninvasive method for the in utero observation of a variety of structural and functional events. Ultrasound is utilized in our laboratory to monitor a variety of studies during embryonic and fetal development. Basic to these evaluations is the ability to assess normal growth and development. The cynomolgus, or crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), has been observed in utero by ultrasound from early gestation to term. The earliest detection of implantation is by the identification of a developing gestational sac (GS), which may be visualized on gestational day (GD) 14-15. Positive identification of the GS on GD 16-18 and appearance of the embryo, yolk sac, and cardiac motion on GD 21-25 confirms pregnancy. Once the embryo is evident, measurements of the greatest length (GL) may be used to assess normal growth or to aid in the prediction of gestational age. During the fetal period, a variety of growth parameters aid in fetal evaluation. The gender of the fetus can be accurately identified as early as GD 70-75. An assessment of viability and condition can be determined by the observation of embryonic and fetal heart rates and gross body movement.
- Published
- 1988
210. Prenatal growth in the cynomolgus and rhesus macaque (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta): A comparison by ultrasonography
- Author
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Alice F. Tarantal and Andrew G Hendrickx
- Subjects
Fetus ,biology ,business.industry ,Embryogenesis ,Gestational sac ,Gestational age ,Zoology ,Physiology ,biology.organism_classification ,Macaque ,Rhesus macaque ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Gestation ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ultrasonography ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The rhesus monkey has played an important role in the history of reproductive research. Because of limitations on the exportation and availability of this species, several other species of nonhuman primates have been considered as alternate models. Among them is the crab-eating, or cynomolgus, macaque (Macaca fascicularis), which displays similarities in developmental, reproductive, and physiological parameters. The use of both species of macaques for pregnancy-related studies necessitates the assessment of differences in growth and development through gestation. Observations during the embryonic and fetal periods in both species have been compared with diagnostic ultrasound. Results indicate no significant differences in size during the embryonic and early fetal periods, but a greater acceleration of growth in the rhesus begins at approximately 100–110 gestational days (GD). Analysis of embryonic and fetal heart rates indicate no differences between the two species. Normal predictive values for a variety of growth parameters including gestational sac, greatest length, biparietal diameter, and femur length have boon calculated by multiple regression analysis. These charts have proven useful for confirming the gestational age after timed matings and for predicting the age of animals for which the conception date is not known.
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- 1988
211. A primary Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection of rhesus macaques identifies new immunodominant B-cell antigens.
- Author
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Arlo Randall, Andy Teng, Xiaowu Liang, Sukumar Pal, Alice F Tarantal, Joseph Fike, Peter A Barry, and Luis M de la Maza
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
To identify immunodominant antigens that elicit a humoral immune response following a primary and a secondary genital infection, rhesus monkeys were inoculated cervically with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D. Serum samples were collected and probed with a protein microarray expressing 864/894 (96.4%) of the open reading frames of the C. trachomatis serovar D genome. The antibody response to the primary infection was analyzed in 72 serum samples from 12 inoculated monkeys. The following criteria were utilized to identify immunodominant antigens: proteins found to be recognized by at least 75% (9/12) of the infected monkeys with at least 15% elevations in signal intensity from week 0 to week 8 post infection. All infected monkeys developed Chlamydia specific serum antibodies. Eight proteins satisfied the selection criteria for immunodominant antigens: CT242 (OmpH-like protein), CT541 (mip), CT681 (ompA), CT381 (artJ), CT443 (omcB), CT119 (incA), CT486 (fliY), and CT110 (groEL). Of these, three antigens, CT119, CT486 and CT381, were not previously identified as immunodominant antigens using non-human primate sera. Following the secondary infection, the antibody responses to the eight immunodominant antigens were analyzed and found to be quite different in intensity and duration to the primary infection. In conclusion, these eight immunodominant antigens can now be tested for their ability to identify individuals with a primary C. trachomatis genital infection and to design vaccine strategies to protect against a primary infection with this pathogen.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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212. Highly efficient maternal-fetal Zika virus transmission in pregnant rhesus macaques.
- Author
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Sydney M Nguyen, Kathleen M Antony, Dawn M Dudley, Sarah Kohn, Heather A Simmons, Bryce Wolfe, M Shahriar Salamat, Leandro B C Teixeira, Gregory J Wiepz, Troy H Thoong, Matthew T Aliota, Andrea M Weiler, Gabrielle L Barry, Kim L Weisgrau, Logan J Vosler, Mariel S Mohns, Meghan E Breitbach, Laurel M Stewart, Mustafa N Rasheed, Christina M Newman, Michael E Graham, Oliver E Wieben, Patrick A Turski, Kevin M Johnson, Jennifer Post, Jennifer M Hayes, Nancy Schultz-Darken, Michele L Schotzko, Josh A Eudailey, Sallie R Permar, Eva G Rakasz, Emma L Mohr, Saverio Capuano, Alice F Tarantal, Jorge E Osorio, Shelby L O'Connor, Thomas C Friedrich, David H O'Connor, and Thaddeus G Golos
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with human congenital fetal anomalies. To model fetal outcomes in nonhuman primates, we administered Asian-lineage ZIKV subcutaneously to four pregnant rhesus macaques. While non-pregnant animals in a previous study contemporary with the current report clear viremia within 10-12 days, maternal viremia was prolonged in 3 of 4 pregnancies. Fetal head growth velocity in the last month of gestation determined by ultrasound assessment of head circumference was decreased in comparison with biparietal diameter and femur length within each fetus, both within normal range. ZIKV RNA was detected in tissues from all four fetuses at term cesarean section. In all pregnancies, neutrophilic infiltration was present at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua, placenta, fetal membranes), in various fetal tissues, and in fetal retina, choroid, and optic nerve (first trimester infection only). Consistent vertical transmission in this primate model may provide a platform to assess risk factors and test therapeutic interventions for interruption of fetal infection. The results may also suggest that maternal-fetal ZIKV transmission in human pregnancy may be more frequent than currently appreciated.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
213. Maternal and Fetal Pharmacokinetics of Oral Radiolabeled and Authentic Bisphenol A in the Rhesus Monkey.
- Author
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Catherine A VandeVoort, Roy R Gerona, Frederick S Vom Saal, Alice F Tarantal, Patricia A Hunt, Anne Hillenweck, and Daniel Zalko
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The present study was conducted in pregnant rhesus monkeys to determine the rapidity and extent to which BPA reaches the fetal compartment following oral ingestion, and the 24-hr fate of BPA. To assess metabolism changes during the course of pregnancy, we compared BPA biotransformation during the second and third trimesters in the same animals, measuring the levels of sulfated, gluronidated, and free BPA in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum. All animals showed measurable unconjugated and conjugated BPA in the fetal compartment and slow clearance compared to maternal serum. There were higher levels of BPA-G in amniotic fluid at 150 days gestation compared to 100 days gestation, as well as higher levels of BPA-G than BPA-S. We also monitored 3H-BPA (and metabolites) in key tissues and excreta from a mother and fetus and from a non-pregnant female. The elimination of radioactivity was rapid, but residues were still detectable 24 hr after dosing in all tissues analyzed. These data suggest that, in primates, rapid maternal processing of BPA does not alleviate the risk of exposure to the developing fetus. This study elevates concerns about levels of current BPA human exposure from potentially a large number of unknown sources and the risks posed to developing fetuses.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
214. Natural Scaffolds for Renal Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Kidney Tissue Engineering.
- Author
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Cynthia A Batchelder, Michele L Martinez, and Alice F Tarantal
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Despite the enthusiasm for bioengineering of functional renal tissues for transplantation, many obstacles remain before the potential of this technology can be realized in a clinical setting. Viable tissue engineering strategies for the kidney require identification of the necessary cell populations, efficient scaffolds, and the 3D culture conditions to develop and support the unique architecture and physiological function of this vital organ. Our studies have previously demonstrated that decellularized sections of rhesus monkey kidneys of all age groups provide a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) with sufficient structural properties with spatial and organizational influences on human embryonic stem cell (hESC) migration and differentiation. To further explore the use of decellularized natural kidney scaffolds for renal tissue engineering, pluripotent hESC were seeded in whole- or on sections of kidney ECM and cell migration and phenotype compared with the established differentiation assays for hESC. Results of qPCR and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated upregulation of renal lineage markers when hESC were cultured in decellularized scaffolds without cytokine or growth factor stimulation, suggesting a role for the ECM in directing renal lineage differentiation. hESC were also differentiated with growth factors and compared when seeded on renal ECM or a new biologically inert polysaccharide scaffold for further maturation. Renal lineage markers were progressively upregulated over time on both scaffolds and hESC were shown to express signature genes of renal progenitor, proximal tubule, endothelial, and collecting duct populations. These findings suggest that natural scaffolds enhance expression of renal lineage markers particularly when compared to embryoid body culture. The results of these studies show the capabilities of a novel polysaccharide scaffold to aid in defining a protocol for renal progenitor differentiation from hESC, and advance the promise of tissue engineering as a source of functional kidney tissue.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
215. Three Dimensional Culture of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Organoids.
- Author
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Cynthia A Batchelder, Michele L Martinez, Nadire Duru, Frederick J Meyers, and Alice F Tarantal
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas arise from the nephron but are heterogeneous in disease biology, clinical behavior, prognosis, and response to systemic therapy. Development of patient-specific in vitro models that efficiently and faithfully reproduce the in vivo phenotype may provide a means to develop personalized therapies for this diverse carcinoma. Studies to maintain and model tumor phenotypes in vitro were conducted with emerging three-dimensional culture techniques and natural scaffolding materials. Human renal cell carcinomas were individually characterized by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR to establish the characteristics of each tumor. Isolated cells were cultured on renal extracellular matrix and compared to a novel polysaccharide scaffold to assess cell-scaffold interactions, development of organoids, and maintenance of gene expression signatures over time in culture. Renal cell carcinomas cultured on renal extracellular matrix repopulated tubules or vessel lumens in renal pyramids and medullary rays, but cells were not observed in glomeruli or outer cortical regions of the scaffold. In the polysaccharide scaffold, renal cell carcinomas formed aggregates that were loosely attached to the scaffold or free-floating within the matrix. Molecular analysis of cell-scaffold constructs including immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR demonstrated that individual tumor phenotypes could be sustained for up to 21 days in culture on both scaffolds, and in comparison to outcomes in two-dimensional monolayer cultures. The use of three-dimensional scaffolds to engineer a personalized in vitro renal cell carcinoma model provides opportunities to advance understanding of this disease.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
216. Radiolabeling human peripheral blood stem cells for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in young rhesus monkeys.
- Author
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Alice F Tarantal, C Chang I Lee, David L Kukis, and Simon R Cherry
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
These studies focused on a new radiolabeling technique with copper ((64)Cu) and zirconium ((89)Zr) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using a CD45 antibody. Synthesis of (64)Cu-CD45 and (89)Zr-CD45 immunoconjugates was performed and the evaluation of the potential toxicity of radiolabeling human peripheral blood stem cells (hPBSC) was assessed in vitro (viability, population doubling times, colony forming units). hPBSC viability was maintained as the dose of (64)Cu-TETA-CD45 increased from 0 (92%) to 160 µCi/mL (76%, p>0.05). Radiolabeling efficiency was not significantly increased with concentrations of (64)Cu-TETA-CD45 >20 µCi/mL (p>0.50). Toxicity affecting both growth and colony formation was observed with hPBSC radiolabeled with ≥40 µCi/mL (p0.05), and a trend towards increased radiolabeling efficiency was noted as the dose of (89)Zr-Df-CD45 increased, with a greater level of radiolabeling with 160 µCi/mL compared to 0-40 µCi/mL (p
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
217. Tissue specificity of decellularized rhesus monkey kidney and lung scaffolds.
- Author
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Karina H Nakayama, C Chang I Lee, Cynthia A Batchelder, and Alice F Tarantal
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Initial steps in establishing an optimal strategy for functional bioengineered tissues is generation of three-dimensional constructs containing cells with the appropriate organization and phenotype. To effectively utilize rhesus monkey decellularized kidney scaffolds, these studies evaluated two key parameters: (1) residual scaffold components after decellularization including proteomics analysis, and (2) the use of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for recellularization in order to explore cellular differentiation in a tissue-specific manner. Sections of kidney and lung were selected for a comparative evaluation because of their similar pattern of organogenesis. Proteomics analysis revealed the presence of growth factors and antimicrobial proteins as well as stress proteins and complement components. Immunohistochemistry of recellularized kidney scaffolds showed the generation of Cytokeratin+ epithelial tubule phenotypes throughout the scaffold that demonstrated a statistically significant increase in expression of kidney-associated genes compared to baseline hESC gene expression. Recellularization of lung scaffolds showed that cells lined the alveolar spaces and demonstrated statistically significant upregulation of key lung-associated genes. However, overall expression of kidney and lung-associated markers was not statistically different when the kidney and lung recellularized scaffolds were compared. These results suggest that decellularized scaffolds have an intrinsic spatial ability to influence hESC differentiation by physically shaping cells into tissue-appropriate structures and phenotypes, and that additional approaches may be needed to ensure consistent recellularization throughout the matrix.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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